CN111280010A

CN111280010A - Planting method for high-yield spring soybeans

Info

Publication number: CN111280010A
Application number: CN202010221157.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘骕骦; 刘燕敏; 李阳
Original assignee: Huzhou University
Current assignee: Huzhou University
Priority date: 2020-03-26
Filing date: 2020-03-26
Publication date: 2020-06-16

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method of high-yield spring soybeans, which comprises the following steps: step one, farmland treatment: after autumn harvest, deep ploughing and turning the paddy field, cultivating soil, and carrying out shallow ploughing, fine harrowing, stubble cleaning and ridging in the next year; step two, seed treatment: sterilizing soybean seeds, soaking in warm water and drying in the shade; step three, sowing and planting: opening holes in the soil, sowing, covering soil, spreading base fertilizer and watering; step four, field management: after emergence of seedlings, replanting seedlings, regularly topdressing and killing pests. The method can effectively improve the soil structure through farmland treatment, improve the land productivity, effectively reduce bean source insect damage through seed treatment, improve the rhizobium content of bean seeds, improve the absorption rate of the bean seeds to soil nutrition, effectively improve the nutrition foundation of bean seedling growth through seeding planting, promote the bean seedling to grow in length, and effectively promote the bean seedling to grow stably through field management, thereby improving the quality of soybean and improving the yield of soybean.

Description

Planting method for high-yield spring soybeans

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a planting method of high-yield spring soybeans.

Background

Soybeans, commonly known as soybeans, are of the family dicotyledonae. Soybean is an important economic crop and a dual-purpose crop of food and feed in China, and has been cultivated for five thousand years. Soybeans are most commonly used for making various bean products, extracting soybean oil, brewing soy sauce, and extracting protein, and are one of the most common foods. The spring soybeans are soybeans sown in spring, belong to early-maturing or middle-early-maturing crops with weak short illumination, and particularly play an important role in adjusting the planting industry structure in the area and meeting the dietary structure change of people in the south spring soybeans in recent years.

In patent application publication No. CN 106973683A, a high-yield soybean planting method is disclosed, which comprises sterilizing, cleaning, soaking and coating high-quality soybean seeds with seed coating agent; sowing in spring and summer; fertilizing and managing; preventing and controlling soybean pod borers; 18 days in 8 months to 22 days in 8 months are the flourishing stage of the yellow rice borer pod, and the yellow rice borer killer is sprayed for 3 to 4 times to prevent and treat the yellow rice borer in time; harvesting at proper time when the seeds are mature. The planting method can improve the yield of the soybeans, has strong adaptability, is particularly suitable for planting high-quality soybeans, ensures that the bred soybeans have high yield, wide adaptability, strong stress resistance and excellent quality, is suitable for mechanical cultivation, adopts seed coating agents to mix and wrap the seeds, reduces the incidence rate of soybean diseases and insect pests, is natural, green and pollution-free, and also has a certain water retention effect. However, it has the following disadvantages: the application does not improve soybean planting land, the gas permeability and the nutrition degree of soil can't be guaranteed in fertile land after planting throughout the year, very easily make the beans reduce production because of the nutrition is not enough to appear in soil, and do not carry out pertinence fertilization and management to seedling stage soybean in addition, easily make the beans seedling reduce because of the nutrition in the later stage of growing, the lodging phenomenon appears in the soil hardening, can't improve the absorptivity of beans to soil nutrition, can't guarantee the stable growth of soybean, very easily cause the soybean to reduce production.

Disclosure of Invention

1. Technical problem to be solved

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a high-yield spring soybean planting method, which can effectively improve the soil structure, improve the land productivity, effectively improve the absorption rate of soybean seeds on soil nutrition, promote the growth and the growth of soybean seedlings, effectively improve the quality of soybeans and improve the yield of soybeans.

2. Technical scheme

In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a planting method of high-yield spring soybeans comprises the following steps:

step one, farmland treatment: deep ploughing and turning the rice field after autumn harvest every year, wherein the ploughing depth is 25-30 cm, spreading organic fertilizer and sandy loam for soil cultivation after ploughing, performing shallow ploughing and fine harrowing and stubble cleaning on the rice field after spring beginning in the next year, wherein the stubble cleaning depth is 10-15 cm, ridging the rice field after stubble cleaning, the ridge height is 20-25 cm, and the ridge distance is 25-30 cm;

step two, seed treatment: selecting full-grain, breakage-free, insect-eye-free and mildew-free soybean seeds, putting the soybean seeds into saline water for disinfection for 1-2 hours, slowly stirring in the disinfection process, putting the disinfected soybean seeds into warm water at 20-25 ℃ for soaking for 18-20 hours, adding a proper amount of rhizobium inoculant into the water after soaking, slowly stirring for 30-60 min, and finally drying the treated soybean seeds in the shade for 4-6 hours;

step three, sowing and planting: after the average temperature gradually exceeds 15 ℃ in the same day, opening holes in the ridged soil, wherein the depth of the holes is 2-3 cm, the distance between every two holes is 20-30 cm, sowing 3-4 soybean seeds dried in the shade in each hole, covering the soil while sowing, wherein the covering thickness is 1-2 cm, and finally, scattering a proper amount of base fertilizer in each hole and watering;

step four, field management: checking seedlings after the soybean seedlings emerge, carrying out seedling shortage and seedling supplement, thinning and final singling after the soybean seedlings grow 1 leaf and 1 heart, dressing fertilizer once every 15-20 days, killing insects once every month until the soybean seedlings blossom and pod, killing the insects once every 8-10 days, supplementing the fertilizer once every 8-10 days, and carrying out intertillage 3 times in the whole seedling period, wherein the intertillage depth is implemented according to the principle of shallow-deep-shallow.

Specifically, in the first step, the fertilizing amount of the organic fertilizer is 1000-1500 kg per mu of land, and the spreading thickness of sandy loam is 0.5-1 cm.

Specifically, the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting plant ash, plant fallen leaves, straw fragments and chicken manure with a proper amount of rhizobium inoculant, wherein the weight ratio of the plant ash to the plant fallen leaves to the straw fragments to the chicken manure is 5: 0.5: 3: 1.5, the consumption of the rhizobium inoculant is 1-2 kg per mu of land, and the straw pieces can be formed by crushing the residual soybean straws harvested in the past year.

Specifically, in the second step, the weight ratio of the rhizobium inoculant to the warm water to the soybean seeds is 1: 1.2: 20.

specifically, the base fertilizer in the third step is a mixture of a nitrogen fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, and the weight ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer is 7: 3.

specifically, in the fourth step, during the final singling period, a fertilizer is used as a nitrogen fertilizer, the fertilizing amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 6000kg per mu of land, the fertilizer for supplementing and topdressing after the bean seedlings blossom and pod bearing is a urea compound fertilizer and a phosphorus-potassium micro fertilizer, the urea compound fertilizer needs to be diluted by water by 5-10 kg per mu of land and then applied in holes, and the phosphorus-potassium micro fertilizer needs to be diluted by water by 50kg per mu of land by 100g and then uniformly sprayed on the front and back surfaces of the leaves for 2 times; the pesticide adopted in the final singling period is 40% omethoate emulsion diluted by 1000-1500 times, and the pesticide adopted after pod setting of bean seedlings is acephate diluted by 1500 times.

Specifically, after the bean seedlings blossom and pod, watering is carried out once at intervals of 1-2 days on a sunny day, and watering is carried out again at intervals of 3-5 days on a rainy day.

3. Advantageous effects

(1) According to the invention, the organic fertilizer and sandy loam are spread for soil cultivation after the land is ploughed, so that the soil structure can be effectively improved through plant ash, plant fallen leaves, straw fragments and chicken manure in the organic fertilizer, the soil nutrient activity is improved, the soil ecological environment is purified, the soil fertility and the soil productivity are increased, a good growth environment is provided for soybeans planted in the next year, and the high yield of the soybeans is promoted; the laid sandy loam can reduce volatilization of organic fertilizers, improve the absorption rate of the soil to the organic fertilizers, can also cause different physicochemical properties of the soil, improve the water retention capacity, corrosion resistance and permeability of the soil, is convenient to be fully mixed with the soil of the rice field after shallow ploughing and fine harrowing in the next year, improves the soil property of the planted rice field, and accordingly improves the yield of the planted soybeans.

(2) According to the soybean seed soaking method, soybean seeds are disinfected and then soaked, so that germs on the surfaces of the seed coats can be effectively killed, bean source insect pests are reduced, the rhizobium inoculant is added into the soaked warm water and stirred, the rhizobium inoculant can be effectively diluted and then is contacted with each bean, the rhizobium content of the bean is conveniently improved through the rhizobium inoculant, the absorption rate of the plant to soil nutrition after germination is further improved, the plant is helped to better absorb nutrient substances for growth, and the purpose of improving the yield of the soybeans is achieved.

(3) According to the bean seedling planting method, reasonable thinning can be effectively carried out through interval sowing and earthing fertilization, air flow among bean seedlings is increased, the seedlings can be guaranteed to obtain sufficient illumination, and then the healthy growth of the bean seedlings is promoted; and the mixture of the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, so that the soil fertility can be further improved, the trace elements of the soil can be enhanced, the nutrition base for bean seedling growth can be improved, the soybean seedlings can emerge and nodulate to fix nitrogen, and the bean seedlings can be promoted to grow.

(4) According to the invention, the soybean seedlings are subjected to seedling supplement, additional fertilization and disinsection after emergence of the soybean seedlings, so that the nutritive value of the soybean seedlings in the seedling stage and the soil after flowering and pod setting is effectively ensured, the content of trace elements in the soil is improved, the stable growth of the soybean seedlings is promoted, the lodging and yield reduction of the soybean seedlings are avoided, and the influence of plant diseases and insect pests on the yield of the soybean seedlings is reduced; and proper intertillage and watering are matched in the whole seedling stage, so that the phenomenon of soil hardening can be effectively broken, the air permeability of soil is improved, the water content of the soil is ensured, and the high yield of the soybeans is ensured.

In conclusion, the planting method of the high-yield spring soybeans can effectively improve the soil structure through farmland treatment, improve the land productivity, effectively reduce the bean source insect pests through seed treatment, improve the rhizobium content of bean seeds, improve the absorption rate of the bean seeds to soil nutrition, effectively improve the nutrition foundation of bean seedling growth through seeding planting, promote the bean seedling to grow well, and effectively promote the stable growth of the bean seedlings through field management, thereby improving the quality of the soybeans and improving the yield of the soybeans.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

Example 1

A planting method of high-yield spring soybeans comprises the following steps:

step one, farmland treatment: the method is characterized in that the rice field is deeply ploughed and ploughed after autumn harvest every year, the ploughing depth is 25cm, organic fertilizer and sandy loam are spread to cultivate soil after ploughing, the fertilizing amount of the organic fertilizer is 1000kg per mu of land, the spreading thickness of the sandy loam is 0.5cm, the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing a product obtained by mixing and fermenting plant ash, plant fallen leaves, straw fragments and chicken manure with a proper amount of rhizobium inoculant, and the weight ratio of the plant ash, the plant fallen leaves, the straw fragments and the chicken manure is 5: 0.5: 3: 1.5, the consumption of the rhizobium inoculant is 1kg per mu of land, the straw pieces can be formed by crushing the residual soybean straws harvested in the previous year, shallow ploughing and fine harrowing and stubble cleaning are carried out on the rice field after the spring opening in the next year, the stubble cleaning depth is 10cm, ridging is carried out on the rice field after the stubble cleaning, the ridge height is 20cm, and the ridge interval is 25 cm;

step two, seed treatment: selecting soybean seeds with full grains, no damage, no wormhole and no mildew, putting the soybean seeds into saline water for disinfection for 1h, slowly stirring in the disinfection process, putting the disinfected soybean seeds into warm water at 25 ℃ for soaking for 18h, adding a proper amount of rhizobium inoculant into the water after the soaking is finished, and slowly stirring, wherein the stirring time is 30min, and the weight ratio of the rhizobium inoculant to the warm water to the soybean seeds is 1: 1.2: 20, finally drying the treated soybean seeds in the shade for 6 hours;

step three, sowing and planting: after the average temperature gradually exceeds 15 ℃ in the same day, opening holes in the ridged soil, wherein the depth of each hole is 2cm, the distance between every two holes is 20cm, sowing 3 soybean seeds dried in the shade in each hole, covering the soil while sowing, covering the soil with the thickness of 1cm, finally scattering a proper amount of base fertilizer in each hole and watering, wherein the base fertilizer is a mixture of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, and the weight ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer is 7: 3;

step four, field management: checking seedlings after the soybean seedlings emerge, lacking and supplementing the seedlings, thinning and setting the seedlings after the soybean seedlings grow 1 leaf and 1 heart, topdressing once every 15 days, killing insects once every month until the soybean seedlings bloom and pod, and supplementing fertilizer once every 8 days, wherein the topdressing adopts fertilizer as nitrogen fertilizer during the setting period, the fertilizing amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 6000kg per mu of land, the fertilizer supplemented and topdressed after the soybean seedlings bloom and pod is urea compound fertilizer and phosphorus-potassium micro fertilizer, the urea compound fertilizer needs to be diluted by 5kg water per mu of land and then applied in holes, and the phosphorus-potassium micro fertilizer needs to be diluted by 100g water 50kg per mu of land and then uniformly sprayed on the front and back surfaces of the leaves for 2 times; the pesticide adopted during the final singling period is 40% omethoate emulsion diluted by 1000 times, the pesticide adopted after the bean seedlings are pod bearing is acephate diluted by 1500 times, the whole seedling period is intertillage for 3 times, and the intertillage depth is implemented according to the principle of shallow-deep-shallow.

Example 2

A planting method of high-yield spring soybeans comprises the following steps:

step one, farmland treatment: the method is characterized in that the rice field is deeply ploughed and ploughed after autumn harvest every year, the ploughing depth is 28cm, organic fertilizer and sandy loam are spread to cultivate soil after ploughing, the fertilizing amount of the organic fertilizer is 1200kg per mu of land, the spreading thickness of the sandy loam is 0.8cm, the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing a product obtained by mixing and fermenting plant ash, plant fallen leaves, straw fragments and chicken manure with a proper amount of rhizobium inoculant, and the weight ratio of the plant ash, the plant fallen leaves, the straw fragments and the chicken manure is 5: 0.5: 3: 1.5, the consumption of the rhizobium inoculant is 1.5kg per mu of land, the straw pieces can be formed by crushing the residual soybean straws harvested in the previous year, shallow ploughing and fine harrowing and stubble cleaning are carried out on the rice field after the spring opening in the next year, the stubble cleaning depth is 12cm, ridging is carried out on the rice field after the stubble cleaning, the ridge height is 24cm, and the ridge spacing is 28 cm;

step two, seed treatment: selecting soybean seeds with full grains, no damage, no wormhole and no mildew, putting the soybean seeds into saline water for disinfection for 1h, slowly stirring in the disinfection process, putting the disinfected soybean seeds into warm water at 25 ℃ for soaking for 20h, adding a proper amount of rhizobium inoculant into the water after the soaking is finished, and slowly stirring, wherein the stirring time is 30min, and the weight ratio of the rhizobium inoculant to the warm water to the soybean seeds is 1: 1.2: 20, finally drying the treated soybean seeds in the shade for 4 hours;

step three, sowing and planting: after the average temperature gradually exceeds 15 ℃ in the same day, opening holes in the ridged soil, wherein the depth of each hole is 2cm, the distance between every two holes is 25cm, sowing 3 soybean seeds dried in the shade in each hole, covering the soil while sowing, covering the soil with the thickness of 1cm, finally scattering a proper amount of base fertilizer in each hole and watering, wherein the base fertilizer is a mixture of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, and the weight ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer is 7: 3;

step four, field management: checking seedlings after the soybean seedlings emerge, lacking and supplementing the seedlings, thinning and setting the seedlings after the soybean seedlings grow 1 leaf and 1 heart, topdressing once every 18 days, killing insects once every month until the soybean seedlings bloom and pod, and supplementing fertilizer once every 9 days, wherein the topdressing adopts fertilizer as nitrogen fertilizer during the setting period, the fertilizing amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 6000kg per mu of land, the fertilizer supplemented and topdressed after the soybean seedlings bloom and pod is urea compound fertilizer and phosphorus-potassium micro fertilizer, the urea compound fertilizer needs to be diluted by 8kg water per mu of land and then applied in holes, and the phosphorus-potassium micro fertilizer needs to be diluted by 100g of water 50kg per mu of land and then uniformly sprayed on the front and back surfaces of the leaves for 2 times; the pesticide adopted during the final singling period is 40% omethoate emulsion diluted by 1200 times, the pesticide adopted after the bean seedlings are pod-bearing is acephate diluted by 1500 times, the whole seedling period is intertillage for 3 times, and the intertillage depth is implemented according to the principle of shallow-deep-shallow.

The rest is the same as example 1.

Example 3

A planting method of high-yield spring soybeans comprises the following steps:

step one, farmland treatment: the method is characterized in that the rice field is deeply ploughed and ploughed after autumn harvest every year, the ploughing depth is 30cm, organic fertilizer and sandy loam are spread to cultivate soil after ploughing, the fertilizing amount of the organic fertilizer is 1500kg per mu of land, the spreading thickness of the sandy loam is 1cm, the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing a product obtained after mixed fermentation of plant ash, plant fallen leaves, straw fragments and chicken manure with a proper amount of rhizobium inoculant, and the weight ratio of the plant ash, the plant fallen leaves, the straw fragments and the chicken manure is 5: 0.5: 3: 1.5, the consumption of the rhizobium inoculant is 2kg per mu of land, the straw pieces can be formed by crushing the residual soybean straws harvested in the previous year, shallow ploughing and fine harrowing and stubble cleaning are carried out on the rice field after the spring opening in the next year, the stubble cleaning depth is 15cm, ridging is carried out on the rice field after the stubble cleaning, the ridge height is 25cm, and the ridge interval is 30 cm;

step two, seed treatment: the method comprises the following steps of selecting soybean seeds with full grains, no damage, no wormholes and no mildew, putting the soybean seeds into saline water for disinfection for 2 hours, slowly stirring in the disinfection process, putting the disinfected soybean seeds into warm water at 25 ℃ for soaking for 20 hours, adding a proper amount of rhizobium inoculant into the water after the soaking is completed, and slowly stirring, wherein the stirring time is 60min, and the weight ratio of the rhizobium inoculant to the warm water to the soybean seeds is 1: 1.2: 20, finally drying the treated soybean seeds in the shade for 4 hours;

step three, sowing and planting: after the average temperature gradually exceeds 15 ℃ in the same day, opening holes in the ridged soil, wherein the depth of each hole is 3cm, the distance between every two holes is 30cm, sowing the dried soybean seeds in the shade by 4 seeds in each hole, covering the soil while sowing, covering the soil by 2cm, finally scattering a proper amount of base fertilizer in each hole and watering, wherein the base fertilizer is a mixture of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, and the weight ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer is 7: 3;

(1) step four, field management: checking seedlings after the soybean seedlings emerge, lacking and supplementing the seedlings, thinning and setting the seedlings after the soybean seedlings grow 1 leaf and 1 heart, topdressing once every 20 days, killing insects once every month until the soybean seedlings bloom and pod, and supplementing fertilizer once every 10 days, wherein the topdressing adopts fertilizer as nitrogen fertilizer during the setting period, the fertilizing amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 6000kg per mu of land, the fertilizer supplemented and supplemented after the soybean seedlings bloom and pod is urea compound fertilizer and phosphorus-potassium micro fertilizer, the urea compound fertilizer needs to be diluted by 10kg water per mu of land and then applied in holes, and the phosphorus-potassium micro fertilizer needs to be diluted by 100g water 50kg per mu of land and then uniformly sprayed on the front and back surfaces of the leaves for 2 times; the pesticide adopted during the final singling period is 40% omethoate emulsion diluted by 1500 times, the pesticide adopted after the bean seedlings are pod-bearing is acephate diluted by 1500 times, the whole seedling period is intertillage for 3 times, and the intertillage depth is implemented according to the principle of shallow-deep-shallow.

The rest is the same as example 1.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be used as a limitation of the present invention, and that changes and modifications to the above embodiments are within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting method of high-yield spring soybeans is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step two, seed treatment: selecting spring soybean seeds with full grains, no damage, no wormholes and no mildew, putting the spring soybean seeds into saline water for disinfection for 1-2 hours, slowly stirring in the disinfection process, putting the disinfected soybean seeds into warm water at 20-25 ℃ for soaking for 18-20 hours, adding a proper amount of rhizobium inoculant into the water after soaking, slowly stirring for 30-60 min, and finally drying the treated soybean seeds in the shade for 4-6 hours;

2. The planting method of high yield spring soybean according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer application amount in the first step is 1000-1500 kg per mu, and the spreading thickness of sandy loam is 0.5-1 cm.

3. The planting method of high-yield spring soybeans according to claim 2, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing a product obtained by mixing and fermenting plant ash, plant fallen leaves, straw fragments and chicken manure with a proper amount of rhizobium inoculant, and the weight ratio of the plant ash, the plant fallen leaves, the straw fragments to the chicken manure is 5: 0.5: 3: 1.5, the consumption of the rhizobium inoculant is 1-2 kg per mu of land, and the straw pieces can be formed by crushing the residual soybean straws harvested in the past year.

4. The planting method of high yield spring soybean according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of rhizobium inoculant, warm water and soybean seeds in the second step is 1: 1.2: 20.

5. the planting method of high-yield spring soybeans according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer is a mixture of a nitrogen fertilizer and a phosphorus fertilizer in a weight ratio of 7: 3.

6. the planting method of high-yield spring soybeans according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, fertilizers adopted for topdressing during the final singing period are nitrogen fertilizers, the fertilizing amount of the nitrogen fertilizers is 6000kg per mu of land, the fertilizers for topdressing after the bean seedlings blossom and pod bearing are urea compound fertilizers and phosphorus-potassium micro fertilizers, the urea compound fertilizers are diluted by adding water by 5-10 kg per mu of land and then are applied in holes, and the phosphorus-potassium micro fertilizers are diluted by adding water by 50kg per mu of land by 100g and then are uniformly sprayed on the front and back surfaces of the leaves for 2 times; the pesticide adopted in the final singling period is 40% omethoate emulsion diluted by 1000-1500 times, and the pesticide adopted after pod setting of bean seedlings is acephate diluted by 1500 times.

7. The planting method of high-yield spring soybeans according to claim 6, wherein after the soybean seedlings blossom and pod, water is poured once at intervals of 1-2 days on a sunny day, and water is poured once at intervals of 3-5 days on a rainy day.