CN112425476A - Mangrove plant seedling raising substrate and seedling raising method - Google Patents
Mangrove plant seedling raising substrate and seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112425476A CN112425476A CN202011244629.2A CN202011244629A CN112425476A CN 112425476 A CN112425476 A CN 112425476A CN 202011244629 A CN202011244629 A CN 202011244629A CN 112425476 A CN112425476 A CN 112425476A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mangrove plant seedling culture, in particular to a mangrove plant seedling culture substrate and a mangrove plant seedling culture method. The matrix comprises: beach sludge, sea sand, tree branch fertilizer, chicken manure and AM microbial inoculum, wherein the beach sludge is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: sea sand: fertilizing the branches: chicken manure: the volume ratio of the AM microbial inoculum is as follows: 50-80: 10-40: 5-30: 5-15: 1-10. According to the invention, the branch fertilizer is added into the matrix, so that the matrix is loose and porous, and the development of the root system of the mangrove plant is facilitated, in addition, the branch fertilizer is used as a long-term fertilizer for supplying the mangrove plant with the fertilizer for a long time, and compared with the branch fertilizer, the chicken manure is used as a short-term fertilizer for supplying the mangrove plant with the fertilizer for a previous period, and the chicken manure and the branch fertilizer supply the fertilizer to form complementation, so that the nutrients are provided for the growth of the mangrove plant. The follow-up frequent fertilization is reduced, and the investment and the cost of manual management are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mangrove plant seedling culture, in particular to a mangrove plant seedling culture substrate and a mangrove plant seedling culture method.
Background
The mangrove forest ecosystem is an important ecological key area of the coast, has multiple functions of wind prevention, wave elimination, bank protection, silt promotion, land making, pollution purification, ecological balance maintenance and the like, is an important habitat of waterfowls, and is also a place for the growth and propagation of fishes, shrimps, crabs and shellfish. Mangrove ecosystem suffers from serious damage due to the development of the coastal zone economic industry. The protection and recovery of mangrove ecosystem have been highly valued by scholars and government leaders.
Mangrove afforestation is the most direct and effective method for restoring the ecosystem of mangrove. The seedling supply commonly adopted for mangrove afforestation is a nutrition bag seedling, and the afforestation condition is very slightly harsh, so the afforestation survival rate is low, and the recovery effect of the mangrove forest ecosystem is poor. Therefore, the demand of cultivating high-quality nursery stocks for afforestation is a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present. In order to enhance the stress resistance of mangrove plants and improve the survival rate of afforestation, the seedling raising technology of mangrove plants needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing mangrove plant seedling raising technology and provide a mangrove plant seedling raising substrate and a seedling raising method for cultivating a strong root system.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a mangrove plant seedling raising substrate comprises: beach sludge, sea sand, tree branch fertilizer, chicken manure and AM microbial inoculum, wherein the beach sludge is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: sea sand: fertilizing the branches: chicken manure: the volume ratio of the AM microbial inoculum is as follows: 50-80: 10-40: 5-30: 5-15: 1-10.
Specifically, beach sludge: sea sand: fertilizing the branches: chicken manure: the volume ratio of the AM microbial inoculum is 50: 10: 5: 5: 1.
specifically, beach sludge: sea sand: fertilizing the branches: chicken manure: the volume ratio of the AM microbial inoculum is 68: 25: 15: 10: 5.
specifically, beach sludge: sea sand: fertilizing the branches: chicken manure: the volume ratio of the AM microbial inoculum is 80: 40: 30: 15: 10.
specifically, the AM microbial inoculum is Gliocladium moxidense.
The branch fertilizer is a fine granular fertilizer prepared by composting, fermenting and grinding dry branches and fallen leaves.
A seedling raising method adopting a mangrove plant seedling raising matrix comprises the following steps:
1) selecting full and excellent mangrove seeds, and soaking the mangrove seeds in clear water for 2-7 days for accelerating germination;
2) after the radicle of the seed starts to sprout, the seed is planted into a seedling raising bag filled with a mangrove seedling raising substrate;
3) the planted mangrove bag seedling bag is vertically placed in a water-containing tray pot, and saline water with the salinity of 10-15% prepared by sea salt is filled in the tray pot;
4) the calcium superphosphate solution was added to the saline solution every two months to replenish the phosphate fertilizer.
Specifically, the specification of the seedling raising bag is 9cm multiplied by 12 cm.
Specifically, the water level height of the saline water is 1/2 of the height of the soil ball of the mangrove bag.
Specifically, the seedling raising bag is a degradable breathable and water-permeable non-woven fabric nutrition bag.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the branch fertilizer is added into the matrix, so that the matrix is loose and porous, the development of the root system of the mangrove plant is facilitated, in addition, the branch fertilizer is used as a long-term fertilizer for supplying the fertilizer for the mangrove plant for a long time, the chicken manure is used as a short-term fertilizer for the early-stage fertilizer application for the mangrove plant, the chicken manure and the branch fertilizer supply effects are complementary, the nutrients are provided for the growth of the mangrove plant, the survival rate of afforestation is improved, the subsequent frequent fertilizer application is reduced, the investment and the cost of manual management are reduced, the infection rate of the root of the mangrove plant is improved by adding the AM microbial inoculum, the plant growth is accelerated.
(2) According to the invention, the Sphaerotheca mossamensis is adopted as the AM microbial inoculum, so that compared with other AM microbial inoculants, the Sphaerotheca mossamensis has higher infection rate on root systems, the nutrient absorption of plant root systems is promoted, the plant growth is accelerated, the plant stress resistance is enhanced, the harsh environment of mangrove forestation is resisted, and the forestation survival rate is provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the incubation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, a mangrove plant seedling substrate comprises: beach sludge, sea sand, tree branch fertilizer, chicken manure and AM microbial inoculum, wherein the beach sludge is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: sea sand: fertilizing the branches: chicken manure: the volume ratio of the AM microbial inoculum is as follows: 50-80: 10-40: 5-30: 5-15: 1-10. The branch fertilizer is a fine granular fertilizer prepared by composting, fermenting and grinding dry branches and fallen leaves, and has the characteristics of looseness, water retention, light weight, nutrition supply for plants and the like. The branch fertilizer is used as a long-term fertilizer to supply fertilizer for the mangrove plant 1 for a long time, can slowly release nutrients and continuously supply the nutrients for the mangrove plant 1, and compared with the branch fertilizer, the branch fertilizer adopts chicken manure as a short-term fertilizer to perform early-stage fertilization for the mangrove plant 1, and the chicken manure and the branch fertilizer supply fertilizer function are complementary. The follow-up frequent fertilization is reduced, and the investment and the cost of manual management are reduced. By adding the branch fertilizer into the matrix, the matrix is loose and porous, the development of 1 mangrove plant root system is facilitated, the branches and the chicken manure are common raw materials on the market, the acquisition mode is wide, and the raw materials are more. The branches of the cut trees in the municipal garden greening are recycled, so that the environment is protected, and the chicken manure is recovered by manure of a chicken farm. The beach sludge is very sticky in texture and very small in porosity, and the porosity of the substrate 2 is improved by combining fine-particle sea sand with coarse-particle tree branch fertilizer, so that oxygen is provided for the respiration of plant roots. In addition, the beach sludge and the branch fertilizer have the functions of water storage and water retention. The AM microbial inoculum is used for infecting the root system of the mangrove plant 1, dyeing the root system of the plant to form a mutualistic symbiotic relationship, enhancing the nutrient absorption capacity of the plant and improving the resistance of the plant.
Specifically, beach sludge: sea sand: fertilizing the branches: chicken manure: the volume ratio of the AM microbial inoculum is 50: 10: 5: 5: 1.
specifically, beach sludge: sea sand: fertilizing the branches: chicken manure: the volume ratio of the AM microbial inoculum is 68: 25: 15: 10: 5.
specifically, beach sludge: sea sand: fertilizing the branches: chicken manure: the volume ratio of the AM microbial inoculum is 80: 40: 30: 15: 10.
specifically, the AM microbial inoculum is Gliocladium moxidense. According to the research, the Moses sacculus mildew has higher infection rate on the root system of the mangrove plant 1, has better effect of promoting the growth of the plant and is relatively easy to purchase. Is convenient for large-scale popularization.
The branch fertilizer is a fine granular fertilizer prepared by composting, fermenting and grinding dry branches and fallen leaves.
The substrate 2 is matched with a proper seedling raising method for cultivation, so that the mangrove plant 1 can achieve the best cultivation effect.
Therefore, the invention also provides a seedling raising method adopting the seedling raising substrate 2 for the mangrove plant 1, which comprises the following steps:
1) selecting full and excellent mangrove seeds, and soaking the mangrove seeds in clear water for 2-7 days for accelerating germination; the soaking days depend on the species of the mangrove plant 1, the mangrove plant needs to be soaked until the radicle of the seed begins to sprout,
2) after the radicle of the seed starts to sprout, the seed is planted into a seedling raising bag filled with a mangrove seedling raising substrate 2; the seedling raising bag is a degradable breathable and water-permeable non-woven fabric nutrition bag, can be absorbed by plants after degradation, and cannot cause environmental pollution. The specification of the seedling raising bag is 9cm multiplied by 12 cm;
3) the planted mangrove bag seedling bag 3 is vertically placed in a water-containing tray pot 4, salt water 5 with the salinity of 10-15% prepared by sea salt is filled in the tray pot 4, and the water level height of the salt water 5 is 1/2 of the height of the soil ball of the mangrove bag seedling. Not only meets the requirement of the plant root system on oxygen, but also ensures flooding. The 10-15% concentration salt water 5 is used for soaking and seedling raising, so that the original growth environment of mangroves is simulated, the salt tolerance of plants is trained, and the adaptability of mangrove seedlings to seawater in actual forestation is ensured. Different concentrations of the saline water 5 are prepared according to different kinds of mangrove plants 1.
4) Adding a proper amount of calcium superphosphate solution into the saline 5 solution every two months to supplement phosphate fertilizer. Preferably, the mass concentration of the calcium superphosphate aqueous solution is 2 percent; the calcium superphosphate is used for supplementing phosphate fertilizer, and because the branch fertilizer is lack of phosphate fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer in the mangrove plant 1 is supplemented by supplementing the calcium superphosphate water solution, so that the mangrove plant 1 can grow healthily.
The seedling raising method is used for raising seedlings on a greenhouse seedbed, the site selection of the nursery is flexible, the proper growth temperature of the mangrove seedlings can be ensured, the survival rate of the seedlings can be improved, and the harm of diseases and insects can be reduced. The preferable seedling raising temperature is not lower than 15 ℃. When the temperature is lower than 10 ℃, the mangrove plant 1 can be frozen and even die. Therefore, the temperature of the mangrove plant 1 needs to be strictly controlled.
The specific implementation process of the invention is as follows:
the cultivation method group comprises: acanthus ilicifolius of 1 year of seedling age is adopted as a test plant, the mangrove plant 1 seedling raising method of the invention is adopted for cultivation,
1) selecting plump and excellent acanthus ilicifolius seeds, and soaking in clear water for 7 days for accelerating germination;
2) after the radicle of the seed starts to sprout, the seed is planted into a seedling raising bag filled with a substrate 2;
3) the planted mangrove bag seedling bag 3 is vertically placed in a water-containing tray pot 4, salt water 5 with the salinity of 15 percent prepared by sea salt is filled in the tray pot 4, and the water level height of the salt water 5 is 1/2 of the height of the soil ball of the mangrove bag seedling;
4) adding a proper amount of calcium superphosphate solution into the saline 5 solution every two months to supplement phosphate fertilizer. Preferably, the mass concentration of the calcium superphosphate aqueous solution is 2 percent,
after 10 months, the survival rate, seedling height, ground diameter, total biomass and net photosynthetic rate of the plants are detected.
Example 1: beach sludge in the formula of matrix 2: sea sand: fertilizing the branches: chicken manure: the volume ratio of the AM microbial inoculum is 50: 10: 5: 5:1, adopting Moses sacculus mildew as AM microbial inoculum.
Example 2: beach sludge in the formula of matrix 2: sea sand: fertilizing the branches: chicken manure: the volume ratio of the AM microbial inoculum is 60: 20: 10: 8: 2, adopting Moses sacculus mildew as AM microbial inoculum.
Example 3: beach sludge in the formula of matrix 2: sea sand: fertilizing the branches: chicken manure: the volume ratio of the AM microbial inoculum is 75: 30: 20: 15: 5, adopting Moses sacculus mildew as AM microbial inoculum.
Comparative example 1: the formula of the substrate 2 completely adopts sea mud.
Comparative example 2: laterite is adopted in the formula of the substrate 2: the volume ratio of the sand to the soil is 1: 1.
examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were all grown by the method in the growth method group,
the growth results of the Acanthus ilicifolius are shown in the following table:
table 1: table of growth conditions of Acanthus ilicifolius in different substrates 2.
As can be seen from Table 1, the use of the substrate 2 in the present invention provides a significant contribution to the growth of the mangrove plant 1 compared to the use of the conventional substrate 2, in view of the porosity of the substrate 2, the survival rate of the nursery stock, the height of the seedling, the ground diameter, the total biomass and the net photosynthetic efficiency.
In addition, in order to further study the effect of saccaromyces morcheli on the growth of mangrove plant 1 compared to other AM agents, the following AM inoculation experiments were also performed, using the methods in the cultivation method group and using substrate 2 in example 2:
the test mangrove seedling: acanthus ilicifolius and avicennia marina.
AMF inoculum for the assay: mosisis sacculus mould, intraradicular sacculus mould, young sacculus mould.
Example 4: acanthus ilicifolius is adopted as a test mangrove plant 1, and glomus mosseae is inoculated.
Example 5: acanthus ilicifolius is adopted as a test mangrove plant 1, and the glomus intraradices is inoculated.
Example 6: acanthus ilicifolius is adopted as a test mangrove plant 1, and young glomus terselius is inoculated.
Comparative example 3: acanthus ilicifolius is adopted as a mangrove plant 1, and an AM microbial inoculum is not inoculated.
The experimental results of examples 4 to 6 and comparative example 3 are shown in table 2:
table 2: and (3) inoculating different AM microbial inoculum test results to the acanthus ilicifolius.
Example 7: avicennia marina was used as the test mangrove plant 1, and Sphaerotheca mossambica was inoculated. Example 8: avicennia marina was used as the test mangrove plant 1, and the endophytic cyst mold was inoculated. Example 9: avicennia marina was used as the test mangrove plant 1, and the young sacculus gloeosporioides was inoculated. Comparative example 4: avicennia marina is used as a test mangrove plant 1, and an AM microbial inoculum is not inoculated. The experimental results of examples 7 to 9 and comparative example 4 are shown in Table 3:
table 3: and inoculating different AM microbial agents into the avicennia marina to obtain test results.
As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, the growth height, the ground length, the biomass weight and the photosynthetic efficiency of the mangrove plant 1 are significantly improved by the AM microbial inoculum compared with those without the AM microbial inoculum, and sacculus morganii is more excellent in growth height, ground length, biomass weight and photosynthetic efficiency than other AM microbial inocula in the mangrove plant 1, so that sacculus morganii has a significant assisting effect on the growth of the mangrove plant 1 compared with other AM microbial inocula.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A mangrove plant seedling raising substrate is characterized in that the substrate comprises: beach sludge, sea sand, tree branch fertilizer, chicken manure and AM microbial inoculum, wherein the beach sludge is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: sea sand: fertilizing the branches: chicken manure: the volume ratio of the AM microbial inoculum is as follows: 50-80: 10-40: 5-30: 5-15: 1-10.
2. The mangrove plant seedling raising substrate of claim 1, wherein the ratio of beach sludge: sea sand: fertilizing the branches: chicken manure: the volume ratio of the AM microbial inoculum is 50: 10: 5: 5: 1.
3. the mangrove plant seedling raising substrate of claim 1, wherein the ratio of beach sludge: sea sand: fertilizing the branches: chicken manure: the volume ratio of the AM microbial inoculum is 68: 25: 15: 10: 5.
4. the mangrove plant seedling raising substrate of claim 1, wherein the ratio of beach sludge: sea sand: fertilizing the branches: chicken manure: the volume ratio of the AM microbial inoculum is 80: 40: 30: 15: 10.
5. a mangrove plant seedling substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the AM agent is Gliocladium moxidense.
6. A mangrove plant seedling raising substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the branch fertilizer is a fine granular fertilizer obtained by composting, fermenting and grinding dead branches and fallen leaves.
7. A seedling raising method adopting a mangrove plant seedling raising matrix is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting full and excellent mangrove seeds, and soaking the mangrove seeds in clear water for 2-7 days for accelerating germination;
2) after the radicle of the seed starts to sprout, the seed is planted into a seedling raising bag filled with a mangrove seedling raising substrate;
3) the planted mangrove bag seedling bag is vertically placed in a water-containing tray pot, and salt water with the salinity of 10-15% prepared by sea salt is filled in the tray pot;
4) the calcium superphosphate solution was added to the saline solution every two months to replenish the phosphate fertilizer.
8. A seedling raising method using a mangrove plant seedling raising substrate according to claim 6, characterized in that the size of the seedling raising bag is 9cm x 12 cm.
9. A seedling raising method using a mangrove plant seedling raising substrate according to claim 6, wherein the water level of the saline water is 1/2 times the height of the soil ball of the mangrove bag.
10. A seedling raising method using a mangrove plant seedling raising substrate according to claim 6, wherein the seedling raising bag is a degradable air-permeable and water-permeable non-woven fabric nutrition bag.
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| CN113557904A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-29 | 海南三友海洋科技有限公司 | Lotus seedling culture method |
| CN116746420A (en) * | 2023-05-31 | 2023-09-15 | 海南省林业科学研究院(海南省红树林研究院) | Seedling raising method for birth control mangrove plant tinospora sinensis |
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| CN113557904A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-29 | 海南三友海洋科技有限公司 | Lotus seedling culture method |
| CN116746420A (en) * | 2023-05-31 | 2023-09-15 | 海南省林业科学研究院(海南省红树林研究院) | Seedling raising method for birth control mangrove plant tinospora sinensis |
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