CN105340552A - Method for interplanting platycodon grandiflorum and gingko - Google Patents
Method for interplanting platycodon grandiflorum and gingko Download PDFInfo
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- CN105340552A CN105340552A CN201510865800.4A CN201510865800A CN105340552A CN 105340552 A CN105340552 A CN 105340552A CN 201510865800 A CN201510865800 A CN 201510865800A CN 105340552 A CN105340552 A CN 105340552A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for interplanting platycodon grandiflorum and gingko. The method for interplanting platycodon grandiflorum and gingko is high in yield of platycodon grandiflorum. The method comprises the following steps of 1 land selection and preparation, 2 seed selecting and planting, 3 field management and 4 harvesting and processing. The yield of platycodon grandiflorum can be effectively improved, the insect preventing function of medicine dregs, limestone and gingko is adopted and the sterilizing function of the medicine dregs and the limestone are adopted, the pesticide applying quantity and pesticide cost can be greatly reduced, then pesticide residues in platycodon grandiflorum are reduced, and the quality of platycodon grandiflorum is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, especially relate to a kind of method that balloonflower root and ginkgo are interplanted.
Background technology
Ginkgo is light demanding tree, happiness suitably moistening and well-drained deep loam, is suitable for growth in the monsoon region, subtropics of hydrothermal condition comparative superiority.All can well-grown in acid soil (pH4.5), calcareous soil (pH8.0), and with neutral or micro-sour soil optimum, the ground of not resistance to ponding, comparatively can be drought-enduring.Because ginkgo has edibility, economic worth, Ornamental value, the ecological value and medical value etc., extensively planted in China.China is not only the native place of ginkgo, and be cultivation, utilize and research ginkgo the earliest, one of countries and regions that achievement is the abundantest.Through the ages, no matter be ginkgo area under cultivation, or Ginkgo Nut Yield, China all occupies first place in the world.
Balloonflower root another name burden flower, small bell flower, mitral flower, be herbaceos perennial, stem is high 20 ~ 120 centimetres, usually without hair, even close by undercoat, not branch, few top branch.Leaf is all verticillate, and part is verticillate to whole alternate, stockless or have extremely short handle, and blade is avette, and ovum shape is oval to lanceolar, the avette or ovum shape lanceolar of leaf, and flower skipper or dark violet white, can do ornamental flower; Its root can be used as medicine, and has cough-relieving apophlegmatic, effect such as a surname lung, apocenosis etc., traditional Chinese medical science common medicine.
At present, the method of ginkgo and balloonflower root interplanting is not yet applied, ginkgo and balloonflower root is how made to realize effectively interplanting, balloonflower root is made to have higher output, and reduce dosage and drug cost, reduce balloonflower root residue of pesticide, improve the income at balloonflower root quality and plantation family, becoming solution China can use not enough another breakthrough mouth of ploughing.
Summary of the invention
Instant invention overcomes shortcoming of the prior art, provide a kind of balloonflower root output high, the method that dispenser cost low and the balloonflower root of quality better and ginkgo are interplanted.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
1, a balloonflower root and ginkgo method of interplanting, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land, whole
Select the plot that soil layer is deep, loose, fertile, plot is pressed seeding row spacing 2.5 × 3m and plants ginkgo; With ox in the middle of the adjacent rows ginkgo plough mellow soil and whole fall the foreign material such as weeds, every mu of ground is executed the become thoroughly decomposed dregs of a decoction 2500 ~ 3000 kilograms and composite fertilizer 10 kilograms and is made base fertilizer, and flatten moisture in the soil face after mixing with earth, moisture in the soil face width 0.9 ~ 1 meter, edge, moisture in the soil face lime stone fringing, two long sides arrange drain ditch, moisture in the soil face are provided with the ditch connecting drain ditch along its width, the spacing of ditch is 20 ㎝, dark 2 ㎝;
(2) breeding and propagation
Adopt seed propagation, specific as follows:
A, seed selection: Seed of Platycodon Grandiflorum selects the above non-old long-pending seed of life in 2 years;
B, presoaking and germinating: be immersed in by Seed of Platycodon Grandiflorum in about 40 DEG C warm water, constantly stir, allow seed thermally equivalent, treats that temperature drops to about 20 DEG C and eluriates with clear water, remove impurity; Soak 12 hours again, or soak seed 12 hours with 0.3% liquor potassic permanganate, then mix thoroughly with appropriate wet sand, stack after several days and plant again and can significantly improve germination rate;
C, seed propagation: 2 years vegetative period, winter sowing is November ~ January next year, every mu with Seed of Platycodon Grandiflorum 5 kilograms, after adding 30 kilograms of fused calcium magnesium phosphate seed dressings, evenly bar is sowed in shallow ridges, after planting cover tightly seed with after 1:1 humus soil and earth mixing, about 1 cm thick, after planting uses sunshade net flat cover in moisture in the soil face, and fixes windproof scraping with bamboo timber;
(3) field management
A, seedling management
To note before emerging watering, keep ground moistening, thinning is carried out during height of seedling 1 ~ 2 centimetre, pull out thin and delicate seedling, by spacing in the rows 10 ~ 12 centimetres of final singlings during height of seedling 3 ~ 4 centimetres, the strain of every mu of Basic Seedling 6 ~ 70,000, every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 40 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 10 parts, borax 8 parts, 5 parts, magnesium sulfate, adenine phosphate part, 8 parts, potash, humus 8 parts, methene succinic acid 16 parts, 80 parts, water; Thinning, final singling will in conjunction with intertill and clean tillages; During height of seedling 20 centimetres, ditch in the ranks, mu imposes superphosphate 20 ~ 25 kilograms, 13 ~ 15 kilograms, ammonium sulfate, loosen the soil after executing, fertilizer is buried sternly, every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 70 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 10 parts, borax 8 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part;
B, intertill and clean tillage
Seedling Stage should loosen the soil in diligent weeding, and the little appropriate to the occasion hand-lifting of seedling is cut weeds, in order to avoid damage the seedling, each thinning should in conjunction with weeding 1 time; Field planting intertillage in good time later, weeding, to loosen the soil, keep loosing soil without weeds, loosening the soil should be shallow, in order to avoid hinder root; Intertillage should be carried out when soil dry humidity is moderate; Plant should not carry out intertill and clean tillage after growing up and sealing ridge again;
C, prevent balloonflower root benefit root
Balloonflower root commodity with straight strip, solid, less branch off root is good; Cultivation balloonflower root often have many conjunction roots, have the also tridentate of y-bend, some main root tubbiness less than 3 centimetres, side root, supporting root 3,4; The unnecessary symptom of a trend should be rejected at any time, the most easily occur many seedlings when especially within the 2nd year, the spring turns green, now will pay special attention to, the unnecessary symptom of a trend is removed, keep strain one seedling; Execute phosphate fertilizer more simultaneously, Shaoshi helium potash fertilizer, prevent acrial part excessive growth, pinch if desired, reduce nutrient consumption, impel the normal growth of root, every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 80 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 10 parts, borax 8 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, epsilon-polylysine 12 parts, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part;
D, defloration
The balloonflower root florescence is longer, blooms and many, and growing of flowers and fruits can consume a large amount of nutriments, and defloration can reduce the consumption of nutrient, and making nutrition concentrate growth for subterranean root, is effective measures of volume increase; The balloonflower root of not reserving seed for planting will be nipped off the flowers early, generally will pinch except bud in time in squaring period, more early better, and pluck fruit after result again, effect is poor;
F, the extermination of disease and insect pest;
(4) gather and process
Generally excavate when balloonflower root plant withers; Fresh dig out after, remove earth, with bamboo cutter, ceramics etc. scrape off crust, clean dry or dry; Skin will take advantage of fresh scraping, if excavate many, fresh balloonflower root cannot be processed completely, and available sand buries, and prevents crust in dry contraction, in order to rossing.
Preferably, when balloonflower root is spread out and dried in described step (2), lay one deck pulverized limestone drying place, and spread one deck pulverized limestone on balloonflower root surface.
Preferably, the dregs of a decoction in described step (1) are the Radix Astragali, cultivated land or cassia bark.
Preferably, the dregs of a decoction in described step (1) are from the residue after pharmaceutical factory of traditional Chinese medicine's pharmacy.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention effectively can improve the output of balloonflower root, by adopting the insect protected function of the dregs of a decoction, lime stone and ginkgo, and the sterilizing function of the dregs of a decoction and lime stone, greatly can reduce formulation rate and dispenser cost, and then reduce the residue of pesticide in balloonflower root, improve the quality of balloonflower root.
Embodiment
Be clearly and completely described to the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention below, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not paying the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment one
(1) selection of land, whole
Select the plot that soil layer is deep, loose, fertile, plot is pressed seeding row spacing 2.5 × 3m and plants ginkgo; With ox in the middle of the adjacent rows ginkgo plough mellow soil and whole fall the foreign material such as weeds, every mu of ground is executed the become thoroughly decomposed dregs of a decoction 2500 kilograms and composite fertilizer 10 kilograms and is made base fertilizer, and flatten moisture in the soil face after mixing with earth, moisture in the soil face width 0.9 ~ 1 meter, edge, moisture in the soil face lime stone fringing, two long sides arrange drain ditch, moisture in the soil face are provided with the ditch connecting drain ditch along its width, the spacing of ditch is 20 ㎝, dark 2 ㎝;
(2) breeding and propagation
Adopt seed propagation, specific as follows:
A, seed selection: Seed of Platycodon Grandiflorum selects the above non-old long-pending seed of life in 2 years;
B, presoaking and germinating: be immersed in by Seed of Platycodon Grandiflorum in about 40 DEG C warm water, constantly stir, allow seed thermally equivalent, treats that temperature drops to about 20 DEG C and eluriates with clear water, remove impurity; Soak 12 hours again, mix thoroughly with appropriate wet sand, stack after several days and plant again and can significantly improve germination rate;
C, seed propagation: 2 years vegetative period, winter sowing is November ~ January next year, every mu with Seed of Platycodon Grandiflorum 5 kilograms, after adding 30 kilograms of fused calcium magnesium phosphate seed dressings, evenly bar is sowed in shallow ridges, after planting cover tightly seed with after 1:1 humus soil and earth mixing, about 1 cm thick, after planting uses sunshade net flat cover in moisture in the soil face, and fixes windproof scraping with bamboo timber;
(3) field management
A, seedling management
To note before emerging watering, keep ground moistening, thinning is carried out during height of seedling 1 ~ 2 centimetre, pull out thin and delicate seedling, by spacing in the rows 10 ~ 12 centimetres of final singlings during height of seedling 3 ~ 4 centimetres, the strain of every mu of Basic Seedling 6 ~ 70,000, every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 40 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 10 parts, borax 8 parts, 5 parts, magnesium sulfate, adenine phosphate part, 8 parts, potash, humus 8 parts, methene succinic acid 16 parts, 80 parts, water; Thinning, final singling will in conjunction with intertill and clean tillages; During height of seedling 20 centimetres, ditch in the ranks, mu imposes superphosphate 20 ~ 25 kilograms, 13 ~ 15 kilograms, ammonium sulfate, loosen the soil after executing, fertilizer is buried sternly, every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 70 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 10 parts, borax 8 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part;
B, intertill and clean tillage
Seedling Stage should loosen the soil in diligent weeding, and the little appropriate to the occasion hand-lifting of seedling is cut weeds, in order to avoid damage the seedling, each thinning should in conjunction with weeding 1 time; Field planting intertillage in good time later, weeding, to loosen the soil, keep loosing soil without weeds, loosening the soil should be shallow, in order to avoid hinder root; Intertillage should be carried out when soil dry humidity is moderate; Plant should not carry out intertill and clean tillage after growing up and sealing ridge again;
C, prevent balloonflower root benefit root
Balloonflower root commodity with straight strip, solid, less branch off root is good; Cultivation balloonflower root often have many conjunction roots, have the also tridentate of y-bend, some main root tubbiness less than 3 centimetres, side root, supporting root 3,4; The unnecessary symptom of a trend should be rejected at any time, the most easily occur many seedlings when especially within the 2nd year, the spring turns green, now will pay special attention to, the unnecessary symptom of a trend is removed, keep strain one seedling; Execute phosphate fertilizer more simultaneously, Shaoshi helium potash fertilizer, prevent acrial part excessive growth, pinch if desired, reduce nutrient consumption, impel the normal growth of root, every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 80 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 10 parts, borax 8 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, epsilon-polylysine 12 parts, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part;
D, defloration
The balloonflower root florescence is longer, blooms and many, and growing of flowers and fruits can consume a large amount of nutriments, and defloration can reduce the consumption of nutrient, and making nutrition concentrate growth for subterranean root, is effective measures of volume increase; The balloonflower root of not reserving seed for planting will be nipped off the flowers early, generally will pinch except bud in time in squaring period, more early better, and pluck fruit after result again, effect is poor;
F, the extermination of disease and insect pest
Root rot is by the microbial a kind of root disease of Fungi Imperfecti reaping hook in fungi; In 6 ~ August of period of disease, rot in yellowish-brown in initial stage root local, expand gradually later, and when falling ill serious, acrial part is withered and dead.Prevention and controls: 1. note crop rotation, drains the water away in time; In low-lying land or area of heavy rainfull plantation, high furrow should be made.2. time wholely, every 1/15 hectare of use 5 kilograms of carbendazim carry out soil disinfection; 3. diseased plant is pulled out in time, sick cave lime disinfection; 4. their early stage 50% Tuzet wetting powder, 500 times of liquid or 40% Hinosan, 1000 times of perfusions, every 15 days 1 time, use 3 ~ 4 times continuously;
Ring spot is embraced by the Fungi Imperfecti shell pin in fungi to belong to microbial disease; Main harm leaf portion, starts morbidity June, and 7 ~ August, morbidity was serious, and density is large, high temperature, how wet relevant.Be injured leaf spot lesion subcircular, diameter 5 ~ 10 millimeters, brown, tool concentric wheel stripe, upper raw pore, constantly expands time serious in flakes, blade is from bottom to top withered.Prevention and controls: 1. winter clear garden, by field deadwood, sick leaf and weeds concentrate burn; 2. summer high temperature morbidity season, strengthens field drainage; Reduce field humidity, to alleviate morbidity; 3. the bordeaux mixture of their early stage 1:1:100, or 65% zineb, 600 times of liquid, or 50% carbendazim, Tuzet 1000 times of liquid, or 1000 of thiophanate methyl times of liquid spray;
Spot blight is embraced by Fungi Imperfecti shell pin in fungi to belong to microbial a kind of leaf diseases; There is scab on leaf two sides of being fallen ill, circular or subcircular, diameter 2 ~ 5 millimeters, and white, is often limited by vein, upper raw pore; Time serious, scab converges, and blade is withered.Prevention and controls: same to ring spot;
Violet root rot is by the microbial disease of a kind of load in fungi; Harm root, first falls ill, then is extended down to main root by fibrous root; White shoestring, just in yellow-white, can be seen by disease portion, after become puce, old complaint ecto-entad rots, and appearance shoestring is woven into mycelia film, flows out rotten slag when breaking.Diseased plant turns to be yellow withered from bottom to top gradually on the ground, finally dead; Prevention and controls: 1. carry out crop rotation, pulls out diseased plant in time and burns; Lesion 10% limewash is sterilized, and controls to spread; 2. many basal dressings, improvement soil, strengthen plant premunition, every 50 ~ 100 kilograms, the 1/15 hectare of liming powder in mountain region, can alleviate harm;
Damping off is the sprout term disease caused by a kind of imperfect fungus in fungi; Mainly occur in leaf stretching period of emerging, after seedlings suffer injury, there is the water stain shape streak of yellowish-brown in sick seedling base portion, and along with PD becomes crineous, hang contracting in last sick portion, and seedling folding falls dead; Prevention and controls: 1. before sowing, every 1/15 hectare of use 75% pcnb 1 kilogram carries out soil disinfection; 2. their early stage 75% pcnb, 200 times of liquid pour lesion, the degree of depth about 5 centimetres;
Anthracnose main harm stem culm base; After this sick generation, spread rapidly, normal lodging in flakes, death; Prevention and controls: before 1. emerging, sprays 70% Tuzet, 500 times of liquid; 2. period of disease spray 1:1:100 bordeaux mixture, spray in every 10 ~ 15 days 1 time, continuous spraying 3 ~ 4 times;
Aphids etc. draw juice on balloonflower root tender leaf, young sprout, cause Leaf of Platycodon Grandiflorum to turn to be yellow, plant atrophy, undergrowth.4 ~ June causes most serious harm, and after June, temperature raises, and rainwater increases, and aphid amount reduces, and increases to insect population in August, subsequently because weather conditions are uncomfortable, produces alate viviparous female, other plant host of migrating survives the winter.Prevention and controls: 1. remove weeds in field, reduces insect density of surviving the winter; 2. 50% dichlorvos, 1000 ~ 1500 times of liquid are sprayed, or 40% Rogor, 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid;
Black cutworm often bites seedling broken from ground and pulls in hole and continues to sting food, or stings the young shoot that food is not unearthed, and causes disconnected seedling to be short of seedling; Also the young browse of totality branch can be stung when the sclerosis of balloonflower root plant base portion or wet weather; Prevention and controls: 1. remove field Weeds Around and dry branches and fallen leaves between 3 ~ April, eliminates Overwintering Larvae and pupa; 2. early morning before sunrise, checks field, finds there is aperture above near new killed seedling, cuts the earth immediately and catch and kill larva; 3. 4 ~ May, when black cutworm starts to cause harm, cave is watered with 90% chlorophos, 1000 times of liquid;
(4) gather and process
Generally excavate when balloonflower root plant withers; Fresh dig out after, remove earth, with bamboo cutter, ceramics etc. scrape off crust, clean dry or dry; Skin will take advantage of fresh scraping, if excavate many, fresh balloonflower root cannot be processed completely, and available sand buries, and prevents crust in dry contraction, in order to rossing.
Wherein, the dregs of a decoction in described step (1) are the Radix Astragali, cultivated land or cassia bark, and the dregs of a decoction are from the residue after pharmaceutical factory of traditional Chinese medicine's pharmacy.The seedling raising manners of the ginkgo cuttage seeding in described step (1) is as follows: select the old branch cuttage of ginkgo in 3 ~ April of spring, adopt fringe from finished product nursery or set large the high-quality branch choosing life in 1 ~ 2 year, cut the cutting being cut into 15 centimetres ~ 20 centimeter length, upper clip will be cut smoothly rounded, and lower clip is cut into horse ear shape; After shearing, every 50 are bundled into a bundle, and after rinsing well with clear water, then soak 1 hour with the ABT root-inducing powder of 100ppm, cuttage is in fine sand or loose nursery soil; Water sufficient water after cuttage, keep ground moistening, can take root after about 40 days; Carry out normal management after surviving, treat that Second Year is transplanted spring.
After balloonflower root is gathered, average yield per mu balloonflower root dried food and nuts 385kg, balloonflower root body surface percentage of head rice is up to more than 99.6, and dosage comparatively general planting minimizing more than 70%.
Embodiment two
(1) selection of land, whole
Select the plot that soil layer is deep, loose, fertile, plot is pressed seeding row spacing 2.5 × 3m and plants ginkgo; With ox in the middle of the adjacent rows ginkgo plough mellow soil and whole fall the foreign material such as weeds, every mu of ground is executed the become thoroughly decomposed dregs of a decoction 3000 kilograms and composite fertilizer 10 kilograms and is made base fertilizer, and flatten moisture in the soil face after mixing with earth, moisture in the soil face width 0.9 ~ 1 meter, edge, moisture in the soil face lime stone fringing, two long sides arrange drain ditch, moisture in the soil face are provided with the ditch connecting drain ditch along its width, the spacing of ditch is 20 ㎝, dark 2 ㎝;
(2) breeding and propagation
Adopt seed propagation, specific as follows:
A, seed selection: Seed of Platycodon Grandiflorum selects the above non-old long-pending seed of life in 2 years;
B, presoaking and germinating: be immersed in by Seed of Platycodon Grandiflorum in about 40 DEG C warm water, constantly stir, allow seed thermally equivalent, treats that temperature drops to about 20 DEG C and eluriates with clear water, remove impurity; Soak seed 12 hours with 0.3% liquor potassic permanganate, then mix thoroughly with appropriate wet sand, stack after several days and plant again and can significantly improve germination rate;
C, seed propagation: 2 years vegetative period, winter sowing is November ~ January next year, every mu with Seed of Platycodon Grandiflorum 5 kilograms, after adding 30 kilograms of fused calcium magnesium phosphate seed dressings, evenly bar is sowed in shallow ridges, after planting cover tightly seed with after 1:1 humus soil and earth mixing, about 1 cm thick, after planting uses sunshade net flat cover in moisture in the soil face, and fixes windproof scraping with bamboo timber;
(3) field management
A, seedling management
To note before emerging watering, keep ground moistening, thinning is carried out during height of seedling 1 ~ 2 centimetre, pull out thin and delicate seedling, by spacing in the rows 10 ~ 12 centimetres of final singlings during height of seedling 3 ~ 4 centimetres, the strain of every mu of Basic Seedling 6 ~ 70,000, every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 40 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 10 parts, borax 8 parts, 5 parts, magnesium sulfate, adenine phosphate part, 8 parts, potash, humus 8 parts, methene succinic acid 16 parts, 80 parts, water; Thinning, final singling will in conjunction with intertill and clean tillages; During height of seedling 20 centimetres, ditch in the ranks, mu imposes superphosphate 20 ~ 25 kilograms, 13 ~ 15 kilograms, ammonium sulfate, loosen the soil after executing, fertilizer is buried sternly, every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 70 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 10 parts, borax 8 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part;
B, intertill and clean tillage
Seedling Stage should loosen the soil in diligent weeding, and the little appropriate to the occasion hand-lifting of seedling is cut weeds, in order to avoid damage the seedling, each thinning should in conjunction with weeding 1 time; Field planting intertillage in good time later, weeding, to loosen the soil, keep loosing soil without weeds, loosening the soil should be shallow, in order to avoid hinder root; Intertillage should be carried out when soil dry humidity is moderate; Plant should not carry out intertill and clean tillage after growing up and sealing ridge again;
C, prevent balloonflower root benefit root
Balloonflower root commodity with straight strip, solid, less branch off root is good; Cultivation balloonflower root often have many conjunction roots, have the also tridentate of y-bend, some main root tubbiness less than 3 centimetres, side root, supporting root 3,4; The unnecessary symptom of a trend should be rejected at any time, the most easily occur many seedlings when especially within the 2nd year, the spring turns green, now will pay special attention to, the unnecessary symptom of a trend is removed, keep strain one seedling; Execute phosphate fertilizer more simultaneously, Shaoshi helium potash fertilizer, prevent acrial part excessive growth, pinch if desired, reduce nutrient consumption, impel the normal growth of root, every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 80 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 10 parts, borax 8 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, epsilon-polylysine 12 parts, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part;
D, defloration
The balloonflower root florescence is longer, blooms and many, and growing of flowers and fruits can consume a large amount of nutriments, and defloration can reduce the consumption of nutrient, and making nutrition concentrate growth for subterranean root, is effective measures of volume increase; The balloonflower root of not reserving seed for planting will be nipped off the flowers early, generally will pinch except bud in time in squaring period, more early better, and pluck fruit after result again, effect is poor;
F, the extermination of disease and insect pest
Root rot is by the microbial a kind of root disease of Fungi Imperfecti reaping hook in fungi; In 6 ~ August of period of disease, rot in yellowish-brown in initial stage root local, expand gradually later, and when falling ill serious, acrial part is withered and dead.Prevention and controls: 1. note crop rotation, drains the water away in time; In low-lying land or area of heavy rainfull plantation, high furrow should be made.2. time wholely, every 1/15 hectare of use 5 kilograms of carbendazim carry out soil disinfection; 3. diseased plant is pulled out in time, sick cave lime disinfection; 4. their early stage 50% Tuzet wetting powder, 500 times of liquid or 40% Hinosan, 1000 times of perfusions, every 15 days 1 time, use 3 ~ 4 times continuously;
Ring spot is embraced by the Fungi Imperfecti shell pin in fungi to belong to microbial disease; Main harm leaf portion, starts morbidity June, and 7 ~ August, morbidity was serious, and density is large, high temperature, how wet relevant.Be injured leaf spot lesion subcircular, diameter 5 ~ 10 millimeters, brown, tool concentric wheel stripe, upper raw pore, constantly expands time serious in flakes, blade is from bottom to top withered.Prevention and controls: 1. winter clear garden, by field deadwood, sick leaf and weeds concentrate burn; 2. summer high temperature morbidity season, strengthens field drainage; Reduce field humidity, to alleviate morbidity; 3. the bordeaux mixture of their early stage 1:1:100, or 65% zineb, 600 times of liquid, or 50% carbendazim, Tuzet 1000 times of liquid, or 1000 of thiophanate methyl times of liquid spray;
Spot blight is embraced by Fungi Imperfecti shell pin in fungi to belong to microbial a kind of leaf diseases; There is scab on leaf two sides of being fallen ill, circular or subcircular, diameter 2 ~ 5 millimeters, and white, is often limited by vein, upper raw pore; Time serious, scab converges, and blade is withered.Prevention and controls: same to ring spot;
Violet root rot is by the microbial disease of a kind of load in fungi; Harm root, first falls ill, then is extended down to main root by fibrous root; White shoestring, just in yellow-white, can be seen by disease portion, after become puce, old complaint ecto-entad rots, and appearance shoestring is woven into mycelia film, flows out rotten slag when breaking.Diseased plant turns to be yellow withered from bottom to top gradually on the ground, finally dead; Prevention and controls: 1. carry out crop rotation, pulls out diseased plant in time and burns; Lesion 10% limewash is sterilized, and controls to spread; 2. many basal dressings, improvement soil, strengthen plant premunition, every 50 ~ 100 kilograms, the 1/15 hectare of liming powder in mountain region, can alleviate harm;
Damping off is the sprout term disease caused by a kind of imperfect fungus in fungi; Mainly occur in leaf stretching period of emerging, after seedlings suffer injury, there is the water stain shape streak of yellowish-brown in sick seedling base portion, and along with PD becomes crineous, hang contracting in last sick portion, and seedling folding falls dead; Prevention and controls: 1. before sowing, every 1/15 hectare of use 75% pcnb 1 kilogram carries out soil disinfection; 2. their early stage 75% pcnb, 200 times of liquid pour lesion, the degree of depth about 5 centimetres;
Anthracnose main harm stem culm base; After this sick generation, spread rapidly, normal lodging in flakes, death; Prevention and controls: before 1. emerging, sprays 70% Tuzet, 500 times of liquid; 2. period of disease spray 1:1:100 bordeaux mixture, spray in every 10 ~ 15 days 1 time, continuous spraying 3 ~ 4 times;
Aphids etc. draw juice on balloonflower root tender leaf, young sprout, cause Leaf of Platycodon Grandiflorum to turn to be yellow, plant atrophy, undergrowth.4 ~ June causes most serious harm, and after June, temperature raises, and rainwater increases, and aphid amount reduces, and increases to insect population in August, subsequently because weather conditions are uncomfortable, produces alate viviparous female, other plant host of migrating survives the winter.Prevention and controls: 1. remove weeds in field, reduces insect density of surviving the winter; 2. 50% dichlorvos, 1000 ~ 1500 times of liquid are sprayed, or 40% Rogor, 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid;
Black cutworm often bites seedling broken from ground and pulls in hole and continues to sting food, or stings the young shoot that food is not unearthed, and causes disconnected seedling to be short of seedling; Also the young browse of totality branch can be stung when the sclerosis of balloonflower root plant base portion or wet weather; Prevention and controls: 1. remove field Weeds Around and dry branches and fallen leaves between 3 ~ April, eliminates Overwintering Larvae and pupa; 2. early morning before sunrise, checks field, finds there is aperture above near new killed seedling, cuts the earth immediately and catch and kill larva; 3. 4 ~ May, when black cutworm starts to cause harm, cave is watered with 90% chlorophos, 1000 times of liquid;
(4) gather and process
Generally excavate when balloonflower root plant withers; Fresh dig out after, remove earth, with bamboo cutter, ceramics etc. scrape off crust, clean dry or dry; Skin will take advantage of fresh scraping, if excavate many, fresh balloonflower root cannot be processed completely, and available sand buries, and prevents crust in dry contraction, in order to rossing.
Wherein, the dregs of a decoction in described step (1) are the Radix Astragali, cultivated land or cassia bark, and the dregs of a decoction are from the residue after pharmaceutical factory of traditional Chinese medicine's pharmacy.The seedling raising manners of the ginkgo cuttage seeding in described step (1) is as follows: select the old branch cuttage of ginkgo in 3 ~ April of spring, adopt fringe from finished product nursery or set large the high-quality branch choosing life in 1 ~ 2 year, cut the cutting being cut into 15 centimetres ~ 20 centimeter length, upper clip will be cut smoothly rounded, and lower clip is cut into horse ear shape; After shearing, every 50 are bundled into a bundle, and after rinsing well with clear water, then soak 1 hour with the ABT root-inducing powder of 100ppm, cuttage is in fine sand or loose nursery soil; Water sufficient water after cuttage, keep ground moistening, can take root after about 40 days; Carry out normal management after surviving, treat that Second Year is transplanted spring.
After balloonflower root is gathered, average yield per mu balloonflower root dried food and nuts 390kg, balloonflower root body surface percentage of head rice is up to more than 99.6, and dosage comparatively general planting minimizing more than 70%.
Embodiment three
(1) selection of land, whole
Select the plot that soil layer is deep, loose, fertile, plot is pressed seeding row spacing 2.5 × 3m and plants ginkgo; With ox in the middle of the adjacent rows ginkgo plough mellow soil and whole fall the foreign material such as weeds, every mu of ground is executed the become thoroughly decomposed dregs of a decoction 2800 kilograms and composite fertilizer 10 kilograms and is made base fertilizer, and flatten moisture in the soil face after mixing with earth, moisture in the soil face width 0.9 ~ 1 meter, edge, moisture in the soil face lime stone fringing, two long sides arrange drain ditch, moisture in the soil face are provided with the ditch connecting drain ditch along its width, the spacing of ditch is 20 ㎝, dark 2 ㎝;
(2) breeding and propagation
Adopt seed propagation, specific as follows:
A, seed selection: Seed of Platycodon Grandiflorum selects the above non-old long-pending seed of life in 2 years;
B, presoaking and germinating: be immersed in by Seed of Platycodon Grandiflorum in about 40 DEG C warm water, constantly stir, allow seed thermally equivalent, treats that temperature drops to about 20 DEG C and eluriates with clear water, remove impurity; Soak 12 hours again, or soak seed 12 hours with 0.3% liquor potassic permanganate, then mix thoroughly with appropriate wet sand, stack after several days and plant again and can significantly improve germination rate;
C, seed propagation: 2 years vegetative period, winter sowing is November ~ January next year, every mu with Seed of Platycodon Grandiflorum 5 kilograms, after adding 30 kilograms of fused calcium magnesium phosphate seed dressings, evenly bar is sowed in shallow ridges, after planting cover tightly seed with after 1:1 humus soil and earth mixing, about 1 cm thick, after planting uses sunshade net flat cover in moisture in the soil face, and fixes windproof scraping with bamboo timber;
(3) field management
A, seedling management
To note before emerging watering, keep ground moistening, thinning is carried out during height of seedling 1 ~ 2 centimetre, pull out thin and delicate seedling, by spacing in the rows 10 ~ 12 centimetres of final singlings during height of seedling 3 ~ 4 centimetres, the strain of every mu of Basic Seedling 6 ~ 70,000, every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 40 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 10 parts, borax 8 parts, 5 parts, magnesium sulfate, adenine phosphate part, 8 parts, potash, humus 8 parts, methene succinic acid 16 parts, 80 parts, water; Thinning, final singling will in conjunction with intertill and clean tillages; During height of seedling 20 centimetres, ditch in the ranks, mu imposes superphosphate 20 ~ 25 kilograms, 13 ~ 15 kilograms, ammonium sulfate, loosen the soil after executing, fertilizer is buried sternly, every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 70 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 10 parts, borax 8 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part;
B, intertill and clean tillage
Seedling Stage should loosen the soil in diligent weeding, and the little appropriate to the occasion hand-lifting of seedling is cut weeds, in order to avoid damage the seedling, each thinning should in conjunction with weeding 1 time; Field planting intertillage in good time later, weeding, to loosen the soil, keep loosing soil without weeds, loosening the soil should be shallow, in order to avoid hinder root; Intertillage should be carried out when soil dry humidity is moderate; Plant should not carry out intertill and clean tillage after growing up and sealing ridge again;
C, prevent balloonflower root benefit root
Balloonflower root commodity with straight strip, solid, less branch off root is good; Cultivation balloonflower root often have many conjunction roots, have the also tridentate of y-bend, some main root tubbiness less than 3 centimetres, side root, supporting root 3,4; The unnecessary symptom of a trend should be rejected at any time, the most easily occur many seedlings when especially within the 2nd year, the spring turns green, now will pay special attention to, the unnecessary symptom of a trend is removed, keep strain one seedling; Execute phosphate fertilizer more simultaneously, Shaoshi helium potash fertilizer, prevent acrial part excessive growth, pinch if desired, reduce nutrient consumption, impel the normal growth of root, every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 80 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 10 parts, borax 8 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, epsilon-polylysine 12 parts, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part;
D, defloration
The balloonflower root florescence is longer, blooms and many, and growing of flowers and fruits can consume a large amount of nutriments, and defloration can reduce the consumption of nutrient, and making nutrition concentrate growth for subterranean root, is effective measures of volume increase; The balloonflower root of not reserving seed for planting will be nipped off the flowers early, generally will pinch except bud in time in squaring period, more early better, and pluck fruit after result again, effect is poor;
F, the extermination of disease and insect pest
Root rot is by the microbial a kind of root disease of Fungi Imperfecti reaping hook in fungi; In 6 ~ August of period of disease, rot in yellowish-brown in initial stage root local, expand gradually later, and when falling ill serious, acrial part is withered and dead.Prevention and controls: 1. note crop rotation, drains the water away in time; In low-lying land or area of heavy rainfull plantation, high furrow should be made.2. time wholely, every 1/15 hectare of use 5 kilograms of carbendazim carry out soil disinfection; 3. diseased plant is pulled out in time, sick cave lime disinfection; 4. their early stage 50% Tuzet wetting powder, 500 times of liquid or 40% Hinosan, 1000 times of perfusions, every 15 days 1 time, use 3 ~ 4 times continuously;
Ring spot is embraced by the Fungi Imperfecti shell pin in fungi to belong to microbial disease; Main harm leaf portion, starts morbidity June, and 7 ~ August, morbidity was serious, and density is large, high temperature, how wet relevant.Be injured leaf spot lesion subcircular, diameter 5 ~ 10 millimeters, brown, tool concentric wheel stripe, upper raw pore, constantly expands time serious in flakes, blade is from bottom to top withered.Prevention and controls: 1. winter clear garden, by field deadwood, sick leaf and weeds concentrate burn; 2. summer high temperature morbidity season, strengthens field drainage; Reduce field humidity, to alleviate morbidity; 3. the bordeaux mixture of their early stage 1:1:100, or 65% zineb, 600 times of liquid, or 50% carbendazim, Tuzet 1000 times of liquid, or 1000 of thiophanate methyl times of liquid spray;
Spot blight is embraced by Fungi Imperfecti shell pin in fungi to belong to microbial a kind of leaf diseases; There is scab on leaf two sides of being fallen ill, circular or subcircular, diameter 2 ~ 5 millimeters, and white, is often limited by vein, upper raw pore; Time serious, scab converges, and blade is withered.Prevention and controls: same to ring spot;
Violet root rot is by the microbial disease of a kind of load in fungi; Harm root, first falls ill, then is extended down to main root by fibrous root; White shoestring, just in yellow-white, can be seen by disease portion, after become puce, old complaint ecto-entad rots, and appearance shoestring is woven into mycelia film, flows out rotten slag when breaking.Diseased plant turns to be yellow withered from bottom to top gradually on the ground, finally dead; Prevention and controls: 1. carry out crop rotation, pulls out diseased plant in time and burns; Lesion 10% limewash is sterilized, and controls to spread; 2. many basal dressings, improvement soil, strengthen plant premunition, every 50 ~ 100 kilograms, the 1/15 hectare of liming powder in mountain region, can alleviate harm;
Damping off is the sprout term disease caused by a kind of imperfect fungus in fungi; Mainly occur in leaf stretching period of emerging, after seedlings suffer injury, there is the water stain shape streak of yellowish-brown in sick seedling base portion, and along with PD becomes crineous, hang contracting in last sick portion, and seedling folding falls dead; Prevention and controls: 1. before sowing, every 1/15 hectare of use 75% pcnb 1 kilogram carries out soil disinfection; 2. their early stage 75% pcnb, 200 times of liquid pour lesion, the degree of depth about 5 centimetres;
Anthracnose main harm stem culm base; After this sick generation, spread rapidly, normal lodging in flakes, death; Prevention and controls: before 1. emerging, sprays 70% Tuzet, 500 times of liquid; 2. period of disease spray 1:1:100 bordeaux mixture, spray in every 10 ~ 15 days 1 time, continuous spraying 3 ~ 4 times;
Aphids etc. draw juice on balloonflower root tender leaf, young sprout, cause Leaf of Platycodon Grandiflorum to turn to be yellow, plant atrophy, undergrowth.4 ~ June causes most serious harm, and after June, temperature raises, and rainwater increases, and aphid amount reduces, and increases to insect population in August, subsequently because weather conditions are uncomfortable, produces alate viviparous female, other plant host of migrating survives the winter.Prevention and controls: 1. remove weeds in field, reduces insect density of surviving the winter; 2. 50% dichlorvos, 1000 ~ 1500 times of liquid are sprayed, or 40% Rogor, 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid;
Black cutworm often bites seedling broken from ground and pulls in hole and continues to sting food, or stings the young shoot that food is not unearthed, and causes disconnected seedling to be short of seedling; Also the young browse of totality branch can be stung when the sclerosis of balloonflower root plant base portion or wet weather; Prevention and controls: 1. remove field Weeds Around and dry branches and fallen leaves between 3 ~ April, eliminates Overwintering Larvae and pupa; 2. early morning before sunrise, checks field, finds there is aperture above near new killed seedling, cuts the earth immediately and catch and kill larva; 3. 4 ~ May, when black cutworm starts to cause harm, cave is watered with 90% chlorophos, 1000 times of liquid;
(4) gather and process
Generally excavate when balloonflower root plant withers; Fresh dig out after, remove earth, with bamboo cutter, ceramics etc. scrape off crust, clean dry or dry; Skin will take advantage of fresh scraping, if excavate many, fresh balloonflower root cannot be processed completely, and available sand buries, and prevents crust in dry contraction, in order to rossing.
Wherein, the dregs of a decoction in described step (1) are the Radix Astragali, cultivated land or cassia bark, and the dregs of a decoction are from the residue after pharmaceutical factory of traditional Chinese medicine's pharmacy.The seedling raising manners of the ginkgo cuttage seeding in described step (1) is as follows: select the old branch cuttage of ginkgo in 3 ~ April of spring, adopt fringe from finished product nursery or set large the high-quality branch choosing life in 1 ~ 2 year, cut the cutting being cut into 15 centimetres ~ 20 centimeter length, upper clip will be cut smoothly rounded, and lower clip is cut into horse ear shape; After shearing, every 50 are bundled into a bundle, and after rinsing well with clear water, then soak 1 hour with the ABT root-inducing powder of 100ppm, cuttage is in fine sand or loose nursery soil; Water sufficient water after cuttage, keep ground moistening, can take root after about 40 days; Carry out normal management after surviving, treat that Second Year is transplanted spring.
After balloonflower root is gathered, average yield per mu balloonflower root dried food and nuts 386kg, balloonflower root body surface percentage of head rice is up to more than 99.6, and dosage comparatively general planting minimizing more than 70%.
Comparative example
Adopt general planting method to plant balloonflower root in identical plot, balloonflower root average yield per mu about 250kg, and body surface percentage of head rice is only about 90%.
Implantation methods of the present invention can reduce the incidence of damage by disease and insect greatly, effectively reduces dosage and drug cost.After effective minimizing of dosage, the residue of pesticide of balloonflower root are also able to effective reduction, and quality is able to effective raising.And after reduction Pesticide use, environmental pollution also alleviates relatively.Entered experimental planting to show, the present invention is by the insect protected function of the dregs of a decoction, lime stone and ginkgo, and the sterilizing function of the dregs of a decoction and lime stone, and the whole growth cycle dosage of balloonflower root can reduce more than 70%, greatly reduces drug cost and dispenser cost.Chinese medicine slag simultaneously after extracting has multiple organic components and active carbon composition, after hot fermentation, for improving soil, increasing soil fertility and having obvious effect.The fiber that many Chinese medicine contains is fewer, and as the Radix Astragali, cultivated land, cassia bark etc., loosely organized, can improve loosing soil degree energetically, the growth for balloonflower root provides good growing space, and the comparable general planting of output (weight) of balloonflower root improves more than 10%.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a balloonflower root and ginkgo method of interplanting, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land, whole
Select the plot that soil layer is deep, loose, fertile, plot is pressed seeding row spacing 2.5 × 3m and plants ginkgo; With ox in the middle of the adjacent rows ginkgo plough mellow soil and whole fall the foreign material such as weeds, every mu of ground is executed the become thoroughly decomposed dregs of a decoction 2500 ~ 3000 kilograms and composite fertilizer 10 kilograms and is made base fertilizer, and flatten moisture in the soil face after mixing with earth, moisture in the soil face width 0.9 ~ 1 meter, edge, moisture in the soil face lime stone fringing, two long sides arrange drain ditch, moisture in the soil face are provided with the ditch connecting drain ditch along its width, the spacing of ditch is 20 ㎝, dark 2 ㎝;
(2) breeding and propagation
Adopt seed propagation, specific as follows:
A, seed selection: Seed of Platycodon Grandiflorum selects the above non-old long-pending seed of life in 2 years;
B, presoaking and germinating: be immersed in by Seed of Platycodon Grandiflorum in about 40 DEG C warm water, constantly stir, allow seed thermally equivalent, treats that temperature drops to about 20 DEG C and eluriates with clear water, remove impurity; Soak 12 hours again, or soak seed 12 hours with 0.3% liquor potassic permanganate, then mix thoroughly with appropriate wet sand, stack after several days and plant again and can significantly improve germination rate;
C, seed propagation: 2 years vegetative period, winter sowing is November ~ January next year, every mu with Seed of Platycodon Grandiflorum 5 kilograms, after adding 30 kilograms of fused calcium magnesium phosphate seed dressings, evenly bar is sowed in shallow ridges, after planting cover tightly seed with after 1:1 humus soil and earth mixing, about 1 cm thick, after planting uses sunshade net flat cover in moisture in the soil face, and fixes windproof scraping with bamboo timber;
(3) field management
A, seedling management
To note before emerging watering, keep ground moistening, thinning is carried out during height of seedling 1 ~ 2 centimetre, pull out thin and delicate seedling, by spacing in the rows 10 ~ 12 centimetres of final singlings during height of seedling 3 ~ 4 centimetres, the strain of every mu of Basic Seedling 6 ~ 70,000, every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 40 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 10 parts, borax 8 parts, 5 parts, magnesium sulfate, adenine phosphate part, 8 parts, potash, humus 8 parts, methene succinic acid 16 parts, 80 parts, water; Thinning, final singling will in conjunction with intertill and clean tillages; During height of seedling 20 centimetres, ditch in the ranks, mu imposes superphosphate 20 ~ 25 kilograms, 13 ~ 15 kilograms, ammonium sulfate, loosen the soil after executing, fertilizer is buried sternly, every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 70 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 10 parts, borax 8 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part;
B, intertill and clean tillage
Seedling Stage should loosen the soil in diligent weeding, and the little appropriate to the occasion hand-lifting of seedling is cut weeds, in order to avoid damage the seedling, each thinning should in conjunction with weeding 1 time; Field planting intertillage in good time later, weeding, to loosen the soil, keep loosing soil without weeds, loosening the soil should be shallow, in order to avoid hinder root; Intertillage should be carried out when soil dry humidity is moderate; Plant should not carry out intertill and clean tillage after growing up and sealing ridge again;
C, prevent balloonflower root benefit root
Balloonflower root commodity with straight strip, solid, less branch off root is good; Cultivation balloonflower root often have many conjunction roots, have the also tridentate of y-bend, some main root tubbiness less than 3 centimetres, side root, supporting root 3,4; The unnecessary symptom of a trend should be rejected at any time, the most easily occur many seedlings when especially within the 2nd year, the spring turns green, now will pay special attention to, the unnecessary symptom of a trend is removed, keep strain one seedling; Execute phosphate fertilizer more simultaneously, Shaoshi helium potash fertilizer, prevent acrial part excessive growth, pinch if desired, reduce nutrient consumption, impel the normal growth of root, every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 80 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 10 parts, borax 8 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, epsilon-polylysine 12 parts, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part;
D, defloration
The balloonflower root florescence is longer, blooms and many, and growing of flowers and fruits can consume a large amount of nutriments, and defloration can reduce the consumption of nutrient, and making nutrition concentrate growth for subterranean root, is effective measures of volume increase; The balloonflower root of not reserving seed for planting will be nipped off the flowers early, generally will pinch except bud in time in squaring period, more early better, and pluck fruit after result again, effect is poor;
F, the extermination of disease and insect pest;
(4) gather and process
Generally excavate when balloonflower root plant withers; Fresh dig out after, remove earth, with bamboo cutter, ceramics etc. scrape off crust, clean dry or dry; Skin will take advantage of fresh scraping, if excavate many, fresh balloonflower root cannot be processed completely, and available sand buries, and prevents crust in dry contraction, in order to rossing.
2. balloonflower root and the ginkgo method of interplanting according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the dregs of a decoction in described step (1) are the Radix Astragali, cultivated land or cassia bark.
3. balloonflower root and the ginkgo method of interplanting according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the dregs of a decoction in described step (1) are from the residue after pharmaceutical factory of traditional Chinese medicine's pharmacy.
4. balloonflower root and the ginkgo method of interplanting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the seedling raising manners of the ginkgo cuttage seeding in described step (1) is as follows: select the old branch cuttage of ginkgo in 3 ~ April of spring, adopt fringe from finished product nursery or set large the high-quality branch choosing life in 1 ~ 2 year, cut the cutting being cut into 15 centimetres ~ 20 centimeter length, upper clip will be cut smoothly rounded, and lower clip is cut into horse ear shape; After shearing, every 50 are bundled into a bundle, and after rinsing well with clear water, then soak 1 hour with the ABT root-inducing powder of 100ppm, cuttage is in fine sand or loose nursery soil; Water sufficient water after cuttage, keep ground moistening, can take root after about 40 days; Carry out normal management after surviving, treat that Second Year is transplanted spring.
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