CN111133963A - Pepper planting method - Google Patents
Pepper planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111133963A CN111133963A CN202010184610.7A CN202010184610A CN111133963A CN 111133963 A CN111133963 A CN 111133963A CN 202010184610 A CN202010184610 A CN 202010184610A CN 111133963 A CN111133963 A CN 111133963A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/26—Oxidation products of dithiocarbamic acid derivatives, e.g. thiuram sulfides
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of hot peppers, which comprises the following steps: (1) after sun-drying the pepper seeds, dressing the pepper seeds with a seed coating agent, and airing for later use; (2) seedling in a plug seedling in a greenhouse; (3) when the seedling age reaches 45-50 days, planting in a greenhouse; (4) managing water and fertilizer during the growth period of the pepper; (5) the pepper can be picked up when the pepper fruit turns red completely and the water loss of the pulp exceeds 30 percent. The pepper planting method provided by the invention aims at the problems that in the conventional pepper planting process, under the conditions of high temperature, strong illumination and heavy rain in July and August, pepper epidemic diseases, root rot and the like are easily caused, and the growth period is short due to the centralization of the fruiting period in 9 months, and the like, the temperature control of a greenhouse and sufficient illumination conditions in summer are fully utilized, the planting period is effectively delayed, the pepper production quality is improved, meanwhile, the pepper planting method is simple, the facility cost is low, the pepper planting method is suitable for multi-region cross-season planting, and powerful technical support can be provided for pepper planting production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and particularly relates to a pepper planting method.
Background
Capsicum is a perennial or limited perennial herb of the family Solanaceae. Fruits are usually conical or oblong, green when unripe, and bright red, green or purple when ripe, most commonly red. The fruit peel of Capsici fructus contains capsaicin, has pungent taste, and can stimulate appetite, and is suitable for food and medicinal use.
Because the peppers have good use value and large market demand, more and more people start to plant the peppers, most of the peppers are rough in planting management method at present, and the traditional sowing mode is adopted, so that the sowing mode is complex in operation process and easy to cause low emergence rate of the peppers, in the transplanting and cultivating process, the germination rate is low, the survival rate of seedlings is reduced, the seedlings are fragile and slow to grow in the pepper growth period, the insect resistance is reduced, and the final yield of the peppers is reduced due to the damage of pests in the time of production, so that the economic benefit and the enthusiasm of farmers are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up for the defects of the prior art and provides a pepper planting method.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a planting method of hot peppers comprises the following steps:
(1) sun-seeding the prepared pepper seeds for 1-2 days before sowing, and then coating the seeds with a seed coating agent according to the mass ratio of the seeds to the seeds of 1: (30-40) seed dressing and airing for later use;
(2) preparing a seedbed in a greenhouse in the last ten days of 5 months, growing seedlings through a plug tray with 32-128 holes, sowing 1-3 seeds in each hole in the plug tray, adding 2-4kg of disinfected excrement, 1-2kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 150g of 50% carbendazim 100-doped materials into a plug tray substrate according to each cubic meter, uniformly mixing the materials with clear water, piling the materials, sealing the plastic film, covering a sunshade net at 11 noon every day in the seedling stage, uncovering the materials after 4 noon, watering at 7-8 in the morning and 6-7 in the evening to ensure that the substrate is wet, and uncovering the cover after 50% of seeds come out;
(3) when the seedling ages to 45-50 days, 5-6 true leaves are provided, when the plant height reaches 15 cm, the planting in the greenhouse is prepared to start, the planting density per mu is controlled to be 5000-7000 plants, then sufficient planting water is poured, and water is supplemented after 5-7 days, so that the condition that the soil is dry and wet is ensured;
(4) fertilizing 4-6 times before and after the full-bearing period of the pepper, applying 300-500kg of compound fertilizer for each hectare, watering after fertilizing to keep the land dry, and watering 5-7 times in the full-bearing period of the pepper;
(5) the pepper can be picked up when the pepper fruit turns red completely and the water loss of the pulp exceeds 30 percent.
Further, the seed coating agent in the step 1 is prepared by mixing 5% of carbendazim, 12% of thiram and the like, adding 30-50% of penicillium oxalicum fermentation liquor into the mixture, and uniformly stirring the mixture.
Further, the preparation method of the penicillium oxalicum fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: culturing Penicillium oxalicum strain in liquid culture medium at 30-35 deg.C and 150 rpm for 2-4 days, diluting the obtained liquid to 106After doubling, a fermentation liquor is obtained.
Preferably, the weight part formula of the plug substrate in the step 2 is as follows: 2-3 parts of turf, 1-1.5 parts of vermiculite, 1-1.5 parts of perlite and 1-1.2 parts of mushroom residue.
Furthermore, replanting is carried out on the positions where the seedlings are short and the ridges are broken in time after the field planting in the step 3, and intertillage and soil loosening are carried out after the seedlings are revived, so that the root system is promoted to grow to the depth.
Further, covering a sunshade net in the greenhouse after the field planting in the step 3, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be below 30 ℃, and uncovering the sunshade net after the seedlings of the peppers are slow.
Further, in the step 4, after the pepper grows to the position of the capsicum, fertilizing with 1% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for each time for topdressing.
Furthermore, after the capsicum frutescens is seated, all the lower lateral branches of the capsicum frutescens are removed, and 8-10 fruits of each capsicum frutescens are controlled to concentrate nutrients.
The invention has the advantages that:
the pepper planting method provided by the invention aims at the problems that in the conventional pepper planting process, under the conditions of high temperature, strong illumination and heavy rain in July and August, pepper epidemic diseases, root rot and the like are easily caused, and the growth period is short due to the fact that the fruiting period is concentrated in 9 months, and the like, the temperature control of a greenhouse and sufficient illumination conditions in summer are fully utilized, the planting period is effectively delayed, the pepper production quality is improved, and meanwhile, cross-season sale can bring higher economic benefits.
In the planting process, a seed coating agent is specially prepared for pepper characteristics for seed dressing, the penicillium oxalicum fermentation liquor with high dilution is added, the cell environment in a variety is changed after seed dressing, the cell volume and the quality are increased to achieve the purpose of promoting growth, the seed activity is effectively improved, the seed germination is accelerated, the stress resistance of the seeds is enhanced, and a material basis is provided for the subsequent high-quality growth of the pepper.
The pepper planting method is simple, low in facility cost, suitable for cross-season planting in multiple regions, and capable of providing powerful technical support for pepper planting production.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the specific examples as follows:
example 1
A planting method of hot peppers comprises the following steps:
(1) sun-seeding the prepared pepper seeds for 1 day before sowing, and then coating the seeds with a seed coating agent according to the mass ratio of the seeds to the seeds of 1: 30, dressing the seeds, airing for standby, wherein the seed coating agent is prepared by mixing 5 percent of carbendazim, 12 percent of thiram and the like, adding 30 percent of penicillium oxalicum fermentation liquor, and uniformly stirring;
(2) preparing a seedbed in a greenhouse in the last ten days of 5 months, and culturing seedlings by using 32-hole plug trays, wherein the plug tray substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of turf, 1 part of vermiculite, 1 part of perlite and 1 part of mushroom residue, wherein 1 particle is sowed in each hole of a hole disc, 2kg of disinfected excrement, 1kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 100g of 50% carbendazim are added into a hole disc matrix according to each cubic meter, the materials are uniformly mixed with clear water, the mixture is cultivated into a pile, a plastic film is sealed, a sunshade net is covered at 11 noon every day in the seedling stage, the mixture is uncovered after 4 pm, watering is carried out at 7 am and 6 pm at the same time to ensure that the matrix is moist, and a covering is uncovered after more than 50% of seeds come out of the soil;
(3) when the seedlings are aged to 45 days, preparing to start field planting in a greenhouse, controlling the field planting density to be 5000 plants per mu, then watering enough field planting water, replenishing water after 5 days to ensure that the soil is dry and wet, timely replanting the seedling-lacking and ridge-breaking positions after field planting, intertilling and loosening the soil after seedling reviving to promote the root system to grow to the depth, meanwhile, covering a sunshade net in the greenhouse after field planting, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be below 30 ℃, and uncovering the sunshade net after the pepper seedlings revive;
(4) fertilizing 4 times before and after the full-bearing period of the pepper, applying 300kg of compound fertilizer to each hectare each time, removing all lateral branches below the capsicum when the capsicum grows until the capsicum sits, controlling 8 fruits per plant to concentrate nutrients, simultaneously fertilizing each time by matching 1% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for topdressing outside roots, watering after fertilizing to keep the land dry, and watering 5 times in the full-bearing period of the capsicum;
(5) the pepper can be picked up when the pepper fruit turns red completely and the water loss of the pulp exceeds 30 percent.
The preparation method of the penicillium oxalicum fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: culturing Penicillium oxalicum strain in liquid medium at 30 deg.C and 150 rpm for 2 days, and diluting the obtained liquid to 106After doubling, a fermentation liquor is obtained.
Example 2
A planting method of hot peppers comprises the following steps:
(1) and (2) sunning the prepared pepper seeds for 2 days before sowing, and then coating the seeds with a seed coating agent according to the mass ratio of the seeds to the seeds of 1: 40, dressing the seeds, airing for standby, wherein the seed coating agent is prepared by mixing 5 percent of carbendazim, 12 percent of thiram and the like by mass, adding 50 percent of penicillium oxalicum fermentation liquor, and uniformly stirring;
(2) preparing a seedbed in a greenhouse in the last ten days of 5 months, and growing seedlings through a plug tray with 128 holes, wherein the plug tray matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of turf, 1.5 parts of vermiculite, 1.5 parts of perlite and 1.2 parts of mushroom residues, 3 seeds are sowed in each hole in a hole tray, 4kg of sterilized excrement, 2kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 150g of 50% carbendazim are added into a hole tray substrate according to each cubic meter, the materials are uniformly mixed with clear water, the mixture is cultivated into a pile, plastic films are sealed, a sunshade net is covered at 11 noon every day in the seedling stage, the mixture is uncovered after 4 pm, watering is carried out at 8 am and 7 pm at the same time, the substrate is guaranteed to be wet, and a covering is uncovered after more than 50% of seeds come out of the soil;
(3) when the seedling ages to 50 days, preparing to start field planting in a greenhouse, controlling the field planting density to be 7000 plants per mu, then watering enough field planting water, replenishing water after 7 days to ensure that the soil is wet and dry, timely replanting the seedling-lacking and ridge-breaking positions after field planting, intertilling and loosening the soil after seedling revival to promote the root system to grow to the depth, meanwhile, covering a sunshade net in the greenhouse after field planting, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be below 30 ℃, and uncovering the sunshade net after the seedling reviving of the pepper;
(4) fertilizing 6 times before and after the full-bearing period of the pepper, applying 500kg of compound fertilizer per hectare each time, removing all lateral branches below the gate pepper after the pepper grows until the gate pepper sits, controlling 10 fruits per plant to concentrate nutrients, simultaneously fertilizing each time and matching with 1% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for topdressing outside roots, watering after fertilizing to keep the land dry, and watering 7 times in the full-bearing period of the pepper;
(5) the pepper can be picked up when the pepper fruit turns red completely and the water loss of the pulp exceeds 30 percent.
The preparation method of the penicillium oxalicum fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: culturing Penicillium oxalicum strain in liquid medium at 35 deg.C under 200 rpm for 4 days, and diluting the obtained liquid to 106After doubling, a fermentation liquor is obtained.
Example 3
A planting method of hot peppers comprises the following steps:
(1) and (2) sunning the prepared pepper seeds for 2 days before sowing, and then coating the seeds with a seed coating agent according to the mass ratio of the seeds to the seeds of 1: 35, dressing the seeds, airing for standby, wherein the seed coating agent is prepared by mixing 5% of carbendazim, 12% of thiram and the like by mass, adding 40% of penicillium oxalicum fermentation liquor, and uniformly stirring;
(2) preparing a seedbed in a greenhouse in the last ten days of 5 months, and growing seedlings through a plug tray with 72 holes, wherein the plug tray matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of turf, 1.5 parts of vermiculite, 1.5 parts of perlite and 1 part of mushroom residue, wherein after 2 seeds are sowed in each hole in the hole tray, 3kg of disinfected excrement, 1.5kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 125g of 50% carbendazim are added into the hole tray substrate according to each cubic meter, the mixture is uniformly mixed with clear water, piled, sealed by plastic films, covered by a sunshade net at 11 noon every day in the seedling stage, uncovered after 4 pm, watered at 7 am and 7 pm at the same time, the substrate is guaranteed to be wet, and the covering is uncovered after more than 50% of seeds come out of the soil;
(3) when the seedlings are aged to 50 days, preparing to start field planting in a greenhouse, controlling the field planting density to be 6000 plants per mu, then watering enough field planting water, replenishing water after 6 days to ensure that the soil is dry and wet, timely replanting the seedling-lacking and ridge-breaking positions after field planting, intertilling and loosening the soil after seedling revival to promote the root system to grow to the depth, meanwhile, covering a sunshade net in the greenhouse after field planting, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be below 30 ℃, and uncovering the sunshade net after the seedlings of the peppers revive;
(4) fertilizing 5 times before and after the full-bearing period of the pepper, applying 400kg of compound fertilizer to each hectare each time, removing all lateral branches below the capsicum when the capsicum grows until the capsicum sits, controlling 9 fruits per plant to concentrate nutrients, simultaneously fertilizing each time by matching 1% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for topdressing outside roots, watering after fertilizing to keep the land dry, and watering 6 times in the full-bearing period of the capsicum;
(5) the pepper can be picked up when the pepper fruit turns red completely and the water loss of the pulp exceeds 30 percent.
The preparation method of the penicillium oxalicum fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: culturing Penicillium oxalicum strain in liquid medium at 32 deg.C under rotation speed of 180 rpm for 3 days, and diluting the obtained liquid to 106After doubling, a fermentation liquor is obtained.
Area test:
the test adopts a random block group design, 3 times of repetition are set, the area of a cell greenhouse is 33 square meters, protective rows are arranged around the cell greenhouse, a control group is planted conventionally, the penicillium oxalicum strain fermentation liquor is not added as a seed coating agent, and the average yield result is shown in table 1:
| average quality of all fruits | Average cell throughput | Reduced per mu yield | Disease resistance | |
| Example 1 | 261.6g | 86.3kg | 1743kg | R |
| Example 2 | 256.2g | 84.7kg | 1711kg | R |
| Example 3 | 276.6g | 93.1kg | 1881kg | R |
| Control group | 231.0g | 77.4kg | 1563kg | MR |
As can be seen from the table above, the pepper obtained by the pepper planting method of the invention has high and stable yield, and meanwhile, the pepper product has higher disease resistance and belongs to a disease-resistant type.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The pepper planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sun-seeding the prepared pepper seeds for 1-2 days before sowing, and then coating the seeds with a seed coating agent according to the mass ratio of the seeds to the seeds of 1: (30-40) seed dressing and airing for later use;
(2) preparing a seedbed in a greenhouse in the last ten days of 5 months, growing seedlings through a plug tray with 32-128 holes, sowing 1-3 seeds in each hole in the plug tray, adding 2-4kg of disinfected excrement, 1-2kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 150g of 50% carbendazim 100-doped materials into a plug tray substrate according to each cubic meter, uniformly mixing the materials with clear water, piling the materials, sealing the plastic film, covering a sunshade net at 11 noon every day in the seedling stage, uncovering the materials after 4 noon, watering at 7-8 in the morning and 6-7 in the evening to ensure that the substrate is wet, and uncovering the cover after 50% of seeds come out;
(3) when the seedling ages to 45-50 days, 5-6 true leaves are provided, when the plant height reaches 15 cm, the planting in the greenhouse is prepared to start, the planting density per mu is controlled to be 5000-7000 plants, then sufficient planting water is poured, and water is supplemented after 5-7 days, so that the condition that the soil is dry and wet is ensured;
(4) fertilizing 4-6 times before and after the full-bearing period of the pepper, applying 300-500kg of compound fertilizer for each hectare, watering after fertilizing to keep the land dry, and watering 5-7 times in the full-bearing period of the pepper;
(5) the pepper can be picked up when the pepper fruit turns red completely and the water loss of the pulp exceeds 30 percent.
2. The method for planting the pepper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seed coating agent in the step 1 is prepared by mixing 5% of carbendazim and 12% of thiram, adding 30-50% of penicillium oxalicum fermentation liquor, and stirring uniformly.
3. The method for planting pepper as claimed in claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the penicillium oxalicum fermentation broth comprises: mixing Penicillium oxalicumCulturing the strain in liquid culture medium at 30-35 deg.C and 150-6After doubling, a fermentation liquor is obtained.
4. The planting method of pepper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation of the plug substrate in step 2 is as follows: 2-3 parts of turf, 1-1.5 parts of vermiculite, 1-1.5 parts of perlite and 1-1.2 parts of mushroom residue.
5. The method for planting the pepper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling lacking and ridge breaking parts are replanted in time after the field planting in the step 3, and meanwhile, the soil is intertillated after the seedling is revived to promote the root system to grow to the depth.
6. The planting method of the pepper as claimed in claim 1, wherein a sunshade net is covered in the greenhouse after the planting in the step 3, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled below 30 ℃, and the sunshade net is uncovered after the seedling of the pepper is slow.
7. The method for planting hot pepper according to claim 1, wherein the hot pepper is topdressed outside roots with 1% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for each fertilization until the hot pepper grows until the hot pepper sits in the hot pepper stand in step 4.
8. The method for planting the pepper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower lateral branch of the capsicum is removed completely after the capsicum is seated, and 8-10 fruit setting of each capsicum is controlled to concentrate nutrients.
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| CN202010184610.7A CN111133963A (en) | 2020-03-17 | 2020-03-17 | Pepper planting method |
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| CN202010184610.7A CN111133963A (en) | 2020-03-17 | 2020-03-17 | Pepper planting method |
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| CN113331001A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-03 | 毕节市农业科学研究所 | Cost-saving and efficiency-increasing greenhouse pepper planting technology |
| CN115005027A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-09-06 | 武汉兰氏农业开发有限公司 | Method for cultivating hot peppers |
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Application publication date: 20200512 |