CN110612866A - Dragon fruit planting method for reducing allelopathy of plants - Google Patents
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- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a dragon fruit planting method for reducing plant allelopathy, which comprises the steps of deeply ploughing soil among rows of dragon fruits in the late 4 th month, sowing sunflower and dressing seeds; sowing Trifolium pratense in the last 11 th of the month for seed dressing. The sunflower seed dressing is formed by mixing a seed dressing agent prepared from dried and crushed dragon fruit branches and plant ash with sunflower seeds; the white clover seed dressing is prepared by soaking the white clover seed dressing in a growth regulator prepared by mixing sunflower extract and indoleacetic acid, and then dressing the white clover seed dressing with activated carbon powder, konjac powder and the growth regulator. According to the invention, the seeds of the white clover and the sunflower are treated, so that the allelopathy among the intercropping crops is effectively reduced, and the intercropping crops can keep good germination rate and growth rate; moreover, the white clover and the sunflower can effectively improve the physical properties and nutrient conditions of soil, inhibit the growth of weeds and reduce the management cost of the dragon orchard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a dragon fruit planting method for reducing allelopathy of plants.
Background
Pitaya, also known as red dragon fruit, green dragon fruit, Xianmei fruit, belong to the cactaceae, genus Petasites. The pitaya has unique flavor and rich nutrition, and is rich in protein, dietary fiber, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin C, trace elements and other nutrient substances; is a fruit which is popular in recent years. The dragon fruit is tropical and subtropical fruit, is heat-resistant, drought-resistant, fertile and lean-resistant, and is suitable for growing in warm and humid environment. The Guizhou belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate, is warm and moist, has the average temperature of about 15 ℃ in most areas of the whole province and about 4-10 ℃ in 1 month, and is suitable for planting the pitaya. In recent years, the planting scale of dragon fruits in Guizhou province is also continuously expanded.
At present, the problems of low resource utilization rate, low soil moisture content, easy occurrence of diseases and insect pests and the like exist in a single planting mode of a dragon orchard. Based on the technical problems of the dragon garden in a simplified planting mode, researchers have studied intercropping of dragon fruits and other plants, and mainly intercropping pasture or green manure.
For example, the patent with the application number of 201710315478.7 discloses a method for interplanting dragon fruit and trifolium repens, and specifically discloses the following technical characteristics: (6) sowing white clover: after the dragon fruit seedlings are planted well and grow stably, the seeds of the trifoliate repens are sown in the dragon fruit planting belt in 9 months, the roots of the dragon fruits are used as the center, sowing is avoided as far as possible within 0.5 m, and therefore the normal growth of the dragon fruits is not influenced. The seed consumption per square meter is 10-15 g, the seeds are planted in a drilling mode, and the row spacing of drilling is 30 cm; the equal amount of fertile soil is used for seed dressing and then the seeding is better; keeping soil moist after sowing, and germinating 3 days and then completing the seedling 10 days later; after sowing, watering thoroughly, and watering once every 2 days to ensure soil moistening. Although the influence of the planting distance of the trifolium repens on the growth of the dragon fruit trees is considered, the influence of allelochemicals released in the growing process of the trifolium repens on the growth of the dragon fruit trees is not considered; and the growth speed of the seedling stage of the white clover is slow, the duration is long, some local malignant weeds cannot be competed, and the white clover cannot normally grow and develop due to the harm of the weeds in the seedling stage of the weeds.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a dragon fruit planting method for reducing plant allelopathy; the method is realized by the following technical scheme:
a dragon fruit planting method for reducing allelopathy of plants comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting an area with the altitude below 600m, the temperature of 1 month being more than 0 ℃ and the gradient being less than 15 ℃ as a dragon fruit planting area:
(2) planting dragon fruits: the method comprises the following steps of planting dragon fruits on a single column at a plant row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3m, cutting strong dragon fruit branches without diseases and insect pests from a cultured dragon fruit tree for 1-2 years, wherein the length of the dragon fruit branches is 60-80cm, the dragon fruit branches are inserted around cement piles in the first ten days of 3 months, and the cutting density is 444 plants/mu;
(3) planting sunflower: deeply turning over the soil between the rows of the dragon fruits in the first ten-month period of 4, sowing the male flowers and mixing the seeds between the rows of the dragon fruits in the last ten-month period of 4, and spraying water in the whole garden after sowing;
the preparation method of the sunflower seed dressing comprises the following steps: drying and crushing the pruned pitaya branches, mixing the crushed pitaya branches with plant ash in equal amount to prepare a seed dressing agent, and mixing the seed dressing agent and the sunflower seeds according to the mass ratio of 2-3: 1;
(4) planting the white clovers: sowing Trifolium repens among the dragon fruit rows in the last ten days of 11 months, cutting for 2-3 times in the next year, and covering under the dragon fruit trees after cutting;
the preparation method of the white clover seed dressing comprises the following steps: soaking Trifolium repens seeds in growth regulator for 20-30 min; then mixing the activated carbon powder, the konjac flour and the growth regulator into a seed dressing agent according to the mass ratio of 1:3-5: 1; then the seed dressing agent and the white clover seeds are mixed according to the proportion of 3-4: 1 by mass ratio. The seed dressing agent mixed by the activated carbon powder, the konjac flour and the growth regulator can form a layer of protective film on the surface of the trifolium repens seeds to prevent bacteria and viruses from invading the seeds to influence the germination rate of the trifolium repens seeds; meanwhile, the protective film can provide enough nutrients for the seeds of the trifolium repens to germinate, and prevents the sunflower and the trifolium repels for nutrients to influence the germination.
Preferably, the preparation method of the growth regulator comprises the following steps: pulverizing whole plant of sunflower, adding 10 times of 80% ethanol, reflux extracting for 30min, filtering, and recovering ethanol from filtrate to obtain sunflower extractive solution; and then adding indoleacetic acid with the mass of 1-2% into the sun flower extracting solution and mixing. The sunflower releases metabolites or secondary metabolites, namely allelochemicals, into soil in the growth process, and the allelochemicals influence the growth of the white clover; the invention uses the growth regulator containing the sunflower extract to treat the white clover seeds, and can effectively reduce the influence of allelopathy on the growth of the white clover.
Preferably, in the step (2), the method for culturing the dragon fruit tree comprises the following steps: preparing the sunflower and the white clover into water-soluble fertilizers, carrying out drip irrigation on the dragon fruit trees, and taking newly grown branches of the dragon fruit trees as cutting branches after the drip irrigation.
Preferably, the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by firstly mixing the sunflower, the white clover and the like in mass, adding about 10 times of water, decocting for 1 hour, homogenizing after decoction, and preparing into slurry; and then adding 3-5% of monopotassium phosphate by mass into the slurry and uniformly stirring. The sunflower and the white clover are intercropped in the dragon orchard, and chemical substances are released into soil in the growth process of the sunflower and the white clover and influence the growth rate of the dragon fruit trees within a certain period of time; according to the invention, the dragon fruit branches cultured by water-soluble fertilizer stress prepared from the sunflower and the white clover are taken as the cuttage branches, and the dragon fruit seedlings survived by cuttage of the cuttage branches have stronger adaptability to allelopathic substances released by the sunflower and the white clover in the growth process, and can keep good growth rate.
It should be noted that: in the planting process, the dosage of the sunflower seeds is 150-200 g/mu, and the dosage of the trifolium repens seeds is 0.8-1 kg/mu.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the sunflower seeds, the trifolium repens seeds and the cutting branches of the dragon fruits are treated by a reasonable method, so that the influence of chemical substances released into soil during the growth process of the sunflower, the trifolium repens and the dragon fruits on the growth of the sunflower, the trifolium repens and the dragon fruits can be effectively prevented, and the crops and the dragon fruit trees can keep good growth rate. The allelopathic substances released into the soil by the sunflower and the white clover can improve the material shape of the soil and increase the content of organic matters, nitrogen, potassium and other nutrients in the soil; further reducing the fertilizer consumption of the dragon fruit trees and the management cost of the dragon garden.
The invention adopts an intercropping method of sowing the sunflower firstly and then sowing the white clover, the sunflower can protect the normal growth of the white clover and prevent weeds from damaging the growth of the white clover in a seedling stage.
According to the invention, white clover and sunflower are intercropped reasonably among the dragon fruit rows, the physical properties of the dragon garden soil are improved by fully utilizing the vacant land among the dragon fruit rows, the content of organic matters, nitrogen, potassium and other nutrients in the soil is increased, and the fertilizer consumption of the dragon garden is further reduced; moreover, the threeleaf galangal leaf and the sunflower can be continuously used for many years after being sowed, chemical substances released in the growth process can also inhibit the growth of weeds, the intertillage weeding frequency is reduced, the labor investment is reduced, and meanwhile, the comprehensive production benefit is improved.
The invention also researches the treatment mode of the intercropping crop seeds and the cutting branches of the dragon fruits:
1. influence of sunflower seed treatment mode on germination: taking soil as a seedling raising substrate in a dragon orchard, and preparing sunflower seeds by adopting different seed dressing agents, wherein the seed dressing agents are used in the same amount; then, sowing different sunflower seeds in a seedling culture medium in a mixed mode, and observing the germination characteristics of the sunflower seeds; the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Effect of different seed dressings on sunflower Germination
| Seed dressing agent | Time of germination | Germination rate |
| Drying and crushing dragon fruit branches: plant ash is 1: 1 | 7.2±1.6 | 93.1％ |
| Dried and crushed dragon fruit branches | 10.2±1.5 | 78.6％ |
| Plant ash | 8.1±1.2 | 93.4％ |
| CK (seed-dressing-free, direct seeding) | 9.8±1.4 | 81.2％ |
As can be seen from the table, the seed is mixed by the crushed dragon fruit branches and the plant ash, and the sunflower seeds have shorter germination time while maintaining good germination rate.
2. Influence of the treatment mode of the Trifolium repens seeds on the germination: taking soil overgrown by sun peanuts as a seedling culture medium in a dragon orchard, adopting different treatments of the trifoliate repens seeds, then sowing the treated trifoliate repens seeds in the seedling culture medium, and observing the germination characteristics of the treated trifoliate repens seeds; the results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 Effect of different seed dressings on Trifolium repens germination
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
Example 1
A planting method for intercropping Trifolium repens and sunflower in a dragon orchard specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting an area with the altitude of 300m, the temperature of 1 month being more than 0 ℃ and the gradient of about 8 ℃ as a dragon fruit planting area:
(2) planting dragon fruits: the method comprises the following steps of planting dragon fruits on a single column at a plant row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3m, cutting strong dragon fruit branches without diseases and insect pests from a cultured dragon fruit tree for 1-2 years, wherein the length of the dragon fruit branches is 60-80cm, the dragon fruit branches are inserted around cement piles in the first ten days of 3 months, and the cutting density is 444 plants/mu;
(3) planting sunflower: deeply turning over the soil between the rows of the dragon fruits in the first ten-month period of 4, sowing sunflower seeds among the rows of the dragon fruits in the last ten-month period of 4, mixing the seeds, and spraying water in the whole garden after sowing; the preparation method of the sunflower seed dressing comprises the following steps: drying and crushing the trimmed dragon fruit branches, mixing the crushed dragon fruit branches with plant ash in equal amount to prepare a seed dressing agent, and mixing the seed dressing agent and the sunflower seeds according to a mass ratio of 2: 1;
(4) planting the white clovers: sowing Trifolium repens seeds among the dragon fruit rows in the last ten days of 11 months, cutting for 2-3 times in the next year, cutting 1000kg of fresh grass per mu, and covering under the dragon fruit trees after cutting; the preparation method of the white clover seed dressing comprises the following steps: soaking Trifolium repens seeds in growth regulator for 20-30 min; then mixing the activated carbon powder, the konjac flour and the growth regulator according to the mass ratio of 1:3:1 to form a seed dressing agent, and mixing the seed dressing agent and the trifolium repens seeds according to the mass ratio of 3:1 by mass ratio.
The preparation method of the growth regulator comprises the following steps: pulverizing whole plant of sunflower, adding 10 times of 80% ethanol, reflux extracting for 30min, filtering, and recovering ethanol from filtrate to obtain sunflower extractive solution; then adding indoleacetic acid with the mass percent of 1% into the sunflower extract and mixing.
In the step (2), the cultivation method of the dragon fruit tree comprises the following steps: preparing the sunflower and the white clover into water-soluble fertilizers, carrying out drip irrigation on the dragon fruit trees, and taking newly grown branches of the dragon fruit trees as cutting branches after the drip irrigation.
The water soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing the sunflower, the white clover and the like in mass, adding about 10 times of water, decocting for 1 hour, homogenizing after decoction, and preparing into slurry; and then adding 3% of monopotassium phosphate by mass into the slurry and uniformly stirring.
Example 2
A planting method for intercropping Trifolium repens and sunflower in a dragon orchard specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting an area with an altitude of 200m, an average temperature of more than 0 ℃ for 1 month and a gradient of about 5 degrees as a dragon fruit planting area:
(2) planting dragon fruits: the method comprises the following steps of planting dragon fruits on a single column at a plant row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3m, cutting strong dragon fruit branches without diseases and insect pests from a cultured dragon fruit tree for 1-2 years, wherein the length of the dragon fruit branches is 60-80cm, the dragon fruit branches are inserted around cement piles in the first ten days of 3 months, and the cutting density is 444 plants/mu;
(3) planting sunflower: deeply turning over the soil between the rows of the dragon fruits in the first ten-month period of 4, sowing sunflower seeds among the rows of the dragon fruits in the last ten-month period of 4, and spraying water in the whole garden after sowing; the preparation method of the sunflower seed dressing comprises the following steps: drying and crushing the trimmed dragon fruit branches, mixing the crushed dragon fruit branches with plant ash in equal amount to prepare a seed dressing agent, and mixing the seed dressing agent and the sunflower seeds according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
(4) Planting the white clovers: sowing Trifolium repens among the dragon fruit rows in the last ten days of 11 months, cutting for 2-3 times in the next year, cutting 1053kg of fresh grass per mu, and covering under the dragon fruit trees after cutting; the preparation method of the white clover seed dressing comprises the following steps: soaking Trifolium repens seeds in growth regulator for 20-30 min; then mixing the activated carbon powder, the konjac flour and the growth regulator according to the mass ratio of 1:3:1 to form a seed dressing agent, and mixing the seed dressing agent and the trifolium repens seeds according to the weight ratio of 4: 1 by mass ratio.
The preparation method of the growth regulator comprises the following steps: pulverizing whole plant of sunflower, adding 10 times of 80% ethanol, reflux extracting for 30min, filtering, and recovering ethanol from filtrate to obtain sunflower extractive solution; then adding indoleacetic acid with the mass of 1.2% into the sun flower extracting solution and mixing.
In the step (2), the cultivation method of the dragon fruit tree comprises the following steps: preparing the sunflower and the white clover into water-soluble fertilizers, carrying out drip irrigation on the dragon fruit trees, and taking newly grown branches of the dragon fruit trees as cutting branches after the drip irrigation.
The water soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing the sunflower, the white clover and the like in mass, adding about 10 times of water, decocting for 1 hour, homogenizing after decoction, and preparing into slurry; and then 4% of monopotassium phosphate is added into the slurry and stirred uniformly.
Example 3
A planting method for intercropping Trifolium repens and sunflower in a dragon orchard specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting an area with an altitude of 346m, an average temperature of more than 0 ℃ in 1 month and a gradient of about 3 degrees as a dragon fruit planting area:
(2) planting dragon fruits: the method comprises the following steps of planting dragon fruits on a single column at a plant row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3m, cutting strong dragon fruit branches without diseases and insect pests from a cultured dragon fruit tree for 1-2 years, wherein the length of the dragon fruit branches is 60-80cm, the dragon fruit branches are inserted around cement piles in the first ten days of 3 months, and the cutting density is 444 plants/mu;
(3) planting sunflower: deeply turning over the soil between the rows of the dragon fruits in the first ten-month period of 4, sowing sunflower seeds among the rows of the dragon fruits in the last ten-month period of 4, and spraying water in the whole garden after sowing; the preparation method of the sunflower seed dressing comprises the following steps: drying and crushing the trimmed dragon fruit branches, mixing the crushed dragon fruit branches with plant ash in equal amount to prepare a seed dressing agent, and mixing the seed dressing agent and the sunflower seeds according to a mass ratio of 3: 1;
(4) planting the white clovers: sowing Trifolium repens among the dragon fruit rows in the last ten days of 11 months, cutting for 2-3 times in the next year, cutting 1103kg of fresh grass per mu, and covering under the dragon fruit trees after cutting; the preparation method of the white clover seed dressing comprises the following steps: soaking Trifolium repens seeds in growth regulator for 20-30 min; then mixing the activated carbon powder, the konjac flour and the growth regulator into a seed dressing agent according to the mass ratio of 1:5: 1; then the seed dressing agent and the white clover seeds are mixed according to the proportion of 4: 1 by mass ratio.
The preparation method of the growth regulator comprises the following steps: pulverizing whole plant of sunflower, adding 10 times of 80% ethanol, reflux extracting for 30min, filtering, and recovering ethanol from filtrate to obtain sunflower extractive solution; and then adding indoleacetic acid with the mass percent of 2% into the sun flower extracting solution and mixing.
In the step (2), the cultivation method of the dragon fruit tree comprises the following steps: preparing the sunflower and the white clover into water-soluble fertilizers, carrying out drip irrigation on the dragon fruit trees, and taking newly grown branches of the dragon fruit trees as cutting branches after the drip irrigation.
The water soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing the sunflower, the white clover and the like in mass, adding about 10 times of water, decocting for 1 hour, homogenizing after decoction, and preparing into slurry; and then adding 5% of monopotassium phosphate into the slurry and uniformly stirring.
Experimental example 1
Physical properties and nutrient conditions of soil after 1 year of intercropping in the dragon orchard of example 3 were measured for the control group without intercropping, and the results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
It should be noted that the above examples and test examples are only for further illustration and understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not to be construed as further limitations of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the invention which does not highlight essential features and significant advances made by those skilled in the art still belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A dragon fruit planting method for reducing allelopathy of plants comprises selecting land, planting dragon fruit, planting sunflower, and planting Trifolium repens; the method is characterized in that the white clover is planted as follows: soaking Trifolium repens seeds in growth regulator for 20-30min, and mixing the activated carbon powder, rhizoma Amorphophalli powder and growth regulator to obtain seed-dressing agent; then mixing the seed dressing agent and the soaked trifolium repens seeds according to the proportion of 3-4: 1, mixing to prepare the white clover seed dressing; in the last 11 th month, the white clover is mixed with the dragon fruit seeds.
2. The pitaya planting method for reducing phytochemical effect according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the activated carbon powder, the konjac flour and the growth regulator in the seed dressing agent is 1:3-5: 1.
3. The method for planting dragon fruits capable of reducing phytochemicals according to claim 1, wherein the growth regulator is prepared by the following steps: pulverizing whole plant of sunflower, adding 10 times of 80% ethanol, reflux extracting for 30min, filtering, and recovering ethanol from filtrate to obtain sunflower extractive solution; and then adding indoleacetic acid with the mass of 1-2% into the sun flower extracting solution and mixing.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the sunflower planting is: drying and crushing the pruned pitaya branches, mixing the crushed pitaya branches with plant ash in equal amount to prepare a seed dressing agent, and mixing the seed dressing agent and the sunflower seeds according to the mass ratio of 2-3:1 to prepare sunflower seed dressing; then sowing sunflower seeds among the rows of the dragon fruits in the late 4 th month for seed dressing.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the dragon fruit is planted by: the method comprises the steps of planting dragon fruits on a single column with a plant-row spacing of 2m multiplied by 3m, cutting and selecting 1-2-year-old, strong and disease and insect pest-free dragon fruit branches from the cultured dragon fruit trees, wherein the length of the dragon fruit branches is 60-80cm, and the dragon fruit branches are inserted around cement piles in the first ten days of 3 months.
6. The dragon fruit planting method for reducing phytochemical effect according to claim 5, wherein the cultivation method of the dragon fruit tree is as follows: preparing the sunflower and the white clover into water-soluble fertilizers, carrying out drip irrigation on the dragon fruit trees, and taking newly grown branches of the dragon fruit trees as cutting branches after the drip irrigation.
7. The pitaya planting method for reducing phytochemical susceptibility according to claim 6, wherein the water soluble fertilizer is prepared by: firstly, mixing the sunflower, the white clover and the like, adding about 10 times of water, decocting for 1 hour, homogenizing after decoction, and preparing into serous fluid; and then adding 3-5% of monopotassium phosphate by mass into the slurry and uniformly stirring.
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| CN113317090A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-31 | 贵州省果树科学研究所(贵州省柑橘研究所、贵州省特色果蔬工程技术中心、贵州省火龙果研究所) | Method for preventing and controlling summer weeds in hilly dragon orchard |
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Application publication date: 20191227 |