CN107046851B

CN107046851B - Bletilla striata greenhouse direct seeding seedling method taking seeds as materials

Info

Publication number: CN107046851B
Application number: CN201710235947.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐军荣; 汪梦婷; 王娟; 王芳; 伍建榕; 辛培尧; 杨宇明; 何承忠; 辛亚龙
Original assignee: Southwest Forestry University
Current assignee: Southwest Forestry University
Priority date: 2017-04-12
Filing date: 2017-04-12
Publication date: 2020-07-10
Anticipated expiration: 2037-04-12
Also published as: CN107046851A

Abstract

A bletilla striata direct seeding and seedling raising method in a greenhouse by taking seeds as materials. The method comprises the following steps: collecting seeds, accelerating germination of the seeds, preparing a seed germination support, culturing protocorm seeds, sowing the seeds in an arched shed on a seedbed, managing, transplanting and the like. The method overcomes the problems that the seeds are fine and have no endosperm, and are extremely difficult to germinate in a natural environment, is simple and easy to implement, has the germination rate of 84.90 +/-0.72-90.26 +/-0.85, and has high seedling rate; the plant height can reach 5cm after sowing for 180 days, and the highest single plant is more than 10 cm; the diameter of the pseudobulb reaches 0.8-1.6 cm, and the seedling raising cost of the bletilla striata is greatly reduced.

Description

Bletilla striata greenhouse direct seeding seedling method taking seeds as materials

Technical Field

The invention belongs to a method for sexual propagation of plants, and also relates to a propagation method of bletilla striata seeds of orchidaceae plants.

Background

Rhizoma Bletillae (Bletilla striata) Is Orchidaceae (Orchidaceae) bletilla genus (Bletilla) The plants ' and ' splendid achnatherum ' are commonly used for years, and China has distribution in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi, Shanxi, Anhui and other places. Rhizoma bletillae dry pseudobulb is a traditional rare medicinal material in China, and the market demand is large. The seed number of a single bletilla striata pod is thousands of seeds, but the seed characteristics are extremely special, the seeds are powdery, very fine and have no endosperm to provide nutrition, and the seeds are difficult to be directly sown and cultured into seedlings and are sensitive to the environment. The bletilla striata seedling propagation mode mainly adopts tuber vegetative propagation and tissue culture. The former has large seed quantity and low propagation coefficient, and can not avoid seedling degradation caused by multi-generation asexual propagation; the latter needs fixed equipment, has long seedling raising time and high cost, and restricts the scale development level.

Compared with the two, the research reports of direct seeding and seedling raising of bletilla striata seeds are relatively less. This is due to the extremely low germination rate of direct seeding. In related documents, the royal Ji and the like develop a new method for direct seeding propagation of common bletilla seeds, the method comprises the steps of seed activity determination, seedbed arrangement, seedling substrate preparation, seed treatment, seeding, seedling strengthening and the like, different nutrient solutions are regularly sprayed at each stage of common bletilla seed germination, the seed germination rate can be increased from 5% under natural conditions to 69.7% +/-3.13%, and the pseudobulb diameter can reach 1-1.5cm after 180 days of seeding. But has lower germination rate and higher cost.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to establish a bletilla striata greenhouse direct seeding and seedling method taking bletilla striata seeds as materials, further improve the seed germination rate, improve the efficiency and reduce the cost.

The invention comprises the following steps:

(1) collecting seeds;

(2) seed germination, namely shaking powdery seeds of the common bletilla pseudoplastic fruit in a 50ml centrifugal tube, pouring 0.1-1.0 mg/L nystagc acid solution or 0.1-0.5 mg/L indoleacetic acid solution, covering a tube cover, centrifuging, shaking uniformly, taking out in 40-45 ℃ water bath for 3-5 minutes, keeping germination for 1 hour in a room, centrifuging, pouring out the solution for later use;

(3) preparing a seed germination support and culturing protocorm seeds: adding 4 g of agar powder and 0.3-1.0 g of monopotassium phosphate into 1 liter of water, heating to dissolve, and cooling to 30-35 ℃ to be used as a support; uniformly mixing 1 liter of support, 0.5g of germination accelerating agent and seeds as a mixed culture, pouring the mixed culture into a pot, covering a plastic film, and culturing at 20-30 ℃ indoors for 25-30 days to obtain expanded green protocorm seeds;

(4) sowing, managing and transplanting: wherein, the sowing is to uniformly scatter the seeds in the step (3) and the mixed culture on a seedbed, and the scattering density is 0.5g/m²。

Further, the thickness of the mixed culture poured into the pot in the step (3) is 2-3 cm.

Further, the concentration of the solution of the naphthylacetic acid for accelerating germination of the seeds in the step (3) is 0.1-0.5 mg/L.

Further, the step (4) is that a layer of powdery fresh red soil is scattered after sowing, then the seedbed is fully wetted by water, and the plastic arched shed is used for heat preservation and moisture preservation.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the method directly takes bletilla striata seeds as the materials to be directly sown in the greenhouse for seedling, does not need to perform aseptic treatment on the seeds, greatly simplifies the direct sowing and seedling raising process of the bletilla striata, and reduces the production cost.

2. The mixed culture germination promotion technology of the invention is combined with medicament treatment, and can obviously improve the germination rate of bletilla striata seeds in a natural state from less than 5 percent to 90 percent and about 18 times. Compared with a new method for directly seeding and propagating common bletilla pseudobulb seeds such as Wangji, the germination rate of the seeds is improved from 69.7 +/-3.13% to 84.90 +/-0.72-90.26 +/-0.85; the plant height after 180 days of sowing can reach 5cm, the highest single plant is more than 10cm, the diameter of the pseudobulb reaches 0.8-1.6 cm, and the like, which is equivalent to WangJi.

3. The seed germination acceleration time can be finished within about 1 hour. Compared with the novel seed treatment and seed soaking method for 5-12 h of the direct seeding propagation of the bletilla striata seeds such as Rongji, the method has the advantages of obviously shortening the time and improving the efficiency.

4. The method adopts agar powder as a medium to be mixed and cultured with bletilla striata seeds in a flower-like powder form to promote seed germination and directly form protocorms, and compared with the new method of WangJi and the like, the soaked seeds are taken out and are sucked by absorbent paper, and talcum powder and naphthylacetic acid are mixed and then are uniformly mixed with the seeds, the method simplifies the procedure, saves the time, not only solves the harsh requirements of early germination of the bletilla striata ultrafine seeds on environmental conditions, but also can directly sow the seeds on a seedbed after germination, has strong adaptability to cultured bletilla striata seed seedlings, and improves the direct seeding survival rate.

5. In the invention, a small amount of monopotassium phosphate is added into the mixed culture product, which is beneficial to the expansion of bletilla seeds and the formation of protocorm and enhances the adaptability of the bletilla seeds.

6. The spreading density of the invention is 0.5g/m²The seeds of the new method of Wangji are sowed on the nursery pond with a sowing density of 3-5 g/m^２Compared with the prior art, the seed consumption is 1/6-1/10, and the seed consumption is reduced.

7. The seedbed matrix of the invention is simpler, compared with the seedbed which is prepared by 5 materials in proportion and is spread by the new method of WangJi, the like, the seedbed does not need to be co-cultured with symbiotic bacteria, and simultaneously, the material is saved and the cost is reduced.

8. According to the invention, after bletilla is sown, a layer of powdery fresh red soil is scattered on the upper layer, so that the germinated protocorm is easy to wrap, the moisturizing effect is good, the grown root system can absorb nutrition quickly, and the seedling rate is improved.

Bletilla striata is artificially planted in multiple places such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and the like, and by popularizing the bletilla striata direct seeding and seedling planting method, the efficiency can be improved, the cost can be reduced, and the large-scale development is facilitated. Therefore, the present invention has important significance in production practice.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 shows germination promotion of bletilla striata in a mixed culture for 30 days;

FIG. 2 shows the growth of bletilla striata sowed on the seedbed for 70 d;

FIG. 3 shows the growth of bletilla striata sowed on the seedbed for 150 days;

FIG. 4 shows the growth of bletilla striata sowed on the seedbed for 180 d;

FIG. 5 is a dormant tuber of a direct-seeded seedling of bletilla striata (260 d).

The steps associated with the present invention are further described below in the detailed description. Examples of specific embodiments include, but are not limited to, the scope of the present invention.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

example 1:

(1) and (4) collecting seeds. Collecting mature fruit pods of bletilla striata from a bletilla striata planting base in old city of Yunnan province in 2015 9 months, bringing the mature fruit pods back to Kunming, drying in the shade, storing at normal temperature, and performing direct seeding seedling in next 3 months.

(2) The seed germination accelerating step is that powder seeds of the common bletilla and the capsule shell are shaken down in a 50ml centrifugal tube, then naphthylacetic acid (NAA) with the concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/L or indoleacetic acid (IAA) solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.5 mg/L is poured into the centrifugal tube, a centrifugal tube cover is covered, the centrifugal tube is centrifuged or shaken forcefully to ensure that the seeds are fully contacted with the solution, the centrifugal tube is placed in a water bath kettle with the water temperature of 40-45 ℃ for 3 minutes and then is taken out immediately, the centrifugal tube is placed indoors to maintain the germination accelerating time for 1 hour, the centrifugal tube is shaken during the period, and after the time is over, the centrifugal tube is centrifuged, and the upper solution is poured out for standby.

(3) Preparing a seed germination support and culturing protocorm seeds. 4 g of agar powder and 0.5g of monopotassium phosphate are added into 1 liter of water and heated to be dissolved. When the temperature is reduced to 30-35 ℃, the bletilla striata seeds prepared in the step (2) are poured, 0.5g of bletilla striata seeds are poured into each 1L of the support, and the mixture is fully stirred and uniformly mixed. Finally, the mixture was poured into a plastic tub with a thickness of between 2 and 3 cm. Covering a plastic film on the pot mouth, and culturing in an indoor environment at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ for 30 days to form expanded green protocorms, wherein the maximum germination rate of the seeds is up to 90.26% (see table 1).

TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on seed Germination

(4) And (4) preparing a seedbed. Deeply ploughing soil about 20 cm, breaking soil blocks, adding humus soil, making a seedbed with the length of 5m and the width of 1 m, and raking the seedbed.

(5) And (6) sowing. And (4) uniformly spreading the bletilla striata seeds cultured for 30 days in the step (3) and the mixed culture on a seedbed, wherein the dosage of each square is about 0.5g, and watering by using a watering can to fully wet the seedbed. Then a plastic arched shed is built on the seedbed for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and finally a small amount of insecticide is scattered around the seedbed.

(6) Management: the condition in the shed is checked regularly, the temperature is controlled to be between 20 and 35 ℃, and the air humidity is kept at about 75 percent. During the period, the weeds are removed, the fertilizer is not applied, and the temperature and the humidity are kept well.

(7) And (3) seedling formation and transplanting of seeds: the height of the seedlings sowed in the next year is more than 10cm, the dormant tubers are dug out in 3 months in the next year, and the seedlings can be transplanted to a base for planting under the forest.

Example 2:

the procedure was as in example 1 except that the seed germination supports prepared in step (3) were finally poured into a plastic pot to a thickness of the mixture of 2-3 cm.

Example 3:

the procedure of example 1 was followed except that in step (4), a layer of powdered fresh red soil was scattered after sowing, and watering was carried out with a watering can to sufficiently wet the seedbed.

Claims

1. A bletilla striata greenhouse direct seeding seedling method taking seeds as materials comprises the following steps;

(1) collecting seeds;

(2) seed germination, namely shaking powdery seeds of the common bletilla and the capsule shell in a 50ml centrifugal tube, pouring 0.1-1.0 mg/L naphthylacetic acid solution or 0.1-0.5 mg/L indoleacetic acid solution, covering a tube cover, centrifuging, shaking uniformly, taking out in water bath at 40-45 ℃ for 3-5 minutes, keeping germination for 1 hour in a room, centrifuging, pouring out the solution for later use;

(3) preparing a seed germination support and culturing protocorm seeds: adding 4 g of agar powder and 0.3-1.0 g of monopotassium phosphate into 1 liter of water, heating to dissolve, and cooling to 30-35 ℃ to be used as a support; uniformly mixing 1 liter of support, 0.5g of naphthylacetic acid for accelerating germination and seeds as a mixed culture, pouring the mixed culture into a pot, covering a plastic film, and culturing at the temperature of between 20 and 30 ℃ for 25 to 30 days to obtain expanded green protocorm seeds;

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: the thickness of the mixed culture poured into the pot in the step (3) is 2-3 cm.

3. The method as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein the concentration of the naphthylacetic acid solution in the pregermination treatment of the seeds in the step (2) is 0.1 to 0.5 mg/L.

4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by: and (4) after sowing, scattering a layer of powdery fresh red soil, fully wetting the seedbed with water, and preserving heat and moisture by using a plastic arched shed.