CN104718951B - Low altitude autumn culture method for Maca - Google Patents
Low altitude autumn culture method for Maca Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a low altitude autumn culture method for Maca. The method comprises greenhouse water culture for seedlings of the Maca, low altitude autumn planting, winter field film covering, spring strong root harvesting and other technique processes. According to the low altitude autumn culture method for the Maca, the Maca can be cultured in low altitude mountain and hilly areas which are below 2000 m, the culture area of the Maca all over the country is significantly enlarged, and the total output of the Maca is improved; by means of the method of culturing the Maca in autumn and harvesting the Maca in spring, a great number of vacant fields in winter are utilized, agriculture land utilization ratio and output value are improved, and meanwhile the problems of crop rotation of the Maca culture and spring market supply are solved; winter field management adopts films to cover the field, the temperature, the temperature difference and the photosynthesis which are needed by the growth of the Maca are increased, the output and the quality of the Maca are significantly improved, and good economic benefit is brought. Accordingly, the low altitude autumn culture method for the Maca has wide utilizing and popularizing value for Maca culture in the low altitude mountain and hilly areas which are below 2000 m in our country.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to industrial crops planting technology field is and in particular to a kind of maca low altitude area autumn culture method, special
It is not the cultural method of the low altitude area maca below 2000 meters of height above sea level.
Background technology
Maca (lepidium meyenii walp.), English entitled maca, is that Cruciferae (cruciferae) is walked alone
Lepidium (lepidium) life in 1 year or 2 years raw herbaceous plant, because effect that it can be matched in excellence or beauty with ginseng is otherwise known as " peruvian
Ginseng (Peru's ginseng) ".Maca mainly using part be root, its root tuber meat, short cone, like radish, exocuticle is in often
The multiple colors such as yellow, white and purple, do not contain only abundant carbohydrate, protein, several amino acids, unsaturated lipid
Fat acid (linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid), several mineral materials (k, ca, fe, zn) and multivitamin (vb1, vb2, vb3, vb6,
Vb12 and vc) etc. nutriment, also contain uniqueness active ingredient macamides (macamide) and agate card alkene
(maceaene), and glucosinolate and its benzyl isothiocyanate (glucosinolates) and sterols isoreactivity material, its
Middle macamides and Ma Ka alkene are considered to have the effect promoting sexual function.Modern medical science proves, maca is nutritious,
Can eat, can be used as medicine again, have enhancing body immunity, quickly regain one's strength, dispelling fatigue the effects such as, there is regulation simultaneously
Hormone, strengthen fertility and the function of improving memory, can also be to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, hepatopathy and tumour etc.
Multiple diseases play prevention or therapeutic action.
The andes region that more than 3500 meters of state of maca original South America Peru height above sea level, China started to maca from calendar year 2001
Artificial introducing and planting studied.At present, there are the cultivation success of certain area, the cultivation side being adopted in Yunnan, Xinjiang etc.
Method is all selected at the high altitude localities of more than 2500 meters of height above sea level, and is all by the way of spring plantation, autumn and winter harvest.This
Method is there is the problem that (1) maca can only be in 2500 meters of High aititude (>) area plantation, and China high altitude localities preferential species
The land resource planting maca is limited, has had a strong impact on the expansion of China's maca cultivated area and the raising of total output；(2) do not solve
Maca harvests supply of material problem in the plantation of low altitude area (< 2000 meters) autumn, spring, and low altitude area soil of substantial amounts of winter is not busy
Put, land utilization ratio and the output value are low, be unfavorable for expansion and the output increased of China's maca cultivated area；(3) do not solve maca to plant
Training needs the problem of crop rotation.
Chinese patent cn102090245a discloses " cultural method of plant Maca ", and (China Patent No. is
201010516199.5), this patent plants maca, 3200 m Above Sea-level in Ti Zinapu township of Xinjiang TAXKORGAN county, and March educates
Seedling, the 4-5 month plants, and October harvests.Chinese patent cn103039264a discloses " a kind of Efficient maca cultivation method ", and (China is specially
Profit number is 201310044434.7), this patent April nursery, June plants, and December harvests.Chinese patent cn102884935a is open
" plant Maca is in the implantation methods compared with low altitude area ", this patent plantation maca height above sea level is 2600-3600 rice, May
Transplant, December harvests.Although these patents provide maca in 2500 meters of High aititude (>) regional spring plantation, autumn and winter harvest
Method, but fail to solve the problems, such as that maca harvested in low altitude area (< 2000 meters) regional autumn plantation, spring.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is the problem existing for prior art, provides one kind can be in low altitude area (< 2000 meters) area
Autumn plantation, spring harvest the efficient cultivation method of maca.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of maca low altitude area autumn culture method, including maca booth water planting nursery, the plantation of low altitude area autumn, winter field
Between film cover and spring strengthen root harvesting.
Low altitude area described in said method is less than 2000 meters.
In said method, maca booth water planting seedling raise period is the 6-8 month, and it is August-October that autumn transplants implantation time, spring
Harvest time is March-April.
Maca booth water planting seedling raising process described in said method: maca seedlings nursing plate has bottom outlet, sows rearmounted booth water
In pond, depth of water 2-3cm, add hydrogen peroxide in water, hydrogen peroxide concentration is 1-5mmol/l；In booth, day temperature is maintained at 20-28
DEG C, night temperatures are maintained at 18-20 DEG C, and humidity is 75-80%；Start within 7-10 days to emerge, when seedling leaf grow to 5-6cm long when carry out
First time cutting seedlings, first 2 days tank water of cutting seedlings drop to below 1cm deeply, and level cuts off every Miao Ye top 1/3, the no seedling injury heart, cutting seedlings
Recover pond depth of water 2-3cm after 3 days；When seedling leaf grow to 8-10cm long when carry out second cutting seedlings, in 2 angel ponds before cutting seedlings
The depth of water drops to below 1cm, and using mechanical cutting seedlings, level cuts off every Miao Ye top 1/3, does not injure the seedling heart, 3 days after cutting seedlings, extensive
Rehydration water depth 2-3cm, emerges after keeping 3-5 days, balled transplanting.
Above-mentioned maca booth water planting seedling raising process loads seedling nutritious soil in seedlings nursing plate, and group is divided into peat: farm manure: leech
Stone: perlite mass ratio=2:2:1:1, vibration tamp；It is then covered by one layer of seedling nutritious soil, thickness 0.2-0.5cm.Seedlings nursing plate
Length and width 40-50cm × 80-100cm, hole is arranged at bottom；Seedling disk point number 100-200, cave depth 5-6cm, every bunch planting kind 1-3 grain.
The area plantation maca that height above sea level is less than 2000 meters, smooth cultivated land is selected, soil ph value is in said method
5.2-7.5, carries out to land for growing field crops ploughing deeply for the first time before transplanting 1-1.5 month tanning by the sun, is turned over for the second time, turn over for the second time before transplanting
Before ploughing, every mu applies humic acid former powder 400kg mixing 2000kg well-rotted farmyard manure, then the hydrogen peroxide 100l being 30% with concentration is dilute
Carry out soil disinfection after releasing 3000 times；Then sun the earth which has been ploughed up, hack, rake, ridging, ridge face is trapezoidal, wide 60-80cm, ridge above ridge
Bottom width 70-90cm, the high 20cm in ridge, furrow 20cm；Every ridge kind 3-4 row, seeding row spacing 15-18cm × 20cm, every mu of planting density is
Ten thousand plants of 0.8-1.2；Soil is carried, the seedling heart exposes soil layer, surrounding soil compression, then irrigates root water during transplanting.
In said method, maca winter field management adopts the time that film covers is December, January and 2 months, and works as minimum gas
When temperature is less than 6 DEG C；The mode covering is that white covering with ground sheeting, black film mulching or Small plastic shed film cover.Using covering with ground sheeting
Ridge face, draws " cross " edge of a knife in maca plant position on mulch film, maca plant is taken out from " cross " edge of a knife, then
A small amount of soil pressure is covered on the edge of a knife tight, to increase temperature, the temperature difference, promote maca growth.
In said method, spring strengthens root and harvests, and leaf is beaten in pinching in 8-10 days before excavation maca, removes the main heart of maca, destroys agate
The leaf of coffee main heart periphery 1/2 number, promotes root tuber to expand.
Compared with traditional cultivation method, maca low altitude area autumn culture method of the present invention, have the advantage that
1. the present invention is due to can be significantly expanded maca complete in low altitude area (< 2000 meters) hilly area cultivation maca
The region of state's cultivation, increases substantially for national maca total output and provides technical guarantee；
2. the method due to harvesting maca using autumn culture, spring for the present invention, make use of the vacant field in a large amount of winters, improves
China's the exploitation of agricultural land and the output value, solve maca needs crop rotation and spring market supply of material problem simultaneously；
3. the present invention covered due to maca winter field management film in different ways (white mulch film, black mulch film or
Small plastic shed agricultural film), increased temperature, the temperature difference and the photosynthesis of maca growth, improve maca yield and quality.
4. the present invention changes common upland nursery in grow seedling link is water planting nursery, controls seed plate draft, keeps
Matrix moistens, and through secondary cutting seedlings, promotes seedlings root growth, has ensured high-quality strong sprout；8-10 days before spring harvests, to agate
Leaf is beaten in coffee pinching, promotes maca root tuber and expands, improve effective component in Maka content, reaches increasing both production and income purpose.
5. low altitude area hilly area plantation maca below 2000 meters of height above sea level for the present invention, yield is high, quality is excellent: average
Every mu of maca yield reaches 467 kilograms, and active ingredient macamide and maca ene content reach 0.62% hence it is evident that planting higher than tradition
The maca (table 1) of training.Therefore, the present invention has unique in China's low altitude area (< 2000 meters) regional culture maca and widely pushes away
Wide value.
Table 1. maca traditional cultivation method and the inventive method Contrast on effect
Specific embodiment
The present invention cultivates maca in Xiangxi the Tujia and Miao nationalities autonomous prefecture, this state geographical position be 27 ° 44.5 ' of north latitude-
29 ° 38 ', 109 ° 10 ' -110 ° 22.5 ' of east longitude, 1736.5 meters of highest height above sea level, 97.1 meters of minimum height above sea level, 800 meters of mean sea level；Should
Local climate belongs to middle subtropical zone mountain area monsoon moist climate, 15-16.9 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, has the characteristics that cool in summer and warm in winter, soil
Earth subacidity.The particular content of the present invention is described, without forming limitation of the present invention with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of present invention maca low altitude area autumn culture method, methods described includes maca booth water planting nursery, low altitude area
Autumn transplants, winter field film covers and spring strengthens the sport technique segments such as root results, and each link technical essential is as follows:
1st, booth water planting nursery: 6-8 month seed seedling-raising, in seed plate load seedling nutritious soil (peat: farm manure: vermiculite:
Perlite mass ratio=2:2:1:1), vibration tamp；Seed plate length and width 40-50cm × 80-100cm, hole is arranged at bottom；Seedling disk point number
100-200, cave depth 5-6cm, every bunch planting kind 1-3 grain, it is then covered by one layer of seedling nutritious soil, thickness 0.2-0.5cm, by seed plate
It is placed in booth pond, pond depth of water 2-3cm；Add the hydrogen peroxide of food-grade in pond, concentration is 1-5mmol/l；Greatly
In canopy, day temperature is maintained at 20-28 DEG C, and night temperatures are maintained at 18-20 DEG C, and humidity is 75-80%；Start within 7-10 days to emerge,
Carry out first time cutting seedlings when seedling leaf grows to 5-6cm, in 2 angel ponds before cutting seedlings, the depth of water drops to below 1cm, using mechanical shear
Seedling, level cuts off Miao Ye top 1/3rd, does not injure the seedling bud heart, 3 days after cutting seedlings, recovers pond depth of water 2-3cm；Work as Miao Yechang
To carrying out second cutting seedlings during 8-10cm, in 2 angel ponds before cutting seedlings, the depth of water drops to below 1cm, using mechanical cutting seedlings, level
Cut off Miao Ye top 1/3rd, do not injure the seedling bud heart, 3 days after cutting seedlings, recover pond depth of water 2-3cm, go out after keeping 3-5 days
Seedling, balled transplanting.
2nd, low altitude area autumn transplants: selects the Hills plantation maca of 350 meters of height above sea level, transplanting time is under August
Ten days；200 mu of smooth cultivated land, soil ph value is 5.2-7.1, before transplanting, is turned over twice in land for growing field crops, and early August carries out first time
Plough deeply and tan by the sun, late August turns over for the second time, turning over for the second time first every mu applies humic acid former powder 400kg mixing 2000kg and become thoroughly decomposed
Carry out soil disinfection after farm manure, then 3000 times of hydrogen peroxide 100l dilution being 30% with concentration；Then sun the earth which has been ploughed up, hack, rake,
Ridging, ridge face is trapezoidal, wide 60cm, ridge bottom width 70cm, the high 20cm in ridge, furrow 20cm above ridge；Every ridge kind 3 row, seeding row spacing 15-
18cm × 20cm, every mu of planting density is ten thousand plants of 0.8-1.2；Carry soil during transplanting, just accomplishing seedling, the seedling heart exposes soil layer, surrounding soil
Earth is compacted, and then irrigates root water.
3rd, winter field film cover: December, January and 2 months when the lowest temperature be less than 6 DEG C when, using black film mulching ridge
Face, on mulch film according to maca plant seeding row spacing size draw " cross " edge of a knife, the edge of a knife is long 4-6 centimetre, by maca plant from
Take out in " cross " edge of a knife, then a small amount of soil pressure is covered on the edge of a knife tight, to increase temperature, the temperature difference, promotion maca growth.
4th, spring strengthens root and harvests: March harvests maca, and leaf is beaten in pinching in 8-10 days before excavation maca, removes the main heart of maca, beats
Fall maca periphery leaf 1/2nd, promote root tuber to expand.Average root tuber weighs 45 grams, maximum 101 grams, 460 kilograms of per mu yield,
Effective component in Maka macamide and maca ene content are 0.60% hence it is evident that being higher than the maca of tradition plantation.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of present invention maca low altitude area autumn culture method, methods described includes maca booth water planting nursery, low altitude area
Autumn transplants, winter field film covers and spring strengthens the sport technique segments such as root results, and each link technical essential is as follows:
1st, booth water planting nursery: with embodiment 1.
2nd, low altitude area autumn transplants: selects the Hills plantation maca of 500 meters of height above sea level, transplanting time is in September
Ten days；200 mu of smooth cultivated land, soil ph value is 5.5-7.5, before transplanting, is turned over twice in land for growing field crops, and early August carries out first time
Plough deeply and tan by the sun, early September turns over for the second time, turning over for the second time first every mu applies humic acid former powder 400kg mixing 2000kg and become thoroughly decomposed
Carry out soil disinfection after farm manure, then 3000 times of hydrogen peroxide 100l dilution being 30% with concentration；Then sun the earth which has been ploughed up, hack, rake,
It is furrow, furrow face width 80cm, the high 20cm of furrow, furrow width 20cm；Every furrow kind 4 row, seeding row spacing 15-18cm × 20cm, every mu of planting density
For ten thousand plants of 0.8-1.2；Carry soil during transplanting, just accomplish seedling, the seedling heart exposes soil layer, surrounding soil compression, then irrigates root water.
3rd, winter field film cover: December, January and 2 months when the lowest temperature be less than 6 DEG C when, using white covering with ground sheeting furrow
Face, on mulch film according to maca plant seeding row spacing size draw " cross " edge of a knife, the edge of a knife is long 4-6 centimetre, by maca plant from
Take out in " cross " edge of a knife, then a small amount of soil pressure is covered on the edge of a knife tightly, to increase temperature, the temperature difference and to add lustre to, promote maca
Growth.
4th, spring strengthens root and harvests: April harvests maca, and leaf is beaten in pinching in 8-10 days before excavation maca, removes the main heart of maca, beats
Fall maca periphery leaf 1/2nd, promote root tuber to expand.Average root tuber weighs 50 grams, maximum 112 grams, 510 kilograms of per mu yield,
Effective component in Maka macamide and maca ene content are 0.64%, are significantly higher than the maca of tradition plantation.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of present invention maca low altitude area autumn culture method, methods described includes maca booth water planting nursery, low altitude area
Autumn transplants, winter field film covers and spring strengthens the sport technique segments such as root results, and each link technical essential is as follows:
1st, booth water planting nursery: with embodiment 1.
2nd, low altitude area autumn transplants: selects the Hills plantation maca of 1200 meters of height above sea level, transplanting time is October
The middle ten days；100 mu of smooth cultivated land, soil ph value is 5.6-7.2, before transplanting, is turned over twice in land for growing field crops, early September carries out first
Secondary ploughing deeply is tanned by the sun, and mid-October turns over for the second time, and turning over for the second time first every mu, it is rotten to apply humic acid former powder 400kg mixing 2000kg
Carry out soil disinfection after ripe farm manure, then 3000 times of hydrogen peroxide 100l dilution being 30% with concentration；Then sun the earth which has been ploughed up, hack, rake
Flat, it is furrow, furrow face width 80cm, the high 20cm of furrow, furrow width 20cm；Every furrow kind 4 row, seeding row spacing 15-18cm × 20cm, every mu of plantation is close
Spend for ten thousand plants of 0.8-1.2；Carry soil during transplanting, just accomplish seedling, the seedling heart exposes soil layer, surrounding soil compression, then irrigates root water.
3rd, winter field film cover: December, January and 2 months when the lowest temperature be less than 6 DEG C when, furrow face plastic covering Small plastic shed,
Small plastic shed curves the dome-shaped skeleton of height 0.8-1.0 rice with bamboo chip for material, covers agripast thin on dome-shaped skeleton
Film, agricultural film is compressed in fact with ditch soil by canopy both sides, and canopy two ends brick or stone will be tight for agricultural film pressure, to increase temperature, the temperature difference, promote agate
Coffee grows.
4th, spring strengthens root and harvests: April harvests maca, and leaf is beaten in pinching in 8-10 days before excavation maca, removes the main heart of maca, beats
Fall maca periphery leaf 1/2nd, promote root tuber to expand.Average root tuber weighs 43 grams, maximum 84 grams, 430 kilograms of per mu yield,
Effective component in Maka macamide and maca ene content are 0.63% hence it is evident that being higher than the maca of tradition plantation.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of maca low altitude area autumn culture method is it is characterised in that include maca booth water planting nursery, low altitude area autumn kind
Plant, winter field film covers and spring strengthens root harvesting；
Described maca booth water planting seedling raising process: maca seedlings nursing plate has bottom outlet, sows in rearmounted booth pond, depth of water 2-3cm,
Hydrogen peroxide is added, hydrogen peroxide concentration is 1-5mmol/l in water；In booth, day temperature is maintained at 20-28 DEG C, and night temperatures keep
At 18-20 DEG C, humidity is 75-80%；Start within 7-10 days to emerge, when seedling leaf grow to 5-6cm long when carry out first time cutting seedlings, cutting seedlings
Tank water drops to below 1cm deeply within first 2 days, and level cuts off every Miao Ye top 1/3, the no seedling injury heart, and cutting seedlings recovered tank water after 3 days
Deep 2-3cm；When seedling leaf grow to 8-10cm long when carry out second cutting seedlings, in 2 angel ponds before cutting seedlings the depth of water drop to 1cm with
Under, using mechanical cutting seedlings, level cuts off every Miao Ye top 1/3, does not injure the seedling heart, 3 days after cutting seedlings, recovers pond depth of water 2-
3cm, emerges after keeping 3-5 days, balled transplanting.
2. maca low altitude area autumn culture method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described low altitude area is less than
2000 meters.
3. maca low altitude area autumn culture method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that during maca booth water planting nursery
Between be the 6-8 month, autumn transplant implantation time be August-October, spring harvest time be March-April.
4. maca low altitude area autumn culture method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that load nursery in seedlings nursing plate
Nutrition Soil, group is divided into peat: farm manure: vermiculite: perlite mass ratio=2:2:1:1, vibration tamp；It is then covered by one layer of nursery
Nutrition Soil, thickness 0.2-0.5cm.
5. maca low altitude area autumn culture method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that seedlings nursing plate length and width 40-50cm
× 80-100cm, hole is arranged at bottom；Seedling disk point number 100-200, cave depth 5-6cm, every bunch planting kind 1-3 grain.
6. the maca low altitude area autumn culture method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 is it is characterised in that select height above sea level
Area plantation maca less than 2000 meters, smooth cultivated land, soil ph value is 5.2-7.5, before transplanting 1-1.5 month, land for growing field crops is carried out
Plough deeply for the first time and tan by the sun, turned over for the second time before transplanting, turn over for the second time first every mu and apply humic acid former powder 400kg mixing
Carry out soil disinfection after 2000kg well-rotted farmyard manure, then 3000 times of hydrogen peroxide 100l dilution being 30% with concentration；Then sun the earth which has been ploughed up,
Hack, rakes, ridging, and ridge face is trapezoidal, wide 60-80cm, ridge bottom width 70-90cm, the high 20cm in ridge, furrow 20cm above ridge；Often
Ridge kind 3-4 row, seeding row spacing 15-18cm × 20cm, every mu of planting density is ten thousand plants of 0.8-1.2；Soil is carried, the seedling heart exposes soil during transplanting
Layer, surrounding soil compression, then irrigate root water.
7. the maca low altitude area autumn culture method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 is it is characterised in that maca winter field
Management is December, January and 2 months using the time that film covers, and when the lowest temperature is less than 6 DEG C；The mode covering is white ground
Film covers, black film mulching or Small plastic shed film cover.
8. maca low altitude area autumn culture method according to claim 7 it is characterised in that adopt covering with ground sheeting ridge face,
On mulch film, " cross " edge of a knife is drawn in maca plant position, maca plant is taken out from " cross " edge of a knife, then in the edge of a knife
The a small amount of soil pressure of upper covering is tight, to increase temperature, the temperature difference, promotes maca growth.
9. the maca low altitude area autumn culture method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 is it is characterised in that spring strong root is received
Obtain, leaf is beaten in pinching in 8-10 days before excavation maca, removes the main heart of maca, destroys the leaf of maca main heart periphery 1/2 number, promotes block
Root expands.
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| CN102090245A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-06-15 | 朱晓西 | Cultivation method for plant Maca |
| CN102498892A (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2012-06-20 | 云南南药医药发展有限公司 | Seed-reserving method for plant maca |
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| CN102090245A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-06-15 | 朱晓西 | Cultivation method for plant Maca |
| CN102498892A (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2012-06-20 | 云南南药医药发展有限公司 | Seed-reserving method for plant maca |
| CN103650886A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-03-26 | 丽江玛咖生物科技有限公司 | Lepidium meyenii planting method |
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