CN111436345A

CN111436345A - Cultivation method of tree-shaped alpine rhododendron

Info

Publication number: CN111436345A
Application number: CN201910884126.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈媛; 皮竟; 王远会; 郭航; 王之劲
Original assignee: Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2019-09-18
Filing date: 2019-09-18
Publication date: 2020-07-24
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-18
Also published as: CN111436345B

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cultivating tree-shaped alpine rhododendrons, which comprises the steps of stock cultivation, alpine rhododendron scion cutting garden establishment and management, grafting, management after grafting and the like. The tree-shaped alpine rhododendron adopts lantana as the rootstock, the compact alpine rhododendron is used as the scion, the scion is tightly combined with the forming layer of the rootstock during grafting, the survival rate is high, the vitality is strong, the plant type is good, and the tree-shaped alpine rhododendron can be formed by tightly pruning in later management. The method is simple and practical, low in cost and high in product quality consistency, can be used for large-scale production and cultivation of high-quality tree-shaped alpine rhododendrons, can realize batch localization of the tree-shaped alpine rhododendrons, solves the problem of commercialization of the tree-shaped alpine rhododendrons in China, and changes the situation that the tree-shaped alpine rhododendrons depend on import.

Description

Cultivation method of tree-shaped alpine rhododendron

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. More particularly, the invention relates to a cultivation method of dendriform alpine rhododendron.

Background

The alpine Rhododendron (with the academic name: Rhododendron lapponicum (L.) Wahl.) is a evergreen shrub with the height of 1 m, dense branches, over-ground or straight, and is an important potted flower variety of alpine Rhododendron potted flower.

Therefore, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, it is necessary to develop a cultivation method of the dendriform alpine rhododendron.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a cultivation method of tree-shaped alpine rhododendrons, which is used for solving the problems of difficult batch production, uneven product quality, poor consistency, etc. of alpine rhododendrons in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides a method for cultivating a tree-shaped alpine rhododendron, comprising the steps of:

(1) and (3) cultivating the rootstock:

adopting lantana flower seeds for sowing, transplanting the seeds into a greenhouse after germination for management until the seeds are stock seedlings, then setting the values of the stock seedlings, performing water and fertilizer management, and cultivating for 2-3 years to obtain the stocks meeting the grafting requirements of the tree-shaped alpine rhododendron;

(2) and establishing and managing a rhododendron lapponicum cutting orchard:

selecting compact alpine rhododendron fixed value in a scion cutting garden, paying attention to soil management, water and fertilizer management and pest and disease damage management after planting, and keeping the integrity of the tree form for ear cutting every year so as to ensure the high yield of scion strips and the normal tree form in the later period;

(3) and grafting:

when grafting, firstly cutting off the upper trunk of the stock at a position 1 m away from the ground, flatly cutting one side of the top end of the stock to a cambium, simultaneously selecting a robust semi-lignified young shoot with the length of 10-20 cm from a alpine rhododendron scion cutting garden to be used as a scion, flatly cutting one side of the tail end of the scion at a position 3-4 cm away from the cambium to the cambium, aligning the scion with the corresponding cutting surfaces of the stock to enable the cambium to be tightly contacted, fixing and binding the cambium together by using a grafting material, and winding the scion and the cambium tightly by using a grafting film;

(4) and managing after grafting:

after grafting, the grafting film can not be ventilated, watering is carried out, the relative humidity of the grafted seedling is kept to be more than 90%, shading is carried out, when the scion and the stock callus are formed, after the scion starts to sprout, ventilation is carried out, normal water and fertilizer management is slowly carried out, bud picking and stock shearing of the stock are noticed, and after the scion is lignified, the grafting film can be untied.

Further, in the step (1), the substrate for sowing the lantana flower seeds is sowing type sphagnum, the salt concentration of the substrate is lower than 0.2, and the pH value is 4.5-5.5; the substrate for cultivating the stock seedlings is a substrate special for the alpine rhododendron, and the stock seedlings are watered with water with the pH of 3.5-4.5 in the stock cultivation process. Has the advantages that: the alpine rhododendron likes acidic soil, the substrate for sowing and cultivating the stock seedlings is the acidic alpine rhododendron special substrate, and the stock seedlings are irrigated with water with the pH of 3.5-4.5 in stock management, so that good growth situation of the stocks can be guaranteed.

Further, in the step (1), the substrate special for alpine rhododendron comprises 25% of vermiculite and 75% of grass carbon special for alpine rhododendron. Has the advantages that: the rhododendron lapponicum has high requirements on a matrix, and needs to be acidic except clean, loose and breathable, the pH value is preferably 3.5-4.5, and cannot exceed 6.5, and in the scheme, the special matrix for the rhododendron lapponicum is prepared by processing sphagnum; the pH value of other substrates such as coconut coir, northeast grass carbon and the like is generally higher than 7.0, and the requirements of alpine rhododendron cannot be met.

Further, in the step (1), the bactericide used for sterilizing the transplanted seedbed and the substrate is mixed powder or 50% carbendazim powder, and the mixed powder is formed by equivalently mixing 70-75% of quintozene powder and 65% of zineb wettable powder; the pesticide is 300-400 times of dichlorvos. Has the advantages that: the rhododendron lapponicum is easy to infect soil diseases, so that a targeted soil disinfectant must be selected, and the bactericide and the pesticide have stable chemical properties, are not easy to volatilize, oxidize and decompose, are not easy to be influenced by sunlight, temperature and pH value, have long residual effect period in soil, have good effect on rhizoctonia, sclerotinia, botrytis and plasmodiophora diseases, and are favorable for preventing and controlling soil fungal diseases.

Further, in the step (2), the alpine rhododendron ear picking garden selects the prepared rhizome of rehmannia which has not been planted with the nursery stock within 5 years, and the requirements are that the altitude is more than 1000 m, the terrain is flat, the soil is loose, the soil permeability is good, the irrigation and drainage is convenient, the traffic is convenient, the soil fertility is more than moderate, and the pH value is 4.5-5.5. Has the advantages that: the rhododendron is easy to infect soil-borne diseases and is left in soil for a long time to infect plants slowly, the soil without planted seedlings in five years is beneficial to reducing the possibility of occurrence of the soil-borne diseases, preventing the alpine rhododendron from infecting pythium, sclerotinia, and the like, and is beneficial to good growth and development of the alpine rhododendron.

Further, in the step (3), the thickness of the grafting part of the rootstock is not less than 0.5 cm, the thickness of the scion is basically consistent with that of the grafting part of the rootstock, and the cut surface is basically matched, so that the tight combination of the rootstock and the grafting part can be improved, and the healing can be realized quickly.

Further, in the step (3), the grafting time is from the first 5 months to the first 6 months or from the first 9 months to the first 10 months.

Further, in the step (4), after the grafting is finished, all the grafted seedlings are covered by the film, the periphery is sealed and compacted, the ventilation cannot be realized, the growth temperature of the grafted seedlings is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, the grafted seedlings are watered once every 3-4 days, and the water is not required to enter the grafting opening. By adopting the mode, the rootstock and the scion are tightly combined, the air humidity is ensured, and more meristematic tissues are promoted to be split into cambiums.

Further, in the step (4), when the grafted seedlings are normally managed, 50-300PPM of 20-10-20 water-soluble fertilizer is applied every 10 days, the grafted seedlings are irrigated with water with the pH of 3.5-4.5, and the bactericide and the insecticide are sprayed every half month to prevent soil-borne diseases.

Further, in the step (4), shading is performed by using a shading net, and the shading rate of the shading net is 85%. Through a plurality of tests of the applicant, the shading rate of 85% is finally selected, the general control is convenient, the personnel can easily master, the alpine rhododendron is slightly shady, the shading rate of 85% is favorable for the growth and development of the alpine rhododendron at the initial stage, and the shading rate is slightly shady.

As described above, the method for cultivating the tree-shaped alpine rhododendron according to the present invention has the following advantageous effects: the tree-shaped alpine rhododendron in the invention adopts lantana flower as a stock, various alpine rhododendron varieties mainly selected from compact alpine rhododendron are used as scions, the compatibility of the two is good, genetic materials are expressed, the scions and the cambium of the stock are tightly combined during grafting, the survival rate is high, the vitality is strong, the plant type is good, the tree-shaped alpine rhododendron can be formed by tightly trimming a proper amount in later management, and the tree-shaped alpine rhododendron can be basically formed 3-5 years after general alpine rhododendron grafting as long as the cultivation management is good. The cultivation method of the tree-shaped alpine rhododendron is simple and practical, low in cost and high in product quality consistency, can be used for large-scale production and cultivation of high-quality tree-shaped alpine rhododendron, can realize batch localization of the tree-shaped alpine rhododendron, solves the problem of commercialization of the tree-shaped alpine rhododendron in China, changes the situation that the tree-shaped alpine rhododendron depends on import, and has wide application prospect.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

The Rhododendron delavayi Franch is also called Rhododendron delavayi Franch, and is a kind of Rhododendron in Ericaceae. Evergreen shrubs to small trees are 3-8 m high and can reach more than 12 m at most. The bark is brown, is irregular and flaky, has upright branches, and has gray and fluffy young branches. The single-leaf leathers cluster on the tops of the branches, the leaf stalks are 1-2 cm long, the quilt felt hair is felt hair, the long leaves are round and needle-shaped, the whole edges are microwave-shaped, the leaves are dark green, have no hair and no wrinkles, the back surfaces are light brown, the dense gray to light brown sponge thin felt hair is covered, the flowers cluster is grown on the tops of the branches, the general inflorescence is in the shape of an umbrella inflorescence, 10-20 flowers are provided, and the flowers are large and beautiful with hair. Crown bell-shaped, deep red. Growing in shrub bush or under pine forest at the altitude of 200-3100 m in the cloud plateau.

Rhododendron lapponicum (L.) Wahl is a evergreen shrub with a height of 1 m, dense branches, deep-lying land or straight leaves usually scattered on the top of the branches, leathery, light gray to dark gray green on the top, light yellow brown to red brown below, squashed leaf stalks, inflorescence tops, umbrella-shaped flowers with flowers, flower bud scale falling off, small calyx with red or purple color, wide funnel-shaped corolla, purplish rose to purple color, rare white, filament base with cotton hair, long oval of capsules, flowering for 5-7 months, fruiting for 9-10 months, growing in mountains, orchards, rocky places or marsh areas, producing great northeast Aniline of China, Changbai mountain, inner Mongolia Canada, and American Alaska.

Example 1

A cultivation method of tree-shaped alpine rhododendron comprises the following steps:

1. cultivation of rootstocks

And (3) taking the lantana flower as a grafting stock of the alpine rhododendron. Firstly, collecting mature lantana flower seeds, sowing the lantana flower seeds in a hole tray with 128 holes, wherein a matrix for sowing the lantana flower is sowing type sphagnum moss, the salt concentration of the matrix is lower than 0.2, and the pH value is 4.5-5.5.

Accelerating germination in a germination room, controlling the accelerating germination temperature at 18-22 ℃, controlling the accelerating germination humidity at more than 90%, transferring the germinated seeds into a seedling maintenance greenhouse for normal water and fertilizer management, and generally growing seedlings after 3 months.

After seedlings grow into seedlings, putting the seedling setting value of the stock into a cultivation groove or a cultivation container, giving appropriate water and fertilizer management, wherein the substrate for cultivating the seedling of the stock is a special acidic substrate for alpine rhododendron, the substrate comprises 25% of vermiculite and 75% of special peat for alpine rhododendron, and the pH value of the growth of the lantana flower is adjusted by pouring clear water with the pH value of 3.5-4.5. The bactericide used for sterilizing the transplanted seedbed and the matrix is 70% of quintozene powder and 65% of zineb wettable powder which are mixed in equal amount or 50% of carbendazim powder, and the pesticide is 300-400 times of dichlorvos. When the temperature is high in summer, the water-soluble fertilizer and the controlled-release fertilizer are used by paying attention to proper shading and controlling the growth temperature to be below 35 ℃.

When the lantana flower grows to a certain height, the lantana flower is bound and fixed by using a bamboo pole, the upright state of a stem is guaranteed, the commodity quality of the tree-shaped rhododendron delavayi in the later period is prevented from being influenced, and after 2-3 years, when the lantana flower grows to a certain height (namely the diameter of the stem at one meter is about 0.5 cm), the requirement of a stock for grafting the rhododendron delavayi is basically met.

2. Establishment and management of alpine rhododendron cutting orchard

And selecting compact varieties of rhododendron lapponicum with fixed values in a scion cutting garden, paying attention to soil management, water and fertilizer management and pest and disease damage management after planting, and paying attention to keeping tree form integrity every year to ensure high scion yield and normal later tree form.

(1) The prepared rhizome of rehmannia which is not planted with seedlings within 5 years is selected in the ear picking garden, the elevation is required to be more than 1000 meters, the terrain is flat, the soil is loose, the soil is good in air permeability, irrigation conditions are available, the traffic is convenient, the soil fertility is moderate or more, and the pH value is acidic and is 4.5-5.5. If these conditions are not satisfied, soil improvement is carried out.

(2) And (3) well planning a drainage and irrigation system of the alpine rose and a field road, determining the fixed value quantity of the alpine rose female parent according to the density of 1.5M to 1.5M, determining the area of the scion garden according to the scale of grafting propagation, applying a controlled release fertilizer according to the fertility condition of soil before the fixed value of the alpine rose female parent, and paying attention to soil management to promote the formation of a crown. The scion is collected every year, the tree form is kept complete, so that the high yield of branches and the normal tree form in the later period are ensured, and the branches are prevented from growing vigorously and vain. And attention is paid to intertillage weeding and pest control, the tree-shaped alpine rhododendron seedlings are regularly irrigated with roots to control various diseases, the seedlings are ensured to grow strongly and regularly, attention is paid to observing the growth condition of the cutting orchard at ordinary times, and impurities are removed in time. When the dominant virus symptoms of the parent strain are found, the dominant virus symptoms are immediately removed.

3. Grafting

And starting grafting in the middle ten days of the 5 th month, and finishing the grafting by adopting improved cleft grafting. Firstly, cutting off the upper trunk of a stock at a position 1 m away from the ground, flattening one side of the stock with the top of 3-4 cm to a cambium, selecting a strong semi-lignified young shoot from a alpine rhododendron scion cutting garden to be used as a scion, controlling the length of the scion to be 10-20 cm, flattening one side of the tail end of the scion with the position of 3-4 cm to the cambium, aligning the scion and the corresponding cut surface of the stock, enabling the cambium to be tightly attached together, fixedly binding the cambium with grafting materials, and tightly winding the grafting films, wherein the requirements are tight moisture preservation and full guarantee of the survival rate of grafting.

The grafted stock has to meet the requirements that the diameter of the stock at one meter reaches 0.5 cm, the thicknesses of the stock and the scion are flat cut on the basis of reaching a cambium, the cut surface is smooth and not rough, and the cambium is in close contact with the cambium during binding.

4. Post-grafting management

Grafting alpine rhododendron is preferably completed in a greenhouse, after grafting is completed, the relative humidity of a grafted seedling is kept to be more than 90%, a shading net with the humidity of 85% is covered, the grafted alpine rhododendron is integrally covered by a thin film, the periphery of the grafted seedling is sealed and compacted and cannot be ventilated, a grafted seedling container or a cultivation groove is watered once every 3-4 days, but water does not enter a grafting opening, and the growth temperature of the grafted seedling is controlled to be 25-30 ℃. After the scion and the stock callus are formed and the scion also starts to sprout, ventilation is properly started, normal management can be slowly switched to, 50-300PPM of 20-10-20 water-soluble fertilizer is applied once every 10 days, the pH value of water is adjusted to 3.5-4.5 when clear water is poured at ordinary times, the bactericide and insecticide are sprayed once every half month, after the grafted seedling survives, bud picking and stock shearing are required, and after the scion is lignified, the grafting film can be untied by a blade. Generally, the grafted seedling does not have leaf wilting within about 30 days, which basically indicates that the grafted seedling survives.

The tree-shaped alpine rhododendron adopts the compact alpine rhododendron scion, so that the rhododendron can be formed by trimming a proper amount in later management, and the rhododendron can be basically formed 3-5 years after grafting as long as the cultivation management is proper.

Example 2

1. cultivation of rootstocks

2. Establishment and management of alpine rhododendron cutting orchard

3. Grafting

And starting grafting in the middle 9 th of the month, and finishing the grafting by adopting improved cleft grafting. Firstly, cutting off the upper trunk of a stock at a position 1 m away from the ground, flattening one side of the stock with the top of 3-4 cm to a cambium, selecting a strong semi-lignified young shoot from a alpine rhododendron scion cutting garden to be used as a scion, controlling the length of the scion to be 10-20 cm, flattening one side of the tail end of the scion with the position of 3-4 cm to the cambium, aligning the scion and the corresponding cut surface of the stock, enabling the cambium to be tightly attached together, fixedly binding the cambium with grafting materials, and tightly winding the grafting films, wherein the requirements are tight moisture preservation and full guarantee of the survival rate of grafting.

4. Post-grafting management

The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method of tree-shaped alpine rhododendron is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) and (3) cultivating the rootstock:

(2) and establishing and managing a rhododendron lapponicum cutting orchard:

(3) and grafting:

(4) and managing after grafting:

2. The method for cultivating tree-shaped alpine rhododendron according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the substrate for sowing the seeds of the lantana camara is peat moss of sowing type, the salt concentration of the substrate is less than 0.2, and the pH value is 4.5-5.5; the substrate for cultivating the stock seedlings is a substrate special for the alpine rhododendron, and the stock seedlings are watered with water with the pH of 3.5-4.5 in the stock cultivation process.

3. A method of cultivating tree-shaped alpine rose according to claim 2, wherein in step (1), the substrate dedicated to alpine rose includes 25% vermiculite and 75% alpine rose dedicated peat.

4. A tree-shaped alpine rhododendron cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the bactericide used for transplanting the seedbed and sterilizing the substrate is mixed powder or 50% carbendazim powder, and the mixed powder is formed by mixing 70-75% of quintozene powder and 65% of zineb wettable powder in equal amount; the pesticide is 300-400 times of dichlorvos.

5. The method for cultivating a tree-shaped alpine rhododendron according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the prepared rehmannia glutinosa without planted seedlings is selected in the alpine rhododendron ear picking garden within 5 years, and the elevation is more than 1000 m, the terrain is flat, the irrigation and drainage is convenient, the soil is loose, the soil is good in air permeability, the irrigation and drainage is convenient, the soil fertility is medium or more, and the pH value is 4.5-5.5.

6. The method for cultivating tree-shaped alpine rhododendron according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the thickness of the grafted portion of the rootstock is not less than 0.5 cm, the thickness of the scion is substantially the same as the thickness of the grafted portion of the rootstock, and the cut surface is substantially matched.

7. The method for cultivating tree-shaped alpine rhododendron according to claim 6, wherein in the step (3), the grafting time is from 5 months to 6 months or from 9 months to 10 months.

8. The method for cultivating tree-shaped alpine rhododendron according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), all grafted seedlings are covered with a film after the end of grafting, the periphery is sealed and compacted, air cannot penetrate, the growth temperature of the grafted seedlings is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, the grafted seedlings are watered once every 3-4 days, and water is not allowed to enter the grafting opening.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the grafted seedling is normally managed by applying a 20-10-20 aqueous fertilizer at a concentration of 50-300PPM every 10 days, irrigating with water having a PH of 3.5-4.5, and spraying a bactericide and an insecticide every half month.

10. A method for cultivating a tree-shaped alpine rose as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), shading is performed using a shading net, and a shading rate of the shading net is 85%.