CN113317090A - Method for preventing and controlling summer weeds in hilly dragon orchard - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling summer weeds in hilly dragon orchard Download PDFInfo
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
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- 235000011453 Vigna umbellata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 240000001417 Vigna umbellata Species 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 240000004713 Pisum sativum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 235000010582 Pisum sativum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 39
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of dragon fruit cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling summer weeds in a hilly dragon orchard; the annual grass of phaseolus calcaratus and arrow-tongue peas is adopted to control weeds in a dragon orchard, the control effect on sticktight and yellow fescue is particularly remarkable, only times of manual cutting are needed in the year, manual weeding is not needed in summer, and the cost is greatly reduced; while weeds are prevented and treated, soil organic matters in Guizhou mountain dragon orchards are increased, and application and planting cost of base fertilizers in winter is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dragon fruit cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling summer weeds in a hilly region dragon orchard.
Background
In summer, weeds in a dragon orchard in the southern mountainous region of Guizhou are serious, Bidens bipinnata and yellow thatch are one of main harmful weeds, cutting is needed every 20-30 days in 6-10 months, labor input is large, and if cutting is not timely, the weeds can increase the probability of plant diseases and insect pests in the dragon orchard, so that fruit quality is reduced.
Bidens pilosa is an annual herb plant of the Compositae, prefers to be grown in warm and humid climatic regions, and is preferably loose, fertile, humus-rich sandy loam and clay loam. The root system is developed, the capability of absorbing soil moisture and nutrients is strong, the growth advantage is strong, and the water consumption and fertilizer consumption are always higher than the consumption of crop growth. The growth advantage is strong, the plant height is higher than that of the crops, the utilization of light energy and photosynthesis of the crops are influenced, and the growth of the crops is interfered and limited. The prevention and treatment aiming at the spanishneedles herb currently comprises the following steps: reasonable crop rotation, physical weeding, soil cultivation, artificial weeding and medicament prevention and removal. However, due to the large growth amount and vigorous breeding capability of the sticktight, the prevention and treatment effect is not ideal enough by adopting the conventional method.
Cymbopogon citratus (L.) Beauv.) is a perennial herb of Poaceae and Imperata, and has strong regeneration ability, and the root of Imperata cylindrica still survives after being dried in the air and buried in the soil, and is a stubborn weed with extremely high labor and labor for eradicating. It is good for light, slightly resistant to yin, good for fertilizer, extremely resistant to barren, loose and moist soil, quite resistant to water logging and drought, and suitable for various soils, clay, sandy soil and loam to grow. The loose sandy land grows most, the sandy land grows and breeds most vigorously, and the harm is the most serious. The ecological landscape grows on plain river bank grasslands, farmlands, orchards, nursery gardens, field sides, roadside, barren slope grasslands, forest sides, sparse forests, jungle centers, ditch sides, river side embankment ridges, lawns, sandy meadows, deserts and seasides of low mountainous areas, and has extremely strong competitive extension capability. Can affect the growth of the lawn, induce pathogenic insects, and affect the quality and ornamental effect of the lawn. The existing methods for preventing and treating the cogongrass include deep ploughing, soil sunning and the like. But the rhizomes of the cogongrass are not removed in place and are easy to spread again due to the extremely strong growth force of the cogongrass.
The existing method for controlling weeds in the dragon orchard in the southern mountain of Guizhou generally comprises weeds, intercropping pasture and laying weed control cloth in time. Although the land utilization rate is improved, the intercropping pasture needs to be ploughed and sown and fertilizer is added every year, and the intercropping pasture needs to be cut at regular intervals of , so that the labor input is not reduced or increased. the biological output after cutting can not return to the soil, and the soil fertility is not increased or decreased. Lay and prevent grass cloth and prevent that the grass effect is obvious to can use several years, nevertheless cause summer soil temperature too high easily, exceed the optimum growth temperature of dragon fruit root system, can not effectively utilize the short time heavy precipitation in summer, cause mountain region dragon orchard summer lack of water easily, lead to dragon fruit dysplasia, output is low. In addition, the harm of snails to dragon fruit plants and fruits is aggravated by laying grass prevention cloth.
There have been some studies on weed control by a grass control method, and for example, patent document No. 201110429301.2 discloses a biological control method for organic tea garden weeds, in which between the planting rows of tea trees in spring, creeping, non-intertwining, drought-tolerant and barren-tolerant green manure seeds of the genus leguminosae cassia are sown, and 30 to 40 days after the seeds are sown, weeds are removed once every 4 months in the second year, and green manure is cut once in summer and autumn. Although the method can effectively inhibit the growth of weeds in the tea garden by applying the method for 1-2 years and does not need continuous planting, the Cassia pinnata or Cassia tora is suitable for planting the tea garden in acid soil, the soil of the dragon garden in the southern Guizhou province is alkaline, and the planting modes of the tea garden and the dragon garden, the weed control requirements and the like have many differences. In addition, the seed coat of the round-leaf cassia or the pinna cassia is hard, the permeability and the water absorption are poor, and the seed treatment is needed before sowing, so the planting cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling summer weeds in a hilly dragon orchard to solve the problems.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preventing and controlling summer weeds in a hilly dragon orchard comprises the following steps:
1. sowing red beans: before and after clearing in the first year, digging out roots of weeds such as bidens bipinnata or yellow couch grass in shallow soil in a hilly dragon orchard, and sowing red beans in a quantity of 3-4 kg/mu while avoiding tree crowns.
2. cutting red bean: cutting semen Phaseoli from root with mower after semen Phaseoli plant is yellow and semen Phaseoli falls to ground in the middle and last ten days of 10 months in the first year, and covering the stem of semen Phaseoli on the tray of dragon fruit tree.
3. Sowing arrowed peas: sowing semen Pisi Sativi with sowing amount of 3-4 kg/mu in the planting area of semen Phaseoli, and covering residual branch and leaf of semen Phaseoli with the above seedlings.
4. cutting arrowed peas: cutting off arrow pea 2-5cm away from ground by a mower before the arrow pea blooms in middle and last 3 months of the next year, and naturally spreading the arrow pea on the ground or covering a tree disc.
5. And (3) supplementing red beans: and directly supplementing the residual branches and leaves of the broadcast red phaseolus calcaratus and the shallow-turning arrow-tongue pea for covering according to the germination condition of the red phaseolus calcaratus at 4-5 months.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, red beans and arrow peas are adopted to biologically control weeds in a dragon orchard, the control effect on sticktight and yellow fescue is particularly outstanding, only times of manual cutting are needed in the year, manual mowing is not needed in summer, and the labor cost for controlling summer phytotoxicity is greatly reduced; the soil microenvironment of the dragon fruit is improved while weeds are prevented and treated, soil organic matters in the dragon fruit orchard in Guizhou mountainous regions can be effectively increased, and application of base fertilizer organic fertilizers in winter is reduced.
Wherein, the small red beans are sown before and after clearing, high-density planting is adopted, weeds are fully covered before the vigorous growth of the weeds in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, the growth of the weeds in the dragon orchard in summer is obviously inhibited, plants are short or crawl and grow on the ground, 6-9 plants grow vigorously, and the purpose of treating the weeds with the weeds in the dragon orchard in summer is achieved. The small red beans are sown after the soil is turned over in the first year, so that the seedlings of the small red beans are ensured to emerge regularly, the small red beans are used for inhibiting weeds and weeds in a dragon orchard in summer, weeds are prevented from being cut for 1 time every 20-30 days in 6-10 months, the labor force is greatly reduced, and the weeds and weeds in summer are reduced. The rice bean is planted in spring and summer, the pest and disease damage is less, and the occurrence of the pest and disease damage of the dragon fruit cannot be induced or aggravated. Planting the vetch with the arrowheads in autumn and winter can increase the water content of the soil of the dragon orchard in winter, maintain the temperature of the soil and reduce the cold damage of the dragon fruit. cuts before arrow-pea blossoms, effectively controls the aphid pest of dragon orchard caused by arrow-pea blooming period. The seeding amount can be reduced in the next year according to the germination condition of the phaseolus calcaratus in the previous year. It only needs cuts 2 times per year, and cuts 5-6 times less than natural grass cultivation.
The orchard soil temperature can be reduced by growing grass in summer, the soil water content is increased, the orchard soil temperature can be increased by growing grass in winter, the soil water content is increased, and the growth conditions of the dragon fruit root system microenvironment are improved. Besides, the vigna umbellata seeds are properly reserved for sowing in the next year, the biological output of the vigna umbellata and the vicia arioides returns to the soil, soil organic matters can be increased year by year, soil fertility is increased, and accordingly labor input such as fertilization of hilly region dragon orchards is reduced. The red bean and the arrow-tongue pea are leguminous plants, and the growth period of the plants at the periphery of the crown does not compete for fertilizer and water with the dragon fruit, and the nitrogen fixation effect is achieved. the cut dragon fruit tree disks are covered, which not only can inhibit the growth of weeds on the tree disks, but also can increase the fertilizer and retain water. The soil of the Guizhou mountain dragon orchard is relatively barren, the content of organic matters in the soil is low, the biological output of the phaseolus calcaratus and the arrow pea returns to the soil, the soil organic matters of the mountain dragon orchard can be increased year by year, the soil property is improved, and the manual input of applying the organic fertilizer to the mountain dragon orchard is reduced. The phaseolus calcaratus and the arrow-tongue peas are planted alternately all the year round, other seeds can be directly sown after cut in the first season except for turning soil, the seeds can be ensured to germinate regularly by slightly turning over the residual branches and dead leaves in the first season, and the sowing labor force is reduced.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
Example 1
A method for preventing and controlling summer weeds in a hilly dragon orchard comprises the following steps:
1. sowing red beans: in the first year, before clearing, soil is ploughed shallowly in a hilly dragon orchard, root systems of weeds such as bidens or yellow thatch are dug, and phaseolus calcaratus is sown in a sowing amount of 4 kg/mu while avoiding tree crowns.
2. cutting red bean: cutting semen Phaseoli from root with mower after semen Phaseoli plant is yellow and semen Phaseoli falls to ground in the middle and last ten days of 10 months in the first year, and covering the stem of semen Phaseoli on the tray of dragon fruit tree.
3. Sowing arrowed peas: sowing semen Pisi Sativi with sowing amount of 4 kg/mu in the planting area of semen Phaseoli, slightly turning over the residual branches and leaves of semen Phaseoli, and covering with semen Pisi Sativi.
4. cutting arrowed peas: cutting off the arrow pea 3cm away from the ground by a mower before the arrow pea blooms in the middle and the last 3 months of the next year, and naturally spreading the arrow pea on the ground or covering a tree disc.
5. And (3) complementing seeds: before the clarification, according to the germination condition of the phaseolus calcaratus, the residual branches and leaves of the broad pea and the shallow arrow pea are directly supplemented for sowing and covering.
Example 2
A method for preventing and treating Bidens bipinnata in a hilly dragon orchard comprises the following steps:
1. sowing red beans: after clearing the plain soil in the first year, digging out roots of weeds such as bidens bipinnata or yellow couch grass in a hilly region dragon orchard, and sowing red beans in a quantity of 3 kg/mu while avoiding the crowns.
2. cutting red bean: cutting semen Phaseoli from root with mower after semen Phaseoli plant is yellow and semen Phaseoli falls to ground in the middle and last ten days of 10 months in the first year, and covering the stem of semen Phaseoli on the tray of dragon fruit tree.
3. Sowing arrowed peas: sowing semen Pisi Sativi with sowing amount of 3 kg/mu in the planting area of semen Phaseoli, slightly turning over the residual branches and leaves of semen Phaseoli, and covering with semen Pisi Sativi.
4. cutting arrowed peas: cutting off the arrow pea 5cm away from the ground by a mower before the arrow pea blooms in the middle and the last 3 months of the next year, and naturally paving the arrow pea on the ground or covering a tree disc.
5. And (3) complementing seeds: after clearing, according to the germination condition of the phaseolus calcaratus, directly supplementing the residual branches and leaves of the broad-leaved phaseolus calcaratus and the shallow-ploughed arrow-tongue pea for covering.
Example 3
The small red beans are sowed in the early 3 months, the soil is dry, the emergence rate is low, the emergence regularity is poor, and the seeds need to be reseeded in the middle and last ten days of 4 months.
Example 4
The small red bean is sowed in 5 months, the growth time after seedling emergence and the vigorous growth time of weeds are kept, manual weed pulling is needed to ensure the growth advantage of the small red bean, the labor input is increased, and the plant is not yellowed in 10 months.
Comparison experiment of grass type and seeding rate in seeding
1.1 Experimental methods
Replacing semen Phaseoli with semen glycines, and semen Pisi Sativi with herba Medicaginis;
1.2 results of the experiment
In summer, the growth period of soybeans is short, the flowering amount of arrow pea, alfalfa and the like is large, most flowers of red bean are hidden under leaves, arrow pea and alfalfa can be adopted in winter, but alfalfa seeds are fine, young buds are thin and weak, the top soil is poor, the requirement on ground leveling during sowing is high, alfalfa is a perennial leguminous plant, the flowering period is 6-8 months, and the untimely cutting can induce or aggravate insect pests such as aphids in the dragon fruit orchard.
For the seeding rate of phaseolus calcaratus and vetch, the seeding rate is changed to 3 kg/mu, and the seeding time of 4kg per mu is 10-15 days ahead of the seeding time of 3kg per mu.
It should be noted that the cutting time of phaseolus calcaratus has no influence on weed control, but due to the winter season in southern Guizhou, the overdue period is not beneficial to the sowing, germination and growth of the arrowroot pea.
Second, the comparison of labor and cost for controlling the weed (5-11 months)
TABLE 1 comparison table of labor and cost inputs for weed control
As can be seen from the table, when the red bean and the arrow pea are adopted to prevent and control the weeds in the dragon orchard, the required labor force is greatly reduced, and the corresponding investment cost is lower.
Thirdly, comparing the soil temperature and the water content
TABLE 2 soil temperature and water content comparison table
Fourthly, comparing the influence of the red bean and the arrow pea on the yield and the disease fruit rate of the dragon fruit
4.1 Experimental methods
The natural grass prevention and control method and the ground fabric prevention and control method are compared with the prevention and control method in the example 1, and the yield, the commercial fruit rate and the disease and fruit rate of the dragon fruits are counted, and the results are shown in table 3.
4.2 results of the experiment
TABLE 37-8 month (mean of 3 consecutive batches) yield, commercial fruit rate and disease rate of dragon fruit
| Processing method | Yield (kg/110 pile) | Commercial fruit rate (%) | Disease fruit Rate (%) |
| Naturally grown grass | 111.53 | 80.67 | 15.76 |
| Ground cloth | 43.39 | 18.56 | 86.99 |
| Semen Phaseoli | 117.94 | 90.01 | 11.58 |
Fifthly, improving effect on soil fertility
5.1 soil planted with Phaseolus angularis and Pisum sativum was taken for fertility testing, and the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 improvement of soil fertility by planting semen Phaseoli and semen Pisi Sativi
5.2 the soil covered by the cut red bean on the dragon fruit pile was tested for fertility and compared with the natural grass control method, the results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 improvement of soil fertility of dragon fruit pile covered with red bean in summer (2021.4.7)
| Processing method | N(mg/kg) | P(mg/kg) | K(mg/kg) | Organic matter (g/kg) |
| Naturally grown grass | 47.88 | 162.88 | 65.63 | 37.59 |
| Semen Phaseoli | 65.00 | 221.13 | 89.00 | 46.73 |
According to experimental results, the effect of increasing the fertilizer can be achieved by covering the pitaya tree disc after cuts, the biological yield of the phaseolus calcaratus and the arrow pea is high, the biological output returns to the soil, soil organic matters in the hilly region pitaya garden can be increased year by year, the soil property is improved, and the manual input of applying the organic fertilizer to the hilly region pitaya garden is reduced.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preventing and treating summer weeds in a hilly dragon orchard is characterized in that the method for preventing and treating the summer weeds is a grass weed control method, particularly a method for carrying out dual prevention and treatment on the summer weeds by adopting rice bean in summer and autumn and arrow pea in winter and spring, and specifically comprises the following steps: sowing semen Phaseoli, cutting semen Phaseoli, sowing semen Pisi Sativi, cutting semen Pisi Sativi.
2. The method for controlling summer phytotoxicity in hilly dragon orchard as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing of phaseolus calcaratus is performed before and after the first year of clarification, and the sowing amount is 3-4 kg/mu.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein cuts semen Phaseoli in the middle and late 10 months of the first year after the semen Phaseoli plants turn yellow and the semen Phaseoli falls to the ground.
4. The method for controlling summer phytotoxicity in hilly region dragon orchard as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein said cutting semen Phaseoli is carried out by cutting semen Phaseoli from root with mower and covering the stem under the dragon fruit tree tray.
5. The method for preventing and treating summer phytotoxicity in hilly-region dragon orchard as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sown arrowed pea is sown in planting area of red bean after cuts the red bean, the sowing amount is 3-4 kg/mu, and the residual branches and leaves of the red bean are turned over shallowly.
6. The method for controlling summer weeds in hilly dragon orchards according to claim 1, wherein cuts arrow pea before the arrow pea blooms a lot in the middle and lower ten days of the next 3 months.
7. The method for preventing and treating summer weeds in hilly dragon orchards as claimed in claim 1 or 6, wherein said cutting arrow pea is cut by a mower at 2-5cm inside ground, and naturally laid on ground or covered on tree tray.
8. The method for controlling summer phytotoxicity of mountain dragon fruits according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) digging the roots of bidens bipinnata or lemongrass in shallow soil in a hilly dragon orchard before and after clearing in the first year, and sowing phaseolus calcaratus in a sowing amount of 3-4 kg/mu;
(2) cutting semen Phaseoli from root with mower after semen Phaseoli plant is yellow and semen Phaseoli falls to ground in the first 10 middle and last ten days, and covering the stem of semen Phaseoli on the tray of dragon fruit tree;
(3) sowing the vetch with 3-4 kg/mu in the small red bean planting area, slightly turning over the residual branches and leaves of the small red beans, and covering the vetch with the sowing quantity;
(4) cutting off arrow pea 2-5cm away from ground by a mower before the arrow pea blooms in middle and last 3 months of the next year, and naturally spreading the arrow pea on the ground or covering a tree disc;
(5) sowing red beans before and after the next Qingming year, and covering residual branches and leaves of vetch with shallow turning arrow tongue.
9. An application of a grass control method in a hilly dragon orchard for weed control.
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