CN110447444B - Method for artificially promoting natural renewal of dalbergia odorifera - Google Patents
Method for artificially promoting natural renewal of dalbergia odorifera Download PDFInfo
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- CN110447444B CN110447444B CN201910769832.2A CN201910769832A CN110447444B CN 110447444 B CN110447444 B CN 110447444B CN 201910769832 A CN201910769832 A CN 201910769832A CN 110447444 B CN110447444 B CN 110447444B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for artificially promoting natural updating of dalbergia odorifera, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of screening mother trees, soil preparation, reseeding and replanting, protecting young trees and weeding, and is characterized in that young dalbergia odorifera with the age of more than 8 years is selected for the screened mother trees; the method starts to update under the forest at the young forest, and can better form a multi-level dalbergia odorifera forest compared with the existing method for updating by adopting a mature forest, the multi-level dalbergia odorifera forest can fully utilize nutrient components in the soil, activate soil nutrients, save production time, ensure ecological benefits and ensure good development of the soil ecological environment in the stony desert area.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of vegetation renewal. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for artificially promoting natural renewal of dalbergia odorifera.
Background
Dalbergia odorifera, commonly known as Hemerocallis hainanensis, belongs to the genus Dalbergia of the family Papilionaceae. The dalbergia odorifera grows slowly under natural conditions, can be grown in 30-40 years, and has higher and higher wood value along with the increase of the tree age. At present, dalbergia odorifera is planted in large areas in the south China, the Guangdong, the Guangxi, the Fujian and other places in China.
The dalbergia odorifera is slow in natural renewal, low in economic benefit and high in survival rate of renewed seedlings due to a plurality of environmental influence factors. Thus, methods for artificially promoting natural turnover are often employed in poorly-conditioned karst areas in general. The method has the advantages that the method artificially promotes natural updating, can enhance the hierarchical structure of forest stands, change forest facies, directionally cultivate high-quality and high-yield forests, and select cutting for utilization, saves labor and cost in management and management, and can keep the ecological environment of karst areas developing well.
Traditional dalbergia odorifera artificial forest is mainly with cultivating timber, can regularly clear away the under-forest vegetation in the young forest phase, the seedling that updates this moment also can be clear away simultaneously, in order to guarantee the growth of target tree, just consider to keep the seedling of natural renewal after the mature forest forms, after the mother tree of mature forest is felled, the seedling of natural renewal is still too little, the survival rate is not high, still need multiple fertilization, weeding to foster measures such as can guarantee the growth of young and seedling sapling, and is with high costs, the artificial interference is strong, be unfavorable for forest ecological environment's maintenance in karst area.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide a method for artificially promoting natural regeneration of dalbergia odorifera, which is to start under-forest regeneration in young forests, and can better form multi-level dalbergia odorifera forests compared with the existing method for performing regeneration in mature forests, and the multi-level dalbergia odorifera forests can fully utilize the nutrient components in soil, activate soil nutrients, save production time, and avoid generation interruption after harvesting, thereby ensuring ecological benefits and ensuring good development of soil ecological environment in stony desertification areas.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for artificially promoting natural renewal of Dalbergia odorifera, comprising:
screening mother trees, soil preparation, reseeding and reseeding, protecting young trees and weeding, wherein the young dalbergia odorifera with the age of more than 8 years is selected for the screened mother trees.
Preferably, the specific steps are as follows:
step one, selecting dalbergia odorifera forest with a slope of 20-25 degrees, a soil pH value of 6-7 and a forest stand canopy density of 0.5-0.6 as a mother forest;
step two, performing block soil preparation and loosening on the soil part under the dalbergia odorifera mother tree, wherein the land preparation area is 1m multiplied by 1m, deep ploughing is 10cm-15cm, and weeds are removed and then aired in the nearby vacant land for later use during land preparation; the sowing mode is that dalbergia odorifera seeds freely fall or are manually collected and sowed to the whole land, and the seeds are covered by the aired weeds after falling;
thirdly, after the dalbergia odorifera seeds germinate to form new plants, tending and managing the new plants, manually weeding once in each of 4-5 months and 9-10 months every year, and fertilizing once;
step four, inter-planting the updated nursery stock, wherein the density of the updated nursery stock is kept at 400-600 plants/hm2。
Preferably, the density of the mother trees of dalbergia odorifera forest in the step one is 800-2。
Preferably, the time for soil preparation and loosening in the second step is 1-2 months before the dalbergia odorifera seeds are ripe and fly away.
Preferably, the weeds are retained after weeding in step three, and the weeds are covered on the surface of a new plant.
Preferably, the specific fertilization method in the third step is that an annular fertilization ditch is dug at a position 20cm away from the trunk of the updated seedling, and 100-150g of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is placed in each plant.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
firstly, on the basis of the existing woodland, a method for promoting the updating of the dalbergia odorifera forest by adopting an artificial promotion method is adopted, young seedlings with the ages of more than 8 years are used as mother trees for updating, the trees can grow robustly and simultaneously the main cutting can be ensured, the good replacement of different levels of the dalbergia odorifera forest can be ensured, the problem that the survival rate of the dalbergia odorifera is reduced when the young dalbergia odorifera forest is too small after the mature forest is harvested can be solved, and the small climate of the forest is lost or the environment is changed suddenly;
secondly, due to the multi-level property of the dalbergia odorifera forest, the soil can be effectively activated, the nutritional ingredients of the soil absorbed by the trees of all ages are different, and the absorption efficiency of the soil nutrients is higher than that of the existing dalbergia odorifera forest mainly based on wood cultivation.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
The implementation area of the embodiment of the invention is located in towns of white mountains in Mashan county of Zhuang nationality in Guangxi province;
< example 1>
The method for artificially promoting the natural renewal of dalbergia odorifera comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting dalbergia odorifera forest with the slope of 20-25 ℃, the pH value of soil of 6-7 and the canopy density of forest stand of 0.5-0.6 as a mother tree forest, wherein the forest land is loose and fertile in soil and good in drainage, and the density of the dalbergia odorifera mother tree is 1000 strains/hm & lt 800- & gt-2(ii) a Then pruning the lower vertical, weak and dense branches of dalbergia odorifera to keep a good tree crown structure, so that the canopy density of the forest is kept between 0.5 and 0.6, and a good forest microclimate is formed, so that seeds and updated seedlings can obtain sufficient sunlight and moisture;
step two, performing block soil preparation on the soil under the dalbergia odorifera mother tree, wherein the land preparation area is 1m multiplied by 1m, deep ploughing is 10cm-15cm, and after seeds fall, the seeds are covered with the removed weeds; the seed falling mode is that the dalbergia odorifera seeds fall freely, and the seeds are covered by weeds after falling;
thirdly, after the dalbergia odorifera seeds germinate to form new plants, tending and managing the new plants, manually weeding once in each of 4-5 months and 9-10 months every year, and fertilizing once;
step four, inter-planting the updated nursery stock, wherein the density of the updated nursery stock is kept at 400-600 plants/hm2。
< example 2>
The method for artificially promoting the natural renewal of dalbergia odorifera comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting dalbergia odorifera forest with the slope of 20-25 degrees, the pH value of soil of 6-7 and the canopy density of forest stand of 0.5-0.6 as a mother forest, wherein the slope soil is loose and fertile, and has good drainageAnd the density of the mother tree of dalbergia odorifera is 800-2(ii) a Then pruning vertical, weak branches and dense paper strips of the dalbergia odorifera to keep a good tree crown structure, so that the canopy density of the forest is kept between 0.5 and 0.6, and a good forest microclimate is formed, so that seeds and updated seedlings can obtain sufficient sunlight and moisture;
step two, performing soil preparation and loosening, wherein the time for soil preparation is 1-2 months before the dalbergia odorifera seeds are mature, the specific mode is that the soil part under the dalbergia odorifera mother tree is subjected to block soil preparation, the soil preparation area is 1m multiplied by 1m, deep ploughing is carried out for 10-15 cm, the sowing mode is that the dalbergia odorifera seeds are manually collected and sowed to the soil preparation position, and the seeds are covered with weeds after falling;
thirdly, after the dalbergia odorifera seeds germinate to form new plants, tending and managing the new plants, removing weeds once in each of 4-5 months and 9-10 months every year, and fertilizing once, wherein the weeds after weeding are reserved and cover the surfaces of the new plants;
step four, inter-planting the updated nursery stock, wherein the density of the updated nursery stock is kept at 400-600 plants/hm2。
< example 3>
The method for artificially promoting the natural renewal of dalbergia odorifera comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting dalbergia odorifera forest with the slope of 20-25 ℃, the pH value of soil of 6-7 and the canopy density of forest stand of 0.5-0.6 as a mother tree forest, wherein the slope soil is loose and fertile, the drainage is good, and the density of the dalbergia odorifera mother tree is 1000 strains/hm & lt 800- & gt-2(ii) a Then pruning vertical, weak branches and dense paper strips of the dalbergia odorifera to keep a good tree crown structure, so that the canopy density of the forest is kept between 0.5 and 0.6, and a good forest microclimate is formed, so that seeds and updated seedlings can obtain sufficient sunlight and moisture;
step two, performing block soil preparation on the soil part under the dalbergia odorifera mother tree, wherein the land preparation area is 1m multiplied by 1m, deep ploughing is 10cm-15cm, the sowing mode is that dalbergia odorifera seeds freely fall seeds or the dalbergia odorifera seeds are manually collected and sowed to the land preparation place, and the seeds are covered with weeds after falling;
thirdly, after the dalbergia odorifera seeds germinate to form new plants, tending and managing the new plants, removing weeds once in each of 4-5 months and 9-10 months every year, and fertilizing once, wherein the weeds after weeding are reserved and cover the surfaces of the new plants; the specific fertilization method is to dig an annular fertilization ditch at the position of 30-40cm of a mother tree plant and 20cm of a renewed seedling, and 150g of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is placed in each plant, wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer which is sold in the market and contains 15% of N, 15% of P and 15% of K.
Step four, inter-planting the updated nursery stock, wherein the density of the updated nursery stock is kept at 400-600 plants/hm2。
< comparative example 1>
The dalbergia odorifera forest is directly planted without under-forest updating operation.
Examples of the experiments
Detection of soil bacteria and microorganism content of artificially promoted dalbergia odorifera forest
Soil collection:
and (3) when the forest age of the multilayer forest reaches 5 years by using a five-point sampling method, filling 0-40cm of soil of the multi-layer forest in the examples 1, 2, 3 and 1 into a sterile sealing bag, and taking the bag back to a laboratory for storage at 4 ℃ for later use.
Sample analysis and data processing
The determination of the number of the soil microorganisms adopts a dilution coating flat valve, soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes respectively adopt a beef extract peptone culture medium, a PDA culture medium and a Gao's I culture medium, and the bacterial dilution gradient is set to be 105、106、107cfu·g-1Actinomycetes dilution gradient setting 104、105、106cfu·g-1Fungal dilution gradient setup 103、104、105cfu·g-1Setting 3 repetitions every other concentration gradient, and performing data processing and statistical analysis on the data by using Excel2010 and origin 8.05 data analysis software, wherein specific results are shown in a table 1;
TABLE 1
Significant differences (p < 0.05),#is significantly different (p < 0.08);
soil microorganisms are living organisms in soil, the change of the composition and the quantity of the soil microorganisms can reflect the biological activity level of the soil, the formation and the development of the soil can be promoted through the metabolic activity of the soil microorganisms, the physicochemical property of the soil is changed, the conversion of substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like and energy is promoted, and the soil fertility is improved;
as can be seen from the above table, there are differences in the number of the three kinds of microorganisms in the Dalbergia odorifera for artificially promoting natural regeneration of forests, which is expressed by the fact that the number of bacteria is greater than that of actinomycetes, and example 1(64.62 + -4.51 × 10)4cfu·g-1，42.56±2.58×103cfu·g-1，11.45±2.55×103cfu·g-1) Example 2 (60.12. + -. 4.35X 10)4cfu·g-1，43.24±2.34×103cfu·g-1，9.58±2.16×103cfu·g-1) Example 3 (61.54. + -. 6.32X 10)4cfu·g-1，45.36±7.42×103cfu·g-1，9.45±2.44×103cfu·g-1) The number of each strain in (1) was compared with that in comparative example 1 (20.90. + -. 5.38X 10)4cfu·g-1，5.32±8.78×103cfu·g-1，3.33±1.24×103cfu·g-1) Therefore, the rosewood multi-level forest is beneficial to the propagation and growth of soil microorganisms, the conversion of various organic substances in forest soil can be accelerated, the soil microorganism content in examples 1-3 of the rosewood multi-level forest is obviously more than that in the mixed breeding of the single age of rosewood of the comparative example 1, the nutrient required by the rosewood of different ages in the multi-level forest is different from the generated substance, the substances in the soil can be diversified, and the soil activation is facilitated;
second, survival rate of seedlings
After cutting a batch of grown trees, detecting the survival rate of the same number of Dalbergia odorifera seedlings under the condition of no fertilization; the specific data are shown in Table 2;
TABLE 2
Survival percent (number of survived seedlings/number of original seedlings) × 100%
From the above table, it can be seen that the tree age difference between the example 1 and the mature tree is small, the tree age difference between the comparative example 1 and the mature tree is large, and at this time, the under forest of the example 1 has new and updated seedlings, so that the survival rate of the sapling in the example 1 can be ensured, while the sapling in the comparative example 1 has small tree age, low soil fertility and low death rate if the fertilizer is not applied in time, so that the survival rate is low, and the species and soil microorganism diversity under the forest can be ensured by artificially promoting the natural updating of dalbergia odorifera, the soil activity is maintained, the soil fertility is improved, and the long-term economic benefit can be ensured.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A method for artificially promoting the natural renewal of dalbergia odorifera comprises the steps of screening a mother tree, preparing soil, reseeding and reseeding, protecting a young tree and weeding, and is characterized in that the young dalbergia odorifera with the age of more than 8 years is selected for the screened mother tree;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, selecting dalbergia odorifera forest with a slope of 20-25 degrees, a soil pH value of 6-7 and a forest stand canopy density of 0.5-0.6 as a mother forest;
step two, performing block soil preparation and loosening on the soil part under the dalbergia odorifera mother tree, wherein the land preparation area is 1m multiplied by 1m, deep ploughing is 10cm-15cm, and weeds are removed and then aired in the nearby vacant land for later use during land preparation; the sowing mode is that dalbergia odorifera seeds freely fall or are manually collected and sowed to the whole land, and the seeds are covered by the aired weeds after falling;
thirdly, after the dalbergia odorifera seeds sprout to form new plants, tending and managing the new plants, manually weeding once in each of the 4-5 months and 9-10 months every year, and fertilizing once after weeding in the 4-5 months is finished;
step four, inter-planting the updated nursery stock, wherein the density of the updated nursery stock is kept at 400-600 plants/hm2。
2. The method for artificially promoting the natural renewal of dalbergia odorifera as claimed in claim 1, wherein the density of the mother tree of dalbergia odorifera forest in the first step is 800-2。
3. The method for artificially promoting the natural regeneration of dalbergia odorifera as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time for soil preparation and loosening in the second step is 1-2 months before the dalbergia odorifera seeds are ripe and fly away.
4. The method for artificially promoting natural regeneration of dalbergia odorifera as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weeds after weeding in step three are reserved and covered on the soil surface where new plants grow.
5. The method for artificially promoting the natural regeneration of dalbergia odorifera as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific fertilization method in the third step is to dig an annular fertilization ditch 20cm away from the main trunk of the regeneration seedling, and each plant is filled with 100 g of nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer.
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