CN110365122B - Self-powered wireless sensing system based on friction nano generator - Google Patents
Self-powered wireless sensing system based on friction nano generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN110365122B CN110365122B CN201910476553.7A CN201910476553A CN110365122B CN 110365122 B CN110365122 B CN 110365122B CN 201910476553 A CN201910476553 A CN 201910476553A CN 110365122 B CN110365122 B CN 110365122B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/04—Friction generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/10—Current supply arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/38—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-powered wireless sensing system based on a nano friction generator. The existing self-powered sensing system based on the nano generator generally charges a capacitor after being processed by a rectifier bridge, and then outputs a scheme for supplying power to the sensor. The invention comprises a friction nanometer generator with a microswitch and a diode, a wireless transmitting and receiving circuit carrying sensing information and a signal acquisition and analysis device; the friction nano generator is used for converting external mechanical energy into electric energy to provide energy; the wireless transmitting and receiving circuit carrying the sensing information comprises a signal generating circuit and a signal receiving circuit; the friction nano generator with the microswitch and the diode generates a signal carrying sensing information through a signal generating circuit comprising a capacitive sensor, and then carries out wireless transmission through electromagnetic coupling of a signal receiving circuit. The frequency of the oscillation signal received by the signal acquisition and analysis device of the invention changes along with the parameter to be measured, thus obtaining the sensing signal with larger amplitude and more stable frequency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sensors, and particularly relates to a self-powered wireless sensing system based on a friction nano generator.
Background
With the continuous development of the scientific and technical level, the sensor network technology has made a great progress, and new sensors are distributed in every corner of life. The sensor network is the basis and the core of the internet of things, the internet of things uses information sensing equipment or sensors to connect a user main body and the internet so as to carry out information interaction and data acquisition, and the internet collects scattered sensor signals to carry out statistical analysis, so that accurate and reliable information can be obtained. However, the number of sensors for the internet of things is huge, and maintaining self-sustained work for independent sensors and complex connection of a control interaction system and a large number of sensors becomes a bottleneck limiting the development of sensor networks and the internet of things. Traditional battery technology can't satisfy and lasts the energy supply, needs the periodic replacement battery. The replacement of a large number of batteries not only increases the maintenance cost, but also causes the stability of the whole system to be poor, so that the sensor network has no significance.
The electronic device realizes self-energy supply or self-driving, can improve the sustainability and the stability of the whole system to a great extent, and can essentially solve the problem of the battery. This has led to the pioneering introduction of a self-powered or self-driven sensor concept that would make the sensor itself not conducive to self-powering from an external power source by collecting energy in the environment. The emergence of a Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) provides an effective solution for a self-powered sensing system based on the internet of things.
The friction nanometer generator is used as a self-powered device with the highest output electric signal power, micro-kinetic energy (raindrop, wind blowing, vibration and the like) which is difficult to collect around the environment where the sensor is located can be converted into electric energy, and the energy supply problem of the sensor network is solved. Therefore, the friction nano generator can be combined with a sensor and applied to a sensor network to replace a traditional sensor to sense physical quantities such as pressure (force), collision, vibration, stress (strain), displacement, humidity, temperature and the like.
In order to solve the power supply problem of sensor networks and wearable devices, self-powered sensing systems based on nanogenerators are widely researched. At present, there are two main categories. Firstly, the friction material of the friction nanometer generator is simultaneously used as the sensing material, the nanometer friction generator is used as the sensing device, and when the sensing environment changes, the charge density on the surface of the friction material changes along with the change. Thereby achieving the purpose of the sensor. Greatly limits the preference of the material and narrows the selectable range of the material. Secondly, the friction nanometer generator collects micro-kinetic energy in the environment, charges the capacitor after being processed by the rectifier bridge, and outputs the micro-kinetic energy to supply power for the sensor, so that the size of the sensor is increased, and the sensor is inconvenient to be applied in a large amount in practice.
The friction nano generator injects energy into the LC resonance circuit through the synchronous switch, and the frequency of the resonance circuit is related to the equivalent capacitance of the friction nano generator when the switch is conducted besides the LC. The friction nano generator can generate energy output when contacting and separating to the maximum relative position, and the external equivalent capacitance of the friction nano generator in the two states is different.
The advantages of the wireless sensing system in practical application are increasingly highlighted, and particularly, the self-powered wireless sensing system can be applied to severe environments and measurement with strict sealing requirements. However, most devices for wireless transmission consume much energy, and the use of the devices in the internet of things is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of energy consumption and sensors existing in the prior art, further solve the problems caused by the combination of a friction nano generator and a sensor, and provide a self-powered wireless sensing system based on the friction nano generator, which is suitable for capacitive sensors, such as a self-powered humidity wireless sensing system, a self-powered temperature wireless sensing system and a self-powered pressure wireless sensing system. The invention creatively provides a switch structure formed by a microswitch and a diode and a friction nano generator to solve the problems of poor stability, small amplitude of sensing signals, difficulty in spreading by an acquisition device due to attenuation in extreme time and the like.
The invention comprises a friction nanometer generator with a microswitch and a diode, a wireless transmitting and receiving circuit carrying sensing information and a signal acquisition and analysis device; the wireless transmitting and receiving circuit comprises a signal generating circuit and a signal receiving circuit; the signal generating circuit comprises a capacitive sensor C1 and an inductance coil L1; the inductance coil L1 and the capacitance sensor C1 form a first resonance circuit, the resonance frequency of the first resonance circuit changes along with the value of the capacitance sensor C1, and the size of the resonance frequency is the sensing information of the signal generating circuit; the voltage signal output end of the friction nano generator is connected with the first resonance circuit, the microswitch is connected in series with the connecting circuit of the voltage signal output end of the friction nano generator and the first resonance circuit, and the diode is connected in parallel with the voltage signal output end of the friction nano generator and the connecting circuit of the first resonance circuit; the friction nanometer generator with the micro switch and the diode transmits energy to the first resonance circuit when the micro switch is closed, so that the first resonance circuit generates resonance, and the micro switch is switched off when the resonance is generated; the signal receiving circuit is composed of an inductor L2 and a capacitor C2; sensing information generated by the signal generating circuit generates an alternating magnetic field on the inductance coil L1, and signals are transmitted to the inductance L2 through magnetic field induction; the resonant frequency of a second resonant circuit formed by the inductor L2 and the capacitor C2 is the same as that of the first resonant circuit, and the capacitor C2 is a self-adaptive capacitor, and the size of the self-adaptive capacitor is adjusted according to the measured resonant frequency of the first resonant circuit; the capacitive sensor C1 is a pressure, vibration, stress, strain, displacement, humidity or temperature capacitive sensor, and the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor C1 changes along with the environmental parameters, so that the resonant frequency of the first resonant circuit is changed; and the input end of the signal acquisition and analysis device is connected with the second resonance circuit, receives the resonance frequency of the second resonance circuit, and calculates to obtain the sensing information of the pair of external environments of the resonance circuit.
Further, the micro switch is conducted once only when the two substrates of the friction nano generator are separated to the farthest, and in one period, the first resonant circuit only generates a first resonant frequency.
Further, the circuit formed by the friction nano-generator and the diode transfers charges only in the process of separating the two substrates of the friction nano-generator.
Further, the type of the diode is 1N4007, 1N5339 or 1N 5408.
Further, the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor C1 is 0.01 pf-1000F.
Furthermore, the inductance values of the inductor L1 and the inductor L2 are both 1 uH-1000H.
Furthermore, the turn ratio of the inductance coil L1 to the inductance L2 is 0.001-1000.
Further, the signal acquisition and analysis device feeds back and controls the capacitance value of the capacitor C2 according to the calculated sensing information of the first resonant circuit, so that the resonant frequency of the second resonant circuit is the same as the resonant frequency of the first resonant circuit.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention abandons the technical prejudice and habit, combines the friction nano generator with the capacitance sensor after simply adding the microswitch and the diode structure, obtains the sensing signal with larger amplitude and more stable frequency, and has higher precision and stronger reliability compared with the traditional sensing system based on the friction nano generator.
2. The micro switch is conducted only when the two substrates of the friction nano generator are separated to the maximum position, so that the external equivalent capacitance of the friction nano generator is only one and is a stable value, and the change of the resonant frequency is only determined by the characteristics of the LC circuit. In addition, the micro switch is introduced, and meanwhile, a diode conducting structure is designed, so that the injection efficiency of the friction nano generator is greatly enhanced, the amplitude of the LC oscillating circuit is improved, and the accuracy and the transmission distance of the sensor are increased.
3. The capacitance type sensor controls the generated resonance signal through the change of the self capacitance, and when the external parameter to be measured changes, the frequency of the wirelessly received signal changes along with the change of the external parameter to be measured, so that the capacitance type sensor is not easily interfered by external conditions. The central resonance frequency of the LC circuit is determined by the capacitor C1 and the inductance coil L1 (after the frequency is determined, the resonance frequency of the LC circuit is shifted by the central frequency through the change of the parameter of the capacitance sensor C1), and the sensing purpose is further achieved.
4. When the external parameter to be measured changes, the capacitive sensor C1 changes, and the capacitor C2 is a self-adaptive capacitor, so that the transmitting end and the receiving end are always kept in electromagnetic resonance coupling, and compared with the traditional sensing system based on the friction nano generator, the performance is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2(a) and 2(b) are time domain waveform diagrams collected when the friction nano-generator is only provided with a micro-switch and simultaneously provided with a micro-switch and a diode under the same condition.
Fig. 3(a), fig. 3(b), and fig. 3(c) are time domain diagrams of signal voltage tests with different information received by the signal receiving circuit when the capacitance values of the capacitive sensor are 7.5 picofarads, 53.6 picofarads, and 100.1 picofarads, respectively, according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3(d) is a comparison graph of signal voltage test frequency domains with different information received by the signal receiving circuit when the capacitance values of the capacitive sensor are 7.5 picofarads, 53.6 picofarads, and 100.1 picofarads according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a signal frequency relationship with different information received by the signal receiving circuit of the capacitive sensor according to the embodiment of the present invention at different capacitance values.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the present invention more specifically, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the self-powered wireless sensing system based on the friction nano-generator comprises a friction nano-generator 1 with a micro-switch and a diode, a wireless transmitting and receiving circuit 2 (comprising a signal generating circuit S and a signal receiving circuit V) carrying sensing information, and a signal collecting and analyzing device 3. The signal generating circuit S comprises a capacitive sensor C1 and an inductive coil L1; the inductance coil L1 is connected with the capacitance sensor in parallel; the signal receiving circuit is formed by connecting an inductor L2 and a self-adaptive capacitor C2 in parallel, and signals are output from two ends of C2; the friction nano generator is used for converting external micro-motion energy into electric energy to provide energy; in fig. 1, the triboelectric nanogenerator 1 is equivalent to a capacitor C _ TENG and a power supply V _ TENG; the voltage signal output end of the friction nano generator 1 with the micro switch and the diode is connected with two ends of the capacitance type sensor C1. The basic principle of the generation and transmission of the resonance signal carrying the sensing information is as follows: the capacitive sensor C1 and the inductance coil L1 form a first resonance circuit, a voltage signal output by the friction nano-generator 1 with the microswitch S1 and the diode D1 when the microswitch is closed generates a resonance signal in the first resonance circuit, and the microswitch is switched off (the microswitch moves along with two substrates of the friction nano-generator 1 to realize switching) when the resonance signal is generated, so that the influence on the frequency of the resonance signal due to the equivalent capacitance of the friction nano-generator is avoided, the change of the output resonance frequency is ensured to be only caused by C1, and the function of stable sensing is achieved. The resonant signal generates an alternating magnetic field in the inductance coil L1, the inductance L2 and the inductance L1 receive signals carrying sensing information through magnetic field resonance coupling, the capacitance sensor C1 senses external information, the capacitance value changes, at the moment, the self-adaptive capacitance C2 can generate corresponding change in order to enable the first resonant circuit and the second resonant circuit (composed of the inductance L2 and the capacitance C2) to be always kept in a resonance coupling state, so that the signals acquired by the signal acquisition and analysis device 3 are more stable, and the wireless transmission distance of the signals is longer. The C1 is a capacitive sensor for detecting pressure, vibration, stress, strain, displacement, humidity or temperature, and the capacitance of the C1 can be changed by different pressures, vibrations, stresses, strains, displacements, humidities or temperatures, so that the resonant frequency of the first resonant circuit is changed, and the purpose of sensing is achieved.
Because the friction nanometer generator has large output impedance, the impedance of the inductor is small, when the inductor is directly connected to the friction nanometer generator, the energy output by the friction nanometer generator can not be effectively coupled to the inductor, and further can not generate required resonance signals, the addition of the microswitch changes the defects, the output impedance of the friction nanometer generator is reduced, and simultaneously, the width of the output signals of the friction nanometer generator is obviously reduced, so that an LC resonance circuit (a resonance circuit I) is more favorable for generating resonance signals carrying sensing information, the resonance signals generated by the friction nanometer generator only added with the microswitch are shown in figure 2(a), obviously, the maximum amplitude of the resonance signals can be only several volts, and the charge transfer time can only be transferred when the microswitch is closed, resulting in a reduced energy content of the excited resonance signal, which although able to generate a resonance signal is low in amplitude. The variation range of the capacitive sensor easily results in that the sensing signal cannot be spread when the measured capacitance is larger. At this time, a diode (the diode adopts a diode with the breakdown voltage higher than 500V such as the type 1N4007, the type 1N5339 or the type 1N 5408) is added on the basis of adding the microswitch, so that great change is brought to the whole system, an electronic single-phase transfer channel is constructed by the diode at two electrodes of the friction nano-generator, and the output energy of the friction nano-generator is increased when the microswitch is closed. The signals generated under the same conditions at this time are shown in FIG. 2 (b). It can be clearly seen that the quality of the resonance signal is greatly improved. The resonance signal which is captured by the signal acquisition and analysis device and carries the sensing information has better reliability, and the structure of adding the micro switch and the diode greatly improves the stability of the system.
The invention can be used in any occasion with external micro-kinetic energy, and the external micro-kinetic energy drives the nano friction generator with the micro-switch and the diode to provide energy for the capacitive sensor. The invention does not need any external power supply, greatly improves the applicability of the sensor and greatly reduces the size and the weight of the system. The whole system can be used for any capacitive sensor and has a wide application range.
In the embodiment, the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor C1 is changed by changing the external environment (pressure, vibration, stress, strain, displacement, humidity, etc.), so as to generate sensing signals with different information. Time domain diagrams of wirelessly received (signals pass through the signal acquisition and analysis device) signals containing sensing information are shown in fig. 3(a), 3(b) and 3(c), wherein the horizontal axis represents time T, and the vertical axis represents wirelessly received signal amplitude a. It can be seen that the larger the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor C1, the larger the spacing between the peaks of the resonance waveform of the received signal. Fig. 3(d) is obtained by performing fast fourier transform on the time domain signals of fig. 3(a), 3(b), and 3(c), where the horizontal axis represents frequency F and the vertical axis represents amplitude a of the wirelessly received signal including the sensing information in fig. 3 (d). Analyzing fig. 3(d), the change in capacitance of the capacitive sensor C1 results in a change in the frequency of the signal. The results of fig. 4 are obtained through experiments, and it can be obtained that the larger the capacitance value Cap of the capacitive sensor C1, the smaller the frequency of receiving the signal with the sensing information.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only the most preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, additions, equivalents, etc. made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. Self-powered wireless sensing system based on friction nanometer generator, its characterized in that: the system comprises a friction nano generator with a microswitch and a diode, a wireless transmitting and receiving circuit carrying sensing information and a signal acquisition and analysis device; the wireless transmitting and receiving circuit comprises a signal generating circuit and a signal receiving circuit; the signal generating circuit comprises a capacitive sensor C1 and an inductance coil L1; the inductance coil L1 and the capacitance sensor C1 form a first resonance circuit, the resonance frequency of the first resonance circuit changes along with the value of the capacitance sensor C1, and the size of the resonance frequency is the sensing information of the signal generating circuit; the voltage signal output end of the friction nano generator is connected with the first resonance circuit, the microswitch is connected in series with the connecting circuit of the voltage signal output end of the friction nano generator and the first resonance circuit, and the diode is connected in parallel with the voltage signal output end of the friction nano generator and the connecting circuit of the first resonance circuit; the friction nanometer generator with the micro switch and the diode transmits energy to the first resonance circuit when the micro switch is closed, so that the first resonance circuit generates resonance, and the micro switch is switched off when the resonance is generated; the signal receiving circuit is composed of an inductor L2 and a capacitor C2; sensing information generated by the signal generating circuit generates an alternating magnetic field on the inductance coil L1, and signals are transmitted to the inductance L2 through magnetic field induction; the resonant frequency of a second resonant circuit formed by the inductor L2 and the capacitor C2 is the same as that of the first resonant circuit, and the capacitor C2 is a self-adaptive capacitor, and the size of the self-adaptive capacitor is adjusted according to the measured resonant frequency of the first resonant circuit; the capacitive sensor C1 is a pressure, vibration, stress, strain, displacement, humidity or temperature capacitive sensor, and the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor C1 changes along with the environmental parameters, so that the resonant frequency of the first resonant circuit is changed; and the input end of the signal acquisition and analysis device is connected with the second resonance circuit, receives the resonance frequency of the second resonance circuit, and calculates to obtain the sensing information of the pair of external environments of the resonance circuit.
2. The self-powered wireless sensing system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein: the micro switch is conducted once only when the two substrates of the friction nano generator are separated to the farthest, and in one period, the first resonant circuit only generates one-time resonant frequency.
3. The self-powered wireless sensing system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein: the friction nano generator and the diode form a loop, and charges are transferred only in the process of separating the two substrates of the friction nano generator.
4. The self-powered wireless sensing system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein: the type of the diode is 1N4007, 1N5339 or 1N 5408.
5. The self-powered wireless sensing system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein: the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor C1 is one of 0.01 pf-1000F.
6. The self-powered wireless sensing system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein: the inductance values of the inductance coil L1 and the inductance L2 are all one value in the range of 1 uH-1000H.
7. The self-powered wireless sensing system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein: the turn ratio of the inductor L1 to the inductor L2 is one value of 0.001-1000.
8. The self-powered wireless sensing system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein: and the signal acquisition and analysis device feeds back and controls the capacitance value of the capacitor C2 according to the calculated sensing information of the first resonant circuit, so that the resonant frequency of the second resonant circuit is the same as the resonant frequency of the first resonant circuit.
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| CN113176443B (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2023-07-18 | 钱塘科技创新中心 | Multi-parameter integrated sensing system based on flexible wearable friction nano generator |
| CN113237496B (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2023-05-23 | 重庆大学 | Active friction nano generator sensor with pre-processing circuit |
| CN113917569B (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2024-06-11 | 北京纳米能源与***研究所 | Rain gauge |
| CN113938050B (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2024-06-11 | 浙江大学 | High-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered wireless sensing system of friction nano generator |
| CN113895402A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-07 | 重庆大学 | Front-baffle type intelligent windscreen wiper control device |
| CN114674348B (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2024-04-12 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Amplitude and frequency double-parameter sensing decoupling system based on friction nano generator |
| CN115296442B (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2024-05-28 | 清华大学 | Self-powered wireless sensing device and sensing method thereof |
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