CN111280317A - Functional additive, preparation method and application thereof, and lactating ewe feed containing functional additive - Google Patents
Functional additive, preparation method and application thereof, and lactating ewe feed containing functional additive Download PDFInfo
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- CN111280317A CN111280317A CN202010175354.5A CN202010175354A CN111280317A CN 111280317 A CN111280317 A CN 111280317A CN 202010175354 A CN202010175354 A CN 202010175354A CN 111280317 A CN111280317 A CN 111280317A
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- functional additive
- functional
- fatty acid
- core material
- chain fatty
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- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229940053200 antiepileptics fatty acid derivative Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- CIRHMZHRSIZIGV-SYSSTCGWSA-L calcium;(9z,12z,15z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O CIRHMZHRSIZIGV-SYSSTCGWSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- FMGSKLZLMKYGDP-USOAJAOKSA-N dehydroepiandrosterone Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CC=C21 FMGSKLZLMKYGDP-USOAJAOKSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000009421 Myristica fragrans Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001702 nutmeg Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- HRBZRZSCMANEHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;hexadecanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HRBZRZSCMANEHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005913 Maltodextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940035034 maltodextrin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000270834 Myristica fragrans Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 241000283903 Ovis aries Species 0.000 abstract description 16
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000498779 Myristica Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 34
- 210000004767 rumen Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000283898 Ovis Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- TWJNQYPJQDRXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanobenzohydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C#N TWJNQYPJQDRXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000020939 nutritional additive Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000003165 abomasum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037358 bacterial metabolism Effects 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000001198 duodenum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005996 Blood meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000000626 Daucus carota Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002767 Daucus carota Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010058314 Dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000334160 Isatis Species 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021360 Myristic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021319 Palmitoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010033799 Paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014590 basal diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-palmitoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012173 estrus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008175 fetal development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003754 fetus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002955 immunomodulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121354 immunomodulator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005481 linolenic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021243 milk fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016087 ovulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a functional additive, a preparation method and application thereof, and a lactating ewe feed containing the functional additive, wherein the functional additive comprises 35-70% of a functional core material and 30-65% of a wall material by taking the total mass of the functional additive as 100%; the functional core material comprises the following components by taking the total mass of the functional core material as 100 percent: 1-5% of DHEA; 10-30% of butter; 14-30% of calcium palmitoleate; 5-20% of calcium linolenate; 1-20% of a mixture of mixed fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives; 1-5% of nutmeg seed oil. The functional additive provided by the invention can rapidly supply energy, so that the ewe can recover quickly after delivery; meanwhile, the milk secretion of ewes during lactation can be improved, and the milk quality is improved, so that the weaning weight and uniformity of lambs are improved, and the weaning weight is increased; and can improve the production performance of ewes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and relates to a functional additive, a preparation method and application thereof, and a lactating ewe feed containing the functional additive.
Background
The functional additive is an additive which enters an animal body to play a certain biological function through feed addition. They can be classified by physical attributes into nutritive additives and non-nutritive additives. Chemical in nature is among the known nutrients, but this nutrient is beyond the concept of traditional nutrition and is among the nutritional additives. The functional additives can be classified into growth regulators, immunomodulators, feeding regulators, metabolic regulators, livestock product quality regulators and microecological regulators according to the material functions.
CN105901346A discloses a sheep feed additive, which comprises, by weight, 0.8-1.2 parts of corn protein powder, 6-10 parts of fish meal, 0.1-0.2 part of lysine, 0.05-0.15 part of glutamine, 5-10 parts of blood meal, 5-10 parts of isatis root, 0.3-0.5 part of organic selenium, 0.7-0.9 part of shell powder, 2-4 parts of carrot, 0.2-0.4 part of vitamin complex and 0.1-0.5 part of vegetable oil; the feed additive provided by this patent application is comprehensive in nutritional ingredients but is not targeted.
The body condition, hormone secretion, reproductive activity, fetal development, lactation and the like of the ewes are directly related to the composition and nutritional level of the daily ration, wherein fat plays an important role in the physiological activities of metabolism, reproduction and the like of the ewes. The nutrition deficiency can cause the delayed initial stage of young ewes, the oestrus disorder of adult ewes, delayed ovulation, embryo attachment and dysplasia and increased proportion of weak fetuses, and in severe cases, the reproductive disorder of ewes is caused, thereby causing great influence on lambing and population expansion. The functional fatty acid ester plays an important role in animal reproductive performance. The growth period of lambs and the lactation period of lactating ewes have special requirements on the demand and utilization rate of fat.
How to improve the production capacity of nursing ewes, the production and development of lambs, the weight reduction of the ewes after production, the reduction of milk yield and the possible paralysis after production, the development of a functional additive product aiming at the physiological characteristics of the nursing ewes is urgently needed to improve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a functional additive, a preparation method and application thereof, and a lactating ewe feed containing the functional additive. The functional additive provided by the invention can rapidly supply energy, so that the ewe can recover quickly after delivery; meanwhile, the milk secretion of ewes during lactation can be improved, and the milk quality is improved, so that the weaning weight and uniformity of lambs are improved, and the weaning weight is increased; and can improve the production performance of ewes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a functional additive, which comprises 35-70% of a functional core material and 30-65% of a wall material, wherein the total mass of the functional additive is 100%;
the functional core material comprises the following components by taking the total mass of the functional core material as 100 percent:
the addition of the mixed fatty acid can balance the nutrition of the fatty acid and better meet the fatty acid requirement of ewes, and the addition of the calcium palmitate and the calcium linolenate in the form of the organic salt can protect the fat composition from rumen bacterial metabolism and reduce the hydrogenation in rumen; the functional additive provided by the invention also comprises DHEA and the like, and the DHEA and the like are matched with each other, so that the functional additive provided by the invention can play a role in quickly supplying energy, and the ewes can quickly recover after delivery; and can improve the milk secretion of ewes, improve the milk quality and further improve the weaning weight and uniformity of lambs.
In the present invention, the functional core material is 35 to 70%, for example, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 65%, etc.
In the present invention, the wall material is 30-65%, such as 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, etc.
In the present invention, the DHEA 1-5%, for example, 2%, 3%, 4%, etc.
In the present invention, the butter is 10-30%, such as 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 25%, 28%, etc.
In the present invention, the calcium palmitoleate is 14-30%, such as 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 25%, 28%, etc.
In the present invention, the calcium linolenate is 5-20%, such as 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, etc.
In the present invention, the mixture of mixed fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives is 1-20%, such as 2%, 4%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, etc.
In the present invention, the nutmeg seed oil is 1-5%, for example, 2%, 3%, 4%, etc.
In the present invention, the mixture of mixed fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives includes a combination of odd-chain fatty acids and even-chain fatty acids, or a combination of odd-chain fatty acid derivatives and even-chain fatty acid derivatives.
According to the invention, odd-chain fatty acid or derivatives thereof are specifically selected to be matched with even-chain fatty acid or derivatives thereof, so that the fatty acid nutrition balancing function is achieved; odd-chain fatty acid can generate sugar through propionic acid, even-chain fatty acid can only oxidize or synthesize fat, ketone body, cholesterol and the like, and the combination of the odd-chain fatty acid and the even-chain fatty acid is beneficial to energy supply and synthesis of milk fat.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the odd-chain fatty acids to the even-chain fatty acids, or the mass ratio of odd-chain fatty acid derivatives to even-chain fatty acid derivatives is (0.12-0.4):1, e.g. 0.15:1, 0.20:1, 0.22:1, 0.25:1, 0.28:1, 0.30:1, 0.35:1, etc.
When the mass ratio of the odd-chain fatty acid or a derivative thereof to the even-chain fatty acid or a derivative thereof is within the above range, the effect is most excellent, and when the amount of the odd-chain fatty acid or a derivative thereof added is too low, the effect affecting the fatty acid balance and the ewe productivity cannot be exerted, and when the amount of the odd-chain fatty acid or a derivative thereof added is too high, the physiological function may be changed.
Preferably, the odd-chain fatty acids are selected from the group consisting of fatty acids of C13-C17, such as C13, C15, C17 and the like, preferably C17.
The fatty acid of C17 is preferably selected by the invention, so that the fatty acid is more suitable for being digested and absorbed by ruminants, especially ewes, and the fatty acid is lower in cost and more beneficial to application.
The fatty acid C13-C17 is exemplarily explained by the fatty acid C17, and the structural formula of the fatty acid C17 is CH3-(CH2)15-COOH。
Preferably, the even-chain fatty acid is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid or myristic acid, and further preferably lauric acid.
Preferably, the functional core material further comprises a vitamin composition.
Preferably, the vitamin composition is present in an amount of 1-5%, such as 2%, 3%, 4%, etc., based on 100% total mass of the functional additive.
Preferably, the vitamin composition comprises a combination of vitamin C and vitamin E.
VC has good antioxidant effect, VE can improve fertility, and the two can improve the use effect of the functional additive when used in combination.
Preferably, the wall material is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of casein, maltodextrin, gum arabic, xanthan gum, acetate-based fibers or a protein active enzyme.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the functional additive according to the first aspect, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing DHEA, butter, calcium palmitate, calcium linolenate, a mixture of mixed fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives, nutmeg seed oil, and optionally a vitamin composition to obtain a functional core material;
(2) mixing a functional core material with a part of wall material aqueous solution, and then carrying out spray drying to obtain intermediate product powder;
(3) and spraying the residual part of the wall material aqueous solution onto the surface of the intermediate product powder, and carrying out drying and crosslinking reaction to obtain the functional additive.
The functional additive is prepared by adopting a preparation method of secondary coating, can pass through the rumen without being decomposed by rumen fluid, does not influence microbial flora in the rumen, but can be digested in the true stomach and duodenum under the action of chemical and enzyme, and finally absorbed in the small intestine, thereby achieving the effects of rapid energy supply and the like.
Preferably, step (1) is specifically: heating butter, calcium palmitate and calcium linolenate to 60-80 deg.C (such as 62 deg.C, 65 deg.C, 68 deg.C, 70 deg.C, 72 deg.C, 75 deg.C, 78 deg.C), mixing, adding DHEA, mixed fatty acid or fatty acid derivative mixture and vitamin composition, and mixing to obtain the functional core material.
Preferably, the mixing in step (2) is shear homogeneous mixing.
Preferably, the temperature of the mixing in step (2) is 60-80 deg.C, such as 62 deg.C, 65 deg.C, 68 deg.C, 70 deg.C, 72 deg.C, 75 deg.C, 78 deg.C, etc., for 10-20min, such as 12min, 15min, 18min, etc.
Preferably, the temperature of the inlet air for the spray drying in the step (2) is 160-.
Preferably, the pressure of said spray drying of step (2) is 15-25MPa, such as 18MPa, 20MPa, 22MPa, etc.
Preferably, step (3) is specifically: the intermediate product powder is suspended in fluidizing air and then the remaining part of the aqueous wall material solution is sprayed onto the surface of the intermediate product powder.
Preferably, the temperature of the drying and crosslinking reaction in the step (3) is 120-170 ℃ and the time is 15-20 min.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of a functional additive according to the first aspect in animal feed.
Preferably, the animal is a ruminant, more preferably a ewe, even more preferably a lactating ewe.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a feed for lactating ewes, the feed comprising the functional additive of the first aspect.
Preferably, the content of the functional additive is 0.5-3% by mass, such as 0.8%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and the like, based on 100% of the total mass of the feed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the functional additive provided by the invention can play a role in quickly supplying energy, so that the ewe can quickly recover after delivery; the milk secretion of ewes can be improved, the milk quality is improved, and the weaning weight and uniformity of lambs can be further improved;
(2) the functional additive is prepared by adopting a preparation method of secondary coating, can pass through the rumen without being decomposed by rumen fluid, does not influence microbial flora in the rumen, but can be digested in the true stomach and duodenum under the action of chemical and enzyme, and finally absorbed in the small intestine, thereby achieving the effects of rapid energy supply and the like.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
Example 1
A functional additive comprises 50% of functional core material and 50% of wall material, wherein the total mass of the functional additive is 100%.
The functional core material comprises the following components by taking the total mass of the functional core material as 100 percent:
wherein the wall material is maltodextrin.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) heating butter, calcium palmitate oleate and calcium linolenate to 70 deg.C, mixing, adding DHEA, mixed fatty acid or fatty acid derivative mixture and vitamin composition, and mixing to obtain functional core material;
(2) dissolving the wall material in softened water to obtain a wall material aqueous solution, wherein the solid content of the wall material is 50%;
(3) heating 50 wt% wall material water solution to 60 ℃, adding a functional core material, mixing, continuously heating, heating to 80 ℃, carrying out high-speed shearing homogenization for 15min, carrying out spray drying on the homogenized mixture, wherein the air inlet temperature is 170 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 90 ℃, and the pressure is 20 MPa;
(4) suspending the dried powder in fluidized air, spraying the rest wall material aqueous solution on the surface of the powder, and performing drying and crosslinking reaction at 150 ℃ for 15min to obtain the functional additive.
Examples 2 to 3
The difference from example 1 is that the fatty acid of C17 was replaced with the fatty acid of C13 (example 2) and the fatty acid of C15 (example 3).
Examples 4 to 5
The difference from example 1 is that lauric acid was replaced by myristic acid (example 4) or capric acid (example 5).
Examples 6 to 9
The differences from example 1 are that the mass ratio of C17 fatty acid to lauric acid is 0.12:1 (example 6), 0.4:1 (example 7), 0.08:1 (example 8), 0.5:1 (example 9).
Example 10
The difference from example 1 is that the vitamin composition is not included in this example, and the addition amount of other components is correspondingly adjusted on the premise that the relative mass ratio of other components is kept unchanged.
Example 11
A functional additive comprises 35% of functional core material and 65% of wall material, wherein the total mass of the functional additive is 100%.
The functional core material comprises the following components by taking the total mass of the functional core material as 100 percent:
wherein the wall material is xanthan gum.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) heating butter, calcium palmitate oleate and calcium linolenate to 60 ℃, mixing, adding DHEA, a mixture of mixed fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives and a vitamin composition, and mixing to obtain a functional core material;
(2) dissolving the wall material in softened water to obtain a wall material aqueous solution, wherein the solid content of the wall material is 50%;
(3) heating 50 wt% wall material water solution to 60 ℃, adding a functional core material, mixing, continuously heating, heating to 80 ℃, carrying out high-speed shearing homogenization for 10min, carrying out spray drying on the homogenized mixture, wherein the air inlet temperature is 180 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 100 ℃, and the pressure is 25 MPa;
(4) suspending the dried powder in fluidized air, spraying the rest wall material aqueous solution on the surface of the powder, and performing drying and crosslinking reaction at 120 ℃ for 20min to obtain the functional additive.
Example 12
A functional additive comprises 70% of functional core material and 30% of wall material, wherein the total mass of the functional additive is 100%.
The functional core material comprises the following components by taking the total mass of the functional core material as 100 percent:
wherein the wall material is maltodextrin.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) heating butter, calcium palmitate oleate and calcium linolenate to 80 deg.C, mixing, adding DHEA, mixed fatty acid or fatty acid derivative mixture and vitamin composition, and mixing to obtain functional core material;
(2) dissolving the wall material in softened water to obtain a wall material aqueous solution, wherein the solid content of the wall material is 50%;
(3) heating 50 wt% wall material water solution to 60 ℃, adding the functional core material, mixing, continuously heating to 80 ℃, carrying out high-speed shearing homogenization for 20min, carrying out spray drying on the homogenized mixture, wherein the air inlet temperature is 160 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 80 ℃, and the pressure is 15 MPa;
(4) suspending the dried powder in fluidized air, spraying the rest wall material aqueous solution on the surface of the powder, and performing drying and crosslinking reaction at 170 ℃ for 15min to obtain the functional additive.
Example 13
A functional additive comprises 40% of functional core material and 60% of wall material, wherein the total mass of the functional additive is 100%.
The functional core material comprises the following components by taking the total mass of the functional core material as 100 percent:
wherein the wall material is xanthan gum.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) heating butter, calcium palmitate oleate and calcium linolenate to 60 ℃, mixing, adding DHEA, a mixture of mixed fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives and a vitamin composition, and mixing to obtain a functional core material;
(2) dissolving the wall material in softened water to obtain a wall material aqueous solution, wherein the solid content of the wall material is 50%;
(3) heating 50 wt% wall material water solution to 60 ℃, adding a functional core material, mixing, continuously heating, heating to 80 ℃, carrying out high-speed shearing homogenization for 10min, carrying out spray drying on the homogenized mixture, wherein the air inlet temperature is 180 ℃, the air outlet temperature is 100 ℃, and the pressure is 25 MPa;
(4) suspending the dried powder in fluidized air, spraying the rest wall material aqueous solution on the surface of the powder, and performing drying and crosslinking reaction at 150 ℃ for 15min to obtain the functional additive.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that in this comparative example, no C17 fatty acid was added, and an equal amount of lauric acid was substituted.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that in this comparative example, no lauric acid was added and an equal amount of C17 fatty acid was substituted.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that in this comparative example calcium palmitoleate was replaced by palmitoleic acid.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that in this comparative example calcium linolenate was replaced with linolenic acid.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 is that in this comparative example, step (4) is not included and the aqueous wall material solution in step (3) is increased to 100 wt%.
Comparative examples 6 to 7
The difference from example 1 is that in this comparative example, the butter was added in an amount of 5% (comparative example 6) and 35% (comparative example 7) on the premise that the relative mass ratios of the other components were kept unchanged.
Comparative examples 8 to 9
The difference from example 1 is that in this comparative example, the addition amount of the mixture of mixed fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives was 0% (comparative example 8), 30% (comparative example 9) on the premise that the relative mass ratio of the other components was kept constant.
Comparative examples 10 to 11
The difference from example 1 is that in this comparative example, the addition amounts of calcium palmitoleate were 10% (comparative example 10) and 35% (comparative example 11) on the premise that the relative mass ratios of the other components were kept constant.
Comparative examples 12 to 13
The difference from example 1 is that in this comparative example, calcium linolenate was added in an amount of 1% (comparative example 12) and 25% (comparative example 13) on the premise that the relative mass ratios of the other components were kept constant.
Performance testing
The functional additives provided in examples 1 to 13 and comparative examples 1 to 13 were subjected to a performance test by the following method:
experimental materials: 270 lambs with the same birth times were born by Hu sheep and provided by Jincao.
Experiment design: 270 multiparous ewes (twins) were randomly assigned to 27 groups, i.e., control, example 1-13 and comparative 1-13, 2 pens per group, 5 pens per group.
The feeding method comprises the following steps: control group was fed basal diet (purchased from strong forest feeds, ltd of the Zhuchen); the ewe diets of the example and comparative example groups were fed with 1% of the functional supplement (provided by examples 1-13 and comparative examples 1-13), and the lambs were fed normally; the test was carried out for a total of 65 days.
And (3) calculating the feed according to the ratio of the concentrate to the crude feed of 2:8, feeding the ewes from the farrowing stage, feeding the lambs from 7 days, and recording the average feed intake of the ewes within 7 days after the delivery until the weaning stage.
The feed is fed once in the morning and afternoon every day, and water is freely drunk. After the test materials are fed once in the morning, feeding the test materials in the afternoon according to a normal feeding mode of a sheep farm; other feeding management is carried out according to the normal procedure of the sheep farm.
The test method comprises the following steps:
a) weight increment: weighing lambs on an empty stomach in the morning at the initial weight of the test and at the age of 65 days, and calculating the weight gain change (calculating the average value of each group); recording the death condition of the lambs, and calculating the death rate;
b) counting and calculating the average postpartum feed intake of the ewes;
c) and (3) counting inflammation of the ewes after delivery for 4-7 days, wherein:
3-severe inflammation; 2-moderate inflammation; 1-mild inflammation; 0-no inflammation;
inflammation index is the sum of inflammation scores/total number of experimental ewes;
the test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
The embodiment and the performance test show that the functional additive provided by the invention can improve the weaning weight and uniformity of lambs, improve the proportion of first-class lambs and reduce the mortality of the lambs, wherein the weaning weight increase is more than 15.7kg, and the death rate is less than 2.2%. Meanwhile, the functional additive provided by the invention can play a role in promoting digestion and absorption of ewes and rapidly supplying energy, so that the ewes can recover rapidly after delivery, and the incidence of inflammation is reduced; wherein the average feed intake of ewes 7 days after delivery is above 2.0 kg/day, and the inflammation index is below 0.3.
As can be seen from the comparison between example 1 and examples 2 to 5, the mixture of mixed fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives of the present invention, preferably the mixture of C17 fatty acid and lauric acid, has a low mortality and a high weight gain, and has a weaning weight gain of 16.1kg or more and a mortality of 2.05% or less; as is clear from comparison between example 1 and examples 6 to 9, when the mass ratio of C17 fatty acid to lauric acid is (0.12-0.4):1, the beneficial effect is more excellent, the increased weaning weight is more than 16.25kg, and the mortality is less than 1.95%; as can be seen from the comparison between example 1 and example 10, the addition of multivitamins in the present application has superior beneficial effects.
As can be seen from the comparison between example 1 and comparative examples 1-2, the functional additive obtained by the invention has the function of balancing fatty acid nutrition only when the mixture of odd-chain fatty acid or derivative thereof and even-chain fatty acid or derivative thereof is added into the functional additive at the same time, thereby ensuring the weaning weight of lambs and reducing the death and culling rate; as can be seen from the comparison between example 1 and comparative examples 3 to 4, the addition of calcium palmitoleate and calcium linolenate in the form of organic salts can protect the fat composition from rumen bacterial metabolism and reduce hydrogenation in the rumen, thereby ensuring the weaning weight of the lambs and reducing the mortality and elimination rate; as can be seen from the comparison of example 1 with comparative example 5, the preparation method of the present invention is preferred to the secondary coating method; as is clear from comparison between example 1 and comparative examples 6 to 13, the amounts of the components to be added in the present invention need to be within the limits of the present invention in order to achieve the object of the present invention.
The applicant states that the functional additive, the preparation method and the application thereof and the lactating ewe feed containing the functional additive are illustrated by the examples, but the invention is not limited to the detailed methods, i.e. the invention is not limited to the detailed methods. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The functional additive is characterized by comprising 35-70% of functional core material and 30-65% of wall material by taking the total mass of the functional additive as 100%;
the functional core material comprises the following components by taking the total mass of the functional core material as 100 percent:
2. the functional additive according to claim 1, wherein the mixture of mixed fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives comprises a combination of odd-chain fatty acids and even-chain fatty acids, or a combination of odd-chain fatty acid derivatives and even-chain fatty acid derivatives;
preferably, the mass ratio of the odd-chain fatty acid to the even-chain fatty acid, or the mass ratio of the odd-chain fatty acid derivative to the even-chain fatty acid derivative is (0.12-0.4): 1.
3. Functional additive according to claim 2, characterized in that the odd-chain fatty acids are selected from the group consisting of C13-C17 fatty acids, preferably C17 fatty acids;
preferably, the even-chain fatty acid is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid or myristic acid, and further preferably lauric acid.
4. The functional additive according to any of claims 1-3 wherein the functional core material further comprises a vitamin composition;
preferably, the content of the vitamin composition is 1-5% based on 100% of the total mass of the functional additive;
preferably, the vitamin composition comprises a combination of vitamin C and vitamin E.
5. Functional additive according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the wall material is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of casein, maltodextrin, gum arabic, xanthan gum, cellulose acetate based fibers or protein active enzymes.
6. A method of preparing a functional additive according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein said method of preparation comprises the steps of:
(1) mixing DHEA, butter, calcium palmitate, calcium linolenate, a mixture of mixed fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives, nutmeg seed oil, and optionally a vitamin composition to obtain a functional core material;
(2) mixing a functional core material with a part of wall material aqueous solution, and then carrying out spray drying to obtain intermediate product powder;
(3) and spraying the residual part of the wall material aqueous solution onto the surface of the intermediate product powder, and carrying out drying and crosslinking reaction to obtain the functional additive.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the step (1) is specifically: heating butter, calcium palmitate oleate and calcium linolenate to 60-80 ℃, mixing, adding DHEA, a mixture of mixed fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives and a vitamin composition, and mixing to obtain the functional core material;
preferably, the mixing of step (2) is shear homogenizing mixing;
preferably, the temperature of the mixing in the step (2) is 60-80 ℃ and the time is 10-20 min;
preferably, the air inlet temperature of the spray drying in the step (2) is 160-180 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 80-100 ℃;
preferably, the pressure of the spray drying in the step (2) is 15-25 MPa.
8. The preparation method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the step (3) is specifically: the intermediate product powder is suspended in fluidizing air and then the remaining part of the aqueous wall material solution is sprayed onto the surface of the intermediate product powder.
9. Use of a functional additive according to any one of claims 1-5 in animal feed;
preferably, the animal is a ruminant, more preferably a ewe, even more preferably a lactating ewe.
10. A lactating ewe feed comprising a functional additive according to any of claims 1-5;
preferably, the mass percentage of the functional additive is 0.5-3% based on the total mass of the feed as 100%.
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