CN111345220A

CN111345220A - Improved cultivation medium for planting passion fruit by filling island reef coral sand

Info

Publication number: CN111345220A
Application number: CN202010283836.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 潘青华; 武阳; 姜凤超
Original assignee: Beijing Academy Of Forestry And Pomology Sciences
Current assignee: Beijing Academy Of Forestry And Pomology Sciences
Priority date: 2020-04-13
Filing date: 2020-04-13
Publication date: 2020-06-30

Abstract

The invention relates to a culture medium for planting passion fruit by improving and filling island reef coral sand, belonging to the technical field of field fruit tree culture. The culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by volume: grass carbon: sheep manure: coral sand (3-2): (0-2): (1-2). The addition of the grass peat and the sheep manure reduces the alkaline strength, porosity and salt content of the coral sand, improves the nutrient content of the coral sand and enhances the water holding capacity of the coral sand, thereby achieving the most basic soil condition for planting the passion fruit and meeting the normal growth and development of passion fruit seedlings; the organic carbon content of the culture medium is further improved, the quick-acting K, P is further improved, the growth effect is better, and the indexes of survival rate, longest branch length, total number of branches, flower forming number, fruit setting number and the like are higher than the average value.

Description

Improved cultivation medium for planting passion fruit by filling island reef coral sand

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to an improved cultivation medium for planting passion fruit by filling island coral sand.

Background

Passion fruit is also called passion fruit, and its scientific name, passion flower, is a vine fruit tree of the genus Passiflora in the family of Passifloraceae. The original Brazil south, tropical and subtropical regions; the fruit juice has the advantages of peculiar leaf shape, bright color, evergreen color, elliptic berry fruit weight of 60-120 g, clear yellow juice, moderate sweetness and sourness, unique flavor and high nutritional value; can be processed into fruit juice, jam, fruit jelly, and preserved fruit; the fruit peel can be used as feed and extracted pectin, and the root, stem and leaf can be used as medicine, and has the curative effects of diminishing inflammation, relieving pain, promoting blood circulation, strengthening body constitution, nourishing yin, invigorating kidney, reducing blood lipid and lowering blood pressure.

The most suitable growth temperature of the passion fruit is 20-30 ℃, and plants below-2 ℃ can be seriously damaged and even die; the passion fruit grows best under the condition that the annual rainfall is between 1500 and 2000mm and is uniformly distributed, and the annual rainfall in a planting area is not less than 1000 mm; the passion fruit is full of sunlight, the long-day condition is favorable for blooming of the passion fruit, and the passion fruit grows well in nutrition, much nutrients are accumulated, branches and tendrils grow fast, fruits are early, and the yield is high in a region with the annual day time of 2300-2800 hours; the requirement on soil quality is not strict, the river beach wash land with deep soil layer, soft soil quality and good drainage is most suitable, and the pH value of soil is preferably 5.5-7.5.

The newly planted passion fruit mainly uses nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage to promote plant growth. After 10-15 days of field planting, the root system begins to grow, and 0.5% diluted urea or diluted human excrement and urine is applied; then 5kg of decomposed human excrement or 0.1kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each plant every 20 days. 20-30 kg of farmyard manure, 0.6-0.7 kg of urea, 0.6-0.9 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 1.2-1.3 kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each plant every year. Farmyard manure and phosphate fertilizer are drenched and decomposed and then applied in the ditch before and after spring, urea and potassium fertilizer are applied once a month during the flowering fruiting period, and 0.3-0.4 kg of mixed fertilizer is applied to plants to meet the normal growth and development of passion fruit seedlings.

Coral sand refers to fragments of coral or shell, and its shape and particle size are not uniform. The micropore is rich, the porosity (volume percent) reaches more than 50 percent, and the calcium carbonate sustained-release capsule has the characteristic of sustained release of calcium carbonate and is beneficial to the survival of biochemical bacteria. Filling coral sand on the island with a pH value of more than 8.5; the water holding capacity is poor, and the water content is generally 0.02%; the salt content is high and reaches 0.025 percent, belonging to saline soil; the organic matter content is about 0.5 percent, is similar to weathered desert soil and belongs to grade 5 soil; 0.3% of organic carbon; the content of the hydrolyzable nitrogen is low, the content of the hydrolyzable nitrogen is about 6mg/kg generally, and the hydrolyzable nitrogen is 1/30-1/25 which is the lowest standard of general cultivation soil; almost no active alkaline phosphatase in coral sand, and urease activity of 0.

The filling island reef is located in tropical region and belongs to tropical marine monsoon climate. The sun is irradiated directly for 2 times in one year, the summer weather is in all the year, the summer heat is less due to the adjustment of the ocean, and the annual average temperature is 25-32 ℃; annual sunshine hours are more than 2500 hours; the annual rainfall is more than 2000mm, the annual rainfall is divided into dry seasons and rainy seasons, the rainy period is from 11 months to next year, 4 months is a less rainy period, and the rainy period is from 5 months to 11 months, so that the geographical position and the ecological environment condition of the passion fruit seedling are suitable for the growth and development of the passion fruit seedling. However, the coral sand has strong alkalinity, high salt content, large porosity, weak water holding capacity and low organic matter content, and can not meet the normal growth and development of the passion fruit seedlings when being used as planting soil of the passion fruit, so that the coral sand is subjected to soil quality improvement based on the principle of local materials, and is a key factor for successfully planting the passion fruit.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a substrate for improving island coral sand filling and planting passion fruit, aiming at the factors such as physical structure, chemical characteristics, organic matter content and the like of island coral sand filling, adding grass peat and sheep manure to reduce the alkaline strength, porosity and salt content of the coral sand, improving the nutrient content and enhancing the water holding capacity of the coral sand, so as to achieve the most basic soil condition for planting passion fruit and meet the normal growth and development of passion fruit seedlings.

A culture medium for planting passion fruit by improving and filling island reef coral sand comprises the following components in volume ratio:

grass carbon: sheep manure: coral sand (3-2): (0-2): (1-2).

The diameter of the coral sand grains is less than or equal to 5 cm.

Grass carbon: sheep manure: coral sand 3: 0: 2.

grass carbon: sheep manure: coral sand 2:2: 1.

the diameter of the coral sand grains is less than or equal to 5 cm.

The pH value of the turf is 5.5-6.5.

The sheep manure contains more than or equal to 5% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, more than or equal to 50% of organic matters, and the pH value of the sheep manure reaches 5.0-7.0.

The application of the culture medium in the cultivation of passion fruit.

According to the invention, based on the principle of local materials, coral sand on an original filling island reef is utilized, other improved materials (peat, coconut husk, sheep manure and red soil) are added, 8 groups of culture mediums are respectively arranged, after 112 days of planting passion fruit seedlings, the change of the content of culture nutrients and contrast is carried out, and the survival rate of the passion fruit seedlings and the analysis of 112 days of longest branches, meristematic side branches, flowering number and fruit setting number show that the peat: sheep manure: coral sand 2:2:1 the passion fruit cultivation medium has the best effect. The turf is added into the matrix, so that the porosity is reduced, the pH value is reduced, and the salt content of chloride is reduced; the water content of the culture medium is improved; the organic matter is 13.75g/kg higher than the average value of all the formulas and is 46.28% higher than the average value, the content of the culture substrate alkaline phosphatase prepared by the turf is 48.66nmol/d/g higher than the average value, and the content of the culture substrate urease prepared by the turf is 30.88U/g higher than the average value; the organic carbon content of the culture medium is further improved by the formula after the sheep manure is added, the quick-acting K, P is further improved, the growth effect is better, and the indexes of survival rate, longest branch length, total branch number, flower forming number, fruit setting number and the like are higher than the average value.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the growth of the seedlings of the Passion plants with different formula culture mediums

Wherein A is coconut husk: sand 3: 2; b is coconut husk: sheep manure: sand 2:2: 1; c is turf: sand 3: 2; d is turf: sheep manure: sand 2:2: 1; e is sheep manure: sand 3: 2; f is laterite: sand 3: 2; g is laterite: sheep manure: sand 2:2: 1; h is pure reef sand; the sand is selected coral sand.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

Example 1

Material preparation:

sheep manure: is prepared from fermented pure sheep manure produced by inner Mongolia of inner Mongolia Ceylon union, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are more than or equal to 5%, and organic matter is more than or equal to 50%. The pH value reaches 5.0-7.0.

Grass carbon: pure grass peat produced by the inner Mongolia Hulenbel Union. The pH value is 5.5-6.5, and the pH value is slightly acidic.

Coconut husk: coconut husk fiber powder produced by Wenchang county, Hainan province, is a processed coconut by-product. The volume weight of the coconut husk is 0.10-0.25 g/cm³In the meantime. The pH value is between 4.40 and 5.90.

Laterite: the soil is natural soil which is transported to fill islands and reefs from the third city of Hainan province by a transport ship, and is brick red soil, and the pH value is 6.8-7.7.

Sand: the coral sand is filled after being screened out and larger than 5 cm.

In order to improve the filling of the island coral sand, the following measures are adopted:

(1) digging a horizontal ditch in the test ground, wherein the width of the ditch is 80cm, the depth of the ditch is 80cm, and the length of the ditch is 50 m;

(2) screening coral sand for test, filtering grains with diameter over 5cm, lowering porosity of the planting soil and increasing water holding capacity;

(3) 8 planting matrix formulas such as coconut chaff plus sieved coral sand (sand, the same below) (volume ratio is 3:2), coconut chaff plus sheep manure plus sand (volume ratio is 2:2:1), grass peat plus sand (volume ratio is 3:2), grass peat plus sheep manure plus sand (volume ratio is 2:2:1), sheep manure plus sand (volume ratio is 3:2), laterite plus sheep manure plus sand (volume ratio is 2:2:1) and pure reef sand (contrast) are respectively arranged. The change of the nutrient content and the contrast of the culture medium with different formulas after the passion fruit seedlings are planted for 112 days is shown in table 1; the growth conditions of the seedlings of different culture substrates are shown as A-H in figure 1.

As can be seen from table 1: 7 kinds of culture substrates which are prepared differently reduce the porosity, the PH value and the chloride content of the coral sand to different degrees; the water content and the organic nutrient content of the coral sand are improved. Particularly, the porosity of the culture medium prepared by the turf is reduced by 11.7 percent, the pH value is reduced by 1.25 percent, and the salt content of chloride is reduced by 3.33 percent; the water content of the culture medium is improved by 45.8%; the hydrolyzable nitrogen is 32.22mg/kg higher than the average value of all the formulas and is 26.22% higher than the average value of all the formulas, and the hydrolyzable nitrogen is 145.47mg/kg higher than the average value of all the formulas and is 1510.59% higher than the average value of the control; the organic carbon is higher than the average value of all formulas by 4.6g/kg and 20.06 percent, and is higher than the control by 24.71g/kg and 876.24 percent; the organic matter is 13.75g/kg higher than the average value of all the formulas and is 46.28% higher than the average value of all the formulas, and is 38.59g/kg higher than the average value of the control and 792.40% higher than the average value of the control; the quick-acting K is lower than the average value of all formulas by 0.25mg/kg and 5 percent, and is higher than the control by 3.57g/kg and higher by 302.54 percent; the quick-acting P is 1.2g/kg higher than the average value of all the formulas and 22.10% higher than the average value of all the formulas, and is 3.89g/kg higher than the control and 147.97% higher than the average value of all the formulas; the content of alkaline phosphatase and urease in the pure coral sand is 0, and after different formulas are set, the content of the alkaline phosphatase in the culture medium prepared by the turf is 48.66nmol/d/g higher than the average value, and the content of the urease in the culture medium prepared by the turf is 30.88U/g higher than the average value. The statistics of the 112-day high growth and the number of the meristematic side branches of the passion fruit seedlings planted by the coral sand in different formulas are shown in a table 2.

TABLE 1 variation of nutrient contents of substrate after planting Passion fruit seedlings by coral sand with different formulas

TABLE 2 high growth and meristematic side branch count statistics of Passion fruit seedlings planted by coral sand with different formulas

As seen from table 2: the growing quantity of the passion fruit seedlings planted by the culture mediums with different formulas, no matter the seedlings grow in an extending way or the number of the lateral branches of the seedlings, is larger than that of the seedlings on the control pure coral sand soil. The comparison of the seedling growth indexes and the variance analysis results of different formulas shows that the passion fruit seedlings planted by the cultivation substrate prepared by the turf have higher survival rate, elongation growth, side branch formation, flower formation, fruit setting and the like, the mixture of the turf and the coral sand in a volume ratio of 3:2 is planted for 112 days, the survival rate reaches 100%, the length of the longest branch reaches 165.1cm, the total number of branches is 96, the number of flowers is 7, and the fruit setting is 6, which are respectively 40.85%, 33.54%, 92%, 250% and 200% higher than the average value of the different formulas; and the sheep manure organic fertilizer is added, so that the growth effect is better, and indexes such as survival rate, longest branch length, total number of branches, flower formation number, fruit setting number and the like are 12.86%, 42.85%, 134%, 300% and 300% higher than the average value.

Claims

1. A culture medium for planting passion fruit by improving and filling island reef coral sand comprises the following components in volume ratio:

grass carbon: sheep manure: coral sand (3-2): (0-2): (1-2).

2. The culture medium of claim 1, wherein the coral sand has a diameter of 5cm or less.

3. The culture substrate according to claim 2, peat: sheep manure: coral sand 3: 0: 2.

4. the culture substrate according to claim 2, peat: sheep manure: coral sand 2:2: 1.

5. the culture medium of claim 1, wherein the pH value of the turf is 5.5-6.5.

6. The culture medium of claim 1, wherein the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the sheep manure is more than or equal to 5%, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 50%, and the pH value reaches 5.0-7.0.

7. Use of the culture medium of any one of claims 1 to 6 for cultivating passion fruit.