CN113991141B - Integrated reversible fuel cell energy system - Google Patents
Integrated reversible fuel cell energy system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113991141B CN113991141B CN202111150869.0A CN202111150869A CN113991141B CN 113991141 B CN113991141 B CN 113991141B CN 202111150869 A CN202111150869 A CN 202111150869A CN 113991141 B CN113991141 B CN 113991141B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The utility model relates to a reversible fuel cell, in particular to an integrated reversible fuel cell energy system, which comprises an integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, a lithium battery auxiliary promoter system, a solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem and a hydrogen storage subsystem; the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem consists of an integrated reversible fuel cell stack, a hydrogen circulation subsystem, an air circulation subsystem, a cooling water circulation subsystem and an electrolysis water circulation subsystem; the system includes a power generation mode and an electrolysis mode. Compared with the prior art, the utility model realizes the recycling of hydrogen, and the cooperation of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, the lithium battery auxiliary promoter system and the solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem enables the hydrogen to be efficiently utilized, produced and stored, thereby improving the endurance time of the system and the energy utilization efficiency of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a reversible fuel cell, in particular to an integrated reversible fuel cell energy system.
Background
The hydrogen energy is hopeful to become a new energy source for replacing traditional fossil energy sources such as petroleum, coal and the like because the hydrogen energy has the characteristics of high energy storage density and no pollution. The integrated reversible fuel cell (Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell, URFC) is an efficient utilization means of hydrogen energy, has two functional modes of electrolysis and power generation, can utilize hydrogen energy to generate power, can also utilize primary energy (such as solar energy) to electrolyze and generate hydrogen, and has wide application prospects in the fields of energy systems of mobile platforms, such as electric automobiles, unmanned aerial vehicles, power grid peak shaving and the like.
Chinese patent CN106784960B discloses an integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem comprising a hydrogen generation module, a hydrogen circulation module, an oxygen circulation module and a water circulation module, which are formed by a fuel cell stack. The fuel cell stack comprises a plurality of single cells, a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet, an oxygen inlet and a cooling fluid inlet and outlet which are sequentially overlapped, the single cells comprise a conducting plate and a membrane electrode, the hydrogen circulation module is connected with the hydrogen inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack, the oxygen circulation module is connected with the oxygen inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack, the water circulation module is connected with the cooling fluid inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack, the system performs fuel cell power generation in the forward process and performs water electrolysis hydrogen production in the reverse process. However, the patent does not propose an energy management and mode switching strategy of the system in different working modes, and the cooling water and the electrolyzed water share the same water circulation module, which is not beneficial to controlling the temperature and flow of the water in different modes.
Chinese patent CN204289610U discloses a cogeneration device of solar-reversible fuel cells, comprising a solar cell, a reversible solid oxide fuel cell, an oxygen storage tank, a hydrogen storage tank and a water storage tank; the cogeneration device can fully utilize solar energy in the daytime, and effectively store redundant solar energy in the daytime through the reversible solid oxide fuel cell so as to be utilized at night, so that the solar energy which does not exist at night can be indirectly utilized at night, and simultaneously, heat generated by fuel power generation can be fully utilized, thereby realizing cogeneration, solving the problem of energy supply when the current motor home is used as a mobile house, and having extremely important significance for utilizing clean energy such as solar energy, wind energy and the like. But the patent does not teach the power paths for the solar cells and reversible solid oxide fuel cells when in operation, as well as the energy management strategies in the operation of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve at least one of the problems and provide an integrated reversible fuel cell energy system, which can control the switching of working modes and the system regulation and control through an energy management module, so as to realize the cyclic utilization of hydrogen fuel in the running process of a vehicle, improve the energy storage density of the system, improve the energy utilization efficiency and greatly improve the duration of the whole vehicle.
The aim of the utility model is achieved by the following technical scheme:
the integrated reversible fuel cell energy system comprises an integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, a lithium battery auxiliary promoter subsystem, a solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem and a hydrogen storage subsystem; the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem consists of an integrated reversible fuel cell stack, a hydrogen circulation subsystem, an air circulation subsystem, a cooling water circulation subsystem and an electrolysis water circulation subsystem;
the system comprises a power generation mode and an electrolysis mode,
when the system enters a power generation mode, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack starts to generate power, the power system is supplied with energy, and the lithium battery auxiliary promoter system is used as a supplementary energy source for auxiliary starting or quick load changing;
when the system enters an electrolysis mode, the solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem provides electrolysis energy consumption for the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, the lithium battery auxiliary promoter system is used as an auxiliary energy maintenance system to operate, and the generated hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage subsystem to realize hydrogen fuel circulation;
when the system is switched from an electrolysis mode to a power generation mode, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack is purged through inputting hydrogen and air until the water content in the integrated reversible fuel cell stack is reduced to a content suitable for power generation, and when the water content is represented by high-frequency impedance, the system is typically purged until the high-frequency impedance value is lower than 200mΩ & cm 2 。
Preferably, the hydrogen circulation subsystem is formed by sequentially connecting a high-pressure reducing valve, a low-pressure reducing valve, an electromagnetic valve, an integrated reversible fuel cell stack, a hydrogen-water-gas separation device, a pulse valve and a gas pipeline; the pulse valve is a pulse electromagnetic valve which is opened and closed at regular time and which opens the exhaust gas in a pulse manner, so that the pulse valve is called a pulse valve and a commercially available pulse electromagnetic valve can be used.
In the power generation mode, hydrogen is discharged from the hydrogen storage subsystem, is depressurized by the high-pressure depressurization valve and the low-pressure depressurization valve and then enters the integrated reversible fuel cell stack through the electromagnetic valve, the residual hydrogen after reaction is discharged to the hydrogen-water-gas separation device through the pulse discharge valve, and the separated hydrogen is discharged to the hydrogen storage subsystem to be collected;
in the electrolysis mode, the generated hydrogen is separated by a hydrogen-water-gas separation device and then is led to a Chu Qingzi system for storage.
Preferably, the pulse valve realizes that the opening interval time and the opening duration change along with the working condition of the integral type reversible fuel cell pile through a control program.
Preferably, the air circulation subsystem is formed by sequentially connecting an air compressor, a humidifier, an integrated reversible fuel cell stack, a back pressure valve, an air-water-gas separation device and a gas pipeline;
in the power generation mode, air is blown into the system through an air compressor, enters the integrated reversible fuel cell stack through a humidifier, flows out of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack in a countercurrent mode through the humidifier to humidify inlet air flow, controls pipeline pressure through a back pressure valve, and is finally separated through an air-water-gas separation device and discharged to the air;
in the electrolysis mode, the generated water-gas mixture is discharged from the integrated reversible fuel cell stack, and the gas is separated by the air-water separation device and then discharged to the air.
Preferably, the cooling water circulation subsystem is formed by connecting a cooling water pump, an integrated reversible fuel cell stack, a cooling water tank and a cooling water pipeline; the cooling water in the cooling water tank returns to the cooling water tank after passing through the cooling water pump and the fuel cell stack;
in the operation process of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, the cooling water pump drives cooling water in the cooling water tank to enter the integrated reversible fuel cell stack for cooling, and the power of the cooling water tank is regulated according to the temperature feedback signal of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack so as to control the temperature of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the electrolytic water circulation subsystem is formed by connecting an electrolytic water tank, an electrolytic water pump, an integrated reversible fuel cell stack, a hydrogen-water-gas separation device, an air-water-gas separation device and an electrolytic water pipeline;
in the electrolysis mode, the electrolysis water pump is started to drive water in the electrolysis water tank to enter the integrated reversible fuel cell stack, and the water after reaction and generated oxygen are discharged out of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack together, wherein the water flows back into the electrolysis water tank together with the water separated by the hydrogen-water-gas separation device after passing through the air-water-separation device.
Preferably, the cooling water tank and the electrolytic water tank are provided with a heating function and a temperature feedback function, and the water temperatures in the cooling water circulation subsystem and the electrolytic water circulation subsystem can be respectively adjusted.
Preferably, the hydrogen storage subsystem consists of a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder and a hydrogen storage tank;
the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is made of carbon fiber materials, high-pressure hydrogen is filled in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder, and a valve is arranged at an outlet;
the solid hydrogen storage material and the heating rod are arranged in the hydrogen storage tank, heating energy is provided by the lithium battery auxiliary promoter system, and the hydrogen storage tank is controlled to be in a hydrogen release or hydrogen storage working mode by controlling the heating temperature;
the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder and the hydrogen storage tank can independently complete the functions of system hydrogen release and hydrogen storage, hydrogen preferentially enters the hydrogen storage tank during hydrogen storage, the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is preferentially released during hydrogen release, and the hydrogen storage tank starts to release hydrogen when the pressure in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is too low.
Preferably, the integrated reversible fuel cell energy system further comprises a control board, an energy management module is arranged on the control board, the energy management module performs system regulation and control, the auxiliary power load and the rapid load change of the auxiliary lithium battery promoter system are controlled when the power generation is started, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack is controlled to perform mode switching, the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem is controlled to stop, and the heating temperature of the hydrogen storage tank of the hydrogen storage subsystem is controlled to enable the hydrogen storage tank to be in a hydrogen release or hydrogen storage working mode.
Preferably, the auxiliary lithium battery promoter system consists of a lithium battery, an energy management module of a control panel and an attached circuit, and is used as an energy source when the system is cold started and the hydrogen storage subsystem is switched to a working mode.
Preferably, the solar energy electrolysis energy supply subsystem consists of a solar photovoltaic panel, an energy management module of the control panel and an attached circuit, and the electric energy generated by the solar energy electrolysis energy supply subsystem is converted into the voltage required by the electrolysis of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the solar photovoltaic panel is connected to the integrated reversible fuel cell stack, and when the integrated reversible fuel cell stack is in an electrolysis mode, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack is conducted through the energy management module to provide power for the integrated reversible fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the integrated reversible fuel cell energy system further comprises an inverter and a switching power supply, and the electric energy generated by the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem is connected into the power system after being boosted by the inverter and the switching power supply.
The working principle of the utility model is as follows:
in the starting process, the lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem supplies power to all electric appliances in the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, so that the integrated reversible fuel cell stack has sufficient hydrogen and air supply, and the normal power generation of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack is ensured; after the integral type reversible fuel cell pile normally generates electricity, the electric appliance powered by the lithium battery is converted into the electric appliance powered by the integral type reversible fuel cell pile during starting, and the lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem can be used as a supplementary energy source for quick load change; when the integrated reversible fuel cell pile is electrolyzed, the required power supply is provided by a solar photovoltaic panel of the solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem, and meanwhile, the lithium battery auxiliary promoter system provides energy for part of electric appliances.
And when the hydrogen circulation subsystem works normally in the power generation mode of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, high-pressure hydrogen is discharged from the hydrogen storage subsystem through a valve, is reduced to the use air pressure through a high-pressure reducing valve and a low-pressure reducing valve, and is then introduced into the integrated reversible fuel cell stack after passing through an electromagnetic valve for controlling the opening and closing of the circulation loop. And discharging the residual hydrogen after the reaction to a hydrogen-water-gas separation device through a pulse valve, and introducing the separated dry hydrogen into a hydrogen storage subsystem for storage. When the integrated reversible fuel cell works in the electrolysis mode, the hydrogen inlet electromagnetic valve of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem is closed, the hydrogen and water-gas mixture at the outlet passes through the hydrogen-water-gas separation device, the separated dry hydrogen is led to the Chu Qingzi system to be stored, and water is condensed and flows back to the electrolysis water tank.
When the air circulation subsystem works normally in the power generation mode of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, air is sucked into the pipeline by the air compressor and enters the integrated reversible fuel cell stack through the humidifier, wherein the humidifier is connected in a countercurrent mode, the other side of the membrane is connected with an air path outlet of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack, and outlet air with higher humidity is used for humidifying inlet air. The residual air after the reaction enters the air-water-gas separation device through a back pressure valve for controlling the upstream pressure, the separated gas is discharged to the air, and water is condensed and flows back to the electrolytic water tank.
The cooling water circulation subsystem circulates through the cooling water tank temperature control and the cooling water pump under the power generation and electrolysis modes of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, and continuously maintains the temperature of the constant-temperature water through the integrated reversible fuel cell stack.
The electrolysis water circulation subsystem does not operate in the power generation mode of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, and in the electrolysis mode, the electrolysis water pump pumps the electrolysis water with the temperature controlled by the electrolysis water tank into the integrated reversible fuel cell stack, and meanwhile, the water separated by the hydrogen water-gas separation device and the air water-gas separation device is collected and flows back to the electrolysis water tank.
When the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem is switched from a power generation mode to an electrolysis mode, the solar photovoltaic panel circuit is connected into the integrated reversible fuel cell pile to supply power, the air compressor, the electromagnetic valve and the pulse valve are closed, the electrolytic water pump is opened, and the integrated reversible fuel cell pile enters the electrolysis mode.
When the integrated type reversible fuel cell subsystem is switched from an electrolysis mode to a power generation mode, the electromagnetic valve and the air compressor are opened, hydrogen and oxygen are continuously introduced into the integrated type reversible fuel cell stack, moisture in the integrated type reversible fuel cell stack is blown out after a period of time, at the moment, a solar photovoltaic panel circuit is cut off, an electrolysis water circulation subsystem is closed, and the integrated type reversible fuel cell stack enters the power generation mode.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
1. the existing fuel cell energy system has unidirectional hydrogen usage and cannot circulate, so that the system has shorter endurance time and low energy utilization efficiency. The existing integrated reversible fuel cell system equipment and hydrogen circulation scheme are unreasonable to select, and are difficult to be carried on mobile platforms such as small vehicles and unmanned aerial vehicles for use. The utility model realizes the recycling of hydrogen, and the cooperation of the integrated reversible fuel battery subsystem, the lithium battery auxiliary promoter system and the solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem enables the hydrogen to be efficiently utilized, produced and stored, thereby improving the endurance time of the system and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the system.
2. The energy management module automatically controls the working mode to switch and the system to regulate and control, so that the hydrogen fuel in the running process of the vehicle is fully recycled, the energy storage density of the system is improved, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the endurance time of the whole vehicle is greatly improved.
3. The pipeline has reasonable design, simple structure and lower arrangement complexity, effectively reduces the weight and the volume occupied by the system, and can be carried on mobile platforms such as small vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles, power grid peak shaving and the like for use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of an integrated reversible fuel cell power system of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the back side structure of the integrated reversible fuel cell power system of the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen circulation subsystem in the integrated reversible fuel cell energy system of the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the air circulation subsystem in the integrated reversible fuel cell energy system of the present utility model;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the electrolytic water circulation subsystem in the integrated reversible fuel cell energy system of the present utility model;
in the figure: the high-pressure hydrogen gas cylinder is 1, the high-pressure reducing valve is 2, the low-pressure reducing valve is 3, the electromagnetic valve is 4, the integrated reversible fuel cell pile is 5, the hydrogen gas-water separation device is 6, the pulse discharging valve is 7, the hydrogen storage tank is 8, the air compressor is 9, the humidifier is 10, the back pressure valve is 11, the air-water-gas separation device is 12, the cooling water pump is 13, the cooling water tank is 14, the electrolytic water tank is 15, the electrolytic water pump is 16, the lithium battery is 17, the control panel is 18, the solar photovoltaic panel is 19, the inverter is 20, and the switching power supply is 21.
Detailed Description
The utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
Example 1
The integrated reversible fuel cell energy system comprises an integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, a lithium battery auxiliary promoter system, a solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem and a hydrogen storage subsystem as shown in figures 1-5; the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem consists of an integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, a hydrogen circulation subsystem, an air circulation subsystem, a cooling water circulation subsystem and an electrolysis water circulation subsystem;
the system includes a power generation mode and an electrolysis mode,
when the system enters a power generation mode, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 starts to generate power and supplies energy to the power system, and the lithium battery auxiliary promoter system is used as a supplementary energy source for auxiliary starting or quick load changing supplementary energy source;
when the system enters an electrolysis mode, the solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem provides electrolysis energy consumption for the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, the lithium battery auxiliary promoter system is used as an auxiliary energy maintenance system to operate, and the generated hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage subsystem to realize hydrogen fuel circulation;
when the system is switched from the electrolysis mode to the power generation mode, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 is purged by inputting hydrogen and air until water in the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5Is reduced to a content suitable for power generation, and is characterized by a high-frequency impedance value of less than 200mΩ & cm 2 。
More specifically, in the present embodiment:
the integrated reversible fuel cell energy system is applied to an Apollo prototype vehicle.
The hydrogen circulation subsystem is formed by sequentially connecting a high-pressure reducing valve 2, a low-pressure reducing valve 3, an electromagnetic valve 4, an integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, a hydrogen-water-gas separation device 6, a pulse valve 7 and a gas pipeline, as shown in figure 3; in the power generation mode, hydrogen is discharged from the hydrogen storage subsystem, is depressurized through a high-pressure relief valve 2 (the outlet pressure of the high-pressure relief valve 2 is 1MPa, the outlet pressure of the low-pressure relief valve 3 is 100 kPa), then enters an integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 through an electromagnetic valve 4, and the residual hydrogen after reaction is discharged to a hydrogen-water-gas separation device 6 through a pulse discharge valve 7, and the separated hydrogen is discharged to the hydrogen storage subsystem; in the electrolysis mode, the generated hydrogen is separated by the hydrogen-water-gas separation device 6 and then is led to a Chu Qingzi system for storage. The pulse valve 7 can realize that the opening interval time and the opening duration change along with the working condition of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 through a control program.
The air circulation subsystem is formed by sequentially connecting an air compressor 9, a humidifier 10, an integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, a back pressure valve 11, an air-water-gas separation device 12 and a gas pipeline, as shown in fig. 4; in the power generation mode, air is blown into the system through an air compressor 9 (the air compressor 9 controls the air flow to be 10L/min), enters the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 through a humidifier 10, and after leaving the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, the air has high humidity, flows through the humidifier 10 in a countercurrent mode to humidify inlet air flow, controls the pipeline pressure to be 100kPa through a back pressure valve 11, and is finally discharged to the air after being separated through an air-water-gas separation device 12; in the electrolysis mode, the generated water-gas mixture is discharged from the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, and the gas is separated by the air-water separation device 12 and discharged to the air.
The cooling water circulation subsystem is formed by connecting a cooling water pump 13, an integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, a cooling water tank 14 and a cooling water pipeline; the cooling water in the cooling water tank 14 returns to the cooling water tank 14 after passing through the cooling water pump 13 and the fuel cell stack, the cooling water tank 14 is provided with a heating (heat preservation) function and a temperature feedback function, and the water temperature of the circulating water in the cooling water circulation subsystem can be adjusted according to actual conditions; in the operation process of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, the cooling water pump 13 (the flow of the cooling water pump 13 is controlled at 5L/min) drives cooling water in the cooling water tank 14 to enter the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 for cooling, the power of the cooling water tank 14 is regulated according to a temperature feedback signal of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, and the temperature of the cooling water is controlled at 60 ℃ to control the temperature of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5.
The electrolytic water circulation subsystem is formed by connecting an electrolytic water tank 15, an electrolytic water pump 16, an integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, a hydrogen-water separation device 6, an air-water separation device 12 and an electrolytic water pipeline, as shown in fig. 5; the electrolytic water circulation subsystem is only started in an electrolytic mode, the electrolytic water tank 15 is provided with a heating (heat preservation) function and a temperature feedback function, and the water temperature of circulating water in the electrolytic water circulation subsystem can be adjusted according to actual conditions; in the electrolysis mode, the electrolysis water pump 16 is started to drive water in the electrolysis water tank 15 to enter the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, the electrolysis water pump 16 controls the water flow to be 2.6L/min, and the electrolysis water tank 15 controls the water temperature of circulating water to be 70 ℃. The water after the reaction is discharged out of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 together with the generated oxygen, wherein the water separated by the air-water-gas separation device 12 flows back into the electrolytic water tank 15 together with the water separated by the hydrogen-water-gas separation device 6.
The hydrogen storage subsystem consists of a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1 and a hydrogen storage tank 8; the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1 is made of carbon fiber materials, high-pressure hydrogen is filled in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder, the hydrogen storage amount is 5L, the hydrogen storage pressure is 13.5MPa, and a valve is arranged at an outlet; the hydrogen storage tank 8 is internally provided with a magnesium-based alloy solid hydrogen storage material and a heating rod, and a lithium battery auxiliary promoter system provides heating energy to control the heating temperature so as to control the hydrogen storage tank 8 to be in a hydrogen release or hydrogen storage working mode (the hydrogen storage temperature is 380 ℃ and the hydrogen release temperature is 280 ℃); the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1 and the hydrogen storage tank 8 can independently complete the functions of system hydrogen release and hydrogen storage, hydrogen preferentially enters the hydrogen storage tank 8 during hydrogen storage, the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1 releases hydrogen during hydrogen release, and the hydrogen storage tank 8 starts to release hydrogen when the air pressure in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 1 is too low.
The integrated type reversible fuel cell energy system is further provided with a control board 18, the control board 18 is provided with an energy management module, the energy management module carries out system regulation and control, an auxiliary power load and a rapid load change of the lithium battery auxiliary promoter system can be controlled when power generation is started, the integrated type reversible fuel cell stack 5 can be controlled to carry out mode switching, the integrated type reversible fuel cell subsystem can be controlled to stop, and the heating temperature of the hydrogen storage tank 8 of the hydrogen storage subsystem can be controlled to enable the hydrogen storage tank to be in a hydrogen release or hydrogen storage working mode.
The lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem consists of a lithium battery 17, an energy management module of a control panel 18 and an attached circuit, and is used as an energy source for driving each component when the system is cold started and the hydrogen storage subsystem is switched to an operating mode.
The solar energy electrolysis energy supply subsystem consists of a solar photovoltaic panel 19, an energy management module of a control panel 18 and an attached circuit, and the electric energy generated by the solar energy electrolysis energy supply subsystem is converted into the voltage required by the electrolysis of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5. The solar photovoltaic panel 19 is connected to the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, and when the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 is in an electrolysis mode, power is supplied to the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 through conduction of the energy management module.
The integrated reversible fuel cell energy system also comprises an inverter 20 and a switching power supply 21, and the electric energy generated by the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem is connected into the power system after being boosted by the inverter 20 and the switching power supply 21. The input of the inverter 20 is 10.2V-18V wide voltage, the output is 220V, the input of the switching power supply 21 is 220V electricity, the output is 60V, and the power is supplied to a vehicle energy system
The working process of the utility model is as follows:
when the vehicle starts, the lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem supplies power to the electric appliance of the integrated reversible fuel battery subsystem, and the electromagnetic valve 4, the pulse valve 7 and the hydrogen storage tank 8 of the hydrogen circulation subsystem, the air compressor 9 of the air circulation subsystem and the cooling water pump 13 of the cooling water circulation subsystem are opened. At this time, the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem enters a power generation mode for operation. When the control board 18 detects that the output power of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 reaches the level for the running of the power system of the vehicle, the energy management module is switched to the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 to supply power to the energy system of the vehicle, and the vehicle starts running at the moment. When the control board 18 detects that the output power of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 reaches a higher level capable of simultaneously providing energy to the vehicle power system and the electrical appliances of the energy source system, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 is controlled by the energy management module to supply power to the electrical appliances of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem.
When the vehicle is stopped, if the control panel 18 detects that the solar energy has power input, the solar photovoltaic panel 19 can be connected into the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 through the energy management module, the electrolytic water pump 16 of the electrolytic water circulation subsystem is turned on, the electromagnetic valve 4 of the hydrogen circulation subsystem and the air compressor 9 of the air circulation subsystem are turned off, so that the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 enters an electrolysis mode, and at the moment, the energy of the electrolytic water pump 16 and the hydrogen storage tank 8 is provided by the lithium battery 17. After the electrolysis is completed, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 is required to be switched to the power generation mode before the vehicle is restarted, and purging is required at this time. The electrolytic water circulation subsystem is closed by a program of a control board 18, and meanwhile, the lithium battery 17 is controlled to open the electromagnetic valve 4 of the hydrogen circulation subsystem and the air compressor 9 of the air circulation subsystem, so that the residual moisture in the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 is blown out. After the completion of the switching, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 can continue to generate power.
If the operation is required to be stopped, the electric energy continuously generated by using the small load consumption is used for detecting the port voltage of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, after the voltage is reduced to 0V, the electromagnetic valve 4 is closed, the pulse valve 7 and the air compressor 9 are closed, the supply of hydrogen and air is cut off, and finally, the operation of all electric appliances is stopped, so that the system shutdown is completed.
The working principle of the utility model is as follows:
in the starting process, the lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem supplies power to all electric appliances in the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, so that the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 has sufficient hydrogen and air supply, and the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 is ensured to normally generate power; after the integral type reversible fuel cell pile 5 normally generates electricity, the electricity consumption device powered by the lithium battery 17 is converted into the electricity consumption device powered by the integral type reversible fuel cell pile 5 during starting, and the lithium battery auxiliary starting subsystem can be used as a supplementary energy source for rapid load change; when the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 is electrolyzed, the required power supply is provided by a solar photovoltaic panel 19 of a solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem, and meanwhile, a lithium battery auxiliary promoter system supplies energy to part of electric appliances.
The hydrogen circulation subsystem is discharged from the hydrogen storage subsystem through a valve when normally working in the power generation mode of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, is reduced to the using air pressure through the high-pressure reducing valve 2 and the low-pressure reducing valve 3, and is then introduced into the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 after passing through the electromagnetic valve 4 for controlling the opening and closing of the circulation loop. The residual hydrogen after the reaction is discharged to a hydrogen-water-gas separation device 6 through a pulse valve 7, and the separated dry hydrogen is introduced into a hydrogen storage subsystem for storage. When the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem works in the electrolysis mode, the hydrogen inlet electromagnetic valve 4 of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem is closed, the hydrogen and water-gas mixture at the outlet passes through the hydrogen-water-gas separation device 6, the separated dry hydrogen is led to the Chu Qingzi system to be stored, and water is condensed and flows back to the electrolysis water tank 15.
When the air circulation subsystem works normally in the power generation mode of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, air is sucked into the pipeline by the air compressor 9 and enters the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5 through the humidifier 10, wherein the humidifier 10 is connected in a countercurrent mode, the other side of the membrane is connected with an air path outlet of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, and outlet air with higher humidity is used for humidifying inlet air. The air remaining after the reaction enters the air-water-gas separation device 12 through the back pressure valve 11 for controlling the upstream pressure, the separated gas is discharged to the air, and the water is condensed and flows back to the electrolytic water tank 15.
The cooling water circulation subsystem circulates through the cooling water tank 14 and the cooling water pump 13 under the power generation and electrolysis modes of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, and continuously maintains the temperature of the constant-temperature water through the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5.
The electrolytic water circulation subsystem does not operate in the power generation mode of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, and in the electrolysis mode, the electrolytic water pump 16 feeds the electrolytic water pump 16 with the temperature controlled by the electrolytic water tank 15 into the integrated reversible fuel cell stack 5, and simultaneously collects the water separated by the hydrogen water-gas separation device 6 and the air water-gas separation device 12, and returns to the electrolytic water tank 15.
When the integrated type reversible fuel cell subsystem is switched from a power generation mode to an electrolysis mode, a solar photovoltaic panel 19 is connected into the integrated type reversible fuel cell stack 5 to supply power, an air compressor 9, an electromagnetic valve 4 and a pulse valve 7 are closed, an electrolytic water pump 16 is opened, and the integrated type reversible fuel cell stack 5 enters the electrolysis mode.
When the integrated type reversible fuel cell subsystem is switched from the electrolysis mode to the power generation mode, the electromagnetic valve 4 and the air compressor 9 are opened, hydrogen and oxygen are continuously introduced into the integrated type reversible fuel cell stack 5, moisture in the integrated type reversible fuel cell stack 5 is blown out after a period of time, at the moment, the solar photovoltaic panel 19 circuit is cut off, the electrolysis water circulation subsystem is closed, and the integrated type reversible fuel cell stack 5 enters the power generation mode.
The integrated reversible fuel cell energy system is applied to cool black small-sized vehicles (product number: 2019009, land size 1 x 0.5m, rated power of a motor 2.8 kW), the endurance time can reach 184 hours, and the original lithium battery of the vehicle can only provide 10 hours of endurance time.
The previous description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate a person of ordinary skill in the art in order to make and use the present utility model. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be readily made to these embodiments and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present utility model is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art, based on the present disclosure, should make improvements and modifications without departing from the scope of the present utility model.
Claims (7)
1. The integrated reversible fuel cell energy system is characterized by comprising an integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, a lithium battery auxiliary promoter system, a solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem and a hydrogen storage subsystem; the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem consists of an integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5), a hydrogen circulation subsystem, an air circulation subsystem, a cooling water circulation subsystem and an electrolysis water circulation subsystem;
the air circulation subsystem is formed by connecting an air compressor (9), a humidifier (10), an integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5), a back pressure valve (11), an air-water-gas separation device (12) and a gas pipeline;
in the power generation mode of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, air is blown into the system through an air compressor (9), enters the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5) through a humidifier (10), flows out of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5) in a countercurrent mode through the humidifier (10) to humidify inlet air flow, controls pipeline pressure through a back pressure valve (11), and is finally discharged to the air after being separated through an air-water-gas separation device (12);
in the electrolysis mode, the generated water-gas mixture is discharged from the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5), and the gas is separated by the air-water separation device (12) and then discharged to the air;
the system comprises a power generation mode and an electrolysis mode:
when the system enters a power generation mode, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5) starts to generate power, supplies energy to the power system, and the lithium battery auxiliary promoter system is used as a supplementary energy source for auxiliary starting or quick load changing;
when the system enters an electrolysis mode, the solar electrolysis energy supply subsystem provides electrolysis energy consumption for the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, the lithium battery auxiliary promoter system is used as an auxiliary energy maintenance system to operate, and the generated hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage subsystem to realize hydrogen fuel circulation;
when the system is switched from an electrolysis mode to a power generation mode, the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5) is purged through inputting hydrogen and air until the moisture in the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5) is reduced to a content suitable for power generation, and when the high-frequency impedance is used for representing the water content, the high-frequency impedance value is purged to be lower than 200mΩ/cm 2 ；
The cooling water circulation subsystem is formed by connecting a cooling water pump (13), an integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5), a cooling water tank (14) and a cooling water pipeline; the cooling water in the cooling water tank (14) returns to the cooling water tank (14) after passing through the cooling water pump (13) and the fuel cell stack (5);
in the operation process of the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem, a cooling water pump (13) drives cooling water in a cooling water tank (14) to enter an integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5) for cooling, and the power of the cooling water tank (14) is regulated according to a temperature feedback signal of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5) to control the temperature of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5);
the electrolytic water circulation subsystem is formed by connecting an electrolytic water tank (15), an electrolytic water pump (16), an integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5), a hydrogen-water-gas separation device (6), an air-water-gas separation device (12) and an electrolytic water pipeline;
in the electrolysis mode, an electrolysis water pump (16) is started to drive water in an electrolysis water tank (15) to enter the integrated reversible fuel cell electric pile (5), and the water after reaction and generated oxygen are discharged out of the integrated reversible fuel cell electric pile (5), wherein the water flows back into the electrolysis water tank (15) together with the water separated by the hydrogen-water-gas separation device (6) after passing through the air-water-gas separation device (12).
2. The integrated reversible fuel cell energy system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen circulation subsystem is composed of a high-pressure reducing valve (2), a low-pressure reducing valve (3), an electromagnetic valve (4), an integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5), a hydrogen-water-gas separation device (6), a pulse valve (7) and a gas pipeline connection;
in the power generation mode, hydrogen is discharged from the hydrogen storage subsystem, is depressurized through the high-pressure depressurization valve (2) and the low-pressure depressurization valve (3), enters the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5) through the electromagnetic valve (4), and the residual hydrogen after reaction is discharged to the hydrogen-water-gas separation device (6) through the pulse discharge valve (7), and the separated hydrogen is discharged to the hydrogen storage subsystem to be collected;
in the electrolysis mode, the generated hydrogen is separated by a hydrogen-water-gas separation device (6) and then is led to a Chu Qingzi system for storage.
3. The integrated reversible fuel cell energy system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen storage subsystem consists of a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (1) and a hydrogen storage tank (8);
the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (1) is made of carbon fiber materials, high-pressure hydrogen is filled in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder, and a valve is arranged at an outlet;
the solid hydrogen storage material and the heating rod are arranged in the hydrogen storage tank (8), heating energy is provided by the lithium battery auxiliary promoter system, and the hydrogen storage tank (8) is controlled to be in a hydrogen release or hydrogen storage working mode by controlling the heating temperature;
the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (1) and the hydrogen storage tank (8) can independently complete the functions of system hydrogen release and hydrogen storage, hydrogen preferentially enters the hydrogen storage tank (8) during hydrogen storage, hydrogen is preferentially released from the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (1) during hydrogen release, and when the air pressure in the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (1) is too low, the hydrogen storage tank (8) starts to release hydrogen.
4. The integrated reversible fuel cell energy system according to claim 1, further comprising a control board (18), wherein the control board (18) is provided with an energy management module, the energy management module performs system regulation and control, the auxiliary power load and the rapid load change of the auxiliary lithium battery promoter system are controlled when the power generation is started, the integrated reversible fuel cell electric pile (5) is controlled to perform mode switching, the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem is controlled to stop, and the heating temperature of the hydrogen storage tank (8) of the hydrogen storage subsystem is controlled to be in a hydrogen release or hydrogen storage working mode.
5. The integrated reversible fuel cell power system of claim 4, wherein the lithium battery auxiliary promoter system comprises a lithium battery (17), an energy management module of a control board (18) and an attached circuit as an energy source when the system is cold started and the hydrogen storage subsystem switches working modes.
6. The integrated reversible fuel cell power system according to claim 4, wherein the solar energy electrolysis power subsystem is composed of a solar photovoltaic panel (19), an energy management module of a control panel (18) and an attached circuit, and the electric energy generated by the solar energy electrolysis power subsystem is converted into the voltage required for electrolysis of the integrated reversible fuel cell stack (5).
7. The integrated reversible fuel cell power system according to claim 1, further comprising an inverter (20) and a switching power supply (21), wherein the electric energy generated by the integrated reversible fuel cell subsystem is connected to the power system after boosting by the inverter (20) and the switching power supply (21).
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