CN111433073A - 用于对电动车充电的方法和移动式充电站 - Google Patents

用于对电动车充电的方法和移动式充电站 Download PDF

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CN111433073A
CN111433073A CN201880072330.8A CN201880072330A CN111433073A CN 111433073 A CN111433073 A CN 111433073A CN 201880072330 A CN201880072330 A CN 201880072330A CN 111433073 A CN111433073 A CN 111433073A
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charging
mobile
charging station
battery unit
electric vehicle
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D.许茨
S.赫罗尔德
N.泽特莱
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Volkswagen AG
KUKA Systems GmbH
KUKA AG
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KUKA Schweissanlagen und Roboter GmbH
Volkswagen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/57—Charging stations without connection to power networks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/53—Batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/20—Drive modes; Transition between modes
    • B60L2260/32—Auto pilot mode
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于对电动车充电的移动式充电站以及一种用于对电动车充电的方法，所述移动式充电站包括至少一个电池组单元（4）、用于对所述电池组单元（4）充电的至少一个第一充电接口（5）、用于从所述电池组单元（4）来对所述电动车充电的至少一个第二接口（6）、用于所述移动式充电站（1）的自动化导航的装置和用于接收充电愿望的装置（7）。

Description

用于对电动车充电的方法和移动式充电站
技术领域
本发明涉及一种移动式充电站和用于对电动车充电的方法。
背景技术
电动汽车化的问题是提供足够的充电基础设施以及充电插头到电动车的相应充电插座中的不方便的插接过程。
为了解决这些问题已知不同的方案。因此，例如从US 9 056 555 B1中已知移动式充电机器人，该移动式充电机器人与固定式的充电桩电连接。该移动式机器人可以然后行驶至车辆并且自动化地插接充电插头，其中该车辆然后通过固定式充电桩来被充电。在此，该机人可以直接通过充电桩来被供应电能量或者拥有电池组单元，该电池组单元通过固定式充电桩来被充电。
从DE 10 2014 226 357 A1中已知用于在车辆中的电蓄能器的自动充电的类似充电站，其包括：通信设备，该通信设备被设计用于，从车辆接收车辆特定的数据并且在使用所接收的车辆特定的数据的情况下确定在车辆上的充电插座的位置。此外，该充电站具有充电机器人，该充电机器人包括具有多个接触部的接触头，其中这些接触部与多个电压源连接，其中该充电机器人被设计用于，基于在车辆上的充电插座的所确定的位置来开往充电位置并且在到达充电位置之后将接触头***到车辆的充电插座中并且将接触头的接触部和充电插座的接触部电连接。
发明内容
本发明基于如下技术问题：进一步改善用于电动车的充电过程。
该技术问题的解决方案通过具有权利要求1的特征的移动式充电站以及具有权利要求7的特征的方法而得出。本发明其他有利的构型方案从从属权利要求中得出。
对此，用于对电动车充电的移动式充电站包括：至少一个电池组单元、用于对电池组单元充电的至少一个第一充电接口、用于从电池组单元来对电动车充电的至少一个第二接口、用于移动式充电站的自动化导航的装置和用于接收充电愿望的装置。
本发明的基本思想在于，不再通过固定式充电站来提供而是通过电池组单元来提供用于充电过程的能量。由此，解决如下作用范围问题，这些作用范围问题在机器人到固定式充电桩的受线缆约束的解决方案情况下出现。由此，可以原则上将移动式充电站移动到每个任意的位置、例如在停车楼中的每个任意的位置或者也可以使其在道路上移动。其明显减小对基础设施的需求并且提高灵活性，因为这些车辆并不需要停放在特定设置的位置。
在此应说明，第一和第二接口相同的实施方案是可能的。用于接收充电愿望的装置可以具有有线接口或者空中接口，其中该充电愿望包括该车辆的至少一个位置。但是，该充电愿望也可以已经包含更多信息，诸如所期望的电荷量等。但是，当该移动式充电站已经到达该车辆时，这些数据也还可以本地交换。用于自动化导航的装置例如包括摄像机、激光扫描仪、超声传感器来作为环境传感器以及包括控制单元，以便借助地图来定位和导航移动式充电站。
在一种实施方式中，该移动式充电站具有机器人臂，该机器人臂这样构造，使得能够自动化地使该第一充电接口与固定式充电桩连接和/或该第二接口与车辆的充电接口连接，从而避免手动插接。优选地，该移动式充电站具有多个不同的第一和第二接口，使得更加尽可能灵活地是能够使用的。
在另一实施方式中，该移动式充电站具有至少一个电驱动装置，该通过电池组单元来供应该电驱动装置。由此，免去单独的蓄能器并且该充电站在结构上更简单一些。
但是，可替代地，该移动式充电站也可以是模块式构造的。为此，该移动式充电站具有移动式机器人平台，电池组单元可拆卸地布置在该移动式机器人平台上，其中该机器人平台拥有其他电池组单元，通过所述其他电池组单元来供应该电驱动装置。在此情况下，该机器人平台可以开往该车辆，卸下电池组单元并且优选地借助机器人臂来将第二接口与车辆连接。然后，如果其他电池组单元可拆卸地布置在机器人平台上，那么该机器人平台可以驶向其他车辆并对其充电。否则，该机器人平台行驶回到固定式充电桩并且从那里取来新的电池组单元。
可替代地，该移动式充电站可以具有移动式机器人平台和被动式平台，所述移动式机器人平台和被动式平台彼此能够机械耦合，其中该移动式机器人平台具有至少一个电驱动装置，通过其他电池组单元来供应该电驱动装置，其中用于对电动车充电的电池组单元被布置在被动式平台上。在此，该机器人平台将该被动式平台运送至电动车，借助机器人臂将第二接口***到车辆中，松开该机械耦合并且行驶至其他车辆或者行驶回固定式充电站。
在具有移动式机器人平台的实施方式中，将机器人臂优选地布置在该移动式机器人平台上。
在另一实施方式中，给用于对电动车充电的电池组单元分配冷却装置，以便保证大的充电功率。
鉴于按照方法的构型方案方面并且以其为先决条件地参照前文讲述。
附图说明
本发明接下来根据优选实施例进一步予以阐述。这些图示出：
图1以第一实施方式的移动式充电站的可替代示图；
图2以第二实施方式的移动式充电站的可替代示图；和
图3以第三实施方式的移动式充电站的可替代示图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出移动式充电站1，该移动式充电站具有平台2，该平台具有轮子3。在该平台2上布置电池组单元4，该电池组单元被构造有至少一个用于对电池组单元4充电的第一充电接口5和至少一个用于对未示出的电动车充电的第二充电接口6。此外，该移动式充电站1具有用于接收充电愿望的装置7。此外，该移动式充电站1具有用于自动化导航的装置，所述用于自动化导航的装置包括至少一个控制单元8和环境传感装置9。此外，该移动式充电站1具有电驱动装置10和机器人臂11，该机器人臂能够通过未示出的控制装置来移动。在此，该装置7、控制单元8、环境传感装置9、电驱动装置10和机器人臂11通过电池组单元来被供电。可替代地，也可以设置用于对组件的供应的其他电池组单元。在此应说明，替代于轮子3也可以应用到履带或麦克纳姆轮。
首先，借助固定式充电站12对电池组单元4充电，该固定式充电站例如与交流电网连接，为此，借助机器人臂11来将第一充电接口5***到固定式充电站12的对应的充电接口13中。如果然后借助该装置7从电动车接收到充电愿望，则在该电池组单元4的足够电荷情况下，通过机器人臂11来拔出第一充电接口5并且将该移动式充电站1自动化地导航至具有充电愿望的电动车。在那里，该机器人臂11于是将第二充电接口6***到该电动车的充电接口中。接下来，然后通过该电池组单元4对该电动车的电池组充电。优选地，该移动式充电站1拥有其他控制单元，这些控制单元调节该充电过程（例如充电电流、充电功率、支付等）。如果充电过程结束，则该机器人臂11将第二充电接口6拔出并且该移动式充电站1移动回到固定式的充电站12或者移动至其他电动车。
在图2中，示出用于移动式充电站1的可替代的实施方式，其中与在图1中相同的元素配备有相同的附图标记。与根据图1的实施方式不同，该移动式充电站1具有移动式机器人平台12和被动式平台15，它们经由机械耦合装置16可松开地彼此能够机械耦合。该移动式机器人平台14将具有电池组单元4的被动式平台15导航至具有充电愿望的电动车，其中机器人臂11然后再次将第二充电接口6***到电动车的充电接口中。接下来，该耦合装置16可以于是被松开并且移动式从机器人平台14行驶回到固定式充电站，以便将新的被动式平台运送至电动车或者将其他被停放的被动式平台拖至固定式充电站。因为移动式机器人平台14应该也在没有电池组单元4的情况下移动，其具有其他电池组单元17，该其他电池组单元接管组件的供电并且尤其是接管驱动装置10的供电。
在图3中示出用于移动式充电站1的另一可替代的实施方式，其中该电池组单元4可拆卸地布置在移动式机器人平台14上，这通过双箭头来符号来象征。此外，该电池组单元4具有冷却装置18，该冷却装置也可以在前述的实施方式情况下存在。在固定式充电站处以电池组单元4来装载该移动式机器人平台14并且该移动式机器人平台将该电池组单元运送至具有充电愿望的电动车。接下来，***第二充电接口6并且将电池组单元4从机器人平台14放置在地面上。接下来，于是可以使机器人平台14继续行驶并且接纳新的电池组单元4。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于对电动车充电的移动式充电站（1），所述移动式充电站包括：至少一个电池组单元（4）、用于对所述电池组单元（4）充电的至少一个第一充电接口（5）、用于从所述电池组单元（4）来对所述电动车充电的至少一个第二接口（6）、用于所述移动式充电站（1）的自动化导航的装置和用于接收充电愿望的装置（7）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的移动式充电站，其特征在于，所述移动式充电站（1）具有机器人臂（11），所述机器人臂这样构造，使得所述第一充电接口（5）自动化地与固定式充电站（12）连接和/或所述第二接口（6）自动化地与电动车的充电接口连接。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的移动式充电站，其特征在于，所述移动式充电站（1）具有至少一个电驱动装置（10），通过电池组单元（4）来以能量的方式供应所述电驱动装置。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的移动式充电站，其特征在于，所述移动式充电站（1）具有移动式机器人平台（14），所述至少一个电池组单元（4）可拆卸地布置在所述移动式机器人平台上，其中所述机器人平台（14）拥有其他电池组单元（17），通过所述其他电池组单元来供应电驱动装置（10）。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的移动式充电站，其特征在于，所述移动式充电站（1）具有移动式机器人平台（14）和被动式平台（15），所述移动式机器人平台和所述被动式平台彼此能够机械耦合，其中所述移动式机器人平台（14）具有至少一个电驱动装置（10），通过其他电池组单元（17）来供应所述电驱动装置，其中用于对电动车充电的所述电池组单元（4）被布置在所述被动式平台（15）上。
6.根据上述权利要求其中任意一项所述的移动式充电站，其特征在于，给所述电池组单元（4）分配冷却装置（18）。
7.用于借助根据上述权利要求其中任意一项所述的移动式充电站（1）来对电动车充电的方法，其特征在于，所述移动式充电站（1）被自动化地导航至具有充电愿望的电动车，其中所述移动式充电站（1）在所述导航和接下来的充电过程期间并不与任何固定式充电站连接。
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