CN107810791B - Summer grass growing management method for peach orchard - Google Patents
Summer grass growing management method for peach orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN107810791B CN107810791B CN201711124356.6A CN201711124356A CN107810791B CN 107810791 B CN107810791 B CN 107810791B CN 201711124356 A CN201711124356 A CN 201711124356A CN 107810791 B CN107810791 B CN 107810791B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a summer grass growing management method for a peach orchard, which comprises the following specific steps: (1) preparing before sowing; (2) pretreatment of grass seeds; (3) sowing; (4) seeding rate and density; (6) and (5) managing after sowing. The method is simple and convenient to operate, can effectively solve the problem of ground coverage in the high-temperature period in summer in peach production, not only can reduce the ground temperature, maintain the soil moisture and relieve the damage of high-temperature drought to the peach trees, but also can achieve the effects of controlling grass by grass and fertilizing the land by grass, can promote the healthy growth and development of the peach trees in the high-temperature and drought seasons in summer and autumn, solves the problems of high temperature and drought in summer and autumn in production, and has remarkable effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of orchard summer soil management, and particularly relates to a management method for growing grass, controlling grass by grass and covering grass to reduce ground temperature and maintain soil moisture in a peach orchard in summer.
Background
Peach belongs to Rosaceae (Rosaceae) Prunoideae (Prunoideae) peach genus (Amygdalus), is a tree with arbors and fallen leaves, is one of the main cultivated fruit trees in China, and plays a significant role in the world. According to statistics of a department of agriculture, the peach planting area of China is 828.3 kilohectares in 2015, the yield is 1364.0 ten thousand tons, and the peach planting area and the peach yield are located at the first position of the world (http://202.127.42.157/moazzys/shuiguo _ cx. aspx). The peach fruit production is one of the important post industries for increasing income and leading to richness of farmers in China and is one of the important agricultural products for earning foreign exchange in exports in China.
The orchard grass growing cultivation is an orchard management method for planting herbaceous plants as a covering in fruit tree lines or in a whole garden, and the method plays an important role in maintaining soil basic fertility, improving ecological environment and the like. Orchards in Europe, America and Japan mainly take raw grass, and the area of the orchard for implementing the raw grass accounts for more than 75% of the total area of the orchard (Fujicun, Yangyu, Korea, Chenao, Libing, Zhangwei. research on the raw grass in the orchard of China. grass science 2010, 27 (7): 154-. Currently, the orchard for clearing the tillage in China still occupies more than 80% of the total area (Lugermany, the Qin-the-Wen army, Du-nationality, Li-Ardong, Ma Huaiyu, Liu-nationality. research and application of physiological effect of orchard grass generation. Shenyang agriculture university report 2012-04, 43 (2): 131-.
For years, the method for planting the Indian cowpea to reduce the ground temperature, keep the soil moisture, control grass by grass and increase the soil fertility is summarized and invented by researching around the problem and carrying out a large amount of scientific research and experiments.
The method is to sow the Indian cowpea in summer to maintain the soil humidity in summer and autumn, reduce the ground temperature, control grass with grass and increase the land capability. By adopting the method, the soil humidity of the orchard in the drought season in summer and autumn can be effectively kept, the water content of the soil is increased, the temperature of the soil is effectively reduced, the damage of high temperature to root systems is avoided, meanwhile, the growth of weeds is controlled, the soil fertility is increased, the requirement for healthy growth and development of peach trees in the high-temperature drought season in summer and autumn can be met, the problem that the production is influenced by high temperature, drought and more weeds in the middle of production in summer and autumn is solved, and the effect is remarkable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical problem that the production is influenced by high temperature, drought and more weeds in summer and autumn in the existing peach production, and aims to provide a management method for the summer grasses of a peach orchard, which increases the soil humidity, reduces the ground temperature, controls grasses by grasses and increases the soil productivity by sowing Indian cowpeas in summer, can meet the requirements of healthy growth and development of peach trees in summer and autumn and drought seasons, is simple, convenient and easy to implement and convenient to operate, can effectively improve the soil humidity by more than 30 percent, reduce the soil temperature by more than 2 ℃, and increase the green manure 2500 + 3000kg/667m2。
The technical conception of the invention is as follows: before raining in summer, the Indian cowpea seeds are uniformly sown or dibbled in the middle of the orchard row belt, and when the drought season comes in summer and autumn, the Indian cowpea seeds are fully paved on the row belt, so that the aims of moisturizing and cooling are fulfilled. The method is to sow the Indian cowpea in summer to maintain the soil humidity in summer and autumn, reduce the ground temperature, control grass with grass and increase the land capability.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a peach orchard grass growing management method in summer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation before sowing:
in the last ten days of 6 months, a grass trimmer (Aosheng, CG430TW) is used for cutting off the original weeds in the row or other grass seeds (such as vetch) sowed in the previous season from the ground 5-10cm so as to naturally lay on the ground;
(2) pretreatment of grass seeds:
after the original grass (weeds or vetch) between the swaths is treated, the Indian cowpea seeds are soaked in clean water for 1 to 3 days in the shade, and the water amount is proper for just submerging the grass seeds;
(3) sowing:
after the Indian cowpea grass seeds are soaked, uniformly broadcasting or dibbling in the middle of the row belts, wherein the sowing time is preferably 2-3 days before rainfall, for example, no rainfall is needed 2-3 days after sowing, and a small amount of irrigation is needed to ensure that the seeds normally germinate; the seeding rate and density were controlled as follows: if broadcast sowing, the sowing quantity is 2.0-3.0kg/667m2Preferably; if dibbling, the seeding rate is 1.0-2.0kg/667m2Preferably, when dibbling is carried out, 1-3 strips are sowed in each row, specifically, the distance between each strip is 28-32cm according to the width of the row;
(4) and (3) management after sowing:
sowing for about 9-11 days, germinating and unearthing the grass seeds, selecting 2-3kg of compound fertilizer before rain in the late 6-7 last days of month2Once, the growth is promoted.
After 40-50 days of sowing, the indian cowpea is fully paved on the row belt, the coverage rate can reach more than 95%, the soil moisture can be effectively maintained, the ground temperature is reduced, the damage of high temperature to the soil is reduced, and the healthy growth and development of the peach trees are promoted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:
(1) through the technical measures, the technical difficulties that the peach orchard is labor-consuming and labor-consuming in soil management and poor in effect in summer and autumn are solved, and the technical problems that the peach orchard is high in temperature, drought and more in weeds and production is influenced in summer and autumn are mainly solved. By the technical measures, the problem of ground coverage in the high-temperature period in summer in peach production can be effectively solved, the ground temperature can be reduced, the soil moisture can be kept, the damage of high-temperature drought to peach trees can be reduced, the effects of controlling grass by grass and fertilizing the land by grass can be achieved, and the effect is obvious. Compared with the existing peach orchard clearing management, the method is more time-saving, labor-saving, more ecological and environment-friendly, and more beneficial to the healthy growth and development of peach trees, and is suitable for scientific research units, companies and individuals engaged in peach production;
(2) compared with the traditional peach orchard clearing and cultivating or natural grass growing soil management method in China, the method has obvious microclimate cooling effect in the peach orchard in high-temperature and drought seasons, and has obvious water retention effect;
(3) compared with the traditional peach orchard clearing and cultivating or natural grass growing soil management method in China, the method has obvious effect of improving the soil fertility of the peach orchard. The invention fully utilizes the vacant land in the middle of the row belt, improves the land utilization rate, and can produce 2500 + 3000kg/667m green manure in each season2The problem of lack of organic fertilizer sources in the current peach orchard is solved skillfully;
(4) the invention can effectively inhibit weeds in peach gardens and save a large amount of labor cost. The Indian cowpea grows rapidly, and the growth amount is large, so that the growth space of common weeds in the peach orchard, such as the seedling of a hog seedling, green bristlegrass and the like, is greatly compressed, the effect of restraining grass by grass can be effectively achieved, and the use frequency of chemical herbicides and artificial weeding times are reduced;
(5) the method has obvious effect, is simple and easy to implement, is widely suitable for orchards in Yangtze river watershed such as pear trees, grape trees and the like, and has good application and popularization prospects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the effect of the method of the present invention and naturally occurring grass on surface temperature;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the effect of the method of the present invention and naturally occurring grass on subsurface temperature;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a belt of orchard after 50 days of sowing Indian cowpea according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a band diagram of a naturally-occurring orchard with no Indian cowpea planted at the same time;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the present invention method of growing seedlings of Indian cowpea on demand;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the broadcast sowing and seedling emergence of Indian cowpea according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the measurement of ground temperature in a peach orchard for sowing Indian cowpea according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of measuring the temperature of a peach garden where grass is naturally grown;
FIG. 9 is a graph of soil moisture content of a soil sample taken in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the embodiment as follows:
example 1
A summer grass growing management method for a peach orchard comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation before sowing:
on 8 days in 6 months, cutting off original weeds in the row or other grass seeds sowed in the previous season by a grass trimmer (Aosheng, CG430TW) at a position 5cm away from the ground to naturally lay on the ground;
(2) pretreatment of grass seeds:
after the original grass in the inter-row space is treated, the Indian cowpea grass seeds are treated, and the Indian cowpea grass seeds are soaked in clear water for 10 days in 6 months and 9 days in shady and cool places in a room until the grass seeds are just submerged in the clear water;
(3) sowing:
after the indian cowpea grass seeds are soaked, uniformly broadcasting or dibbling in the middle of the row belts, and after sowing, no rainfall exists for 2 days, and a small amount of irrigation is carried out to ensure that the seeds normally germinate; the seeding rate and density were controlled as follows: if broadcast sowing, the sowing quantity is 2.5kg/667m2Preferably; if dibbling, the seeding rate is 1.5kg/667m2Preferably, when dibbling is carried out, 3 strips are sowed in each row, the width of each row is 5cm, and the distance between every two strips is 30 cm;
(4) and (3) management after sowing:
sowing for 11 days (6 months and 21 days), germinating and unearthing grass seeds for 7 months and 9 days, and spreading before rain2kg/667m of fertilizer2Once, the growth is promoted.
Example 2
A summer grass growing management method for a peach orchard comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation before sowing:
on 8 days in 6 months, cutting off original weeds in the row or other grass seeds sowed in the previous season by a grass trimmer (Aosheng, CG430TW) at a position 5cm away from the ground to naturally lay on the ground;
(2) pretreatment of grass seeds:
after the original grass in the inter-row space is treated, the Indian cowpea grass seeds are treated, and the Indian cowpea grass seeds are soaked in clear water for 11 days in 6 months and 9 days in shady and cool places in a room until the grass seeds are just submerged in the clear water;
(3) sowing:
after the indian cowpea grass seeds are soaked, uniformly broadcasting or dibbling in the middle of the row belts, and after sowing, no rainfall exists for 2 days, and a small amount of irrigation is carried out to ensure that the seeds normally germinate; the seeding rate and density were controlled as follows: if broadcast sowing, the sowing quantity is 2.5kg/667m2Preferably; if dibbling, the seeding rate is 1.5kg/667m2Preferably, when dibbling is carried out, 3 strips are sowed in each row, the width of each row is 5cm, and the distance between every two strips is 30 cm;
(4) and (3) management after sowing:
sowing for 10 days, namely 6 months and 21 days, germinating and unearthing the grass seeds, and selecting 2kg/667m compound fertilizer to be scattered before rain for 7 months and 9 days2Once, the growth is promoted.
The invention has carried out the following concrete experiment:
(1) investigation of germination of different Indian cowpea sowing modes:
after sowing the Indian cowpea for 20 days, the sprouting condition of the Indian cowpea sowed by different treatment modes is investigated, and the experimental result shows that (table 1): the dibbling effect is best, the seeding quantity per mu is minimum, the seeding quantity is only 50% of that used in broadcasting, and the germination rate is highest and reaches 90%, which is more than 5 times of that used in broadcasting. There was no significant difference in the number of sprouts and the rate of sprouts for different amounts of seeding (treatments 1, 2).
TABLE 1 different treatments of raw Indian cowpea sprouting
Note: 1, broadcast sowing 3kg/667m2Indian cowpea; 2, broadcast sowing 2kg/667m2Indian cowpea; 3, dibbling 1.5kg/667m2Indian cowpea.
(2) Investigation of growth and amount of Indian cowpea:
in 7 ten days in the middle of the month, the growth of the India cowpea is very flourishing and basically covers the row space, at the moment, investigation and statistics are carried out on the grass growth amount processed by sowing the India cowpea in different modes and naturally growing grass, and the results are as follows (Table 2), the treatment coverage rate of the dibbling (treatment 3) is highest, and the fresh grass yield and the hay yield are the highest; the grass yield of all treatments for planting the Indian cowpea is larger than that of natural grass, and the planting of the Indian cowpea accumulates more organic matters for soil in terms of both fresh grass quantity and dry grass quantity.
TABLE 2 comparison of the Effect of raw Indian cowpea and natural grass
Note: 1, broadcast sowing 3kg/667m2Indian cowpea; 2, broadcast sowing 2kg/667m2Indian cowpea; 3, dibbling 1.5kg/667m2Indian cowpea; 4, growing grass naturally.
(3) Compared with the influence of natural grass on the temperature of the orchard garden:
in summer and autumn high-temperature seasons, the temperature changes of the ground surface and 20cm underground of the orchard are measured respectively aiming at the method and the treatment of natural grasses, and the results are shown in the attached drawings 1 and 2 of the specification:
as can be seen from figure 1, the variation range of the earth surface temperature of the method is obviously smaller than that of a natural grass orchard, the maximum temperature of each day is obviously lower than that of natural grass, and the maximum temperature difference can even reach more than 15 ℃. Therefore, the method obviously reduces the surface temperature of the orchard garden, effectively reduces the occurrence of extreme high temperature, is more beneficial to the healthy growth and development of trees and increases the fruit grower benefit.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the subsurface temperature changes relatively to a smaller extent and is more stable than the surface temperature changes. Meanwhile, in high-temperature seasons, the underground temperature adopting the method is lower than that of natural grasses, and the damage degree of the high temperature to the root system is reduced, so that the method is more favorable for the growth and development of the root system and the tree body.
(4) Compared with the influence of natural grass on the water content of the soil:
after 7 months, the soil was very dry in the season drought period, in 9 months, the water content of the soil was measured in two different ways, and the results are as follows (tables 3 and 4):
as can be seen from tables 3 and 4, the method has better water retention effect than natural grass; the soil humidity is higher no matter the soil is shallow soil (12 cm; 0-15cm) or deep soil (20 cm; 15-30cm), the treatment by the method is more beneficial to coping with the problem of water shortage in drought seasons, the healthy growth and development of trees are promoted, and the economic benefit is increased.
TABLE 3 volumetric Water content of the soil treated differently
Note: soil volume water content apparatus: TDR300 soil moisture tester (Spectrum technologies, USA) unit: ml/100 ml.
TABLE 4 moisture content by mass of soil treated differently
Note: mass water content of soil
The sampling method comprises the following steps: test plots were selected and sampled at 3 random points per treatment. Respectively sampling at 0-15cm and 15-30cm of depth of each point, namely taking two different samples, uniformly sampling the cross section of the same sample, uniformly mixing, taking one fourth of the sample by a quartering method, weighing 1kg of fresh soil sample, sealing by a self-sealing bag, and measuring.
The treatment method comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the soil sample in an oven for drying, and measuring the mass of the soil sample for multiple times at different times during the period until the mass of the soil sample is not changed, which indicates that the moisture of the soil sample is completely evaporated.
Measurement: the soil sample is weighed for dry weight and the water content is calculated.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A peach orchard grass growing management method in summer is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) preparation before sowing: in the last ten days of 6 months, the original weeds in the rows or other grass seeds sowed in the previous season are cut off from the ground at a position of 5-10cm, so that the weeds are naturally paved on the ground; (2) grass seed pretreatment: after the original grass between the row spaces is treated, the India cowpea grass seeds are soaked in clear water for 2 days in a shady and cool place, and the water amount is preferably that the grass seeds are just submerged; (3) sowing: after the Indian cowpea grass seeds are soaked, uniformly broadcasting or dibbling in the middle of the row belts, wherein the sowing time is preferably 2-3 days before rainfall, for example, no rainfall is needed 2-3 days after sowing, and a small amount of irrigation is needed to ensure that the seeds normally germinate; the seeding rate and density were controlled as follows: if broadcast sowing, the sowing quantity is 2.0-3.0kg/667m2Preferably; if dibbling, the seeding rate is 1.0-2.0kg/667m2Preferably, when dibbling is carried out, 1-3 strips are sowed in each row, specifically, the distance between each strip is 30cm according to the width of the row; (4) management after sowing: sowing for about 10 days, germinating and unearthing the grass seeds, selecting 2-3kg of compound fertilizer to be scattered before rain in the late 6-7 last days of the month2Once, the growth is promoted.
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