CN112136614A

CN112136614A - Tomato planting method

Info

Publication number: CN112136614A
Application number: CN202010991874.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张宏; 朱海山; 杨正安; 赵凯; 杨荣萍; 韩曙
Original assignee: Yunnan Agricultural University
Current assignee: Yunnan Agricultural University
Priority date: 2020-09-21
Filing date: 2020-09-21
Publication date: 2020-12-29

Abstract

The invention provides a tomato planting method, and relates to the technical field of tomato planting. The tomato planting method comprises the following steps: seed disinfection: s1, selecting good tomato seeds, soaking the good tomato seeds in clear water for a period of time, then soaking the good tomato seeds in a trisodium phosphate solution, washing the good tomato seeds with clear water for later use after the good tomato seeds are soaked in the trisodium phosphate solution, and S2, growing seedlings: slowly stirring and soaking the seeds for standby in the S1 in warm water, germinating and culturing the soaked seeds in a seedling culture pot for standby, and S3, controlling phosphorus and carrying out soilless culture: transplanting the seedlings germinated in the S2 into a low-phosphorus culture medium at a proper distance, and changing the culture into normal phosphorus culture for later use after a period of time. The tomato planting method can effectively shorten the time from the germination of tomato seeds to the planting degree, effectively shorten the overall cultivation time of the tomatoes, further increase the annual harvesting times, achieve the yield increasing effect, effectively reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, reduce the death amount, improve the actual yield and further effectively improve the actual economic benefit.

Description

Tomato planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tomato planting, in particular to a tomato planting method.

Background

The tomato origin center is the Andes mountain area in south America, and in Peru, Ecuador, Vivia and the like, the distribution of large-area wild species still exists so far, the tomato belongs to colored tomato subspecies and green tomato subspecies, the fruit of the colored tomato subspecies has various colors when being mature, the fruit of the green tomato subspecies is green when being mature, the tomato belongs to the two complex species of ordinary cultivated species tomato and Peru tomato which are mainly divided into two complex species, wherein the ordinary tomato population comprises: common tomatoes, phyllanthus, qishi mannich tomatoes, floret tomatoes, qimescesk tomatoes, hairy tomatoes; the Peru tomato group comprises Chilean tomatoes and Peru tomatoes, but in the prior art, the tomatoes are easy to cause death of the tomato in the actual planting and transplanting processes due to soil-borne diseases, the actual planting rate of the tomatoes is influenced, the actual tomato yield is influenced, the time required from the germination of the existing tomato seeds to the planting process is long, the time required for the actual planting of the tomatoes is long, the tomato obtaining time is further prolonged, the annual yield of the tomatoes is influenced to a certain degree, and more economic losses are further caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a tomato planting method, which can effectively shorten the time from the germination of tomato seeds to normal planting, effectively reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases and the occurrence of death conditions, further effectively improve the actual annual yield of tomatoes and effectively increase the actual economic benefit.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a tomato planting method comprises the following steps:

s1, seed disinfection: selecting good tomato seeds, soaking the good tomato seeds in clear water for a period of time, then soaking the good tomato seeds in a trisodium phosphate solution, and cleaning the good tomato seeds with clear water for later use after soaking the good tomato seeds in the trisodium phosphate solution.

S2, seedling culture: and (4) putting the seeds for standby in the S1 into warm water, slowly stirring and soaking, and putting the soaked seeds into a seedling raising pot for germination and cultivation for standby.

S3, controlling phosphorus and cultivating without soil: transplanting the seedlings germinated in the S2 into a low-phosphorus culture medium at a proper distance, and changing the culture into normal phosphorus culture for later use after a period of time.

S4, adjusting and culturing: transplanting the standby seedlings in the S3 into a vermiculite and perlite mixed culture medium at a proper distance for cultivation and standby.

S5, soil disinfection and maintenance: covering the planting soil in a sealing manner by using a plastic film, spraying disinfectant diluted solution into the sealed plastic film, sealing and disinfecting for a period of time, removing the plastic film for soil insolation treatment, and fertilizing and maintaining after insolation for a period of time.

S6, transplanting: transplanting a proper amount of the seedlings for standby in the S4 into S5 for disinfection and soil maintenance;

s7, maintenance management: and controlling the day and night temperature of the planting area in the S6 by using a plastic greenhouse, reducing the early watering frequency, and normally managing the field after a period of time until the fruits are ripe.

As a further scheme of the invention: and soaking the excellent tomato seeds in clear water for 1-2h, wherein the concentration of the trisodium phosphate solution is 10%, and the soaking time is 20-30 min.

As a further scheme of the invention: the temperature of the warm water is 50-60 ℃, the stirring time is 10-15min, and the soaking time is 3-5 h.

As a further scheme of the invention: the phosphorus content of the low-phosphorus culture medium is 0.165mmol/L, and the low-phosphorus culture is finished when the fresh weight of roots is 7-8g after the seedlings are cultured.

As a further scheme of the invention: the content ratio of the vermiculite to the perlite is 1:1, and the content of the vermiculite and the perlite in the culture medium is 0.37g/cm through thin-wall dry-mass cultivation.

As a further scheme of the invention: the content of the disinfectant is 2% of the total volume of the diluted solution, the sealing and disinfecting time is 24-48h, the maintenance fertilizer adopts decomposed livestock manure and compound fertilizer, the mu dosage of the livestock manure is 10m, and the mu dosage of the compound fertilizer is 150-250 kg.

As a further scheme of the invention: the planting amount of the seedlings per mu is 1800-2200, the planting distance of the seedlings is 30-50cm, and the row spacing is 40-60 cm.

As a further scheme of the invention: the daytime temperature is controlled to be 20-30 ℃, the nighttime temperature is controlled to be 17-21 ℃, and the early watering interval is 168 h.

The invention provides a tomato planting method. The method has the following beneficial effects:

this tomato planting method, through carrying out the disinfection of seed and soaking, can effectively improve the germination percentage of seed, simultaneously can effectively accelerate the growth and development of the seed root that sprouts in accuse phosphorus soilless culture process, and then effectively shorten the time that tomato seed sprouts to the planting degree, can effectively shorten seedling transplantation preparation time through adjusting the cultivation, and then effectively shorten the whole cultivation time of tomato, and then increased annual number of times of collecting, reach the increase production effect, through soil disinfection, the maintenance can effectively eliminate germ and the pest ovum that exists in the soil, and then effectively reduce the emergence of soil-borne disease, reduce the amount of dying, improve actual output, and then effectively improve actual economic profit, can effectively improve plant individual nutrition absorbed volume through transplanting and maintenance management, promote the quality fruit, increase actual output, improve actual economic profit.

Detailed Description

The invention is illustrated below with reference to specific examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

Example 1, a tomato planting method, comprising the steps of: step one, seed disinfection: selecting excellent tomato seeds, soaking the excellent tomato seeds in clear water for a period of time, then soaking the excellent tomato seeds in a trisodium phosphate solution, cleaning the excellent tomato seeds with the clear water for later use after the trisodium phosphate is soaked, soaking the excellent tomato seeds in the clear water for 1-2 hours, wherein the concentration of the trisodium phosphate solution is 10%, and the soaking time is 20-30min, germs carried by the seeds can be effectively eliminated through the soaking of the trisodium phosphate solution, so that the germination rate of the seeds is effectively improved, the actual seedling quantity is effectively improved, the actual seedling planting quantity is increased, the actual tomato yield is effectively improved, and the second step is seedling culture: slowly stirring and soaking the seeds for standby in the first step in warm water, planting the soaked seeds into a seedling culture pot for germination and culture for standby, wherein the temperature of the warm water is 50-60 ℃, the stirring time is 10-15min, and the soaking time is 3-5h, the seeds can be better germinated by stirring and soaking in the warm water, so that the seeds can be more easily germinated and grown, the germination rate of the seeds is further improved, and the third step is phosphorus-controlled soilless culture: transplanting the germinated seedlings in the second step into a low-phosphorus culture medium at a proper distance, changing the culture into normal phosphorus supply culture for later use after a period of time, wherein the phosphorus content of the low-phosphorus culture medium is 0.165mmol/L, and the seedling culture is finished until the fresh weight of the roots is 7-8g, so that the germinated seeds can rapidly take roots and increase the roots through the early-stage low-phosphorus culture, thereby improving the actual survival rate of the seedlings, effectively shortening the time for the germinated seeds to develop into the seedlings, further effectively shortening the overall culture time of the tomatoes, and step four, adjusting and culturing: transplanting the standby seedlings in the third step into a vermiculite and perlite mixed culture medium at a proper distance for cultivation for standby, wherein the content ratio of the vermiculite to the perlite is 1:1, the content of the vermiculite and the perlite in the culture medium is 0.37g/cm, and compared with soil planting through the use of the vermiculite and the perlite, the seedling cultivation method has the advantages of proper volume weight, air permeability and water retention, further effectively promotes the growth of the seedlings, shortens the transplanting preparation time, accelerates the overall cultivation progress of tomatoes, and comprises the following steps of soil disinfection and maintenance: covering planting soil in a sealing manner by using a plastic film, spraying disinfectant diluted solution into the sealed plastic film, removing the plastic film after sealing and disinfecting for a period of time, carrying out soil insolation treatment, carrying out fertilization and maintenance after insolation for a period of time, wherein the content of the disinfectant is 2% of the total volume of the diluted solution, the sealing and disinfecting time is 24-48h, the maintenance fertilizer adopts decomposed livestock manure and compound fertilizer, the amount of the livestock manure is 10 m/mu, the amount of the compound fertilizer is 150/mu and 250kg, residual germs in the soil can be effectively eliminated by spraying the disinfectant to a plastic film sealing area, the residual disinfectant in the soil can be effectively volatilized by insolating the soil, meanwhile, the residual pest eggs in the soil can be effectively eliminated, soil-borne diseases are ensured not to easily occur after seedling planting, the occurrence of dead conditions is effectively reduced, and the actual yield is effectively improved, step six, transplanting: transplanting a proper amount of spare seedlings in the fourth step into the disinfected and maintained soil in the fifth step at equal intervals, wherein the planting amount of the seedlings per mu is 1800 plus 2200 plants, the planting distance of the seedlings is 30-50cm, the row spacing is 40-60cm, each plant individual can obtain fully-grown nutrients by adjusting the proper planting distance, the growth state of the plants is effectively improved, the yield of the plants is promoted, and the actual economic benefit is effectively improved, and the seventh step is maintenance management: and using the day and night temperature of the planting area in the step six of controlling the vinyl house to reduce the early watering frequency, normally planting and maintaining until the fruits are ripe after a period of time, controlling the temperature at 20-30 ℃ in the daytime, controlling the temperature at 17-21 ℃ at night, and controlling the early watering interval at 120-168h, wherein the plants can better absorb and precipitate nutrient substances through the control of the day and night temperature, so that better fruits can be produced, the actual yield is effectively improved, the actual economic benefit is increased, the roots of the plants can better extend to the deep part of the soil by reducing the early watering frequency, the roots of the plants are effectively strengthened, the plants can better absorb the nutrient substances, the actual growth speed of the plants is accelerated, and the actual yield is effectively improved.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tomato planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, seed disinfection: selecting excellent tomato seeds, soaking the excellent tomato seeds in clear water for a period of time, then soaking the excellent tomato seeds in a trisodium phosphate solution, and cleaning the excellent tomato seeds with clear water for later use after soaking the excellent tomato seeds in the trisodium phosphate solution;

s2, seedling culture: slowly stirring and soaking the seeds for standby in the S1 in warm water, and putting the soaked seeds into a seedling raising pot for germination and cultivation for standby;

s3, controlling phosphorus and cultivating without soil: transplanting the seedlings germinated in the S2 into a low-phosphorus culture medium at a proper distance, and changing the culture into normal phosphorus culture for later use after a period of time;

s4, adjusting and culturing: transplanting the standby seedlings in the S3 into a vermiculite and perlite mixed culture medium at a proper distance for cultivation for standby;

s5, soil disinfection and maintenance: covering the planting soil in a sealing manner by using a plastic film, spraying disinfectant diluted solution into the sealed plastic film, sealing and disinfecting for a period of time, removing the plastic film for soil insolation treatment, and carrying out fertilization and maintenance after insolation for a period of time;

s7, cultivation management: and controlling the day and night temperature of the planting area in the S6 by using a plastic greenhouse, reducing the early watering frequency, and normally managing the field after a period of time until the fruits are ripe.

2. The tomato planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tomato seeds are soaked in clear water for 1-2h according to the operation of S1, the concentration of the trisodium phosphate solution is 10%, and the soaking time is 20-30 min.

3. The tomato planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the warm water temperature is 50-60 ℃, the stirring time is 10-15min, and the soaking time is 3-5h according to the operation procedure in S2.

4. The tomato planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low-phosphorus medium has a phosphorus content of 0.165mmol/L according to the operation step of S3, and the low-phosphorus culture is terminated when the seedlings are cultured until the fresh root weight is 7-8 g.

5. The tomato planting method of claim 1, wherein the vermiculite and perlite content ratio is 1:1, and the vermiculite and perlite content in the medium is 0.37g/cm as measured by thin-wall cultivation under S4.

6. The tomato planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the disinfectant is 2% of the total volume of the diluted solution according to the operation step of S5, the sealing and disinfection time is 24-48h, the compost is prepared from decomposed livestock manure and compound fertilizer, the livestock manure is planted for 10m mu, and the compound fertilizer is planted for 150-250kg mu.

7. The tomato planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting amount of the seedlings per acre is 1800-2200 seedlings, the planting distance of the seedlings is 30-50cm, and the row spacing is 40-60cm according to the operation procedure in S6.

8. The tomato planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the daytime temperature is controlled at 20-30 ℃, the nighttime temperature is controlled at 17-21 ℃, and the early watering interval is 168h according to the operation steps in S7.