WO2023035591A1 - High-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered wireless sensing system of frictional nano-power generator - Google Patents

High-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered wireless sensing system of frictional nano-power generator Download PDF

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WO2023035591A1
WO2023035591A1 PCT/CN2022/083527 CN2022083527W WO2023035591A1 WO 2023035591 A1 WO2023035591 A1 WO 2023035591A1 CN 2022083527 W CN2022083527 W CN 2022083527W WO 2023035591 A1 WO2023035591 A1 WO 2023035591A1
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transmitting module
controller
module
powered
diode
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PCT/CN2022/083527
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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骆季奎
张弛
邝昊泽
陈金凯
轩伟鹏
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浙江大学
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/04—Friction generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/38—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of wireless sensing of friction nanogenerators, and in particular relates to a high-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered wireless sensing system of friction nanogenerators.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • WSN Wireless Sensor Networks
  • Triboelectric nanogenerators can convert the mechanical energy in the environment into electrical energy to power other devices, so they have received great attention in the application of IoT and WSN.
  • Triboelectric nanogenerators have the advantages of high energy output and conversion efficiency, readily available materials, easy fabrication, and low cost, and have great application potential in self-powered wireless sensor networks.
  • Self-powered sensors based on frictional nanogenerators are usually divided into two categories according to the role of frictional nanogenerators in the sensing system.
  • One is to directly use the output voltage of frictional nanogenerators as sensor), while the other first harvests and stores energy, and then uses the harvested energy to power the sensing system (i.e. triboelectric nanogenerator as power source).
  • the sensing system i.e. triboelectric nanogenerator as power source.
  • the triboelectric nanogenerator sensor itself can output electrical signals without a power source, but other electronic components in the sensing system still need power to operate, and this sensing system is not a true self-powered sensing system, said It may be more suitable as a self-driving sensor.
  • the sensing system cannot be used for real-time sensing because the triboelectric nanogenerator needs a certain time to collect enough energy to power the sensing system.
  • a novel self-powered instantaneous wireless sensor system based on triboelectric nanogenerators can directly convert the output voltage of triboelectric nanogenerators into oscillation signals with sensing information and realize wireless transmission and reception.
  • Chinese patent CN110365122A published on October 22, 2019 "Self-powered wireless sensor system based on frictional nanogenerator”
  • Chinese patent CN108649833A published on October 12, 2018 “Self-powered frictional nanogenerator with identity information Machine wireless sensor transmission system”
  • Chinese patent CN112669488A Metal product counting and sorting method based on friction nanogenerator and LC sensing
  • This type of fully self-powered wireless sensing system has the advantages of high energy utilization efficiency, simple sensing system, and low cost. At the same time, this sensing system can realize instantaneous and real-time wireless sensing, which opens the way for the widespread application of self-powered sensors in the Internet of Things and wireless sensor networks.
  • a contact mechanical switch is used to increase the amplitude of the emitted oscillating signal, thus increasing the wireless transmission distance to several meters.
  • contact micromechanical switches have an inherent problem of contact chatter, which leads to instability in the amplitude and frequency of the oscillating signal.
  • the external environmental conditions humidity, temperature, or pressure, etc.
  • the working conditions of the triboelectric nanogenerator force, frequency, or separation distance, etc.
  • the fabrication process of triboelectric nanogenerators with integrated mechanical switches is more complicated, and even mechanical switches cannot be integrated in some special applications.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art, and propose a high-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered sensor system for friction nanogenerators, using a specially designed controller instead of a mechanical switch, so that the amplitude and frequency of the transmitted signal are stable Greatly enhanced, enhancing the anti-interference ability of the sensing system.
  • the present invention is mainly composed of a friction nanogenerator, a controller, a transmitting module and a receiving module in sequence; the two output terminals of the friction nanogenerator are directly connected to the two input terminals of the controller; the two output terminals of the controller are respectively connected to To the two input terminals of the transmitting module, the transmitting module and the receiving module are wirelessly connected.
  • the triboelectric nanogenerator can be in vertical separation mode, horizontal sliding mode or single electrode mode.
  • the controller includes a peak voltage detector PVD, a diode D1, a bidirectional voltage regulator diode ZD and a MOS transistor Q1; the two ends of the peak voltage detector PVD are connected between the two input terminals of the controller, and the output of the peak voltage detector PVD
  • the terminal Vctl is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q1
  • the source of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the peak voltage detector PVD and grounded, and the drain of the MOS transistor Q1 passes through the bidirectional voltage regulator diode ZD, the diode D1, and the peak voltage detector in turn.
  • the other end of PVD is connected, and the two ends of the two-way voltage regulator diode ZD are output as the two output ends of the controller.
  • the transmitting module is an RLC resonant cavity composed of a resistor R1, an inductor L1, and a capacitor C1 (at least including L1, C1). Specifically, a series structure of the resistor R1, the inductor L1, and the capacitor C1 is adopted, or the resistor R1, the inductor L1 A parallel structure with the capacitor C1, or a series structure of the inductor L1 and the capacitor C1, or a parallel structure of the inductor L1 and the capacitor C1.
  • the resistor R1 is a resistive sensor, or the inductor L1 is an inductive sensor, or the capacitor C1 is a capacitive sensor.
  • the receiving module adopts an inductor L2, or a series structure of a resistor R1, an inductor L1 and a capacitor C1, or a parallel structure of a resistor R1, an inductor L1 and a capacitor C1.
  • Both the controller and the launch module are powered by the triboelectric nanogenerator without additional power supply.
  • the controller monitors the output voltage of the friction nanogenerator in real time, and controls the MOS tube to turn on when the output voltage of the friction nanogenerator reaches the maximum, and the MOS tube is turned on to couple the output energy of the friction nanogenerator to the transmitting module; the energy coupling ends After that, the controller immediately controls the MOS tube to close, and at this time the transmitting module generates an oscillating signal; during the oscillating process, under the joint action of the MOS tube and the diode, the controller controls the frictional nanogenerator to disconnect from the transmitting module, so the frictional nanogenerator and the controller have no effect on the oscillating signal.
  • the bidirectional zener diode ZD of the controller is replaced by a unidirectional zener diode, the forward input terminal of the unidirectional zener diode is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor Q1, and the reverse input terminal is connected to the reverse input terminal of the diode D1.
  • It also includes a radio frequency transmitting module, the transmitting module and the receiving module are connected to the radio frequency transmitting module, the radio frequency transmitting module of the transmitting module transmits the oscillating signal generated by the transmitting module through radio frequency, and is received by the radio frequency transmitting module of the receiving module;
  • It also includes a laser transmitting module, which is connected to the transmitting module and the receiving module.
  • the laser transmitting module of the transmitting module transmits the oscillating signal generated by the transmitting module wirelessly by laser, and is received by the laser transmitting module of the receiving module. .
  • the present invention uses a specially designed controller instead of a micromechanical switch, so that the stability of the amplitude and frequency of the transmitted signal is greatly enhanced, and the process of integrating the mechanical switch into the friction nanogenerator is avoided. This increases the practicality and application potential of this sensing system.
  • the invention can efficiently convert the energy generated by the triboelectric nanogenerator into an oscillation signal carrying sensing information and transmit it wirelessly without external power supply.
  • the self-powered sensor system of the present invention avoids the contact vibration problem of the micromechanical switch, and eliminates the problem of contact vibration due to external environmental conditions (humidity, temperature or pressure). etc.) and the working conditions (force, frequency or distance, etc.) , accuracy and anti-interference ability.
  • the fabrication process of triboelectric nanogenerators with integrated mechanical switches is more complicated, and even mechanical switches cannot be integrated in some special applications.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram of a control signal and a transmission signal in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 (a), Fig. 3 (b), Fig. 3 (c) are the transmission waveforms under the situation that the resistance R1 of the embodiment of the present invention takes different values;
  • FIG. 4 is a spectrum diagram of transmitted signals when the inductance L1 takes different values according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Triboelectric nanogenerator In the figure: 1. Triboelectric nanogenerator, 2. Controller, 3. Transmitting module, 4. Receiving module.
  • the system is mainly composed of a frictional nanogenerator 1, a controller 2, a transmitting module 3 and a receiving module 4 in sequence; the two output terminals of the frictional nanogenerator 1 are directly connected to the two input terminals of the controller 2; The two output ends of the controller 2 are respectively connected to the two input ends of the transmitting module 3, the transmitting module 3 and the receiving module 4 are wirelessly connected, and both the controller 2 and the transmitting module 3 are powered by the friction nanogenerator 1, without additional power supply .
  • the controller 2 and the transmitting module 3 directly convert the energy generated by the triboelectric nanogenerator 1 into an oscillating signal carrying sensing information, and the oscillating signal passes through the radio frequency transmitter, infrared transmitter, laser transmitter of the transmitting module 3 or is directly coupled by mutual inductance transmitted wirelessly.
  • the controller 2 includes a peak voltage detector PVD, a diode D1, a bidirectional voltage regulator diode ZD and a MOS transistor Q1; both ends of the peak voltage detector PVD are connected between the two input terminals of the controller 2, and the control of the peak voltage detector PVD The output end is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q1, and then the conduction state of the MOS transistor is controlled by the peak voltage detector PVD.
  • the source of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the peak voltage detector PVD and grounded, and the drain of the MOS transistor Q1 is in turn
  • the bidirectional voltage regulator diode ZD and diode D1 are connected to the other end of the peak voltage detector PVD
  • the anode of the diode D1 is connected to the other end of the peak voltage detector PVD
  • the outputs of the two ends of the bidirectional voltage regulator diode ZD are used as the two terminals of the controller 2.
  • the diode D1 realizes unidirectional conduction from the friction nanogenerator 1 to the emission module 3
  • the MOS tube also realizes the unidirectional conduction from the friction nanogenerator 1 to the emission module 3 .
  • a diode is formed, the bidirectional Zener diode and the MOS transistor are connected in series, and the two ends of the bidirectional Zener diode are used as output terminals to output signals to the transmitting module 3 .
  • the transmitting module 3 is an RLC resonant cavity composed of at least one of the resistor R1, the inductor L1, and the capacitor C1, and specifically adopts one of the resistor R1, the inductor L1, and the capacitor C1 or a series/parallel structure of the resistor R1 and the inductor L1 Or a series/parallel structure of the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1.
  • the changes in the resistance, inductance and capacitance in the RLC resonant cavity modulate the frequency or amplitude of the wireless signal sent by the oscillating signal to realize the self-powered wireless sensing function; the amplitude/amplitude is adjusted through the resistance, and the frequency is adjusted through the inductance or capacitance.
  • the transmitting module 3 includes a series RLC cavity or a parallel RLC cavity.
  • the inductance and capacitance in the RLC resonant cavity are inductive sensors and capacitive sensors.
  • the change in the inductance value of the inductive sensor or the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor will modulate the frequency of the transmitted oscillating signal; the resistor is a resistive sensor.
  • a change in the resistance value will modulate the amplitude of the transmitted oscillating signal.
  • the receiving module 4 adopts an inductor L2, or a series/parallel structure of the resistor R1 and the inductor L1, or a series/parallel structure of the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1.
  • the inductance L2 in the receiving module 4 and the inductance L1 in the transmitting module 3 form a magnetic coupling system, and the transmitting module 3 and the receiving module 4 perform wireless sensing in a magnetic coupling manner.
  • the receiving module 4 includes a capacitor C2 and a resistor R2, the capacitor C2, the resistor R2 and the inductor L2 also constitute an RLC resonant cavity as a receiving resonant cavity, and the RLC resonant cavity of the transmitting module 3 is used as a transmitting resonant cavity, and the transmitting resonant cavity and the receiving resonant cavity have With the same resonant frequency, the transmitting module 3 and the receiving module 4 perform wireless sensing in a resonant coupling manner.
  • an additional diode for unidirectional filtering is connected in parallel between the two input terminals of the controller 2, and the alternating current/voltage input to the two input terminals of the controller is unidirectionally screened and turned on through the diode.
  • the specific implementation can include a radio frequency transmission module, and the radio frequency transmission module is connected to the transmission module 3 and the receiving module 4.
  • the radio frequency transmission module of the transmission module 3 transmits the oscillating signal generated by the transmission module 3 by radio frequency, and is received by the receiving module. 4 radio frequency transmitting module receives.
  • the specific implementation can include a laser transmitting module, and the transmitting module 3 and the receiving module 4 are all provided with the laser transmitting module, and the laser transmitting module of the transmitting module transmits the oscillating signal generated by the transmitting module wirelessly by laser, and is received by the receiving module. Received by the laser transmitter module.
  • the type of the diode D1 is 1N4007, 1N5339 or 1N5408.
  • the model of the MOS tube Q1 is FQD10N60C, FQD8N60C or FQD5N60C.
  • the two-way voltage regulator diode ZD is replaced by a one-way voltage regulator diode.
  • the friction nanogenerator 1 serves as a power supply for the transmission module 3.
  • the transmission module 3 converts each pulse signal generated by the friction nanogenerator 1 into an oscillating signal carrying sensing information and transmits it wirelessly.
  • the frequency of the signal is determined by the frequency of the transmission module 3.
  • Capacitance C1, inductance L1 decides.
  • the controller 2 collects and receives the output signal of the friction nanogenerator 1 in real time
  • the controller 2 sends a conduction signal to the grid of the MOS tube, so that the MOS tube conducts Through, the triboelectric nanogenerator 1 supplies power to the transmitting module 3 instantaneously, and the energy is injected into the LC oscillator.
  • the duration of the entire power supply is very short, specifically about 100 ns, and an oscillating signal is generated in the transmitting module 3 after the power supply ends.
  • the controller 2 During the continuous oscillation of the oscillating signal, the controller 2 has sent a disconnection signal to the gate of the MOS transistor, and the triboelectric nanogenerator 1 is disconnected from the transmitting module 3 under the joint action of the MOS transistor and the diode D1.
  • the controller 2 does not affect the frequency and amplitude of the oscillating signal generated by the transmitting module 3, and the Zener diode ZD in the controller 2 keeps the initial amplitude of the transmitting signal constant.
  • the initial amplitude of the transmitted signal is proportional to the output voltage amplitude of the triboelectric nanogenerator.
  • the change of pressure causes the resistance value of R1 to change accordingly, thereby performing amplitude modulation on the transmitting signal.
  • the process of generating the oscillating signal by the transmitting module 3 can be divided into two stages:
  • the two energy storage elements in the transmitting module 3 ——the inductor L1 and the capacitor C1 will both obtain energy from the triboelectric nanogenerator 1 .
  • the controller 2 is disconnected from the transmitting module 3 .
  • the transmitting module 3 generates an oscillating signal. Since inductor L1 and capacitor C1 are connected in parallel, the voltage across them is the same.
  • Figure 2 shows the waveforms of control signal Vctl (G-S voltage of MOS transistor Q1) and voltage VLC across L1 and C1, where t1 and t2 are charging time periods, and t3 is oscillation time period.
  • Vctl G-S voltage of MOS transistor Q1
  • VLC voltage across L1 and C1
  • t1 and t2 are charging time periods
  • t3 oscillation time period.
  • the pulse voltage output by the triboelectric nanogenerator reaches the maximum value and is detected by the peak voltage detector.
  • the peak voltage detector outputs a high level, thereby turning on the MOS transistor Q1.
  • the triboelectric nanogenerator charges the RLC resonant cavity in the transmitting module 3, and the VLC rises sharply, as shown in the time period t1 in FIG. 2 .
  • control signal Vctl changes from high level to low level
  • MOS transistor Q1 is closed
  • RLC resonant cavity starts to produce the oscillating signal, as shown in Figure 2 t3 time period is shown.
  • the controller 2 is equivalent to being disconnected from the transmitting module 3 . Therefore, the triboelectric nanogenerator 1 and the controller 2 have no influence on the oscillating signal generated by the transmitting module 3 . All modules are powered by triboelectric nanogenerators during the whole process, without additional power supply.
  • the R1 in the transmitting module 3 is replaced with a resistive pressure sensor, and the resistance R1 changes with the change of the pressure, so as to modulate the amplitude of the transmitting signal.
  • Figure 3(a), Figure 3(b), and Figure 3(c) show the transmitted signal waveforms corresponding to different R1 values, where the abscissa is time and the ordinate is voltage. It can be seen from the figure that the smaller R1 is, the faster the transmit signal decays.
  • the L1 in the transmitting module 3 is replaced by an inductive pressure sensor, and the inductance L1 changes with the change of the pressure, thereby performing frequency modulation on the transmitting signal.
  • FIG. 4 shows the frequency spectrum of the transmitted signal under different inductance values, where the horizontal axis is the frequency and the vertical axis is the amplitude. It can be seen from the figure that the larger the inductance value, the lower the frequency of the transmitted signal.

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Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is a high-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered wireless sensing system of a frictional nano-power generator. The output ends of the frictional nano-power generator are directly connected to the input ends of a controller; the output ends of the controller are respectively connected to the input ends of a transmitting module, and the transmitting module is wirelessly connected to a receiving module; in the controller, the two ends of a peak voltage detector (PVD) are connected between the two input ends of the controller; the PVD is connected to the gate of an MOS transistor Q1; the MOS transistor Q1 and one end of the PVD are connected and grounded; and the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the other end of the PVD after sequentially passing through a bidirectional voltage-stabilizing diode ZD and a diode D1, and the two output ends of the bidirectional voltage-stabilizing diode ZD are used as the two output ends of the controller. The present invention can greatly enhance the stability of the amplitude and frequency of a transmitting signal, and enhance the anti-interference capability of a sensing system.

Description

一种摩擦纳米发电机高灵敏度瞬时自供电无线传感***A high-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered wireless sensor system for triboelectric nanogenerators
本申请要求于2021年09月13日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111068892.5、发明名称为“一种摩擦纳米发电机高灵敏度瞬时自供电无线传感***”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。This application claims the priority of the Chinese patent application submitted to the China Patent Office on September 13, 2021, with the application number 202111068892.5, and the title of the invention is "a high-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered wireless sensor system for friction nanogenerators", all of which The contents are incorporated by reference in this application.
技术领域technical field
本发明属于摩擦纳米发电机无线传感技术领域，具体涉及一种摩擦纳米发电机高灵敏度瞬时自供电无线传感***。The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless sensing of friction nanogenerators, and in particular relates to a high-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered wireless sensing system of friction nanogenerators.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，包含大量微传感器的物联网(IoT)和无线传感器网络(WSN)受到研究人员的广泛关注。它们已广泛应用于各个领域，例如智能家居、智能制造和医疗保健等。IoT和WSN核心技术基础是数量庞大的用于收集传感信息的微传感器，如何有效地为这些微传感器供电成为限制IoT和WSN发展的瓶颈，而使用电池供电的效率不高，并且对于分布在偏远地区或恶劣的环境中的传感器，难以对电池进行更换和维护。作为一种新兴的能量收集技术，摩擦纳米发电机能够将环境中的机械能转化为电能再为其他设备供电，因此在IoT和WSN的应用中受到了极大的关注。摩擦纳米发电机具有能量输出和转换效率高、材料易得、制造容易、成本低等优点，在自供电无线传感器网络方面具有极大的应用潜力。In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), which contain a large number of microsensors, have received extensive attention from researchers. They have been widely used in various fields, such as smart home, smart manufacturing, and healthcare, etc. The core technology of IoT and WSN is based on a large number of micro-sensors used to collect sensing information. How to effectively supply power to these micro-sensors has become a bottleneck limiting the development of IoT and WSN. However, the efficiency of using battery power is not high, and for distributed For sensors in remote areas or harsh environments, it is difficult to replace and maintain batteries. As an emerging energy harvesting technology, triboelectric nanogenerators can convert the mechanical energy in the environment into electrical energy to power other devices, so they have received great attention in the application of IoT and WSN. Triboelectric nanogenerators have the advantages of high energy output and conversion efficiency, readily available materials, easy fabrication, and low cost, and have great application potential in self-powered wireless sensor networks.
基于摩擦纳米发电机的自供电传感器通常根据摩擦纳米发电机在传感***中的作用分为两类，一种是直接使用摩擦纳米发电机的输出电压作为传感参数(即摩擦纳米发电机作为传感器)，而另一种先收集和储存能量，然后利用收集到的能量为传感***供电(即摩擦纳米发电机作为电源)。对于前一种情况，摩擦纳米发电机传感器本身无需电源即可输出电信号，但传感***中的其他电子元件仍需要电源才能运行，这种传感***不是真正的自供电传感***，称之为自驱动传感器可能更合适。对于第二种情况，传感***不能用于实时传感，因为摩擦纳米发电机需要一定的时间来收集足够的能量来为传感***供电。Self-powered sensors based on frictional nanogenerators are usually divided into two categories according to the role of frictional nanogenerators in the sensing system. One is to directly use the output voltage of frictional nanogenerators as sensor), while the other first harvests and stores energy, and then uses the harvested energy to power the sensing system (i.e. triboelectric nanogenerator as power source). For the former case, the triboelectric nanogenerator sensor itself can output electrical signals without a power source, but other electronic components in the sensing system still need power to operate, and this sensing system is not a true self-powered sensing system, said It may be more suitable as a self-driving sensor. For the second case, the sensing system cannot be used for real-time sensing because the triboelectric nanogenerator needs a certain time to collect enough energy to power the sensing system.
最近，一种新型的基于摩擦纳米发电机的自供电瞬时无线传感器***，能够将摩擦纳米发电机输出电压直接转换为带有传感信息的震荡信号并实现无线发射和接收。例如，2019年10月22日公开的中国专利CN110365122A“基于摩擦纳米发电机的自供能无线传感***”，2018年10月12日公开的中国专利CN108649833A“带有身份信息的自供电摩擦纳米发电机无线传感发射***”，2021年4月16日公开的中国专利CN112669488A“基于摩擦纳米发电机和LC传感的金属产品计数分选方法”。这种类型的完全自供电无线传感***具有能量利用效率高、传感***简单，成本低等优点。同时这种传感***可以实现瞬时和实时无线传感，为自供电传感器在物联网和无线传感网络中的广泛应用开辟了道路。在这种类型的无线传感***中，使用接触式机械开关来增加发射震荡信号的幅度，从而将无线传输距离增加到几米。Recently, a novel self-powered instantaneous wireless sensor system based on triboelectric nanogenerators can directly convert the output voltage of triboelectric nanogenerators into oscillation signals with sensing information and realize wireless transmission and reception. For example, Chinese patent CN110365122A published on October 22, 2019 "Self-powered wireless sensor system based on frictional nanogenerator", and Chinese patent CN108649833A published on October 12, 2018 "Self-powered frictional nanogenerator with identity information Machine wireless sensor transmission system", Chinese patent CN112669488A "Metal product counting and sorting method based on friction nanogenerator and LC sensing" published on April 16, 2021. This type of fully self-powered wireless sensing system has the advantages of high energy utilization efficiency, simple sensing system, and low cost. At the same time, this sensing system can realize instantaneous and real-time wireless sensing, which opens the way for the widespread application of self-powered sensors in the Internet of Things and wireless sensor networks. In this type of wireless sensing system, a contact mechanical switch is used to increase the amplitude of the emitted oscillating signal, thus increasing the wireless transmission distance to several meters.
然而，接触式微机械开关存在固有的接触抖动问题，导致震荡信号的幅值和频率不稳定。另一方面，外界环境条件(湿度、温度或压力等)和摩擦纳米发电机的工作条件(力、频率或间隔距离等)也会影响自供电传感器***的稳定性、可靠性和准确性。此外，从***结构上来看，集成机械开关的摩擦纳米发电机制作过程更复杂，甚至在一些特殊的应用场合下无法集成机械开关。However, contact micromechanical switches have an inherent problem of contact chatter, which leads to instability in the amplitude and frequency of the oscillating signal. On the other hand, the external environmental conditions (humidity, temperature, or pressure, etc.) and the working conditions of the triboelectric nanogenerator (force, frequency, or separation distance, etc.) will also affect the stability, reliability, and accuracy of the self-powered sensor system. In addition, from the perspective of system structure, the fabrication process of triboelectric nanogenerators with integrated mechanical switches is more complicated, and even mechanical switches cannot be integrated in some special applications.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足，提出了一种摩擦纳米发电机高灵敏度瞬时自供电传感***，以特殊设计的控制器代替机械开关，使得发射信号的幅值和频率的稳定性大大增强，增强了传感***的抗干扰能力。The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art, and propose a high-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered sensor system for friction nanogenerators, using a specially designed controller instead of a mechanical switch, so that the amplitude and frequency of the transmitted signal are stable Greatly enhanced, enhancing the anti-interference ability of the sensing system.
本发明所采用的技术方案如下：The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:
本发明主要由摩擦纳米发电机、控制器、发射模块和接收模块依次组成；所述摩擦纳米发电机的两个输出端直接连接控制器的两个输入端；控制器的两个输出端分别连接到发射模块的两个输入端，发射模块和接收模块无线连接。The present invention is mainly composed of a friction nanogenerator, a controller, a transmitting module and a receiving module in sequence; the two output terminals of the friction nanogenerator are directly connected to the two input terminals of the controller; the two output terminals of the controller are respectively connected to To the two input terminals of the transmitting module, the transmitting module and the receiving module are wirelessly connected.
摩擦纳米发电机可以是垂直分离模式，水平滑动模式或单电极模式。The triboelectric nanogenerator can be in vertical separation mode, horizontal sliding mode or single electrode mode.
所述控制器包含峰值电压检测器PVD、二极管D1、双向稳压二极管ZD和MOS管Q1；峰值电压检测器PVD两端连接在控制器的两个输入 端之间，峰值电压检测器PVD的输出端Vctl和MOS管Q1的栅极连接，MOS管Q1的源极和峰值电压检测器PVD一端连接并接地，MOS管Q1的漏极依次经双向稳压二极管ZD、二极管D1后和峰值电压检测器PVD另一端连接，双向稳压二极管ZD的两端输出作为控制器的两个输出端。The controller includes a peak voltage detector PVD, a diode D1, a bidirectional voltage regulator diode ZD and a MOS transistor Q1; the two ends of the peak voltage detector PVD are connected between the two input terminals of the controller, and the output of the peak voltage detector PVD The terminal Vctl is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q1, the source of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the peak voltage detector PVD and grounded, and the drain of the MOS transistor Q1 passes through the bidirectional voltage regulator diode ZD, the diode D1, and the peak voltage detector in turn. The other end of PVD is connected, and the two ends of the two-way voltage regulator diode ZD are output as the two output ends of the controller.
所述发射模块为一个由电阻R1、电感L1、电容C1(至少应包含L1，C1)组成的RLC谐振腔，具体采用电阻R1、电感L1和电容C1三者串联结构，或者电阻R1、电感L1和电容C1三者并联结构，或者电感L1和电容C1串联结构，或者电感L1和电容C1并联结构。The transmitting module is an RLC resonant cavity composed of a resistor R1, an inductor L1, and a capacitor C1 (at least including L1, C1). Specifically, a series structure of the resistor R1, the inductor L1, and the capacitor C1 is adopted, or the resistor R1, the inductor L1 A parallel structure with the capacitor C1, or a series structure of the inductor L1 and the capacitor C1, or a parallel structure of the inductor L1 and the capacitor C1.
所述的电阻R1为电阻型传感器，或者电感L1为电感型传感器，或者电容C1为电容型传感器。The resistor R1 is a resistive sensor, or the inductor L1 is an inductive sensor, or the capacitor C1 is a capacitive sensor.
所述接收模块采用一个电感L2、或者电阻R1、电感L1和电容C1三者串联结构，或者电阻R1、电感L1和电容C1三者并联结构。The receiving module adopts an inductor L2, or a series structure of a resistor R1, an inductor L1 and a capacitor C1, or a parallel structure of a resistor R1, an inductor L1 and a capacitor C1.
所述的控制器和发射模块均由摩擦纳米发电机供电，没有额外的电源。Both the controller and the launch module are powered by the triboelectric nanogenerator without additional power supply.
控制器实时监测摩擦纳米发电机的输出电压，在摩擦纳米发电机的输出电压达到最大时控制MOS管开启，MOS管导通而将摩擦纳米发电机的输出能量耦合到发射模块中；能量耦合结束后，控制器马上控制MOS管关闭，此时发射模块产生震荡信号；震荡过程中在MOS管和二极管的共同作用下，控制器控制摩擦纳米发电机与发射模块断开连接，因此摩擦纳米发电机和控制器对震荡信号没有影响。The controller monitors the output voltage of the friction nanogenerator in real time, and controls the MOS tube to turn on when the output voltage of the friction nanogenerator reaches the maximum, and the MOS tube is turned on to couple the output energy of the friction nanogenerator to the transmitting module; the energy coupling ends After that, the controller immediately controls the MOS tube to close, and at this time the transmitting module generates an oscillating signal; during the oscillating process, under the joint action of the MOS tube and the diode, the controller controls the frictional nanogenerator to disconnect from the transmitting module, so the frictional nanogenerator and the controller have no effect on the oscillating signal.
所述控制器的双向稳压二极管ZD替换为单向稳压二极管，单向稳压二极管正向输入端接MOS管Q1的漏极，反向输入端接二极管D1的反向输入端。The bidirectional zener diode ZD of the controller is replaced by a unidirectional zener diode, the forward input terminal of the unidirectional zener diode is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor Q1, and the reverse input terminal is connected to the reverse input terminal of the diode D1.
还包括一个射频发射模块，在发射模块和接收模块均设置连接射频发射模块，发射模块的射频发射模块将发射模块产生的震荡信号通过射频的方式发射出去，并被接收模块的射频发射模块接收；It also includes a radio frequency transmitting module, the transmitting module and the receiving module are connected to the radio frequency transmitting module, the radio frequency transmitting module of the transmitting module transmits the oscillating signal generated by the transmitting module through radio frequency, and is received by the radio frequency transmitting module of the receiving module;
还包括一个激光发射模块，在发射模块和接收模块均设置连接激光发射模块，发射模块的激光发射模块将发射模块产生的震荡信号通过激光的方式无线发射出去，并被接收模块的激光发射模块接收。It also includes a laser transmitting module, which is connected to the transmitting module and the receiving module. The laser transmitting module of the transmitting module transmits the oscillating signal generated by the transmitting module wirelessly by laser, and is received by the laser transmitting module of the receiving module. .
本发明通过使用特殊设计的控制器代替微机械开关，使得发射信号的 幅值和频率的稳定性大大增强，避免了机械开关集成到摩擦纳米发电机的过程。增加了该传感***的实用性和应用潜力。The present invention uses a specially designed controller instead of a micromechanical switch, so that the stability of the amplitude and frequency of the transmitted signal is greatly enhanced, and the process of integrating the mechanical switch into the friction nanogenerator is avoided. This increases the practicality and application potential of this sensing system.
本发明具有的有益效果：The beneficial effect that the present invention has:
本发明可以在无需外部电源供电的情况下，将摩擦纳米发电机产生的能量高效的转化为携带传感信息的震荡信号并无线发射出去。The invention can efficiently convert the energy generated by the triboelectric nanogenerator into an oscillation signal carrying sensing information and transmit it wirelessly without external power supply.
相比于已有的机械开关模式的摩擦纳米发电机自供电瞬时传感***，本发明自供电传感***避免了微机械开关的接触抖动问题，消除了因外界环境条件(湿度、温度或压力等)和摩擦纳米发电机的工作条件(力、频率或间隔距离等)引起的发射信号的频率和幅值不稳定的问题，增强了摩擦纳米发电机瞬时自供电传感器***的稳定性、可靠性、准确性和抗干扰能力。此外，从***结构的设计上来看，集成机械开关的摩擦纳米发电机制作过程更复杂，甚至在一些特殊的应用场合下无法集成机械开关。Compared with the self-powered instantaneous sensor system of the friction nanogenerator in the existing mechanical switch mode, the self-powered sensor system of the present invention avoids the contact vibration problem of the micromechanical switch, and eliminates the problem of contact vibration due to external environmental conditions (humidity, temperature or pressure). etc.) and the working conditions (force, frequency or distance, etc.) , accuracy and anti-interference ability. In addition, from the point of view of system structure design, the fabrication process of triboelectric nanogenerators with integrated mechanical switches is more complicated, and even mechanical switches cannot be integrated in some special applications.
说明书附图Instructions attached
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. Embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without paying creative labor.
图1是本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例中控制信号和发射信号的波形图；FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram of a control signal and a transmission signal in an embodiment of the present invention;
图3(a)、图3(b)、图3(c)为本发明实施例电阻R1取不同值情况下的发射波形；Fig. 3 (a), Fig. 3 (b), Fig. 3 (c) are the transmission waveforms under the situation that the resistance R1 of the embodiment of the present invention takes different values;
图4是为本发明实施例电感L1取不同值情况下的发射信号频谱图。FIG. 4 is a spectrum diagram of transmitted signals when the inductance L1 takes different values according to the embodiment of the present invention.
符号说明：Symbol Description:
图中：1、摩擦纳米发电机，2、控制器，3、发射模块，4、接收模块。In the figure: 1. Triboelectric nanogenerator, 2. Controller, 3. Transmitting module, 4. Receiving module.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1所示，***主要由摩擦纳米发电机1、控制器2、发射模块3和接收模块4依次组成；摩擦纳米发电机1的两个输出端直接连接控制器2的两个输入端；控制器2的两个输出端分别连接到发射模块3的两个输入端，发射模块3和接收模块4无线连接，控制器2和发射模块3均由摩擦纳米发电机1供电，没有额外的电源。As shown in Figure 1, the system is mainly composed of a frictional nanogenerator 1, a controller 2, a transmitting module 3 and a receiving module 4 in sequence; the two output terminals of the frictional nanogenerator 1 are directly connected to the two input terminals of the controller 2; The two output ends of the controller 2 are respectively connected to the two input ends of the transmitting module 3, the transmitting module 3 and the receiving module 4 are wirelessly connected, and both the controller 2 and the transmitting module 3 are powered by the friction nanogenerator 1, without additional power supply .
控制器2和发射模块3将摩擦纳米发电机1产生的能量直接转化为携带传感信息的震荡信号，震荡信号通过发射模块3的射频发射器、红外发射器、激光发射器或直接以互感耦合的方式无线发射出去。The controller 2 and the transmitting module 3 directly convert the energy generated by the triboelectric nanogenerator 1 into an oscillating signal carrying sensing information, and the oscillating signal passes through the radio frequency transmitter, infrared transmitter, laser transmitter of the transmitting module 3 or is directly coupled by mutual inductance transmitted wirelessly.
控制器2包含峰值电压检测器PVD、二极管D1、双向稳压二极管ZD和MOS管Q1；峰值电压检测器PVD两端连接在控制器2的两个输入端之间，峰值电压检测器PVD的控制输出端和MOS管Q1的栅极连接，进而实现峰值电压检测器PVD控制MOS管的导通状态，MOS管Q1的源极和峰值电压检测器PVD一端连接并接地，MOS管Q1的漏极依次经双向稳压二极管ZD、二极管D1后和峰值电压检测器PVD另一端连接，二极管D1的正极和峰值电压检测器PVD另一端连接，双向稳压二极管ZD的两端输出作为控制器2的两个输出端，二极管D1实现摩擦纳米发电机1到发射模块3的单向导通，MOS管也实现摩擦纳米发电机1到发射模块3的单向导通。这样形成二极管，双向稳压二极管和MOS管串联连接，双向稳压二极管的两端作为输出端将信号输出给发射模块3。The controller 2 includes a peak voltage detector PVD, a diode D1, a bidirectional voltage regulator diode ZD and a MOS transistor Q1; both ends of the peak voltage detector PVD are connected between the two input terminals of the controller 2, and the control of the peak voltage detector PVD The output end is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q1, and then the conduction state of the MOS transistor is controlled by the peak voltage detector PVD. The source of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the peak voltage detector PVD and grounded, and the drain of the MOS transistor Q1 is in turn After the bidirectional voltage regulator diode ZD and diode D1 are connected to the other end of the peak voltage detector PVD, the anode of the diode D1 is connected to the other end of the peak voltage detector PVD, and the outputs of the two ends of the bidirectional voltage regulator diode ZD are used as the two terminals of the controller 2. At the output end, the diode D1 realizes unidirectional conduction from the friction nanogenerator 1 to the emission module 3 , and the MOS tube also realizes the unidirectional conduction from the friction nanogenerator 1 to the emission module 3 . In this way, a diode is formed, the bidirectional Zener diode and the MOS transistor are connected in series, and the two ends of the bidirectional Zener diode are used as output terminals to output signals to the transmitting module 3 .
发射模块3为一个由电阻R1、电感L1、电容C1中选择至少其一组成的RLC谐振腔，具体采用电阻R1、电感L1和电容C1中其中之一或者电阻R1和电感L1的串/并联结构或者电阻R1和电容C1的串/并联结构。The transmitting module 3 is an RLC resonant cavity composed of at least one of the resistor R1, the inductor L1, and the capacitor C1, and specifically adopts one of the resistor R1, the inductor L1, and the capacitor C1 or a series/parallel structure of the resistor R1 and the inductor L1 Or a series/parallel structure of the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1.
RLC谐振腔中的电阻、电感和电容值的变化对震荡信号发出的无线信号进行频率或幅度调制，实现自供电无线传感功能；通过电阻调节振幅/幅度，通过电感或者电容调节频率。The changes in the resistance, inductance and capacitance in the RLC resonant cavity modulate the frequency or amplitude of the wireless signal sent by the oscillating signal to realize the self-powered wireless sensing function; the amplitude/amplitude is adjusted through the resistance, and the frequency is adjusted through the inductance or capacitance.
发射模块3中包括串联RLC腔或并联RLC谐振腔。RLC谐振腔中的电感和电容为电感型传感器和电容型传感器，电感型传感器的电感值或电容型传感器的电容值变化会对发射震荡信号进行频率调制；电阻为电阻 型传感器，电阻型传感器的电阻值变化会对发射震荡信号进行幅度调制。The transmitting module 3 includes a series RLC cavity or a parallel RLC cavity. The inductance and capacitance in the RLC resonant cavity are inductive sensors and capacitive sensors. The change in the inductance value of the inductive sensor or the capacitance value of the capacitive sensor will modulate the frequency of the transmitted oscillating signal; the resistor is a resistive sensor. A change in the resistance value will modulate the amplitude of the transmitted oscillating signal.
接收模块4采用一个电感L2、或者电阻R1和电感L1的串/并联结构或者电阻R1和电容C1的串/并联结构。The receiving module 4 adopts an inductor L2, or a series/parallel structure of the resistor R1 and the inductor L1, or a series/parallel structure of the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1.
接收模块4中的电感L2与发射模块3中的电感L1构成磁耦合***，发射模块3与接收模块4以磁耦合方式无线传感。The inductance L2 in the receiving module 4 and the inductance L1 in the transmitting module 3 form a magnetic coupling system, and the transmitting module 3 and the receiving module 4 perform wireless sensing in a magnetic coupling manner.
当接收模块4包括电容C2和电阻R2时，电容C2和电阻R2与电感L2也构成RLC谐振腔作为接收谐振腔，发射模块3的RLC谐振腔作为发射谐振腔，发射谐振腔与接收谐振腔具有相同的谐振频率，发射模块3与接收模块4以谐振耦合方式无线传感。When the receiving module 4 includes a capacitor C2 and a resistor R2, the capacitor C2, the resistor R2 and the inductor L2 also constitute an RLC resonant cavity as a receiving resonant cavity, and the RLC resonant cavity of the transmitting module 3 is used as a transmitting resonant cavity, and the transmitting resonant cavity and the receiving resonant cavity have With the same resonant frequency, the transmitting module 3 and the receiving module 4 perform wireless sensing in a resonant coupling manner.
具体实施中在控制器2的两个输入端之间额外再并联一个用于单向滤波的二极管，通过二极管对输入到控制器的两个输入端的交变电流/电压进行单向筛选导通。In a specific implementation, an additional diode for unidirectional filtering is connected in parallel between the two input terminals of the controller 2, and the alternating current/voltage input to the two input terminals of the controller is unidirectionally screened and turned on through the diode.
具体实施可以包括一个射频发射模块，在发射模块3和接收模块4均设置连接射频发射模块，发射模块3的射频发射模块将发射模块3产生的震荡信号通过射频的方式发射出去，并被接收模块4的射频发射模块接收。The specific implementation can include a radio frequency transmission module, and the radio frequency transmission module is connected to the transmission module 3 and the receiving module 4. The radio frequency transmission module of the transmission module 3 transmits the oscillating signal generated by the transmission module 3 by radio frequency, and is received by the receiving module. 4 radio frequency transmitting module receives.
具体实施可以包括一个激光发射模块，在发射模块3和接收模块4均设置连接激光发射模块，发射模块的激光发射模块将发射模块产生的震荡信号通过激光的方式无线发射出去，并被接收模块的激光发射模块接收。The specific implementation can include a laser transmitting module, and the transmitting module 3 and the receiving module 4 are all provided with the laser transmitting module, and the laser transmitting module of the transmitting module transmits the oscillating signal generated by the transmitting module wirelessly by laser, and is received by the receiving module. Received by the laser transmitter module.
具体实施中，二极管D1的型号为1N4007、1N5339或1N5408。In a specific implementation, the type of the diode D1 is 1N4007, 1N5339 or 1N5408.
MOS管Q1的型号为FQD10N60C、FQD8N60C或FQD5N60C。The model of the MOS tube Q1 is FQD10N60C, FQD8N60C or FQD5N60C.
双向稳压二极管ZD替换为单向稳压二极管。The two-way voltage regulator diode ZD is replaced by a one-way voltage regulator diode.
基于摩擦纳米发电机的高灵敏度瞬时自供电传感***的工作原理如下：The working principle of the high-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered sensing system based on triboelectric nanogenerator is as follows:
摩擦纳米发电机1作为电源为发射模块3供电，发射模块3将每一个由摩擦纳米发电机1产生的脉冲信号转换为携带传感信息的震荡信号无线发射出去，信号的频率由发射模块3的电容C1、电感L1决定。The friction nanogenerator 1 serves as a power supply for the transmission module 3. The transmission module 3 converts each pulse signal generated by the friction nanogenerator 1 into an oscillating signal carrying sensing information and transmits it wirelessly. The frequency of the signal is determined by the frequency of the transmission module 3. Capacitance C1, inductance L1 decides.
在特殊设计的控制器2的控制下，控制器2实时采集接收摩擦纳米发电机1的输出信号，Under the control of the specially designed controller 2, the controller 2 collects and receives the output signal of the friction nanogenerator 1 in real time,
当摩擦纳米发电机1的输出信号的电压达到预设阈值时，则认为摩擦纳米发电机1的输出信号的电压最大时，控制器2向MOS管的栅极发送导通信号，使得MOS管导通，摩擦纳米发电机1为发射模块3瞬时供电，能量注入到LC震荡器中。整个供电持续时间非常短，具体实施在100ns左右，在供电结束后发射模块3内产生震荡信号。When the voltage of the output signal of the friction nanogenerator 1 reaches the preset threshold value, it is considered that the voltage of the output signal of the friction nanogenerator 1 is the maximum, and the controller 2 sends a conduction signal to the grid of the MOS tube, so that the MOS tube conducts Through, the triboelectric nanogenerator 1 supplies power to the transmitting module 3 instantaneously, and the energy is injected into the LC oscillator. The duration of the entire power supply is very short, specifically about 100 ns, and an oscillating signal is generated in the transmitting module 3 after the power supply ends.
在震荡信号持续震荡的过程中，控制器2已经向MOS管的栅极发送断开信号，摩擦纳米发电机1在MOS管和二极管D1的共同作用下与发射模块3断开连接。控制器2不会影响发射模块3产生的震荡信号的频率和振幅，且控制器2中的稳压二极管ZD使得发射信号的初始幅值恒定。During the continuous oscillation of the oscillating signal, the controller 2 has sent a disconnection signal to the gate of the MOS transistor, and the triboelectric nanogenerator 1 is disconnected from the transmitting module 3 under the joint action of the MOS transistor and the diode D1. The controller 2 does not affect the frequency and amplitude of the oscillating signal generated by the transmitting module 3, and the Zener diode ZD in the controller 2 keeps the initial amplitude of the transmitting signal constant.
在没有稳压二极管ZD的情况下，发射信号的初始幅值与摩擦纳米发电机的输出电压幅值成正比。In the absence of Zener diode ZD, the initial amplitude of the transmitted signal is proportional to the output voltage amplitude of the triboelectric nanogenerator.
当发射模块3中的R1替换为电阻型压力传感器时，压力的变化使得R1电阻值也随之改变，从而对发射信号进行振幅调制。When the R1 in the transmitting module 3 is replaced by a resistive pressure sensor, the change of pressure causes the resistance value of R1 to change accordingly, thereby performing amplitude modulation on the transmitting signal.
当发射模块3中的C1或L1替换为电容型或电感型压力传感器时，压力的变化使得C1或L1发生改变，从而对发射信号进行频率调制。When C1 or L1 in the transmitting module 3 is replaced by a capacitive or inductive pressure sensor, changes in pressure will cause changes in C1 or L1, thereby performing frequency modulation on the transmitting signal.
发射信号的具体产生过程如下：The specific generation process of the transmitted signal is as follows:
发射模块3产生震荡信号的过程可分为两个阶段：The process of generating the oscillating signal by the transmitting module 3 can be divided into two stages:
一是充电阶段，二是震荡阶段。One is the charging stage, and the other is the shock stage.
在充电阶段，发射模块3中的两个储能元件——电感L1和电容C1都将从摩擦纳米发电机1中获取能量。在充电结束时，控制器2与发射模块3断开连接。随后，在电容器C1和电感器L1中的初始能量的激励下，发射模块3产生震荡信号。由于电感L1和电容C1并联连接，因此它们两端的电压相同。In the charging phase, the two energy storage elements in the transmitting module 3 —— the inductor L1 and the capacitor C1 will both obtain energy from the triboelectric nanogenerator 1 . At the end of charging, the controller 2 is disconnected from the transmitting module 3 . Subsequently, under the excitation of the initial energy in the capacitor C1 and the inductor L1, the transmitting module 3 generates an oscillating signal. Since inductor L1 and capacitor C1 are connected in parallel, the voltage across them is the same.
图2给出了控制信号Vctl(MOS管Q1的G-S电压)和L1和C1两端的电压VLC的波形，其中t1和t2是充电时间段，t3是震荡时间段。在t＝0时刻，摩擦纳米发电机输出的脉冲电压达到最大值并被峰值电压检测 器检测到。此时，峰值电压检测器输出高电平，从而导通MOS管Q1。Figure 2 shows the waveforms of control signal Vctl (G-S voltage of MOS transistor Q1) and voltage VLC across L1 and C1, where t1 and t2 are charging time periods, and t3 is oscillation time period. At time t=0, the pulse voltage output by the triboelectric nanogenerator reaches the maximum value and is detected by the peak voltage detector. At this time, the peak voltage detector outputs a high level, thereby turning on the MOS transistor Q1.
随后，摩擦纳米发电机给发射模块3中的RLC谐振腔充电，VLC急剧上升，如图2中t1时间段所示。在双向稳压二极管的作用下，当VLC增加到50V时就趋于稳定(本实施例中的齐纳二极管稳压电压为VZD＝50V)，如图2中的t2时间段所示。在t＝t1+t2时刻(本实施例中t1+t2＝250ns)，控制信号Vctl由高电平变为低电平，MOS管Q1关闭，RLC谐振腔开始产生震荡信号，如图2中的t3时间段所示。在震荡阶段，无论RLC谐振腔的电压是正还是负，二极管D1和MOS管Q1中总有一个处于关断状态，因此控制器2相当于与发射模块3断开。所以摩擦纳米发电机1和控制器2对发射模块3产生的震荡信号没有影响。在整个过程中所有模块都是由摩擦纳米发电机供电，没有额外的电源。Subsequently, the triboelectric nanogenerator charges the RLC resonant cavity in the transmitting module 3, and the VLC rises sharply, as shown in the time period t1 in FIG. 2 . Under the action of the bidirectional Zener diode, when VLC increases to 50V, it tends to be stable (the voltage of the Zener diode in this embodiment is VZD=50V), as shown in the time period t2 in FIG. 2 . At t=t1+t2 moment (t1+t2=250ns in the present embodiment), control signal Vctl changes from high level to low level, MOS transistor Q1 is closed, and RLC resonant cavity starts to produce the oscillating signal, as shown in Figure 2 t3 time period is shown. In the oscillating stage, no matter whether the voltage of the RLC resonant cavity is positive or negative, one of the diode D1 and the MOS transistor Q1 is always in an off state, so the controller 2 is equivalent to being disconnected from the transmitting module 3 . Therefore, the triboelectric nanogenerator 1 and the controller 2 have no influence on the oscillating signal generated by the transmitting module 3 . All modules are powered by triboelectric nanogenerators during the whole process, without additional power supply.
将发射模块3中的R1替换为电阻型压力传感器，电阻R1随压力的变化而变化，从而对发射信号进行振幅调制。图3(a)、图3(b)、图3(c)所示为不同R1值对应的发射信号波形，其中横坐标为时间，纵坐标为电压。从图中可以看出R1越小，发射信号衰减速度越快。将发射模块3中的L1替换为电感型压力传感器，电感L1随压力的变化而变化，从而对发射信号进行频率调制。图4所示为不同电感值情况下得发射信号的频谱图，其中横轴为频率，纵轴为幅值。从图中可以看出电感值越大，发射信号的频率越低。The R1 in the transmitting module 3 is replaced with a resistive pressure sensor, and the resistance R1 changes with the change of the pressure, so as to modulate the amplitude of the transmitting signal. Figure 3(a), Figure 3(b), and Figure 3(c) show the transmitted signal waveforms corresponding to different R1 values, where the abscissa is time and the ordinate is voltage. It can be seen from the figure that the smaller R1 is, the faster the transmit signal decays. The L1 in the transmitting module 3 is replaced by an inductive pressure sensor, and the inductance L1 changes with the change of the pressure, thereby performing frequency modulation on the transmitting signal. FIG. 4 shows the frequency spectrum of the transmitted signal under different inductance values, where the horizontal axis is the frequency and the vertical axis is the amplitude. It can be seen from the figure that the larger the inductance value, the lower the frequency of the transmitted signal.
以上对本发明所提供的基于摩擦纳米发电机的高灵敏度无线传感***进行了介绍。并且结合附图，进一步阐述了本发明。以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明的原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。The high-sensitivity wireless sensor system based on the triboelectric nanogenerator provided by the present invention has been introduced above. And in conjunction with accompanying drawing, further set forth the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention .

Claims (9)

  1. 一种摩擦纳米发电机高灵敏度瞬时自供电传感***，其特征在于：主要由摩擦纳米发电机(1)、控制器(2)、发射模块(3)和接收模块(4)依次组成；所述摩擦纳米发电机(1)的两个输出端直接连接控制器(2)的两个输入端；控制器(2)的两个输出端分别连接到发射模块(3)的两个输入端，发射模块(3)和接收模块(4)无线连接。A high-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered sensing system for a friction nanogenerator, characterized in that it is mainly composed of a friction nanogenerator (1), a controller (2), a transmitting module (3) and a receiving module (4); The two output ends of the friction nanogenerator (1) are directly connected to the two input ends of the controller (2); the two output ends of the controller (2) are respectively connected to the two input ends of the transmitting module (3), The transmitting module (3) and the receiving module (4) are wirelessly connected.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的摩擦纳米发电机高灵敏度瞬时自供电传感***，其特征在于：所述控制器(2)包含峰值电压检测器PVD、二极管D1、双向稳压二极管ZD和MOS管Q1；峰值电压检测器PVD两端连接在控制器(2)的两个输入端之间，峰值电压检测器PVD的输出端Vctl和MOS管Q1的栅极连接，MOS管Q1的源极和峰值电压检测器PVD一端连接并接地，MOS管Q1的漏极依次经双向稳压二极管ZD、二极管D1后和峰值电压检测器PVD另一端连接，双向稳压二极管ZD的两端输出作为控制器(2)的两个输出端。The high-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered sensor system of friction nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the controller (2) includes a peak voltage detector PVD, a diode D1, a bidirectional voltage regulator diode ZD and a MOS transistor Q1 ; Both ends of the peak voltage detector PVD are connected between the two input terminals of the controller (2), the output terminal Vctl of the peak voltage detector PVD is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q1, and the source and peak voltage of the MOS transistor Q1 One end of the detector PVD is connected and grounded, the drain of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the other end of the peak voltage detector PVD through the bidirectional Zener diode ZD and diode D1 in turn, and the output of both ends of the bidirectional Zener diode ZD is used as the controller (2) of the two outputs.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的摩擦纳米发电机高灵敏度瞬时自供电传感***，其特征在于：所述发射模块为一个由电阻R1、电感L1、电容C1组成的RLC谐振腔，具体采用电阻R1、电感L1和电容C1三者串联结构，或者电阻R1、电感L1和电容C1三者并联结构，或者电感L1和电容C1串联结构，或者电感L1和电容C1并联结构。The high-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered sensing system of friction nanogenerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: the transmitting module is an RLC resonant cavity composed of resistance R1, inductance L1, and capacitance C1, and specifically adopts resistance R1, The inductor L1 and the capacitor C1 are connected in series, or the resistor R1, the inductor L1 and the capacitor C1 are connected in parallel, or the inductor L1 and the capacitor C1 are connected in series, or the inductor L1 and the capacitor C1 are connected in parallel.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的摩擦纳米发电机高灵敏度瞬时自供电传感***，起特征在于：所述的电阻R1为电阻型传感器，或者电感L1为电感型传感器，或者电容C1为电容型传感器。The high-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered sensing system of the triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the resistor R1 is a resistive sensor, or the inductor L1 is an inductive sensor, or the capacitor C1 is a capacitive sensor.
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的摩擦纳米发电机高灵敏度瞬时自供电传感***，其特征在于：所述接收模块采用一个电感L2、或者电阻R1、电感L1和电容C1三者串联结构，或者电阻R1、电感L1和电容C1三者并联结构。The high-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered sensor system of friction nanogenerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: the receiving module adopts an inductance L2, or a series structure of resistor R1, inductor L1 and capacitor C1, or a resistor R1 , the inductance L1 and the capacitance C1 are connected in parallel.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的摩擦纳米发电机高灵敏度瞬时自供电传感***，其特征在于：所述的控制器(2)和发射模块(3)均由摩擦纳米发电机供电，没有额外的电源。The frictional nanogenerator high-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered sensor system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the controller (2) and the transmitting module (3) are powered by the frictional nanogenerator without additional power supply .
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的摩擦纳米发电机高灵敏度瞬时自供电传感系 统，其特征在于：所述控制器(2)的双向稳压二极管ZD替换为单向稳压二极管，单向稳压二极管正向输入端接MOS管Q1的漏极，反向输入端接二极管D1的反向输入端。The high-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered sensor system of friction nanogenerator according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the two-way voltage regulator diode ZD of described controller (2) is replaced by the one-way voltage regulator diode, one-way voltage regulator diode The forward input terminal is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor Q1, and the reverse input terminal is connected to the reverse input terminal of the diode D1.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的摩擦纳米发电机高灵敏度瞬时自供电传感***，其特征在于：还包括一个射频发射模块，在发射模块和接收模块均设置连接射频发射模块，发射模块的射频发射模块将发射模块产生的震荡信号通过射频的方式发射出去，并被接收模块的射频发射模块接收。The high-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered sensing system of friction nanogenerator according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise a radio frequency transmitting module, all arrange and connect the radio frequency transmitting module at transmitting module and receiving module, the radio frequency transmitting module of transmitting module The oscillating signal generated by the transmitting module is transmitted by radio frequency and received by the radio frequency transmitting module of the receiving module.
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的摩擦纳米发电机高灵敏度瞬时自供电传感***，其特征在于：还包括一个激光发射模块，在发射模块和接收模块均设置连接激光发射模块，发射模块的激光发射模块将发射模块产生的震荡信号通过激光的方式无线发射出去，并被接收模块的激光发射模块接收。The high-sensitivity instantaneous self-powered sensor system of friction nanogenerator according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise a laser emission module, all arrange and connect laser emission module in emission module and receiving module, the laser emission module of emission module The oscillating signal generated by the transmitting module is transmitted wirelessly by laser, and is received by the laser transmitting module of the receiving module.
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