CN115918455A - Quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach one-year triple cropping rotation method - Google Patents
Quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach one-year triple cropping rotation method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115918455A CN115918455A CN202310018918.8A CN202310018918A CN115918455A CN 115918455 A CN115918455 A CN 115918455A CN 202310018918 A CN202310018918 A CN 202310018918A CN 115918455 A CN115918455 A CN 115918455A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- quinoa
- sowing
- year
- fresh
- spinach
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000009356 triple cropping Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 240000006162 Chenopodium quinoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000015493 Chenopodium quinoa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 244000300264 Spinacia oleracea Species 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 16
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005747 Chlorothalonil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 4
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CXEGAUYXQAKHKJ-NSBHKLITSA-N emamectin B1a Chemical compound C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](NC)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 CXEGAUYXQAKHKJ-NSBHKLITSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021067 refined food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000715 Mucilage Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 enoyl manganese zinc Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000219315 Spinacia Species 0.000 description 13
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000233679 Peronosporaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000256259 Noctuidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021384 green leafy vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 5u8924t11h Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C.C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000219312 Chenopodium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000255777 Lepidoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008167 abamectin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a quinoa-fresh-eating soybean-spinach three-cropping crop rotation method in one year, which is suitable for planting in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, wherein firstly, land blocks with sufficient illumination, moderate fertility, flat field blocks and convenient irrigation and drainage are selected in 3-6 months to complete the planting and harvesting of the quinoa; then finishing the planting and harvesting of the fresh-eating soybeans on the harvested land parcel of the chenopodium quinoa in 7-10 months; the spinach is then planted and harvested on the harvested plots of fresh soybeans over a period of 11 months in the year to 2 months in the next year. The rotation mode provided by the technical scheme of the invention not only improves the land utilization rate, but also increases the field output and improves the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach one-year three-cropping rotation method.
Background
In the middle and downstream areas of Yangtze river, the connection of stubble crops before and after spring sowing Chenopodium quinoa is always a more prominent problem in production, at present, a rice-Chenopodium quinoa wheel is mainly used, an open field period of about 100 days from the middle and last ten days of 11 months to the end of 2 months exists in production, and the requirement of increasing the land utilization rate is opposite to the requirement of increasing the land utilization rate.
Therefore, the problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field is how to provide an improved planting mode to maximize the utilization rate of the chenopodium quinoa planting land.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a one-year three-cropping rotation method of quinoa-fresh-eating soybean-spinach, and the three crops are seamlessly butted in field growth, so that the land utilization rate is greatly improved, and the field income of farmers is increased.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach one-year three-cropping rotation method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a land with sufficient illumination, moderate fertility, flat field and convenient irrigation and drainage, and finishing the planting and harvesting of the chenopodium quinoa in 3-6 months;
step two: finishing the planting and harvesting of fresh-eating soybeans on the harvested field of chenopodium quinoa in 7-10 months;
step three: the spinach planting and harvesting are completed on the land after the harvest of fresh-eating soybeans in the period from 11 months in the current year to 2 months in the next year.
Preferably, the first step of growing and harvesting chenopodium quinoa is as follows:
(1.1) fertilizing and soil preparation: cleaning land blocks at the beginning of 2-3 months, uniformly spreading 30-40 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer, then ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-25 cm, leveling and harrowing are performed, furrowing is performed, the width of a furrow surface is 2.5-3 m, the width of a field furrow is 20-25 cm, the depth of the field furrow is 15-20 cm, and drainage ditches at the periphery of the field are cleaned for later use;
(1.2) sowing: sowing on the prepared land blocks in the early 3 months, ditching for hole sowing, wherein the ditch depth is 2-3 cm, the row spacing is 25-35 cm, the plant spacing is 15-20 cm, the sowing amount is 350-450 g/mu, and sowing, earthing and slightly pressing are carried out;
(1.3) field management: on the day of sowing or the next day, watering thoroughly in the field once, thinning the seedlings according to the principle of weak removal, strong retention and small removal and large retention when the seedlings are 8-12 cm high to ensure that 1-2 seedlings are kept in each hole, intertillage weeding simultaneously, applying 15-20 kg/mu of potassium compound fertilizer when the quinoa wheat seedlings reach 8-10 main leaves, and performing pest control during the growth period;
(1.4) timely harvesting: in the middle late 6 months, the chenopodium quinoa leaves gradually turn yellow or red, 85-95% of grains at the ear are completely filled and completely matured, harvested and threshed, and impurities are removed, dried in the sun and stored.
Further, the ternary compound fertilizer element ratio N: P: K =15, and the potassium compound fertilizer element ratio N: P: K = 16.
Further, the pest control specifically comprises: in the middle and later growth period of quinoa, 800-1000 times of 1.8% emamectin benzoate emulsifiable solution can be sprayed on leaf surfaces to prevent and control pests such as noctuid and the like; the 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 times liquid or 69% enoyl manganese zinc wettable powder 800 times liquid is sprayed to prevent and control downy mildew and other diseases.
Preferably, the planting and harvesting of the fresh-eating soybeans in the step two are specifically as follows:
(2.1) land preparation and fertilization: after the chenopodium quinoa is harvested, cleaning field blocks in time, uniformly spreading the ternary compound fertilizer according to 40-50 kg/mu and the organic fertilizer according to 800-1000 kg/mu on the soil surface, then turning over in time, wherein the turning depth is 25-30 cm, and raking for later use;
(2.2) sowing: selecting fresh soybean varieties for hole sowing, wherein the hole distance is 25-30 cm, the row distance is 30-35 cm,3 seeds are sowed in each hole, 2 seedlings are remained, and the sowing amount is 6-7 kg/mu;
(2.3) field management: in the flowering and pod bearing period of the soybeans, 10-15 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer is applied, after the soybeans bear pods, 0.5% of composite monopotassium phosphate and 1% of urea mixed solution are sprayed on the leaf surfaces twice, the interval period of the two times is 7-10 d, and pest control is carried out during the growth period;
(2.4) timely harvesting: picking the bean pods as clean water cooking food when the bean pods are enlarged and are not changed in color; picking the processed food before hardening of hull fiber and thickening of seed coat.
Further, the element ratio of the ternary compound fertilizer N: P: K = 15.
Further, the pest control method comprises the following steps: selecting disease-resistant variety (such as Tongbean No. 6), and combining physical prevention and control (such as black light lamp moth-luring) with low-toxicity high-efficiency pesticide chemical prevention and control (such as emamectin benzoate and abamectin leaf surface spraying to prevent and control Lepidoptera pests).
Preferably, the spinach planting and harvesting in the third step are specifically as follows:
(3.1) removing diseased plant and residual leaves in the field in time after the soybean of the previous stubble is harvested at the bottom of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months, applying rotten farmyard manure of 1000-1500 kg/mu and ternary compound fertilizer of 20 kg/mu, deeply turning over for 25cm, leveling the land, ditching and making furrows, wherein the width of each furrow is 2.0m, the width of each furrow is 30cm, the depth of each furrow is 25cm, a shallow transverse ditch is arranged at intervals of 8-10 m, and the furrow ditch, the waist ditch and the circumferential ditch are communicated;
(3.2) seed treatment: selecting varieties with strong cold resistance, strong winterness and late bolting, wherein the purity of the varieties is more than 95.0%, the purity is more than 98.0%, and the germination rate is more than 80%, soaking the seeds in cold water for 12 hours 1d before sowing, then washing off mucilage on the surfaces of the seeds, fishing out and draining for later use;
(3.3) sowing: broadcast sowing or drill sowing is adopted, wherein:
(1) broadcasting: before sowing, fine soil is mixed into the seeds according to the mass ratio of 1:2, the seeds are uniformly stirred and then sown, the seed amount is 4-5 kg/mu, the seeds are firstly uniformly sown on the ridge surface, then 1-2 cm soil is covered on the seeds, and sufficient water is compacted and poured;
(2) drilling: the depth of the ditch is 2.0-2.5 cm, the row spacing is 12-15 cm, the seed consumption is 3.5-4 kg/mu, after sowing, the furrow surface is harrowed, compacted and watered enough water;
(3.4) field management: watering after sowing for 2-3 days, thinning the seedlings when 2-3 true leaves grow out, preferably setting seedlings and watering when the plant spacing is 3-5 cm, setting seedlings and watering when 3-4 true leaves grow out, topdressing for the first time after thinning, and watering in time after fertilizing, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
diluting the urea into 0.5-1.0% urea solution, and dressing or broadcasting 12-15 kg/mu urea solution with water; performing secondary topdressing 2 weeks before harvesting, broadcasting according to 15-20 kg/mu of urea, and watering, wherein pest control is performed during the period;
(3.5) timely harvesting: after the period of 6 leaves, the seeds are collected for a plurality of times or once in sunny days according to the requirements.
Further, the element ratio of the ternary compound fertilizer N: P: K = 15.
Further, the pest control is specifically as follows: selecting disease-resistant variety (such as spinach) and combining physical prevention and control (such as yellow leaf aphid luring or silver gray membrane aphid avoiding) with low-toxicity and high-efficiency pesticide chemical prevention and control (such as using 500 times of 58% Redox liquid or 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil liquid for spray control of downy mildew and the like).
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a one-year triple cropping rotation method of quinoa-fresh-eating soybean-spinach, and has the following beneficial effects:
the technical scheme provided by the invention is suitable for a crop rotation mode of linkage of chenopodium quinoa-fresh-eating soybean-spinach crops in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, so that the land utilization rate is improved, the field output is increased, and the economic benefit is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it should be apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps: planting and harvesting chenopodium quinoa willd in 3-6 months
(1.1) fertilizing and soil preparation: the method comprises the following steps of selecting land blocks which are sufficient in illumination, moderate in fertility, flat in field blocks and convenient to drain and irrigate, wherein the chenopodium quinoa is not suitable for continuous cropping, the previous crops are suitable for gramineous, leguminous and cucurbitaceous crops, and the land blocks are cleaned up from the bottom of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months, wherein a ternary compound fertilizer (15);
(1.2) sowing: sowing on the prepared land blocks in the beginning of 3 months, ditching and bunch planting, wherein the depth of ditches is 2-3 cm, the row spacing is 25-35 cm, the plant spacing is 15-20 cm, the sowing amount is 350-450 g/mu, and the sowing is covered with soil and slightly pressed;
(1.3) field management: the quinoa is drought-resistant and waterlogged, so that convenience in field irrigation and drainage is ensured, on the day when the quinoa is sowed and covered with soil or the next day, the field is watered for one time to permeate water, so that normal seedling emergence of the quinoa is ensured, when the height of seedlings is 8-12 cm, seedlings are thinned according to the principle of weak removal, strong retention and small retention to ensure that 1-2 plants are kept in each hole, meanwhile, intertillage weeding is carried out, as the quinoa has a large demand for potassium elements, when the quinoa seedlings reach 8-10 true leaves, 15-20 kg/mu of a potassium compound fertilizer (16;
in pest control:
the disease and insect pests of the quinoa at the early growth stage are few, and the quinoa is hardly used for prevention and treatment. The quinoa can be damaged by diseases and pests such as downy mildew and noctuid in the middle and later growth stages, the disease prevention can be carried out by spraying 500-fold liquid of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 800-fold liquid of 69% enoyl-manganese-zinc wettable powder, and the pest control can be carried out by spraying 800-1000-fold liquid of 1.8% emamectin benzoate on leaf surfaces.
(1.4) timely harvesting: in the middle late 6 months, the chenopodium quinoa leaves gradually turn yellow or red, 85-95% of grains at the ear are completely filled and completely matured, harvested and threshed, and impurities are removed, dried in the sun and stored.
Step two: planting and harvesting fresh soybean in 7-10 months:
(2.1) land preparation and fertilization: after the chenopodium quinoa is harvested, cleaning field blocks in time, uniformly spreading organic fertilizer according to a ratio of 40-50 kg/mu and 800-1000 kg/mu on the soil surface, and then turning over in time, wherein the turning depth is 25-30 cm, and raking for later use;
(2.2) sowing: selecting a fresh soybean variety which has good stress resistance and high yield and is cooked with clear water and has fragrant and glutinous taste, sowing 3 seeds in each hole with the hole distance of 25-30 cm and the row distance of 30-35 cm in a hole sowing mode, and reserving 2 seedlings with the sowing amount of 6-7 kg/mu;
(2.3) field management: in the flowering and pod bearing period of soybean, dressing 10-15 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer, after the soybean is subjected to pod bearing, spraying the leaf surface twice by using mixed liquor of 0.5% composite potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1% urea, wherein the interval period of the two times is 7-10 d so as to prevent flower and pod falling, the pod is large and full, and the pest and disease damage prevention is carried out during the growth period;
the specific principle of pest control is as follows:
in the process of using the medicine, the principles of green prevention and control and scientific prevention and control are adhered to, physical prevention and control or biological prevention and control are adopted as far as possible, chemical agents are required to be used for prevention and control, and low-toxicity, high-efficiency and low-residue agents are also selected as principles. Uses the farmland ecosystem as a whole and applies green prevention and control technologies such as ecological regulation, biological prevention and control, physical prevention and control and the like. When the pesticide is used, low-toxicity, low-residue, broad-spectrum and high-efficiency pesticides are selected. The agricultural control mainly refers to selecting disease-resistant improved seeds, cultivating strong seedlings without diseases and insect pests, and the like; the physics mainly comprises the steps of adopting a black light lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a pest sticking plate and the like to trap and kill different types of pests; biological control mainly means controlling plant diseases and insect pests by using microorganisms and natural enemy insects; the chemical prevention and control mainly comprises the prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests and the like by using chemical insecticidal bactericides, but a safe interval period is ensured.
(2.4) timely harvesting: picking the beans as clear water to cook food when the pods are expanded and are not changed in color; the quick-frozen processed food is picked before the pod shell fiber is hardened and the seed coat is thickened, namely, the quick-frozen processed food is picked in advance when the pod is bright green in color, and the mouth feel and the quality are favorably ensured.
Step three: planting and harvesting spinach from 11 months to 2 months of the year
(3.1) cleaning and removing diseased plants and residual leaves in the field in time after the soybean of the previous crop is harvested from the bottom of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months, applying rotten farmyard manure of 1000-1500 kg/mu and a ternary compound fertilizer (15) of 20 kg/mu, deeply turning over for 25cm, leveling the land, ditching and making furrows, wherein the width of each furrow is 2.0m, the width of each furrow is 30cm, the depth of each furrow is 25cm, a shallow transverse ditch is arranged at intervals of 8-10 m, and the furrow among the furrow ditches, the waist ditches and the circumferential ditches is communicated;
(3.2) seed treatment: selecting a variety with strong cold resistance, strong winter property and late bolting, wherein the purity of the variety is more than 95.0%, the purity is more than 98.0%, the germination rate is more than 80%, and the outer surface of the spinach seed is provided with leather peel, soaking the seed with cold water for 12 hours before sowing in order to improve the germination rate, then washing off mucilage on the surface of the seed, fishing out and draining for later use;
(3.3) sowing: broadcast sowing or drill sowing is adopted; when in sowing, fine soil is mixed in the seeds according to the mass ratio of 1:2 before sowing, the seeds are uniformly stirred and then sown, the seed amount is 4-5 kg/mu, the seeds are firstly sown on the surface of the furrow uniformly, then 1-2 cm of soil is covered on the seeds, and sufficient water is compacted and poured; when in strip sowing, the depth of the furrow is 2.0-2.5 cm, the row spacing is 12-15 cm, the seed consumption is 3.5-4 kg/mu, and after sowing, the furrow surface is harrowed, compacted and watered sufficiently;
(3.4) field management: spinach has shallow root systems which are mostly distributed in a soil layer of more than 30cm, the requirement on water and fertilizer is high in the growth period, watering is carried out after 2-3 days of sowing, seedlings grow out 2-3 true leaves for time-lapse, thinning is required to be protected between seedlings, weak and strong are removed, the plant spacing is 3-5 cm, watering is carried out at fixed seedling time when 3-4 true leaves are grown, topdressing is carried out after thinning, watering is carried out in time after fertilizing, and specifically, urea is diluted into 0.5-1.0% of urea liquid to be applied with water or to be applied with 12-15 kg/mu of urea; performing secondary topdressing 2 weeks before harvesting, broadcasting according to 15-20 kg/mu of urea, and watering, wherein pest control is performed during the period;
the specific principle of pest control is as follows:
spinach serving as leaf vegetables is subjected to strict rules of green prevention and control and scientific prevention and control in the pest control process, physical prevention and control or biological prevention and control are adopted as much as possible, chemical agents are required to be used for prevention and control, low-toxicity, high-efficiency and low-residue agents are selected to be used as the principles, a farmland ecosystem is taken as a whole, and green prevention and control technologies such as ecological regulation, biological prevention and control, physical prevention and control, scientific medicine application and the like are applied. When the pesticide is used, low-toxicity, low-residue, broad-spectrum and high-efficiency pesticides are selected. The agricultural control mainly refers to selecting disease-resistant improved seeds, cultivating strong seedlings without diseases and insect pests and the like; the physics mainly comprises the steps of adopting a black light lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a pest sticking plate and the like to trap and kill different types of pests; biological control mainly means controlling plant diseases and insect pests by using microorganisms and natural enemy insects; the chemical prevention and control mainly comprises the prevention and control of spinach plant diseases and insect pests by using chemical insecticidal bactericides, but a safe interval period is ensured.
(3.5) timely harvesting: spinach is a green leaf vegetable which can be harvested in batches and for many times, and can be harvested for many times or once after growing to 6 leaves according to the growth condition, market conditions and crop rotation requirements. In order to ensure clean spinach in batch harvesting or intermittent picking harvesting in multiple times, the spinach is recommended to be harvested in fine days, and in batch harvesting, the spinach is recommended to be selected to be large and small in each harvesting and to be dense and thin in intervals, so that spinach left in the field is uniformly distributed, sufficient sprouting is facilitated, and the yield is improved.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach one-year three-cropping rotation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a land with sufficient illumination, moderate fertility, flat field and convenient irrigation and drainage, and finishing the planting and harvesting of the chenopodium quinoa in 3-6 months;
step two: finishing the planting and harvesting of the fresh-eating soybeans on the harvested land parcel of the chenopodium quinoa in 7-10 months;
step three: the spinach planting and harvesting is completed on the land after the harvest of the fresh-eating soybeans in the period from 11 months in the year to 2 months in the next year.
2. The quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach one-year triple cropping rotation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first quinoa planting and harvesting step is specifically as follows:
(1.1) fertilizing and soil preparation: cleaning land blocks at the beginning of 2-3 months, uniformly spreading 30-40 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer, then ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-25 cm, leveling and harrowing are performed, furrowing is performed, the width of a furrow surface is 2.5-3 m, the width of a field furrow is 20-25 cm, the depth of the field furrow is 15-20 cm, and drainage ditches at the periphery of the field are cleaned for later use;
(1.2) sowing: sowing on the prepared land blocks in the beginning of 3 months, ditching and bunch planting, wherein the depth of ditches is 2-3 cm, the row spacing is 25-35 cm, the plant spacing is 15-20 cm, the sowing amount is 350-450 g/mu, and the sowing is covered with soil and slightly pressed;
(1.3) field management: on the day of sowing or the next day, watering thoroughly in the field once, thinning the seedlings to ensure that 1-2 seedlings are kept in each hole when the height of the seedlings is 8-12 cm, intertillage weeding simultaneously, applying 15-20 kg/mu of potassium compound fertilizer when the quinoa wheat seedlings reach 8-10 true leaves, and performing pest control during the growth period;
(1.4) timely harvesting: in the middle late 6 months, the chenopodium quinoa leaves gradually turn yellow or red, 85-95% of grains at the ear are completely filled and completely matured, harvested and threshed, and impurities are removed, dried in the sun and stored.
3. The one-year three-cropping rotation method of quinoa-fresh-eating soybean-spinach according to claim 2, characterized in that the three-element compound fertilizer comprises the following elements in a ratio of N: P: K = 15.
4. The one-year-three-cropping rotation method for quinoa-fresh-eating soybean-spinach according to claim 2, characterized in that the pest control is specifically as follows: spraying 800-1000 times of 1.8% emamectin benzoate emulsifiable solution on leaf surfaces in the middle and later growth stages of quinoa; spraying with 500 times of solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 800 times of solution of 69% enoyl manganese zinc wettable powder.
5. The quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach one-year triple cropping rotation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fresh soybean planting and harvesting in the second step are specifically:
(2.1) land preparation and fertilization: after harvesting the chenopodium quinoa of the previous crop, cleaning field blocks in time, uniformly spreading organic fertilizer according to the weight of 40-50 kg/mu and 800-1000 kg/mu on the soil surface, turning over in time with the turning depth of 25-30 cm, and raking for later use;
(2.2) sowing: selecting a fresh soybean variety for hole sowing, wherein the hole distance is 25-30 cm, the row distance is 30-35 cm,3 seeds are sowed in each hole, 2 seedlings are remained, and the sowing quantity is 6-7 kg/mu;
(2.3) field management: in the flowering and pod bearing period of the soybeans, 10-15 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer is applied, after the soybeans bear pods, 0.5% of composite monopotassium phosphate and 1% of urea mixed solution are sprayed on the leaf surfaces twice, the interval period of the two times is 7-10 d, and pest control is carried out during the growth period;
(2.4) timely harvesting: picking the beans as clear water to cook food when the pods are expanded and are not changed in color; picking the processed food before hardening of hull fiber and thickening of seed coat.
6. The one-year three-cropping rotation method of quinoa-fresh-eating soybean-spinach according to claim 5, characterized in that the ternary compound fertilizer has the element ratio of N: P: K = 15.
7. The method for one-year triple cropping of quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach according to claim 5, wherein the method for controlling pests comprises: selecting disease-resistant varieties, and combining physical prevention and control with low-toxicity high-efficiency pesticide chemical prevention and control.
8. The quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach three-year-round rotation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spinach cultivation and harvesting in the third step are specifically:
(3.1) removing diseased plant and residual leaves in the field in time after the soybean of the previous stubble is harvested at the bottom of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months, applying rotten farmyard manure of 1000-1500 kg/mu and ternary compound fertilizer of 20 kg/mu, deeply turning over for 25cm, leveling the land, ditching and making furrows, wherein the width of each furrow is 2.0m, the width of each furrow is 30cm, the depth of each furrow is 25cm, a shallow transverse ditch is arranged at intervals of 8-10 m, and the furrow ditch, the waist ditch and the circumferential ditch are communicated;
(3.2) seed treatment: selecting a variety with strong cold resistance, strong winterness and late bolting, wherein the purity of the variety is more than 95.0%, the purity is more than 98.0%, and the germination rate is more than 80%, soaking the seeds with cold water for 12h before sowing for 1d, then washing off mucilage on the surfaces of the seeds, fishing out and draining for later use;
(3.3) sowing: broadcast sowing or drill sowing is adopted, wherein:
(1) broadcasting: before sowing, the seeds are mixed with fine soil according to the mass ratio of 1:2, the mixture is stirred uniformly and then sowed, the seed amount is 4-5 kg/mu, the seeds are firstly sowed on the surface of a furrow uniformly, then the seeds are covered with soil for 1-2 cm, compacted and watered sufficiently;
(2) drilling: the depth of the ditch is 2.0-2.5 cm, the row spacing is 12-15 cm, the seed consumption is 3.5-4 kg/mu, after sowing, the furrow surface is harrowed, compacted and watered enough water;
(3.4) field management: watering after sowing for 2-3 days, thinning the seedlings when 2-3 true leaves grow out, fixing the seedlings and watering when 3-4 true leaves grow out at the plant spacing of 3-5 cm, topdressing for the first time after thinning, and watering in time after fertilizing, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
diluting the urea into 0.5-1.0% urea solution, and dressing or broadcasting 12-15 kg/mu urea solution with water; performing secondary topdressing 2 weeks before harvesting, broadcasting urea at a rate of 15-20 kg/mu, and watering, wherein pest control is performed during the period;
(3.5) timely harvesting: after the period of 6 leaves, the seeds are collected for a plurality of times or once in sunny days according to the requirements.
9. The one-year three-cropping rotation method of quinoa-fresh-eating soybean-spinach according to claim 8, characterized in that the ternary compound fertilizer has the element ratio of N: P: K = 15.
10. The one-year-three-cropping rotation method for quinoa-fresh-eating soybean-spinach according to claim 8, wherein the pest control is specifically as follows: selecting disease-resistant varieties, and combining physical prevention and control with low-toxicity high-efficiency pesticide chemical prevention and control.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310018918.8A CN115918455B (en) | 2023-01-06 | 2023-01-06 | One-year triple-cropping rotation method for quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310018918.8A CN115918455B (en) | 2023-01-06 | 2023-01-06 | One-year triple-cropping rotation method for quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115918455A true CN115918455A (en) | 2023-04-07 |
| CN115918455B CN115918455B (en) | 2024-07-02 |
Family
ID=86656099
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310018918.8A Active CN115918455B (en) | 2023-01-06 | 2023-01-06 | One-year triple-cropping rotation method for quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115918455B (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108307964A (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-07-24 | 中国中医科学院中药研究所 | A kind of fine cultivating soil modification method in ginseng farmland |
| CN111990192A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-11-27 | 静乐县农业技术推广中心 | Quinoa dry land ditching and ridging planting method |
-
2023
- 2023-01-06 CN CN202310018918.8A patent/CN115918455B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108307964A (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-07-24 | 中国中医科学院中药研究所 | A kind of fine cultivating soil modification method in ginseng farmland |
| CN111990192A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-11-27 | 静乐县农业技术推广中心 | Quinoa dry land ditching and ridging planting method |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 师长海;刘家斌;张洪生;林琪;: "胶东地区藜麦轻简化栽培技术", 耕作与栽培, vol. 40, no. 1, 29 February 2020 (2020-02-29), pages 48 - 50 * |
| 张文斌;张龙全;牟建梅;程玉龙;陈东海;钱军;郭翠琴;严宇;张国芹: "设施菠菜机械化生产技术规程", 31 December 2020 (2020-12-31) * |
| 张春生;张树正;王秋红;: "花椰菜—夏毛豆—秋冬菠菜一年三熟有机栽培技术", 现代农业科技, no. 20, 31 October 2009 (2009-10-31), pages 148 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115918455B (en) | 2024-07-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103155775B (en) | Cultivation method of organic broomcorn for making wine | |
| CN101129123A (en) | Cold resistant high-production synthetic method for planting rice | |
| CN102326486A (en) | Planting technology of purple sweet potatoes | |
| CN108541542B (en) | Light-simplified high-yield high-efficiency planting mode for cotton field | |
| CN106576727A (en) | Pollution-free sunflower culture method | |
| CN105191627A (en) | High-yield spring peanut cultivation method | |
| CN109937828A (en) | A kind of high yield cultivating method of Dryland interplanting corn semen viciae fabae | |
| CN105027884A (en) | Light and simplified cultivation method for oilseed rapes in northern snow region | |
| CN106941907A (en) | The method that full film double-furrow broadcasts corn regrowth hair zero tillage winter rape | |
| CN1509590A (en) | Soybean cultivating method with high yield | |
| CN106613210B (en) | High-yield interplanting cultivation method for Chinese yams and spring loofahs | |
| CN102047796A (en) | Pumpkin seed cultivation technique | |
| CN105474905A (en) | Plantation method of organic millets | |
| CN113243260A (en) | Cultivation method for mixed culture of purple perilla and konjak | |
| CN110476739B (en) | Method suitable for planting capsicum in Hainan province | |
| CN105325160A (en) | Simplified cultivation method of oilseed rapes in northern snow region | |
| CN108293565A (en) | The method for improving Xinjiang fruit tree field land utilization ratio and benefit | |
| CN107926576A (en) | A kind of spring sowing shallot cultivation technique | |
| CN110547156A (en) | High-yield cultivation method for tomatoes | |
| CN111386984B (en) | Synergistic efficient planting method for cotton, melon and vegetable in saline-alkali land | |
| CN110384024B (en) | Method for cultivating forage maize | |
| CN115918455B (en) | One-year triple-cropping rotation method for quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach | |
| CN113243273A (en) | Cultivation method for interplanting peanuts with sugarcane | |
| CN106465629A (en) | Using Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydiss, Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L. catch cropping improve crop yield implantation methods | |
| CN111727828A (en) | Dry land no-tillage multiple cropping millet cultivation technology |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |