CN109417924B - Rootstock branch-folding single-bud grafting method for Zhongdian rosa davurica and application of rootstock branch-folding single-bud grafting method - Google Patents
Rootstock branch-folding single-bud grafting method for Zhongdian rosa davurica and application of rootstock branch-folding single-bud grafting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The stock branch-folding single-bud grafting method of the rosa dianthus is a complete set of grafting propagation method of the rosa dianthus, seven sisters of rosa dianthus with wider adaptability and applicability are selected as stocks, a branch-folding and leaf-remaining method is adopted, nutrition and power are provided for the growth of the stocks and the sprouting growth of grafted buds by cultivating the vegetative branches of the stocks, and compared with the conventional stocks without branch leaves and 2-3 bud grafting, the grafting survival rate is improved by 28.30-60.25%, and the propagation coefficient is improved by 1-2 times; the Zhongdian rosa davurica bred by the method grows vigorously, can keep the excellent properties of the Zhongdian rosa davurica koidz parent, and has practical significance for the allopatric storage, development and utilization of the Zhongdian rosa davurica.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of plant grafting, particularly relates to the field of woody ornamental plant grafting methods, and particularly relates to a stock-folding single-bud grafting method of a Daoshima rose in a practical technology.
Background art:
zhongdian thorn rose (A. intermedia)R. praelucensByhouwer) is a special species and 'easy-to-endanger' plant of China roses, is a vertical tree-shaped shrub, has gorgeous and rich variation of the flower color, has extremely high ornamental value, is an important high mountain ornamental flower, is popular with local people, and has great development and utilization potential. However, the distribution of the rosa intermedia is narrow, the population size and the population quantity are small, the seed propagation is difficult, and the limit is extremely largeThe protection and development and utilization of the Zhongdian rosa davurica are made.
At present, the propagation technology research of the Zhongdian rosa davurica is still in the starting and groping stage, although the seed propagation technology breaks through, the rate of emergence of seeds is still not high, fewer scions suitable for grafting exist in grafting propagation, and the flattening of the multi-bud scions and the grafting binding operation are greatly influenced by the widening of the skin of the Zhongdian rosa davurica scions, so that the 'bud jumping' phenomenon is easy to occur after the multi-bud scions are grafted, the grafting compatibility with various stocks is poor, the growth healing time of a grafting interface is longer, and the like, so that the grafting propagation coefficient is low, and the protection, development and utilization of the Zhongdian rosa davurica is severely restricted by the weak growth potential and the poor survival of most grafted seedlings.
Aiming at the problem, the invention provides a rootstock lopping single-bud grafting method of rosa damascena, which utilizes seven sister roses (A), (B) and (C)R. multiflora Thunberg var. carneaThory) is taken as a stock, branches are folded by the stock wood, leaves are left, the aspects of grafting period, a single-bud grafting method and the like are improved, the control of grafting environment is combined, the grafting survival rate, the propagation coefficient and the nursery stock quality are improved, and the method has important significance for protecting, developing and utilizing the rosa damascena.
The invention content is as follows:
aiming at the problems in the grafting propagation of the rosa damascena, the seven sisters of roses are used as stocks, the stocks are subjected to lopping and leave leaves, and the grafting survival rate and the propagation coefficient are effectively improved by single-bud grafting, single-bud abdominal grafting and a method for controlling the temperature and the humidity after grafting. The Zhongdian rosa davurica bred by the method grows vigorously, can maintain the excellent properties of the Zhongdian rosa davurica koidz parent, and has practical significance for the long-distance storage, development and utilization of the Zhongdian rosa davurica.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
(1) and (3) stock cultivation management: seven sister roses are cultivated in a greenhouse, grafting stocks with stems 0.8-1.2cm thick and 15-17cm long are selected, 2 or 4 rows of plants are planted in each furrow, the plant row spacing is 15 multiplied by 20cm, one row or two rows of plants are planted by the sides of the furrow respectively during planting, and the plants and the furrow are planted at an oblique angle of 45-50 degrees. Applying 500-800 kg of organic fertilizer per mu of soil before planting, keeping watering once after 10-15 days after planting, wherein the watering amount is based on thorough soil watering, and applying 25-30 kg of fertilizing amount per mu of soil after dissolving compound fertilizer with N-P-K of 15-15-15 every 30-40 days; in addition, 1.8 percent of avermectin 1200-1500 times liquid is used for preventing and treating red spiders and aphids within 20 to 30 days.
(2) And (3) stock bending treatment: when the growth length of the young shoots on the rootstocks reaches 45-55cm, removing leaves and sprouts with the base parts of 30-40cm, folding branches of the young shoots into furrow ditches along two sides of the furrow to serve as nutrition branches, reserving 60-70cm long cuts for the young shoots before grafting for 10-20 days, continuously reserving partial branches and leaves on the rootstocks as the nutrition branches, and providing nutrition and power for the growth of the rootstocks, the healing of grafting openings, the sprouting of grafting buds and the growth of the grafting buds.
(3) Selecting scion and grafting period: in high altitude areas of Yunnan West of Shangdan rose originally produced in Shangdan, the young shoots germinate and grow once in 3-5 months every year, leaf buds on the young shoots grow mature to germinate in the next year by 8 months, and the development difference of the young shoots and buds is large. On the selected excellent plant of the Zhongdian rosa davurica, robust annual branches which are free from diseases and insect pests and have full bud eyes grow on the periphery of the upper part of a crown of the rose, and the annual branches are used as scions; in the grafting period, the last ten days of the month is selected from the spring, and the middle ten days of the month is preferably 8 in summer.
(4) Grafting: adopting bud grafting and single bud abdominal grafting.
Bud grafting: selecting a smooth surface above the lopped stock as a grafting opening, cutting the grafting opening into a length of 2.5-3.5cm and a width of 0.5-0.8cm, cutting a 3-3.5cm single bud sheet from a scion with a little xylem, removing the xylem, cutting the wide and big skin thorn on the bud sheet flat, aligning the cambium of the bud sheet with the cambium on the grafting opening as much as possible, and binding the cambium with a special grafting film.
Single bud abdominal grafting: and (3) selecting a smooth surface on the upper part of the rootstock with the leaves left after the branches are folded, beveling the upper part of the rootstock with a smooth surface, wherein the length of a cut is 4-5cm, selecting a branch with a scion slightly thinner than the rootstock, cutting the lower part of the branch into a scion with a wedge-shaped length of 3.5-4.5cm, inserting the scion, aligning cambiums between the two scions, and stabbing and fastening the bark with a large bandwidth.
(5) Post-grafting management
1) Temperature control: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be between 5 and 9 ℃ at night and between 16 and 24 ℃ in the daytime, and promoting the healing of the grafting opening and the sprouting of leaf buds.
2) Humidity control: the relative humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be 60-75%, and the soil is kept moist.
3) Illumination: the illumination intensity is controlled at 50000-.
4) Stock sprout removal and stock shearing: removing sprouts on the stocks in time after grafting; when the grafted seedling grows to 40-50cm high, the vegetative shoot on the rootstock is cut off.
5) And (3) pest control: the pest control of the Zhongdian rosa davurica is mainly carried out. The main disease is powdery mildew, and the plant is sprayed with 1000-fold 1200-fold liquid of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder once every 10 to 15 days for continuous 2 to 3 times; the main insect pests are red spiders and aphids, and the red spiders and the aphids are prevented and controlled by 1500 times of liquid of 1.8 percent of abamectin 1200-once in the early stage of the damage, and the red spiders and the aphids are continuously prevented and controlled for 2 to 3 times every 7 to 10 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention is a complete set of Zhongdian thorn rose grafting propagation method, and seven sister roses which are widely distributed and applied at home and abroad are selected as rootstocks, so that the problem of incompatibility between the China dian thorn rose scion and the rootstock grafting is solved; in addition, the invention focuses on the method of branch folding and leaf retaining for the rootstock, the nutrient branch of the cultured rootstock provides nutrition and power for the growth of the rootstock and the sprouting and growth of the grafted bud, and compared with the conventional rootstock without branch leaves and 2-3 bud grafting, the invention improves the grafting survival rate by 28.30-60.25 percent and the propagation coefficient by 1-2 times. The invention has simple operation and easy popularization and application.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and all modifications within the scope of the present invention or equivalent thereto are included in the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Stock cultivation management: in 10 middle ten days of the month, planting seven well-grown roses with the stem thickness of 0.8-1.2 and the length of 15-17cm in a greenhouse, planting 4 rows in each ridge, planting the rows at a row spacing of 15 multiplied by 20cm, planting two rows of plants by the edge of the ridge respectively during planting, and planting the plants by inclining the plants to the surface of the ridge at an angle of 45-50 degrees. Applying 500-800 kg of organic fertilizer per mu of soil before field planting, watering once 15-20 days after field planting to keep the soil moist, and applying 25 kg of fertilizer per mu after dissolving water by using a compound fertilizer with the N-P-K of 15-15 every 40 days; keeping the temperature in the greenhouse after the greenhouse enters winter both in the daytime and at night, keeping the temperature above 2 ℃ at night, and keeping the temperature above 10 ℃ in the daytime; 1.8 percent of 1500-fold liquid of avermectin is used for preventing and treating red spiders and aphids once every 30 days.
(2) And (3) stock bending treatment: in 12 middle of the month, when the growth length of the young shoots on the stocks reaches 45cm, removing leaves and sprouts with the base parts of 30cm, folding branches of the young shoots into furrow grooves along two sides of the furrow to serve as nutrition branches, reserving branches and leaves with the length of 60cm for the young shoots, and cutting the rest parts.
(3) Selecting scions: 2, collecting dormant branches which grow robustly and have no plant diseases and insect pests and full bud eyes on excellent plants of the Zhongdian rosa davurica pall as scions in the middle ten days of the month; the collected scions are packaged and transported by a moisturizing material and stored in a cold storage at the low temperature of 2-3 ℃ to prevent the scions from sprouting or dehydrating and dying.
(4) Grafting: the grafting and the operation method are carried out according to the step (4) of the technical scheme.
(5) Post-grafting management
1) Temperature control: after grafting in the middle ten days of 2 months, controlling the temperature at night to be between 5 and 9 ℃ and controlling the temperature at day to be between 16 and 24 ℃ to promote the healing of a grafting opening and the germination of leaf buds; the temperature is controlled below 26 ℃ in the daytime after 3 middle ten days, so that the phenomenon of early growth and false survival of the grafted bud is prevented.
2) Humidity control: after grafting, the relative humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be 60-75%, water is poured once in 7-10 days, and the soil is kept moist.
3) Illumination: the illumination intensity after grafting is controlled at 50000-.
4) Stock sprout removal and stock shearing: 3, timely removing sprouts on the stocks in the middle ten days of the month; and cutting off the vegetative shoots on the rootstocks when the grafted seedlings grow to 40-50cm in the middle ten days of 4 months.
5) And (3) pest control: in 3-4 months, the peak period of powdery mildew, red spiders and aphids occurs.
Powdery mildew: spraying 1000 times of solution of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder to the plants at the early stage of disease attack, once every 10-15 days, and continuously for 2-3 times;
red spiders and aphids: at the early stage of damage, 1.8 percent of abamectin 1200-1500 times liquid is used for spraying and preventing the plants, once every 7 to 10 days and continuously for 2 to 3 times.
(6) The experimental results are as follows: the steps are implemented according to the embodiment, the grafting survival rate and the propagation coefficient are obviously improved, compared with the conventional rootstock without branches and leaves and 2-3 bud grafting, the grafting survival rate is improved by 28.30%, and the propagation coefficient is increased by 1-2 times.
Example 2
(1) Stock cultivation management: and (3) planting the cultivation stock in the greenhouse at the beginning of 7 months, and the rest is the same as the example 1.
(2) Selecting scions: and (3) selecting a new branch of the middle-aged Dahurian rose which grows well as is used as a scion at the beginning of 7 months, firstly, pinching the new branch to promote the new branch tissue to be full and the bud eye to fully develop, and culturing the excellent scion. Collecting the scions 1-2 days before grafting in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, and carrying out low-temperature, moisture-preserving, packaging and transportation after scion collection to prevent the scions from rotting and dying due to dehydration.
(3) Grafting: the grafting and operation method were the same as in example 1.
(4) Post-grafting management
1) Temperature control: the temperature is high in 8-9 months, the temperature is controlled between 12-14 ℃ at night and between 24-28 ℃ in the daytime by shading and ventilating to reduce the temperature, and the healing of a grafting opening and the germination of buds are promoted.
2) Humidity control: watering the grafted greenhouse every 7-10 days to keep the soil moist, and controlling the relative humidity in the greenhouse to be 60-75%.
3) Illumination: the illumination intensity after grafting is controlled at 50000-.
4) Stock sprout removal and stock shearing and pest control: the same as in example 1.
(6) The experimental results are as follows: the steps are implemented according to the embodiment, the grafting survival rate and the propagation coefficient are obviously improved, compared with the conventional rootstock without branches and leaves and 2-3 bud grafting, the grafting survival rate is improved by 62.25%, and the propagation coefficient is increased by 1-2 times.
Claims (1)
1. A method for grafting a Zhongdian rosa davurica is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
(1) stock selection and cultivation management: selecting seven sister roses with stronger grafting affinity with the Zhongdian rosa davurica pall as rootstocks; cultivating rootstocks with the stem thickness of 0.8-1.2cm and the stem length of 15-17cm in a greenhouse, planting 4 rows in each ridge, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 15 multiplied by 20cm, planting two rows of the plants close to the edges of the ridges respectively during planting, and planting the plants at an oblique angle of 45-50 degrees with the ridges; the seven sister rose rootstocks like heavy water and heavy fertilizer, 800 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of soil before planting, water is poured once after 10-15 days after planting, the watering amount is based on thorough soil pouring, and the compound fertilizer with the N-P-K value of 15-15-15 is used for dissolving water and then is applied every 30-40 days, wherein the fertilizing amount is 25-30 kilograms per mu; in addition, 1.8 percent of avermectin 1200-1500 times liquid is used for preventing and treating red spiders and aphids within 20 to 30 days;
(2) and (3) stock bending treatment: when the growth length of the young shoots on the rootstocks reaches 45-55cm, removing leaves and sprouts of 30-40cm at the base parts, folding branches of the young shoots into furrow ditches along two sides of the furrows to serve as nutrition branches, reserving 60-70cm long cuts for the young shoots before grafting for 10-20 days, continuously reserving partial branches and leaves on the rootstocks as nutrition branches, and providing nutrition and power for the growth of the rootstocks, the healing of grafting openings, the sprouting of grafting buds and the growth of the grafting buds;
(3) selecting scion and grafting period: in high altitude areas of Yunnan West of Shangdan rose hip original production, the young shoots germinate and grow once in 3-5 months every year, leaf buds on the young shoots grow mature to germinate in the next year by 8 months, and the development difference of the young shoots and buds is large; on the selected excellent plant of the Zhongdian rosa davurica, robust annual branches which are free from diseases and insect pests and have full bud eyes grow on the periphery of the upper part of a crown of the rose, and the annual branches are used as scions; selecting 2-3 months or 8-9 months in the grafting period;
(4) grafting: adopting bud grafting and single bud abdominal grafting, selecting a smooth surface above a lopsided stock as a grafting opening in the bud grafting, cutting the opening into 2.5-3.5cm long and 0.5-0.8cm wide, cutting a 3-3.5cm single bud sheet from a scion with a xylem slightly, removing the xylem, cutting the wide skin thorn on the bud sheet flat, aligning the cambium of the bud sheet with the cambium on the stock opening as much as possible, and binding with a special grafting film; selecting a smooth surface for beveling and cutting at the position above a rootstock with a leaf left by a single bud belly, wherein the cut is 4-5cm long, selecting a branch with a scion slightly thinner than the rootstock, cutting the lower part into a scion with a wedge-shaped length of 3.5-4.5cm, inserting the scions, aligning cambiums between the two branches, and fastening the branches with a large belt width and a skin prick;
(5) and (3) management after grafting: 1) temperature control: the low temperature and the high temperature can inhibit the germination and growth of the leaf bud of the Zhongdian rosa davurica pall, the leaf bud of the Zhongdian rosa davurica pall germinates and grows at the average monthly temperature of more than 9 ℃, the average monthly temperature in a greenhouse reaches more than 25 ℃ or the daily temperature reaches more than 32 ℃, and Kunming and Shangri respectively germinate and grow at the beginning of 2 months, middle ten days and 5 months; grafting and breeding in Kunming greenhouse in 2-3 months or 8-10 months, controlling the temperature in the daytime at 18-28 ℃, and promoting the germination and growth of leaf buds; 2) humidity control: the grafting survival rate of the rosa davurica pall can be influenced due to low relative air humidity, scions are easy to lose water and die when the relative air humidity is lower than 45%, particularly, the relative air humidity in the open field is only 25-45% in the arid season of 2-4 months in Kunming, at the moment, the relative humidity in a greenhouse needs to be properly increased and controlled to be 60-75%, so that the germination and growth of leaf buds are facilitated, and a small amount of water is watered for many times to keep the soil moist in the stage; 3) illumination: the seven sister rose rootstocks and the Zhongdian rose are both loved by illumination, the sun is more sunny and the temperature is more high in 3-4 months of Kunming, the proper shading and cooling are needed, the illumination intensity is controlled at 50000-; 4) stock sprout removal and stock shearing: removing sprouts on the stocks in time after grafting; cutting off the vegetative shoots on the rootstocks when the grafted seedlings grow to 40-50cm high; 5) and (3) pest control: controlling the disease and insect pest of the Zhongdian rosa davurica, mainly preventing the disease and insect pest, wherein the main disease is powdery mildew, and the plant is sprayed with 1200 times of solution of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder 1000-; the main insect pests are red spiders and aphids, and the red spiders and the aphids are prevented and controlled by 1500 times of liquid of 1.8 percent of abamectin 1200-once in the early stage of the damage, and the red spiders and the aphids are continuously prevented and controlled for 2 to 3 times every 7 to 10 days.
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