CN110278822A - A method of peach is cultivated in high altitude localities - Google Patents
A method of peach is cultivated in high altitude localities Download PDFInfo
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- CN110278822A CN110278822A CN201910687321.6A CN201910687321A CN110278822A CN 110278822 A CN110278822 A CN 110278822A CN 201910687321 A CN201910687321 A CN 201910687321A CN 110278822 A CN110278822 A CN 110278822A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The present invention relates to high-quality fresh food peach cultural methods, more particularly in the high-quality fresh food peach cultural method in high altitude localities, including choosing the strong native country stock variety of resistance, seedling is carried out according to a conventional method to cultivate 2-3, and therefrom choose plant height and reach 0.8-1 meters or more, ground diameter transplants seedling as peach up to 1.5-2 centimetres or more of healthy and strong plant；Again with spacing in the rows for 1 meter, line-spacing is transplanted the high altitude localities plantation at 3000 meters of height above sea level or more for 4 meters of planting density.High yield, excellent production, specialty are realized by rational close planting using the advantageous natural environment superiority in Tibet high altitude localities and advantage in geography.And by wrong season supply, the market neutral gear phase is compensated for, fresh fruit price is high.Remarkable in economical benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical fields, and in particular to a method of peach is cultivated in high altitude localities.
Background technique
Peach (Amygdalus persica L.), rosaceae, peach family plant seed.It originates in from China, artificial cultivation history is existing
More than 3000 years, have the characteristics that Yi Chenghua, result morning, high and stable yield, income are high.
China's national territorial area greatly belongs to high altitude localities.The sunshine time of high altitude localities is more, day and night temperature
Greatly, Luminous energy resource is abundant.Currently, the fruit occupancy volume per person of high altitude localities is far below average national level.With High aititude
Regional people's living standard significantly improves, and consumption idea constantly changes, and green and healthy and fresh fruit has been dissolved into people's
In daily life, the market demand of green peach is increasing, and market potential is huge.
However, especially 3000 meters or more the high altitude localities soil textures are poor due to high altitude localities.It is in the urgent need to address
In the high altitude localities effectively high-quality peach of artificial cultivation and the problem of obtain good economic benefits.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the object of the present invention is to provide one kind carries out high-quality fresh food peach in high altitude localities
Green cultural method.
The present invention is achieved in the following ways:
A method of peach being cultivated in high altitude localities, the described method comprises the following steps:
(1) Peach cultivars to succeed in Tibet region experimental planting are selected, the seedling of the Peach cultivars is routinely square
Method carries out cultivating growth 2-3, alternately peach seedling；
(2) preferably 1 meter or more of 0.8 meter of plant height of selection or more from the alternative peach seedling, 1.5-2 centimetres of ground diameter or more,
Select that robust growth, the abundant lignifying of branch, well developed root system, terminal bud be full, seedlings of no disease and pests harm and mechanical damage；
(3) in high altitude localities, by plant planned time, method for planting with high planting density by peach described in step (2)
Seedling carries out transplanting plantation.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the high altitude localities refers to 3000 meters of height above sea level or more of area,
Such as 3000 meters of height above sea level or more, it is more than 3200 m Above Sea-level, 3400 meters of height above sea level or more, 3600 meters of height above sea level or more or more High aititude
Area, but it is usually no more than 4200 meters of height above sea level.
In other embodiments of the invention, the high altitude localities includes low latitudes, mid latitudes
With the Altitude Regions of high latitude, wherein the high sea in the high altitude localities of preferably low latitudes and middle latitude, particularly preferably low latitudes
It rises sheer from level ground area.
In the present invention, plant planned time described in step (3) refers to carries out before spring is planted in peach rudiment；Plant side
Method refers to " three bury two step on one mention seedling " and " plant circle ".
Further, described " three bury two step on one mention seedling " refers to that the first step pulverizes soil, smooth, be equably embedded in cave；
Nursery stock is put into the center righting in cave by second step, is unable to nest root, is then earthed up, when half is arrived in ridging, slightly upwards by sapling
It mentions, unfolds root system in soil, and the soil buried is treaded；Finally remaining soil is embedded to, a direct-burried is put down to ground
Together, it is treaded for the second time；" plant circle " refers to and erects about 1 meter of diameter of field planting circle in peach seedling surrounding, seals after pouring planting water
Soil, covering film soil moisture conservation.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the high planting density refers to 1-4 meters of spacing in the rows, 1-4 meters of line-spacing.Such as:
Spacing in the rows is 1 meter, and line-spacing is 4 meters；Spacing in the rows is 2 meters, and line-spacing is 4 meters；Spacing in the rows is 3 meters, and line-spacing is 4 meters；Spacing in the rows is 4 meters, line-spacing 4
Rice, preferably 2 meters of spacing in the rows, 4 meters of line-spacing；More preferably 1 meter of spacing in the rows, 4 meters of line-spacing.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the Peach cultivars are selected from the spring is gorgeous, the spring is beautiful, No. 2 not ended, Sha Hong.In this hair
In bright certain preferred embodiments, the Peach cultivars are that the spring is gorgeous.
In some embodiments of the present invention, start the Peach cultivars seedling cultivated and be selected from seedling, cuttage seeding, group
Train one of seedling.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the peach seedling stock in step (1) is smooth pit peach.
Further, further include the steps that fertilizing management after step (3) transplanting plantation.
In the present invention, fertilizer urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium sulfate mixed fertilizer are applied.
It in some embodiments of the present invention, is 4:1:1 in application peach rudiment early period fertilizer proportions, in the stone phase
Application fertilizer proportions are 4:3:1, and mushrooming out phase application fertilizer proportions in fruit is 1:2:4.
In some embodiments of the present invention, it applies fertilizer 3-5 times in each growth period.
In some embodiments of the present invention, concentration of applying fertilizer before rudiment is 2/1000ths, and stone phase and fruit are given birth to rapidly
Long-term fertilization concentration is 3/1000ths.
Beneficial effects of the present invention
Cultural method according to the invention, which is realized, plants economy, society and the ecology of high-quality fresh food peach in high altitude localities
Benefit, and have the advantages that
1. high altitude localities is air-dried, sunshine is sufficient, day and night temperature is big, nutritious substances accumulation is high, the peach tool of production
There is the features such as fruit is big, color is gorgeous, with rich flavor, soluble solid content is high, storage tolerance transport.It is high-quality, high-grade, high to develop
Valence, the high-quality fresh food peach in Tibet that ecological, environmental protective is target.
2. cultural method of the invention not only efficiently solves the adverse effect that high altitude localities adverse circumstances plant peach,
And changing disadvantage is benefit, realizes excellent production, improves ecological environment.Meanwhile relatively interior ground evening 1-2 month in Tibet peach maturity period, it can be wrong
Season supply, newcoming advantage and has a high potential.
3. high altitude localities sunshine is sufficient, it is air-dried, pollutes small, by rational close planting, planting the second annual output can be with
It is horizontal more than middle low altitude area and quality is secure, planting benefit has been effectively ensured.
4. the present invention macerates the production-goods again such as heap stalk using the sheep dung of high altitude localities, yak+sheep bone meal, highland barley, wheat
Source carries out soil organism supplement, and adaptation to local conditions is gathered materials on the spot, and the skill of chemical fertilizer and chicken manure must be used by overcoming tradition plantation peach
Art bottleneck, reduces costs, and realizes sustainable development.
Specific embodiment
It should be understood that method disclosed herein different application can change according to the specific requirements of this field.It should be understood that this
The term that text uses is limited just for the sake of description specific embodiments of the present invention without being intended to.
The present invention provides the green cultural methods of the high-quality fresh food peach in high altitude localities, and the method includes first cultivating peach kind
Seedling, then peach kind transplantation of seedlings is planted in high altitude localities, until harvest.
Middle-high altitude area of the present invention refers to 3000 meters of height above sea level or more of area, such as 3000 meters of height above sea level or more, height above sea level
The area of 3200 meters or more, 3400 meters of height above sea level or more, 3600 meters of height above sea level or more or more High aititude, but it is usually no more than height above sea level
4200 meters.
In the present invention, the high altitude localities includes the Altitude Regions of low latitudes, mid latitudes and high latitude,
It is wherein preferably the high altitude localities of low latitudes and middle latitude, particularly preferably low latitudes high altitude localities.
Peach cultivars for cultivating seedling in the present invention can be any kind with commercial market plantation value.Example
Such as, but it is not limited to that the spring is gorgeous, the spring is beautiful, No. 2 not ended, 4 high-quality Peach cultivars of Sha Hong.The Peach cultivars that can be used are preferably cold tolerance
Strong Peach cultivars, such as spring are gorgeous.
The Peach cultivars seedling for starting to be cultivated can be any form of seedling, cuttage seeding, tissue-cultured seedling, the present invention
It is not limited in this respect.
The seedling of Peach cultivars conventionally carries out cultivation growth, can reach plant height by the cultivation growth of 2-3 and reach
0.8-1 meters or more, 1.5-2 centimetres of ground diameter, select full robust growth, well developed root system, terminal bud, no disease and pests harm and mechanical damage
Healthy and strong plant is as peach seedling；
The cultivation time before transplanting can be 2-3, such as 2 years or 3 years, and preferably 3 years.
High altitude localities peach is planted on the basis of conventional method, according to the weather conditions of high altitude localities, on the spot item
Part has and is especially improved place, is described in detail as follows.
Transplanting seedling needs to choose the severe ring that healthy and strong seedling is air-dried to be subjected to high altitude localities, wind is big, cold
Border, plant height reach 0.8-1 meter or more, 1.5-2 centimetres of ground diameter, selection robust growth, well developed root system, terminal bud be full, no disease and pests harm and
The raw healthy and strong plant of the 2-3 of mechanical damage is as peach seedling.The time of peach seedling transplanting is early March to early April.
Implantation methods are to dig big cave field planting, and the size of planting pit is 0.8 meter of length, and width is 0.8 meter, a height of 0.8 meter.
In high altitude localities, due to being air-dried, the plantation that sunshine is sufficient, wind-force is big, traditional relative to low altitude area
For region, it can be planted with higher planting density, such as: spacing in the rows is 1 meter, and line-spacing is 4 meters；Spacing in the rows is 2 meters, line-spacing
It is 4 meters；Spacing in the rows is 3 meters, and line-spacing is 4 meters；Spacing in the rows is 4 meters, and line-spacing is 4 meters, preferably 2 meters of spacing in the rows, 4 meters of line-spacing；More preferably
1 meter of spacing in the rows, 4 meters of line-spacing.
According to the growth characteristic of peach, it should also be noted that fertilizer and water management, 3 top dressings are carried out every year in the present invention.(March before rudiment
The middle ten days and the last ten days) urea: Diammonium phosphate (DAP): potassium sulfate ratio is 4:1:1, stone phase (mid-May) urea: Diammonium phosphate (DAP): potassium sulfate ratio
Example is 4:3:1, and fruit mushrooms out phase (mid-July mid-June -) urea: Diammonium phosphate (DAP): potassium sulfate ratio is 1:2:4.
In high altitude localities, due to being air-dried, wind-force is big, and evaporation for the growth of peach robust plant, can also make rapidly
With such as, but not limited to mulch, gardening cloth, comfort the other mulching plants planting frame, inter-row green covering and high altitude localities and being easy to get
The covering material of field soil, to play the role of soil heat preservation, moisturizing and management of weeds.Young garden selects rye grass.
Butch clover and annual bluegrass miscegenation are selected at age orchard
High altitude localities pest and disease damage is less, but appoint there are oriental fruit months, pink neck longicorn etc. endanger peach dry, branch,
The pest and disease damage of fruit etc., to peach growth adversely affect, cause the underproduction or destroy peach garden, for this so need to carry out it is necessary
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.The plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, anti-overweight is controlled " is implemented comprehensively.It can be using including but not limited to blackout photo-induction
It kills, winter or early spring trunk rossing, trunk aggregate measures such as agent, iron wire trapping of coating lime are prevented and treated.
In peach growth period, pruning should be also carried out, in favor of the growth of peach robust plant, is preferably yielded positive results.Into
The time of row pruning, there is no particular limitation, can be trimmed in time according to actual needs.According to high altitude localities, peach
The characteristics of growth, is about trimmed twice every year in the cultural method that cannot be invented, and trimming is in (June in growth period for the first time
The middle ten days to early July) mainly do a good job of it three dredge, i.e., " flower thinning flower bud, flower thinning piece, fruit thinning ".Flower and fruit thinning is completed in 1 month: inflorescence point
From latter 1 week beginning flower thinning, 20-25 centimetres is stayed 1 locusta, only stays middle disc flower and 1 side flower to the inflorescence retained, remaining
It all dredges and goes.10 days beginning fruit thinnings of Post flowering, stay 1 fruit by 20-25 cm distance, large-scale fruit stays 1 by 25 centimetres, small-sized fruit
One is stayed by 20 centimetres, strong branch suitably more to be stayed, and weak branch stays less, and interior thorax stays more, and periphery is stayed less or do not stayed, and selects fruit shape when staying fruit
Rectify, based on middle long fruit branch and the downward fruit of carpopodium, removal fruit shape not just, wormed fruit and tip of a branch fruit.Second of trimming is in dormant period
(late October to early November) carries out, and trims invalid branch, overstocked branch and small and weak branch.
Cultural method according to the invention, which is realized, plants economy, society and the ecology of high-quality fresh food peach in high altitude localities
Benefit, and have the advantages that
1. high altitude localities is air-dried, sunshine is sufficient, day and night temperature is big, nutritious substances accumulation is high, the peach tool of production
There is the features such as fruit is big, color is gorgeous, with rich flavor, soluble solid content is high, storage tolerance transport.It is high-quality, high-grade, high to develop
Valence, the high-quality fresh food peach in Tibet that ecological, environmental protective is target.
2. cultural method of the invention not only efficiently solves the adverse effect that high altitude localities adverse circumstances plant peach,
And changing disadvantage is benefit, realizes excellent production, improves ecological environment.Meanwhile relatively interior ground evening 1-2 month in Tibet peach maturity period, it can be wrong
Season supply, newcoming advantage and has a high potential.
3. high altitude localities sunshine is sufficient, it is air-dried, pollutes small, by rational close planting, planting the second annual output can be with
It is horizontal more than middle low altitude area and quality is secure, planting benefit has been effectively ensured.
4. the present invention macerates the production-goods again such as heap stalk using the sheep dung of high altitude localities, yak+sheep bone meal, highland barley, wheat
Source carries out soil organism supplement, and adaptation to local conditions is gathered materials on the spot, and the skill of chemical fertilizer and chicken manure must be used by overcoming tradition plantation peach
Art bottleneck, reduces costs, and realizes sustainable development.
In order to which the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention is more clearly understood, below in conjunction with
Embodiment, the present invention will be described in further detail.
Embodiment
Following example is used herein to demonstration the preferred embodiments of the invention.Those skilled in the art, it will be appreciated that under
State the technology disclosed in example represent inventor discovery can be used for implementing technology of the invention, therefore can be considered as implementation this
The preferred embodiment of invention.But those skilled in the art should be understood that specific reality disclosed herein according to this specification
Many modifications can be made by applying example, still can be obtained identical or similar as a result, rather than away from the spirit or scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise defined, the term of all technologies as used herein and science, and the technology in fields of the present invention
Personnel institute is normally understood equivalent in meaning, and being disclosed reference and their materials of reference will all be incorporated.
Those skilled in the art will recognize or just will appreciate that by routine test many described here
Invention specific embodiment many equivalent technologies.These will equally be comprised in claims.
Experimental method in following embodiments is unless otherwise specified conventional method.Instrument as used in the following examples
Device equipment is unless otherwise specified laboratory routine instrument device；Test material as used in the following examples, such as without spy
Different explanation, is to be commercially available from routine biochemistry reagent shop.
Embodiment plants spring gorgeous kind peach in high altitude localities
High altitude localities is Lhasa, has carried out the cultivating and growing of spring gorgeous kind peach, specific as follows:
1. seedling fostering about 3650 meters of height above sea level, is conventionally trained spring gorgeous kind peach seedling in Lhasa
It educates, cultivates the time at least 2 years；
2. choosing healthy and strong plant, plant height is chosen from cultivation 2 years or more spring gorgeous kinds and reaches 0.8-1 meters or more, ground diameter
1.5-2 centimetres, select the healthy and strong plant of full robust growth, well developed root system, terminal bud, no disease and pests harm and mechanical damage as peach kind
Seedling.
3. the preparation before transplanting, in Lhasa, about 3650 meters of height above sea level, the first two months, in selected plantation field
Using sheep dung, yak+lamb bone meal, highland barley+wheat stalk compost, compost is ploughed under in soil with root rotary machine, and broad irrigation kind
Field is planted, so that water penetration depth of soil is up to 80 centimetres or more.After two months, hole pressing is 0.8 meter long, 0.8 meter, 0.8 meter deep, spacing in the rows
1 meter, 4 meters of digging caves of line-spacing.
4. transplanting plantation, in late March, by the spring selected gorgeous healthy and strong seedling by away from 1 meter, 4 meters of transplant plantings of line-spacing and cave
Middle position, about 167 plants/acre of planting density.
5. soil covers, after transplant planting, with degradable gardening cloth or black non-textile mulch, capable pre- between row
Stay the herbages such as 2 meters of green manuring, forage grass.
6. moisture management sprinkles profoundly water immediately after transplant planting, every 10-15 days peach disk soil moisture, guarantee that peach is planted
Demand of the strain growth to moisture.Before rudiment, Post flowering, stone period, fruit mushroom out the phase and soil freeze before pour water 3-5
It is secondary.It to be especially watered with water before rudiment, makes to seep depth under irrigation water up to 60 centimetres or so.The stone phase to moisture-sensitive, keeps soil
Earth is wet.Fruit mushrooms out the phase depending on rain fall, and drought and water shortage can light irrigation in 2-3 weeks 1 time before adopting.
7. pruning is trimmed twice every year.Trimming is main in growth period (mid-June to early July) for the first time
It does a good job of it three to dredge, i.e., " flower thinning flower bud, flower thinning piece, fruit thinning ".Flower and fruit thinning is completed in 1 month: 1 week beginning flower thinning after inflorescence separation, 20-
25 centimetres are stayed 1 locusta, only stay middle disc flower and 1 side flower to the inflorescence retained, remaining is all dredged and goes.Post flowering 10 days
Start fruit thinning, stay 1 fruit by 20-25 cm distance, large-scale fruit stays 1 by 25 centimetres, and small-sized fruit stays one by 20 centimetres, strong
Branch is appropriate to be stayed more, and weak branch stays less, and interior thorax stays more, and periphery is stayed less or do not stayed, and selection fruit shape is rectified when staying fruit, middle long fruit branch and carpopodium
Based on downward fruit, removal fruit shape not just, wormed fruit and tip of a branch fruit.Second of trimming is in dormant period (late October to early November)
It carries out, trims invalid branch, overstocked branch and small and weak branch.
8. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, using scraping bark, manual removal larva worm spore, the sweet and sour tank of suspension, solar insect-killing light, trunk
It smears the green methods such as lime emulsion and prevents and kill off pest and disease damage.
9. planting according to the method described above.Peach enters first fruiting period after 2 years, and fructescence is 8 to October.
It is planted according to above-described embodiment method, the results are shown in Table 1.It is computed, carries out peach plantation, peach according to above step
Seedling stage cultivates, and management and cost of land are about 15000 yuan/mu, and annual output is about 2500 kgs/acre, and procurement price is about 50 yuan/public affairs
Jin, the output value is about 62500 yuan/mu.
1 kind of plant result of table
As it can be seen from table 1 realizing higher yield by rational close planting in high altitude localities plantation peach, and pass through
High-end market neutral gear, fresh fruit price are high, bring higher economic, society and ecological benefits.
All references mentioned in the present invention is incorporated herein by reference, independent just as each document
It is incorporated as with reference to such.In addition, it should also be understood that, after reading the above teachings of the present invention, those skilled in the art can
To make various changes or modifications to the present invention, such equivalent forms equally fall within model defined by the application the appended claims
It encloses.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method in high altitude localities cultivation peach, which is characterized in that the described method comprises the following steps:
(1) Peach cultivars to succeed in Tibet experimental planting are selected, the seedling of the Peach cultivars is trained according to a conventional method
Growth 2-3 is educated, alternately peach seedling；
(2) 0.8 meter of plant height or more is chosen from the alternative peach seedling, 1.5-2 centimetres of ground diameter or more, selects robust growth, branch
The abundant lignifying of the tip, well developed root system, terminal bud be full, no disease and pests harm and mechanical damage seedlings；
(3) in high altitude localities, by plant planned time, method for planting with high planting density by peach seedling described in step (2)
Carry out transplanting plantation.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the high altitude localities refers to height above sea level in mean sea level 3000
Meter or more area.
3. method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the mean sea level of the high altitude localities is no more than 4200 meters.
4. method a method according to any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that the plant planned time refers to that spring is planted in peach
It is carried out before rudiment；Method for planting refers to " three bury two step on one mention seedling " and " plant circle "；High planting density refers to 1 meter of spacing in the rows, line-spacing 4
Rice.
5. method a method according to any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that the Peach cultivars be selected from the spring is gorgeous, the spring is beautiful, it is No. 2 not ended,
Sha Hong.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the peach seedling stock in step (1) is to be distributed widely in Tibet
The smooth pit peach of each department, smooth pit peach seed require the seed using current year or the previous year acquisition, and seed is full, without empty grain, sowing
Preceding carry out Sand culture.
7. method a method according to any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that further comprise fertilising after step (3) transplanting plantation
The step of management.
8. method for planting as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that " three bury two step on one mention seedling " refers to that the first step will be native
Pulverize, it is smooth, equably be embedded to cave in；Nursery stock is put into the center righting in cave by second step, is unable to nest root, is then earthed up, and is being trained
When soil arrives half, sapling is mentioned slightly upwards, unfolds root system in soil, and the soil buried is treaded；To finally it be left
Soil embedment, a direct-burried treaded for the second time to concordant with ground；" plant circle " refers to and erects diameter about 1 in peach seedling surrounding
The field planting circle of rice pours grave mound after planting water, covering film soil moisture conservation.
9. the method for claim 7, which is characterized in that application fertilizer urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium sulfate mixed fertilizer,
Applying fertilizer proportions peach rudiment early period is 4:1:1, and in the application of stone phase, fertilizer proportions are 4:3:1, rapid in fruit
It is 1:2:4 that growth period, which applies fertilizer proportions, it is preferable that is applied fertilizer 3-5 times in each growth period.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that, concentration of applying fertilizer before rudiment is 2/1000ths, stone phase and fruit
Mushrooming out phase fertilising concentration in fact is 3/1000ths.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110800534A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-18 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | Hickory branch tip culture method suitable for southern areas |
| CN110915538A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-27 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所 | Method for culturing walnut seedlings in open field container |
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