CN110558144A - Planting method of fructus evodiae - Google Patents
Planting method of fructus evodiae Download PDFInfo
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- CN110558144A CN110558144A CN201910996815.2A CN201910996815A CN110558144A CN 110558144 A CN110558144 A CN 110558144A CN 201910996815 A CN201910996815 A CN 201910996815A CN 110558144 A CN110558144 A CN 110558144A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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Abstract
A planting method of fructus evodiae comprises the following planting steps: (1) selecting a field or a land block which is convenient for irrigation and drainage, applying decomposed farmyard manure, and then cultivating land by a rotary cultivator with the cultivation depth of 30-40 cm to mix the farmyard manure and soil; (2) hole sowing fructus evodiae seeds in open-air wet sandy soil, covering fructus evodiae seeds with a layer of thin soil, covering with a layer of straw, covering with a piece of banana or banana leaf, and watering once every 4 pm; (3) transplanting when the evodia rutaecarpa seedlings grow to more than 25 cm; (4) after the transplanting, erecting a sunshade net at a position 2-3 m higher than the soil, and erecting no sunshade net above the row space to ensure that the sunshade net is transparent; after 2 months of transplanting, pruning the main branches, leaving 3-4 side branches, spraying biogas slurry, and timely fertilizing and watering after the biogas slurry is sprayed; (5) harvesting, trimming and fertilizing in time. The planting method does not need to use a large amount of pesticides and fertilizers, avoids pesticide residue exceeding the standard, and has the advantages of fast branch scattering of plants and more fruits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, in particular to a planting method of fructus evodiae.
Background
Evodia rutaecarpa (academic name)TetradiumruticarpumOriginal name ofEuodiaruticarpa) And Latin's name:Evodiarutaecarpa(Juss.)Benth.and alias: fructus evodiae, tea pepper, fructus capsici, fructus kochiae, fructus cii, fructus capsici immaturus, and fructus oryzae sativae. Generally, the varieties of fructus evodiae include fructus evodiae of large flower, fructus evodiae of medium flower and fructus evodiae of small flower. Small trees or shrubs 3-5 m high with dark purple red twigs, which are dusty yellow or red rust-colored villi or short hair together with the tender shoots. It grows in sparse forest or shrub in mountain land with elevation of 1500 m from flat ground, and is mostly seen in sunny sloping fields. All with small or large numbers. The tender fruit after being soaked and dried is the traditional Chinese medicine evodia rutaecarpa, which is abbreviated as evodia rutaecarpa, is a bitter stomach strengthening agent and an analgesic, and is also used as a ascarid. It is bitter and pungent in flavor and warm in nature, has the actions of dispelling cold, alleviating pain, checking adverse rise of qi and arresting vomiting, and can be used for treating headache or epigastric pain caused by deficiency-cold of liver and stomach and adverse rising of yin-turbidity. The leaves have 5-11 small leaves which are thin to be thick paper, oval, elliptical or needle-shaped, 6-18 cm long and 3-7 cm wide, the lower part of the leaf axis is smaller, the two sides are symmetrical or the base part of one side is slightly inclined, the edge is full or shallow wave-shaped, the two sides of the small leaf and the leaf axis are long and soft, the hair is dense like felt, or only the two sides of the middle vein are short hair, and the oil point is large and much. The inflorescence grows from the top; flowers of the male inflorescence are detached from each other, and flowers of the female inflorescence are dense or detached; 5 sepals and petals are provided, 4 sepals are provided, and the sepals and the petals are arranged in a tweezer combination manner; the length of the male flower petal is 3-4 mm, the ventral surface is thinned and hairy, the degenerated pistil is deep-split by 4-5, the lower part and the filament are all white and soft, and the stamen extends out of the petal; the length of the petals of the female flower is 4-5 mm, the ventral surface is hairy, the degenerated stamen is scaly or short-linear or has small sterile anthers, and the ovaries and the lower parts of the flower columns are thinned and hairy. The width of the fruit is 3-12 cm, the fruits are dense or separated, the fruits are dark purple red and have large oil spots, and 1 seed is arranged in each fruit segment; the seeds are nearly spherical, one end is blunt and sharp, the ventral surface is slightly flat, the length is 4-5 mm, and the seeds are brownish black and glossy. The flowering period is 4-6 months, and the fruit period is 8-11 months.
With the change of climate, the quantity of wild fructus evodiae is less and less, and the phenomenon of short supply and short demand occurs. Nowadays, a scientific method for planting fructus evodiae is urgently needed to meet the market demand for fructus evodiae. The publications also report some planting techniques for evodia rutaecarpa, such as:
1. Chinese patent: the cultivation method of the evodia rutaecarpa, application number: 201810380659.2, filing date: 2018.04.25, Applicant: fenggan county, yi xin chinese herbal medicine plantation limited, address: 564215 Fenggang county, Fenggang, province, Zunyi city, Yanzhen village, inventor: jade, strong land, old man, abstract: the invention relates to the technical field of agricultural product planting, and discloses a method for cultivating fructus evodiae, which comprises the following steps: A. soil preparation; B. planting; C. intertillage and weeding; D. fertilizing; E. irrigation: the method comprises the following steps of (a) irrigating once in 3-5 days according to soil and seedling conditions in a seedling stage, and b) filling water into a water tank through a water inlet pipe in sunny days; in rainy days, collecting rainwater through a collecting hopper; c) after the water tank is filled with water, the water pump is started, the wheels are driven to rotate through the cab, the wheels drive the whole vehicle to start moving, and the water pumped out by the water pump irrigates farmlands; d) starting a motor, wherein the motor drives a first gear to rotate, the first gear drives a second gear to rotate, the second gear enables a water spraying disc to rotate, and the water spraying disc rotationally irrigates a farmland; F. shaping and trimming; compared with the prior art, the scheme waters everywhere in the farmland through the movable type, and ensures even irrigation.
2. chinese patent: the standardized evodia planting and yield increasing method has the application number: 201110244767.5, filing date: 2011.08.25, Applicant: guizhou Hengba pharmaceutical industry, Inc., address: 550008 Guiyang national high and new technology industry development area Jinyang knowledge economy industry park, Guiyang city, Guizhou province, inventor: and (3) what yao, abstract: the method for the standardized planting and the production increase of the evodia rutaecarpa is characterized in that the long-term cultivation experience of medicinal growers in the evodia rutaecarpa production area is combined through project practice, six key technical methods for ensuring the standardized planting and the production increase of the evodia rutaecarpa are summarized, and early-maturing seeds configured by male and female are selected; selecting strong branches or lateral roots of plants for cutting propagation; fertilizing; pest control; the fruits are prevented from falling off, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in summer, so that the adult monochamus alternatus hope is prevented from laying eggs on the flowers in the flowering period; pruning and updating are carried out, cutting propagation materials can be reasonably pruned, so that the fruit filling is facilitated, and old, weak, sick and disabled plants can be updated in time; the technical method solves the problems of standardized planting, yield increase and high yield of the fructus evodiae.
3. Chinese patent: the wild breeding and planting method of the evodia rutaecarpa has the following application number: 201811618416.4, filing date: 2018.12.26, Applicant: new standing grain of Sichuan province, Chinese herbal medicine company Limited, address: 628000 Wanyuan region of Guangyuan city, Sichuan province, Wanyuan region, Wanyuan Louda Crystal seat B12 layers 1202 room, inventor: vermilion, abstract: the invention discloses a method for planting evodia rutaecarpa by imitating wild breeding, through a specific seedling cultivation method of the invention, the evodia rutaecarpa is planted after being soaked by the specific rooting nutrient solution of the invention, the rooting effect is good, the survival rate of the plant is high, meanwhile, the method for planting evodia rutaecarpa realizes the high-density planting of the evodia rutaecarpa, the planting efficiency is high, the planting of the evodia rutaecarpa by utilizing the habit of the evodia rutaecarpa to allocate fertilizer, the imitating wild breeding planting of the evodia rutaecarpa.
4. Chinese patent: a planting method of fructus evodiae is disclosed as the following application number: 201810210731.7, filing date: 2018.03.14, Applicant: yuxiu, address: 419600 Yuanling town Yunling Min engineering company No. 1 Toan 3, Yuanling town Yunling City Huai Huan province, inventor: li yu xiu, abstract: the invention discloses a planting method of fructus evodiae, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting soil; (2) soil preparation; (3) cultivating seedlings; (4) planting; (5) weeding and fertilizing; (6) pest control; (7) managing fertilizer and water; (8) managing the growth period of the fructus evodiae; (9) and (5) harvesting the fructus evodiae. The planting method of the evodia rutaecarpa provided by the invention effectively improves the cultivation efficiency of the evodia rutaecarpa seedlings, improves the survival rate of the seedlings, provides a foundation for large-scale planting of the evodia rutaecarpa, and is green, environment-friendly and healthy.
5. Chinese patent: a planting method of fructus evodiae is disclosed as the following application number: 201810206186.4, filing date: 2018.03.13, Applicant: liu qingyuan, address: 422400 group 7 of kingdom village, martin, shogao, of Hunan province, inventor: liu Qing Yuan, abstract: the invention discloses a planting method of fructus evodiae, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting soil; (2) soil preparation; (3) cultivating seedlings; (4) planting; (5) weeding and fertilizing; (6) pest control; (7) managing fertilizer and water; (8) managing the growth period of the fructus evodiae; (9) and (5) harvesting the fructus evodiae. The planting method of the evodia rutaecarpa provided by the invention effectively improves the cultivation efficiency of the evodia rutaecarpa seedlings, improves the survival rate of the seedlings, provides a foundation for large-scale planting of the evodia rutaecarpa, and is green, environment-friendly and healthy.
6. Chinese patent: the planting method of the evodia rutaecarpa, application number: 201610630874.4, filing date: 2016.08.04, Applicant: qinlong nationality medicine company, address: 564407 Yuqing county Longxi Town, Zunyi, Guizhou province, inventor: poplar forest, an academic piano, poplar rigid and summary: the patent application belongs to the technical field of planting, particularly belongs to a method for processing plant roots and stems in a planting process, and particularly discloses a method for planting fructus evodiae, which comprises the following steps: selecting soil, preparing soil, cultivating seedlings, planting, weeding and fertilizing, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, managing fertilizer and water, managing the growing period of the fructus evodiae, and harvesting the fructus evodiae. By adopting the technical scheme to plant the evodia rutaecarpa, the cultivation efficiency of the evodia rutaecarpa seedlings is effectively improved, the survival rate of the seedlings is improved, a foundation is provided for large-scale planting of the evodia rutaecarpa, and the method is green, environment-friendly and healthy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting evodia rutaecarpa, which does not need to use a large amount of pesticides and fertilizers, avoids the overproof pesticide residues, has fast branch scattering and more fruits, and can meet the demand of the market on the evodia rutaecarpa.
in order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A planting method of fructus evodiae comprises the following planting steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting field blocks or land blocks convenient for irrigation and drainage, applying 300-500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu, and then ploughing by using a rotary tillage machine to a depth of 30-40 cm, so that the farmyard manure is mixed with soil; then, a layer of straw is laid, and the soil can not be seen; the cultivation depth of a rotary tillage machine is 35-40 cm, so that the dissolved oxygen content and the water storage capacity of soil can be improved, the root system is developed after the fructus evodiae is planted, the nutrition absorption capacity is stronger, and the growth and expansion of the root block of the fructus evodiae are facilitated.
(2) seedling culture: selecting full-grain and mildew-free mature fructus evodiae seeds, bunch planting the seeds in open-air moist sandy soil, covering a layer of thin soil to cover the fructus evodiae seeds, bunch planting 3-5 fructus evodiae seeds each time, then covering a layer of rice straw to prevent the soil from being seen, finally covering a piece of banana or banana leaf on the rice straw, watering once after 4 pm each day until the surface layer of the soil is moist, taking away the banana or banana leaf before watering, and covering the banana or banana leaf after watering; removing the banana or the banana leaves after the fructus evodiae seeds germinate; removing the banana or the banana leaves after the fructus evodiae seeds germinate; the straw and the plantain or the banana leaves are used for covering the evodia seeds, the germination of the evodia seeds can be accelerated, the straw can keep the soil moist, and the covering of the straw can enable probiotics to be bred on the surface layer of the soil, so that the development and growth of the evodia seeds are facilitated.
(3) Transplanting seedlings: transplanting fructus evodiae seedling into the field or land when the height of fructus evodiae seedling is above 25 cm, digging out the rice straw at the transplanting position to expose soil according to the plant-row spacing of 3 × 4 m, planting fructus evodiae seedling in the soil, and covering with rice straw.
(4) Field management: after the transplanting, erecting a sunshade net at a position 2-3 m higher than the soil, and erecting no sunshade net above the row space to ensure that the sunshade net is transparent; after 2 months of transplantation, pruning the main branches, reserving 3-4 lateral branches to cultivate the main branches, then spraying biogas slurry, trimming for one month, removing the sunshade net, carrying out earthing up, covering the roots of the plants with the soil between the rows, and applying farmyard manure every 2-3 months after the pruning; 250-300 kilograms per mu; applying compound fertilizer 20-30 kg/mu when blooming; applying 15-20 kg/mu of potash fertilizer in the young fruit period; the roots and the nearby parts of the plants are covered with straws or pine needles all year round, so that the soil can be kept moist and the growth of weeds can be avoided; accumulated water is drained in rainy seasons, waterlogging is avoided, and watering is needed in drought, so that the soil on the ridges cannot crack for more than 2 days. When the solid fertilizer is applied, the solid fertilizer is applied to the root after the covering is opened and then is covered back; the sun-shading net can shade strong sunlight for the fructus evodiae, and the sun-shading net is not arranged in the space above the row, so that the sun-shading net is transparent, and the requirement of illumination of the fructus evodiae transplanted seedlings can be met.
(5) Harvesting in time according to the harvest season of the fructus evodiae, trimming branches after harvesting, and then fertilizing according to the field management.
The farmyard manure is prepared by adding lime powder accounting for 0.5-1% of the total weight of solid waste, sheep manure and mesona chinensis grass residues discharged from a cattle farm, mixing, stacking and fermenting, and turning over for 2 times until the mixture is completely decomposed, wherein the mesona chinensis grass residues account for 30-40% of the total weight, and the sheep manure accounts for 25-35% of the total weight. Chinese mesona herb (academic name:Mesonachinensis BenthIs a labiate plant with its stem lying on the ground, upper part standing vertically, oval or egg-shaped long round, blunt tip, base gradually shrinking into stem, small teeth on the edge, and hair thinning and growing on both sides; leaves which are born on the upper part of the inflorescence are small and bract-shaped, and are oval to inverted triangle, and are shorter than flowers, and the base part is often light purple, and is fallen off when fruits are taken. Soft and weak overall inflorescence, small flower, recurrent, small calyx, 2 lip, 3 cleft upper lip, full lower lip, fruiting time or tube shape, downward bending, longitudinal vein and transverse wrinkle; the corolla is light red, the upper lip is wide, the whole edge or the teeth are split, and the lower lip is oblong and concave; stamen 4, filament protrusion; pistil 1, style 2 split; one side of the flower disc is enlarged. The small nuts are oval. At the end of flowering and autumn. Distributed in Taiwan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, and West. Mesona chinensis Benth is an important plant resource used as both medicine and food. The herba mesonae chinensis whole plant contains polysaccharide, and has effects of removing summer heat, clearing heat, cooling blood, and removing toxic substance. The stems of people are often decocted with water, and then diluted starch is added to prepare jelly (commonly called as 'bean jelly') for eating, which is an excellent food for relieving summer heat and quenching thirst. The mesona blume grass residue adopted by the invention is the mesona blume processed by using the mesona blume in a mesona blume processing factory, namely the mesona blume grass residue obtained by filtering after water is added for decoction. The Chinese mesona herb contains polysaccharide, has the functions of relieving summer heat, clearing heat, cooling blood and detoxifying, utilizes the fermentation of Chinese mesona herb residues and solid waste and lime powder discharged by cattle farms, balances the pH value of the environment, promotes the growth of surrounding microorganisms, and further promotes the growth of evodia, and the addition of the lime powder can reduce the invasion of pests.
The evodia rutaecarpa seeds are soaked in lime water for 2-3 minutes before hill planting.
The lime water is obtained by adding quicklime powder into clear water and uniformly stirring; adding quicklime powder 3-5 jin into 100 jin of clear water. The lime water is soaked to facilitate the softening of the evodia rutaecarpa seed shells, facilitate the germination and growth, reduce the plant diseases and insect pests and improve the germination rate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The cultivation land has the advantages that the cultivation depth of the rotary tillage machine is 30-40 cm, the dissolved oxygen content and the water storage capacity of soil can be improved, the root system is developed after the fructus evodiae is planted, the nutrient absorption capacity is stronger, the growth of the fructus evodiae is more facilitated, and fruit setting is promoted.
2. When the seedlings are raised, the straw and the plantain or the banana leaves are used for covering the evodia rutaecarpa seeds, so that the germination of the evodia rutaecarpa seeds can be accelerated, the straw can keep the soil moist, and the covering of the straw can enable the surface layer of the soil to breed probiotics, so that the development and growth of the evodia rutaecarpa seeds are facilitated; the soaked lime water is easy to soften the evodia rutaecarpa seed shells, is convenient for germination and growth, can reduce plant diseases and insect pests, and improves the germination rate; the obtained seedlings have strong roots, strong roots can be shielded from strong sunlight by the aid of the sunshade net arranged above the seedlings during transplanting, the sunshade net is not arranged above the rows and is transparent, requirements of illumination of the evodia can be met, strong sunlight irradiation is avoided, growth of the seedlings is influenced, transplanting survival rate is high, and the survival rate is more than 96% according to statistics.
3. after 2 months of transplanting, pruning the main branches, leaving 3-4 side branches, then spraying biogas slurry, and applying farmyard manure every 2-3 months; 250-300 kilograms per mu; applying compound fertilizer 20-30 kg/mu when blooming; applying 15-20 kg/mu of potash fertilizer in the young fruit period; the roots and the nearby parts of the plants are covered with straws or pine needles all year round, so that the soil can be kept moist and the growth of weeds can be avoided; accumulated water is drained in rainy seasons, waterlogging is avoided, and watering is needed in drought, so that the soil on the ridges cannot crack for more than 2 days. The adoption of the operation can accelerate the growth of plants, the plants are strong, the fruit bearing is fast, and the number of the grown fruits is large.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, which are only a part of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments.
example 1
The evodia rutaecarpa can be planted by adopting the following steps:
(1) Land selection and preparation: selecting field blocks or land blocks convenient for irrigation and drainage, applying 300-500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu, and then ploughing by using a rotary tillage machine to a depth of 30-40 cm, so that the farmyard manure is mixed with soil; then, a layer of straw is laid, and the soil can not be seen; the cultivation depth of a rotary tillage machine is 35-40 cm, so that the dissolved oxygen content and the water storage capacity of soil can be improved, the root system is developed after the fructus evodiae is planted, the nutrition absorption capacity is stronger, and the growth and expansion of the root block of the fructus evodiae are facilitated.
(2) Seedling culture: selecting full-grain and mildew-free mature fructus evodiae seeds, bunch planting the seeds in open-air moist sandy soil, covering a layer of thin soil to cover the fructus evodiae seeds, bunch planting 3-5 fructus evodiae seeds each time, then covering a layer of rice straw to prevent the soil from being seen, finally covering a piece of banana or banana leaf on the rice straw, watering once after 4 pm each day until the surface layer of the soil is moist, taking away the banana or banana leaf before watering, and covering the banana or banana leaf after watering; removing the banana or the banana leaves after the fructus evodiae seeds germinate; removing the banana or the banana leaves after the fructus evodiae seeds germinate; the straw and the plantain or the banana leaves are used for covering the evodia seeds, the germination of the evodia seeds can be accelerated, the straw can keep the soil moist, and the covering of the straw can enable probiotics to be bred on the surface layer of the soil, so that the development and growth of the evodia seeds are facilitated.
(3) Transplanting seedlings: transplanting fructus evodiae seedling into the field or land when the height of fructus evodiae seedling is above 25 cm, digging out the rice straw at the transplanting position to expose soil according to the plant-row spacing of 3 × 4 m, planting fructus evodiae seedling in the soil, and covering with rice straw.
(4) Field management: after the transplanting, erecting a sunshade net at a position 2-3 m higher than the soil, and erecting no sunshade net above the row space to ensure that the sunshade net is transparent; after 2 months of transplantation, pruning the main branches, reserving 3-4 lateral branches to cultivate the main branches, then spraying biogas slurry, trimming for one month, removing the sunshade net, carrying out earthing up, covering the roots of the plants with the soil between the rows, and applying farmyard manure every 2-3 months after the pruning; 250-300 kilograms per mu; applying compound fertilizer 20-30 kg/mu when blooming; applying 15-20 kg/mu of potash fertilizer in the young fruit period; the roots and the nearby parts of the plants are covered with straws or pine needles all year round, so that the soil can be kept moist and the growth of weeds can be avoided; accumulated water is drained in rainy seasons, waterlogging is avoided, and watering is needed in drought, so that the soil on the ridges cannot crack for more than 2 days. When the solid fertilizer is applied, the solid fertilizer is applied to the root after the covering is opened and then is covered back; the sun-shading net can shade strong sunlight for the fructus evodiae, and the sun-shading net is not arranged in the space above the row, so that the sun-shading net is transparent, and the requirement of illumination of the fructus evodiae transplanted seedlings can be met.
(5) harvesting in time according to the harvest season of the fructus evodiae, trimming branches after harvesting, and then fertilizing according to the field management.
Example 2
The evodia rutaecarpa can be planted by adopting the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting field blocks or land blocks convenient for irrigation and drainage, applying 300-500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu, and then ploughing by using a rotary tillage machine to a depth of 30-40 cm, so that the farmyard manure is mixed with soil; then, a layer of straw is laid, and the soil can not be seen; the cultivation depth of a rotary tillage machine is 35-40 cm, so that the dissolved oxygen content and the water storage capacity of soil can be improved, the root system is developed after the fructus evodiae is planted, the nutrition absorption capacity is stronger, and the growth and expansion of the root block of the fructus evodiae are facilitated.
(2) Seedling culture: selecting full-grain and mildew-free mature fructus evodiae seeds, bunch planting the seeds in open-air moist sandy soil, covering a layer of thin soil to cover the fructus evodiae seeds, bunch planting 3-5 fructus evodiae seeds each time, then covering a layer of rice straw to prevent the soil from being seen, finally covering a piece of banana or banana leaf on the rice straw, watering once after 4 pm each day until the surface layer of the soil is moist, taking away the banana or banana leaf before watering, and covering the banana or banana leaf after watering; removing the banana or the banana leaves after the fructus evodiae seeds germinate; removing the banana or the banana leaves after the fructus evodiae seeds germinate; the straw and the plantain or the banana leaves are used for covering the evodia seeds, the germination of the evodia seeds can be accelerated, the straw can keep the soil moist, and the covering of the straw can enable probiotics to be bred on the surface layer of the soil, so that the development and growth of the evodia seeds are facilitated. The evodia rutaecarpa seeds are soaked in lime water for 2-3 minutes before hill planting. The lime water is obtained by adding quicklime powder into clear water and uniformly stirring; adding quicklime powder 3-5 jin into 100 jin of clear water. The lime water is soaked to facilitate the softening of the evodia rutaecarpa seed shells, facilitate the germination and growth, reduce the plant diseases and insect pests and improve the germination rate.
(3) Transplanting seedlings: transplanting fructus evodiae seedling into the field or land when the height of fructus evodiae seedling is above 25 cm, digging out the rice straw at the transplanting position to expose soil according to the plant-row spacing of 3 × 4 m, planting fructus evodiae seedling in the soil, and covering with rice straw.
(4) Field management: after the transplanting, erecting a sunshade net at a position 2-3 m higher than the soil, and erecting no sunshade net above the row space to ensure that the sunshade net is transparent; after 2 months of transplantation, pruning the main branches, reserving 3-4 lateral branches to cultivate the main branches, then spraying biogas slurry, trimming for one month, removing the sunshade net, carrying out earthing up, covering the roots of the plants with the soil between the rows, and applying farmyard manure every 2-3 months after the pruning; 250-300 kilograms per mu; applying compound fertilizer 20-30 kg/mu when blooming; applying 15-20 kg/mu of potash fertilizer in the young fruit period; the roots and the nearby parts of the plants are covered with straws or pine needles all year round, so that the soil can be kept moist and the growth of weeds can be avoided; accumulated water is drained in rainy seasons, waterlogging is avoided, and watering is needed in drought, so that the soil on the ridges cannot crack for more than 2 days. When the solid fertilizer is applied, the solid fertilizer is applied to the root after the covering is opened and then is covered back; the sun-shading net can shade strong sunlight for the fructus evodiae, and the sun-shading net is not arranged in the space above the row, so that the sun-shading net is transparent, and the requirement of illumination of the fructus evodiae transplanted seedlings can be met.
(5) Harvesting in time according to the harvest season of the fructus evodiae, trimming branches after harvesting, and then fertilizing according to the field management.
the farmyard manure is prepared by adding lime powder accounting for 0.5-1% of the total weight of solid waste, sheep manure and mesona chinensis grass residues discharged from a cattle farm, mixing, stacking and fermenting, and turning over for 2 times until the mixture is completely decomposed, wherein the mesona chinensis grass residues account for 30-40% of the total weight, and the sheep manure accounts for 25-35% of the total weight.
Claims (4)
1. A method for planting fructus evodiae is characterized by comprising the following steps: the planting steps are as follows:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting field blocks or land blocks convenient for irrigation and drainage, applying 300-500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu, and then ploughing by using a rotary tillage machine to a depth of 30-40 cm, so that the farmyard manure is mixed with soil; then, a layer of straw is laid, and the soil can not be seen;
(2) Seedling culture: selecting full-grain and mildew-free mature fructus evodiae seeds, bunch planting the seeds in open-air moist sandy soil, covering a layer of thin soil to cover the fructus evodiae seeds, bunch planting 3-5 fructus evodiae seeds each time, then covering a layer of rice straw to prevent the soil from being seen, finally covering a piece of banana or banana leaf on the rice straw, watering once after 4 pm each day until the surface layer of the soil is moist, taking away the banana or banana leaf before watering, and covering the banana or banana leaf after watering; removing the banana or the banana leaves after the fructus evodiae seeds germinate;
(3) transplanting seedlings: transplanting fructus evodiae seedling into the field or land when the fructus evodiae seedling grows to a height of more than 25 cm, digging out the rice straw at the transplanting position to expose soil according to the plant-row spacing of 3 × 4 m, planting the fructus evodiae seedling in the soil, and covering the rice straw;
(4) Field management: after the transplanting, erecting a sunshade net at a position 2-3 m higher than the soil, and erecting no sunshade net above the row space to ensure that the sunshade net is transparent; after 2 months of transplantation, pruning the main branches, reserving 3-4 lateral branches to cultivate the main branches, then spraying biogas slurry, trimming for one month, removing the sunshade net, carrying out earthing up, covering the roots of the plants with the soil between the rows, and applying farmyard manure every 2-3 months after the pruning; 250-300 kilograms per mu; applying compound fertilizer 20-30 kg/mu when blooming; applying 15-20 kg/mu of potash fertilizer in the young fruit period; the roots and the nearby parts of the plants are covered with straws or pine needles all year round, so that the soil can be kept moist and the growth of weeds can be avoided; accumulated water is drained in rainy season, waterlogging is avoided, and watering is needed in drought, so that the soil on the ridges cannot be dried and cracked for more than 2 days;
(5) Harvesting in time according to the harvest season of the fructus evodiae, trimming branches after harvesting, and then fertilizing according to the field management.
2. The planting method of evodia rutaecarpa according to claim 1, wherein: the farmyard manure is prepared by adding lime powder accounting for 0.5-1% of the total weight of solid waste, sheep manure and mesona chinensis grass residues discharged from a cattle farm, mixing, stacking and fermenting, and turning over for 2 times until the mixture is completely decomposed, wherein the mesona chinensis grass residues account for 30-40% of the total weight, and the sheep manure accounts for 25-35% of the total weight.
3. the planting method of evodia rutaecarpa according to claim 1, wherein: the evodia rutaecarpa seeds are soaked in lime water for 2-3 minutes before hill planting.
4. The planting method of evodia rutaecarpa according to claim 1, wherein: the lime water is obtained by adding quicklime powder into clear water and uniformly stirring; adding quicklime powder 3-5 jin into 100 jin of clear water.
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