CN102119642A - Method for grafting citrus sprout by using citrange cuttage stock - Google Patents
Method for grafting citrus sprout by using citrange cuttage stock Download PDFInfo
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- CN102119642A CN102119642A CN2010105898130A CN201010589813A CN102119642A CN 102119642 A CN102119642 A CN 102119642A CN 2010105898130 A CN2010105898130 A CN 2010105898130A CN 201010589813 A CN201010589813 A CN 201010589813A CN 102119642 A CN102119642 A CN 102119642A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for raising seedlings by cutting citrange stock, which comprises the following steps: building and managing a citrange cutting orchard, choosing and building a cuttage field, shearing grain ears and cutting, and managing after finishing cuttage. By using the technical method provided by the invention, the problem of limited resources of citrange stock seedlings can be solved. The method provided by the invention is simple and practical; the operation is easily performed and the operation time is short; the expensive citrange stock is free from being wasted and is fully used after being primarily grafted; the period for raising seedlings is shortened; and the cost is greatly lowered. The technical method provided by the invention also can be used for grafting citrus sprout production.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology.More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of method of citrange stock cuttage and seedling culture.
[background technology]
The method of breeding oranges and tangerines nursery stock has multiple, as grow directly from seeds, press strip, cuttage and grafting etc., still optimum and general with grafting at present, it also is the oranges and tangerines seedling growing process of a maturation.The grafting of oranges and tangerines is combined by scion and stock.Bearing the plant of scion when stock is propagation by grafiting, can be whole strain fruit tree, also can be the root segment or the branch section of tree body, plays set, supports scion, and form plant strain growth, result with scion healing back.Grafting oranges and tangerines stock commonly used has two kinds of Fructus Aurantii and citranges.Citrange is the natural crossing kind of trifoliate orange and sweet orange, fallen leaves property dungarunga partly, well developed root system, prosperous, cold-resistant, anti-lean, the drought resisting of growing, growth of seedling speed, the anti-decline disease of the strain that has.Comparing with Fructus Aurantii, is that the citrus seedling growth of stock grafting is fast with the citrange, robust plant, and the orange tree main root after the field planting is thick, and well developed root system is drought-enduring, more cold-resistant, anti-decline disease, foot rot and nematodosis etc.The tree bulk-growth is fast, and tree vigo(u)r is strong, the result early, the high yield high-quality.And be that the orange tree of stock grafting has blade yellow, unusual fallen leaves, easy phenomenon such as early ageing winter with the Fructus Aurantii, thereby breeding the particularly wide skin orange of oranges and tangerines seedling class at present, all to begin first-selected citrange be stock.
Because the production and supply of domestic present no citrange stock seed needs all from external import, single seeded price is tens of times even hundred times of traditional stock.Need the time more than 8 years to the result behind the citrange planting seed, the production cycle is long.Therefore, although citrange stock advantage is remarkable, using citrange and be stock, to breed the oranges and tangerines seedling very limited at present.
Therefore, in order to address this problem, be necessary to develop a kind of method of citrange stock cuttage and seedling culture, the inventor has finished the present invention finally through a large amount of experimental studies.
[summary of the invention]
[technical problem that will solve]
The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of citrange stock cuttage and seedling culture.
[technical scheme]
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
The present invention relates to a kind of method of citrange stock cuttage and seedling culture.The step of this method is as follows:
(1) foundation of citrange cutting orchard and management
Set up stock tree by citrange planting seed seedling, the citrange seed was sowed in the 2-3 month, and Cheng Miaohou plants into cutting orchard.
(2) selection and the foundation on cuttage ground
Adopt the monomer booth, cover greenhouse film, add the sunshade net, set up cuttage seedbed, ground after the leveling of ground in the canopy, its width is 90-110 centimetre, and 10-12 centimetre of high baffle plate is installed all around, and shop, bottom, seedbed one deck fine sand is in order to draining, seedbed and matrix are in advance with bactericide and insecticide sterilization, with preventing disease and pest.
(3) cut fringe and cuttage
The citrange cutting length is controlled at 4-6 centimetre, 10-12 centimetre of cuttage line-spacing, spacing in the rows 3-4 centimetre;
Matrix is fully spilt before the cuttage permeablely, carry out cuttage then, the cuttage degree of depth is advisable with 3 centimetres, insert water immediately after good permeable, ceiling coverage shading net.
(4) management after the cuttage
Carry out the water management of cuttage seeding stage by stage, begin to sprout during the sprouting behind the citrange cuttage rooting, the weak bud of erasing is continued to employ a healthy and strong bud and is cultivated trunk.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, the citrange cuttage and seedling culture selection early March spring is slotting, summer early June is slotting, or in the early September autumn sowing, cuttage when the citrange stock that grafting is good is cut anvil in conjunction with spring.
According to another kind of preferred implementation of the present invention, the citrange cutting orchard wants that physical features is smooth, irrigation and drainage are convenient, leeward on the sunny side, the gas permeability of soil is good, have a good transport service, and more than soil fertility was medium, the pH value was 4.5-5.5.
According to another kind of preferred implementation of the present invention, cutting medium is 25% vermiculite+75% peat composed of rotten mosses, or clean yellow soil adds fine sand.
According to another kind of preferred implementation of the present invention, in step (3), seedbed and the matrix employed bactericide of sterilizing is 70% pcnb pulvis and 65% Zineb wettable powder mixed in equal amounts or 50% powder of carbendazim, and insecticide is 2.5% chlorophos pulvis or 300～400 times of liquid of dichlorvos.
According to another kind of preferred implementation of the present invention, in step (4), matrix is fully spilt after the permeable 2-3 of showing as hour matrix and is wet and sticking shape.
According to another kind of preferred implementation of the present invention, the sunshade rate of shading screen is 85%.
According to another kind of preferred implementation of the present invention, in step (5), soil relative water content 75-85% before the root of hair, air humidity 80-90%; The soil relative water content 60-70% that root of hair is later, air humidity 80-90%.
To explain the present invention below.
The present invention relates to a kind of method of citrange stock cuttage and seedling culture.The step of this method is as follows:
(1) foundation of citrange cutting orchard and management
Technical method of the present invention is to cultivate the citrange stock tree, utilizes its branch to carry out cuttage spring to summer and autumn, cultivates the stock seedling of grafting oranges and tangerines.After simultaneously also can utilizing the suitable oranges and tangerines kind of citrange stock grafting, wipe out the citrange first half stock during in March, second, utilize the stock of cutting to carry out cuttage, improve the repeatedly utilization of stock.
Carry out the citrange cottage propagation, at first will build up cutting orchard.The citrange cutting orchard should be chosen in that physical features is smooth, irrigation and drainage are convenient, leeward on the sunny side, gas permeability of soil level land good, that have a good transport service or mountain region, gentle slope, and soil has more than the medium fertility, and the pH value is between 4.5-5.5.
After cutting orchard is selected, should carry out ploughing deeply autumn, next spring leveling rake is pressed, and uses sufficient base fertilizer.The cutting orchard fertilising should impose certain nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer based on fertilizer.Described organic manure claims semi supplied manure again, and commonly used have compost, barnyard manure, barnyard manure, green manure, cake fertilizer, river silt, poultry-dung, night soil, a farmyard manure etc.Compost is a material with crop stalk, weeds, cauline leaf, leaf, fowl and animal excrement etc. promptly, piles up layer by layer, and becoming thoroughly decomposed through the decomposition of microorganism forms.Barnyard manure, barnyard manure refer to comprise various livestocks, brutish excrement such as pig, ox, sheep, chicken, duck, and becoming thoroughly decomposed by fermentation forms.
Set up stock tree by citrange planting seed seedling generally speaking.The every 100kg fruit of citrange contains seed 315-410kg, per kilogram seed 4000-5000 grain, every 667m
2Sowing quantity 110-130kg, drilling 80-100kg.The citrange seeding growing seedlings method is identical with the trifoliate orange anvil.After growth 5-6 is individual month, can divide seedling about height of seedling 50cm.In technical scheme of the present invention, the citrange seed was sowed in the 2-3 month, and Cheng Miaohou plants into cutting orchard.
(2) selection and the foundation on cuttage ground
Adopt the cuttage of monomer booth, cover greenhouse film, add shading screen, its sunshade rate is 85%.In order to control air humidity and the soil moisture content in the booth, booth is equipped with corresponding facility, for example watering pot or other sprayer unit.
Set up cuttage seedbed, ground after the leveling of ground in the canopy.The seedbed width can be about 100 centimetres, for example is 90-110 centimetre.10-12 centimetre of high baffle plate is installed around the seedbed, be used to prevent the seedbed with the passing of time to subside or when watering medium of seedling bed leak.Shop, bottom, seedbed one deck fine sand is in order to draining.
Cutting medium requires loose ventilation, does not contain the organic matter that does not become thoroughly decomposed, and does not also contain salt.Commonly used have river sand, vermiculite, perlite, plain sandy soil, rice chaff ash and a sawdust etc.Which kind of matrix all should be totally, uniform particles, median size, and matrix is not generally spread too thickly in the slotting machine, otherwise is unfavorable for that substrate temperature improves, and influence is taken root.In technical method of the present invention, cutting medium can be 25% vermiculite+75% peat composed of rotten mosses, or clean yellow soil adds fine sand.
Endangered by fungi, bacterium for fear of plugged ear, influence is taken root and is survived, and matrix must be sterilized before inserting.Can be earlier with the abundant drip washing bed surface of clear water, with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate spray, consumption is every square metre of 2500-3000 milliliter again, also can spray with other broad spectrum activity disinfectant.
Bactericide can be a kind of broad-spectrum germicide, for example 1500 times 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder agent solution.Carbendazim is a kind of high-efficiency low-toxicity systemic fungicide; tool protection and therapeutic action; effective to Ascomycotina, Deuteromycotina disease fungus, to Mastigomycotina fungi and bacterium unrestraint activity, be used to prevent and treat cereal crop, cotton, rape and other crop multiple diseases.Thiophanate methyl, the common name thiophanate-methyl belongs to benzimidazole, is a kind of broad spectrum activity systemic fungicide, can prevent and treat the various crop disease, has interior suction, prevention and therapeutic action.It is converted into carbendazim in plant corpus, the formation of spindle influences cell division in the mitosis of interference bacterium.The disease of various crop be can effectively prevent and treat, as wheat class, paddy rice, cotton, rape, sweet potato, beet, vegetables and flowers etc. are used for.
The consumption of broad-spectrum germicide can be the suggestion consumption in the described microbial inoculum operation instructions.
The broad-spectrum germicide administration time for example is after the plugged ear cuttage, and being preferably in morning or evening does not have strong sunlight and do not have between the megathermal period.
Seedbed and matrix also need in advance, and use of insecticide carries out desinsection.Described insecticide for example is 2.5% chlorophos pulvis or dichlorvos 300-400 times liquid.Its consumption is the suggestion consumption in the described utilization of pesticides specification.
(3) cut fringe and cuttage
The citrange cuttage and seedling culture can select the early March spring to insert, and summer early June inserts, or in the early September autumn sowing.Cuttage when the citrange stock that grafting is good is cut anvil in conjunction with spring.
The citrange plugged ear is cut into the plugged ear that the 4-6 centimeter length has terminal bud, removes thin and delicate, withered and hypogenetic branch.10-12 centimetre of cuttage line-spacing, spacing in the rows 3-4 centimetre, about mu cuttage 100,000 strains.
Matrix is fully spilt before the cuttage permeablely, carry out cuttage when matrix is " wet and sticking " after 2-3 hour.The cuttage degree of depth is advisable with 3 centimetres, inserts to water after good permeablely immediately, and it is 85% shading screen that ceiling covers the sunshade rate.
(4) management after the cuttage
The quality of nursery bed management after the cuttage directly influences the height of survival rate.The water management of cuttage seeding will be accomplished to carry out stage by stage on request, soil relative water content 75-85% before the root of hair, and air humidity 80-90% helps taking root.The soil relative water content 60-70% that root of hair is later, air humidity 80-90% helps the growth of nursery stock.
Begin to sprout during the sprouting behind the citrange cuttage rooting, the weak bud of erasing is continued to employ a healthy and strong bud and is cultivated trunk.
[beneficial effect]
Technical method of the present invention can solve citrange stock source of seedling finiteness problem, it is simple and practical to have method simultaneously, and processing ease and time are short, does not waste, all uses after can making the expensive first grafting of citrange stock, both shorten growing-seedling period, greatly reduced cost again.Technical method of the present invention also can be widely used in the production of oranges and tangerines grafting seedling.
[embodiment]
Embodiment 1
The step of this method is as follows:
(1) foundation of citrange cutting orchard and management
Select that physical features is smooth, irrigation and drainage convenient, leeward on the sunny side, gas permeability of soil level land good, that have a good transport service or mountain region, gentle slope be the citrange cutting orchard, soil has more than the medium fertility, the pH value is between 4.5-5.5.
After cutting orchard was selected, ploughed deeply autumn, and leveling in February rake is pressed, and using sufficient the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed is base fertilizer.
At seedbed upper seeding wheel citrange seed, seed sprouting is after cultivation can divide seedling to move into the cutting orchard customization when about height of seedling 50cm according to conventional method.Normal maintenance management.
(2) selection and the foundation on cuttage ground
Build the cuttage of monomer booth, and cover greenhouse film, adding the sunshade rate is 85% shading screen.Booth is equipped with sprayer unit simultaneously.
Set up cuttage seedbed, ground after the leveling of ground in the canopy.100 centimetres of seedbed width.10 centimetres of high baffle plates are installed around the seedbed.Shop, bottom, seedbed one deck fine sand is in order to draining.
Cutting medium is selected for use after 25% vermiculite+75% peat composed of rotten mosses is completed the seedbed, earlier with the abundant drip washing bed surface of clear water, sterilizes with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate spray again, and consumption is 2500 milliliters every square metre.
(3) cut fringe and cuttage
Early September gathers the citrange branch and the citrange plugged ear is cut into the plugged ear that the 4-6 centimeter length has terminal bud in cutting orchard.10-12 centimetre of cuttage line-spacing, spacing in the rows 3-4 centimetre, mu cuttage 100,000 strains.
Matrix is fully spilt before the cuttage permeablely, carry out cuttage when matrix is " wet and sticking " after 2-3 hour.3 centimetres of the cuttage degree of depth are inserted and to be watered after good permeablely immediately, and it is 85% shading screen that ceiling covers the sunshade rate.
(4) management after the cuttage
Soil relative water content 75-85% before the seedling root of hair after the cuttage, air humidity 80-90%.The soil relative water content 60-70% that root of hair is later, air humidity 80-90%.
Begin to sprout during the sprouting behind the citrange cuttage rooting, the weak bud of erasing is continued to employ a healthy and strong bud and is cultivated trunk.
The diameter at the above 10cm of the leading thread place (grafting mouth) of the citrange seedling of Pei Yuing is greater than more than the 0.4cm like this, and the grafting that can be used for citrus in autumn in the coming year is used.
Embodiment 2
The step of this method is as follows:
(1) foundation of citrange cutting orchard and management
Select that physical features is smooth, irrigation and drainage convenient, leeward on the sunny side, gas permeability of soil level land good, that have a good transport service or mountain region, gentle slope be the citrange cutting orchard, soil has more than the medium fertility, the pH value is between 4.5-5.5.
After cutting orchard was selected, ploughed deeply autumn, and leveling in February rake is pressed, and using sufficient the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed is base fertilizer.
At seedbed upper seeding wheel citrange seed, seed sprouting is after cultivation can divide seedling to move into the cutting orchard customization when about height of seedling 50cm according to conventional method.Normal maintenance management.
(2) selection and the foundation on cuttage ground
Build the cuttage of monomer booth, and cover greenhouse film, adding the sunshade rate is 85% shading screen.Booth is equipped with sprayer unit simultaneously.
Set up cuttage seedbed, ground after the leveling of ground in the canopy.100 centimetres of seedbed width.10 centimetres of high baffle plates are installed around the seedbed.Shop, bottom, seedbed one deck fine sand is in order to draining.
Cutting medium is selected for use after 25% vermiculite+75% peat composed of rotten mosses is completed the seedbed, earlier with the abundant drip washing bed surface of clear water, sterilizes with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate spray again, and consumption is 3000 milliliters every square metre
(3) cut fringe and cuttage
In cutting orchard, gather the citrange branch 3-4 month and the citrange plugged ear is cut into the plugged ear that the 4-6 centimeter length has terminal bud.10-12 centimetre of cuttage line-spacing, spacing in the rows 3-4 centimetre, mu cuttage 100,000 strains.
Matrix is fully spilt before the cuttage permeablely, carry out cuttage when matrix is " wet and sticking " after 2-3 hour.3 centimetres of the cuttage degree of depth are inserted and to be watered after good permeablely immediately, and it is 85% shading screen that ceiling covers the sunshade rate.
(4) management after the cuttage
Soil relative water content 75-85% before the seedling root of hair after the cuttage, air humidity 80-90%.The soil relative water content 60-70% that root of hair is later, air humidity 80-90%.
Begin to sprout during the sprouting behind the citrange cuttage rooting, the weak bud of erasing is continued to employ a healthy and strong bud and is cultivated trunk.
The diameter at the above 10cm of the leading thread place (grafting mouth) of the citrange seedling of Pei Yuing is greater than more than the 0.4cm like this, can be used for autumn then or spring in the coming year sky citrus grafting use.
The comparative example
(1) sowing
November last year ground is put in order in the nursery, every mu applies the 5000-10000kg farmyard manure and ploughs deeply frozen soil later on.Early Febuary is carried out meticulous whole ground, and applies fertilizer with the standard of every mu of 50kg urea, is ready to sow the seedbed.Mid-February is according to the seeding quantity sowing of per 667 square metres of 35-60kg.Bed surface is suppressed in advance during sowing, seed evenly is spread on the ready seed bed, selects for use yellow soil to cover, thickness of earth covering is generally 2-3 times of seed thickness, water and plastic film is supported to arch after permeable and cover on the seedbed, compress heat and moisture preserving all around.
(2) broadcast the back management
After planting should keep the soil appropriateness moistening, meet continuous arid or bed surface drying trickle in time; Timely draining of rainy day prevents that seed from rotting because of ponding.Running check prevents that covering and booth from being opened by wind.Covering is opened in emerge back choosing cloudy day or gradation at dusk, makes seedling accept sunlight and prevents bending.Seedling easily suffers from damping off, before growing 3-4 sheet true leaf, should reduce water and stop the fertilising.
To in time remove inter-row weed after emerging, strive fertilizer, influence Fructus Aurantii seedling normal growth in case weeds and Fructus Aurantii seedling are striven water.The distance that should keep 3-5cm between the Miao Yumiao.When seedling length arrives 5-10cm, can topdress general every 666.7m in the rainy day
2Spread fertilizer over the fields urea 3-5kg.Repeat again to topdress 1 time behind the 20-30 days rain.
The diameter at the above 10cm of the leading thread place (grafting mouth) of the citrange seedling of Pei Yuing is greater than more than the 0.4cm so then, and the grafting that can be used for orange tree in spring in the coming year is used.
Claims (8)
1. the method for a citrange stock cuttage and seedling culture is characterized in that the step of this method is as follows:
(1) foundation of citrange cutting orchard and management
Set up stock tree by citrange planting seed seedling, the citrange seed was sowed in the 2-3 month, and Cheng Miaohou plants into cutting orchard;
(2) selection and the foundation on cuttage ground
Adopt the monomer booth, cover greenhouse film, add the sunshade net, set up cuttage seedbed, ground after the leveling of ground in the canopy, its width is 90-110 centimetre, and 10-12 centimetre of high baffle plate is installed all around, and shop, bottom, seedbed one deck fine sand is in order to draining, seedbed and matrix are in advance with bactericide and insecticide sterilization, with preventing disease and pest;
(3) cut fringe and cuttage
The citrange cutting length is controlled at 4-6 centimetre, 10-12 centimetre of cuttage line-spacing, spacing in the rows 3-4 centimetre;
Matrix is fully spilt before the cuttage permeablely, carry out cuttage then, the cuttage degree of depth is advisable with 3 centimetres, insert water immediately after good permeable, ceiling coverage shading net;
(4) management after the cuttage
Carry out the water management of cuttage seeding stage by stage, begin to sprout during the sprouting behind the citrange cuttage rooting, the weak bud of erasing is continued to employ a healthy and strong bud and is cultivated trunk.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the citrange cuttage and seedling culture selection early March spring is slotting, summer early June is slotting, or in the early September autumn sowing, cuttage when the citrange stock that grafting is good is cut anvil in conjunction with spring.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that citrange cutting orchard physical features is smooth, irrigation and drainage are convenient, leeward on the sunny side, the gas permeability of soil is good, have a good transport service, and more than soil fertility was medium, the pH value was 4.5-5.5.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the step (3) that cutting medium is 25% vermiculite+75% peat composed of rotten mosses, or clean yellow soil adds fine sand.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in the step (3), seedbed and the matrix employed bactericide of sterilizing is 70% pcnb pulvis and 65% Zineb wettable powder mixed in equal amounts or 50% powder of carbendazim, and insecticide is 5% chlorophos pulvis or dichlorvos 300-400 times liquid.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the step (4), and matrix is fully spilt after the permeable 2-3 of showing as hour matrix and is wet and sticking shape.
7. method according to claim 1, the sunshade rate that it is characterized in that shading screen is 85%.
8. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the step (5), soil relative water content 75-85% before the root of hair, air humidity 80-90%; The soil relative water content 60-70% that root of hair is later, air humidity 80-90%.
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| CN103385089A (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2013-11-13 | 抚州市临川区抚桐果蔬专业合作社 | Seedling cultivation process for Nanfeng tangerines |
| CN103749159A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-04-30 | 马阳扬 | Tangerine stock inarching technique in navel orange planting |
| CN104170657A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-03 | 周景龙 | Citrus grafting method |
| CN104488670A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-04-08 | 福建省永春绿源柑桔苗木繁育场 | Citrus seedling breeding method |
| CN105594463A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-05-25 | 中国农业科学院柑桔研究所 | Method for grafting tender orange shoot |
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| CN103749159A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-04-30 | 马阳扬 | Tangerine stock inarching technique in navel orange planting |
| CN104170657A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-03 | 周景龙 | Citrus grafting method |
| CN104488670A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-04-08 | 福建省永春绿源柑桔苗木繁育场 | Citrus seedling breeding method |
| CN104488670B (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2016-08-31 | 福建省永春绿源柑桔苗木繁育场 | The mating system of citrus nursery stock |
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| CN114938752A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-08-26 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Mango self-rooting stock cultivation method |
| CN114938752B (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-04-28 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Cultivation method of mango self-root stock |
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