CN113917569B - Rain gauge - Google Patents
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- CN113917569B CN113917569B CN202111104715.8A CN202111104715A CN113917569B CN 113917569 B CN113917569 B CN 113917569B CN 202111104715 A CN202111104715 A CN 202111104715A CN 113917569 B CN113917569 B CN 113917569B
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011895 specific detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/04—Friction generators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rain gauge, which is characterized in that a friction nano generator is introduced, so that the friction nano generator can collect energy of raindrops and convert the energy into a first electric signal and a second electric signal, an energy management module can determine a power supply signal through processing the first electric signal, a signal processing module can normally work under the drive of the power supply signal, and meanwhile, the signal processing module can determine rainfall information according to the second electric signal; therefore, by introducing the friction nano generator, the energy of the raindrops can be collected to be changed into electric energy to supply power for the normal operation of the rain gauge, and meanwhile, the sensing of the rain gauge can be realized, the self-driving design of the rain gauge is realized, the dependence on a short-service-life battery is solved, the maintenance cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the environmental pollution is avoided.
Description
The present application claims priority from the chinese patent office, application number 202111025414.6, chinese patent publication entitled "self-driven smart rain gauge," filed on month 02 of 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sensing, in particular to a rain gauge.
Background
Rain gauges are important devices for rain monitoring, often operating in unattended environments, requiring a long service life. At present, the working principle of the conventional rain gauge mainly comprises a siphon type, a weighing type and a tipping bucket type, and the mechanical structure of the conventional rain gauge is often complex. In addition, the electronic devices in the rain gauge are mainly powered by short-life batteries, so that maintenance cost and environmental pollution are greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides the rain gauge, and the friction nano generator is introduced, so that the energy of rain drops can be collected to be changed into electric energy to supply power for the normal operation of the rain gauge, meanwhile, the sensing of the rain gauge can be realized, the self-driving design of the rain gauge is realized, the dependence on a short-service-life battery is solved, the maintenance cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the environmental pollution is avoided.
The embodiment of the invention provides a rain gauge, which comprises: the device comprises a friction nano generator, an energy management module and a signal processing module;
The friction nano generator comprises an energy output end and a signal output end, and is used for: when raindrops drop on the friction nano generator, outputting a first electric signal through the energy output end and outputting a second electric signal through the signal output end;
the energy management module is respectively and electrically connected with the energy output end and the signal processing module, and the energy management module is used for: processing the first electric signal to obtain a power supply signal, and transmitting the power supply signal to the signal processing module;
The signal processing module is also electrically connected with the signal output end, and is used for: and under the drive of the power supply signal, analyzing the second electric signal to determine rainfall information.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
According to the rain gauge provided by the embodiment of the invention, the friction nano generator is introduced, so that the friction nano generator can collect energy of raindrops and convert the energy into the first electric signal and the second electric signal, the energy management module can determine a power supply signal through processing the first electric signal, the signal processing module can work normally under the drive of the power supply signal, and meanwhile, the signal processing module can determine rainfall information according to the second electric signal; therefore, by introducing the friction nano generator, the energy of the raindrops can be collected to be changed into electric energy to supply power for the normal operation of the rain gauge, and meanwhile, the sensing of the rain gauge can be realized, the self-driving design of the rain gauge is realized, the dependence on a short-service-life battery is solved, the maintenance cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the environmental pollution is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rain gauge according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a friction nano-generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction N1-N2 in FIG. 2;
Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a friction nano-generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of electrical connection relationships of a plurality of first sub-friction nano-generators provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an energy management module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of a signal processing module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of another rain gauge provided in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of a first electrical signal versus rain provided in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an operational state of a rain gauge provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged partial schematic view within the dashed box 1 in FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is an enlarged partial schematic view within the dashed box 2 of FIG. 10;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged partial schematic view within the dashed box 3 in FIG. 10;
fig. 14 is a schematic view of a rainfall result detected by a rainfall gauge provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
The device comprises a 10-friction nano generator, a 11-first sub-friction nano generator, a 11 a-first electrode structure, a 11 b-first friction structure, a 12-second sub-friction nano generator, a 12 a-second electrode structure, a 12 b-second friction structure, a 13-substrate, a 14-first diode, a 20-energy management module, a 21-voltage management unit, a 22-storage unit, a 23-voltage stabilizing unit, a 30-signal processing module, a 31-voltage allocation unit, a 32-control unit, a 40-raindrop, a 50-signal transmission module, a 60-external device, a Y1-energy output end, a Y2-signal output end, a G1-first output electrode, a G2-second output electrode, a G3-third output electrode and a G4-fourth output electrode.
Detailed Description
A specific implementation of a rain gauge according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a rain gauge, as shown in fig. 1, may include: a friction nano-generator 10, an energy management module 20, and a signal processing module 30;
The friction nano-generator 10 includes an energy output end Y1 and a signal output end Y2, and the friction nano-generator 10 is configured to: when the raindrops 40 drop on the friction nano generator 10, the first electric signal S1 is output through the energy output end Y1, and the second electric signal S2 is output through the signal output end Y2;
The energy management module 20 is electrically connected to the energy output terminal Y1 and the signal processing module 30, and the energy management module 20 is configured to: processing the first electric signal S1 to obtain a power supply signal U0, and transmitting the power supply signal U0 to the signal processing module 30;
the signal processing module 30 is further electrically connected to the signal output end Y2, and the signal processing module 30 is configured to: the second electrical signal S2 is analyzed to determine rainfall information under the driving of the power supply signal U0.
Therefore, by introducing the friction nano generator, the friction nano generator can collect the energy of raindrops and convert the energy into the first electric signal and the second electric signal, the energy management module can determine the power supply signal through processing the first electric signal, the signal processing module can work normally under the drive of the power supply signal, and meanwhile, the signal processing module can determine the rainfall information according to the second electric signal; therefore, by introducing the friction nano generator, the energy of the raindrops can be collected to be changed into electric energy to supply power for the normal operation of the rain gauge, and meanwhile, the sensing of the rain gauge can be realized, the self-driving design of the rain gauge is realized, the dependence on a short-service-life battery is solved, the maintenance cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the environmental pollution is avoided.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the friction nano generator further includes: the first sub-friction nano-generator and the second sub-friction nano-generator;
The first sub-friction nano generator is electrically connected with the energy output end and is used for: generating a first electrical signal when raindrops drop on the first sub-friction nano-generator;
The second sub-friction nano generator is electrically connected with the signal output end and is used for: when raindrops drop on the second sub-friction nano-generator, a second electrical signal is generated.
Therefore, the first electric signal can be output through the first sub-friction nano generator, the second electric signal can be output through the second sub-friction nano generator, and mutual interference between the two electric signals is avoided, so that self-driving design and detection of rainfall information are facilitated.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, the first sub-friction nano-generator and the second sub-friction nano-generator are both of a single electrode structure.
That is, the first sub-friction nano-generator and the second sub-friction nano-generator may be used as one side of friction electrification and the raindrops may be used as the other side of friction electrification; therefore, the structure of the first sub-friction nano generator and the second sub-friction nano generator can be simplified, and the volume and the mass of the first sub-friction nano generator and the second sub-friction nano generator are reduced, so that the portable design of the rain gauge is realized.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the first sub-friction nano-generator (e.g., small square within the dashed box Q1) includes: a first electrode structure 11a and a first friction structure 11b arranged in a stacked manner; the second friction nano-generator (as small squares within the dashed box Q2) comprises: a second electrode structure 12a and a second friction structure 12b arranged in a stacked manner;
when raindrops drop on the surface of the first friction structure 11b, the first electrode structure 11a outputs a first electric signal;
when the raindrops drop onto the surface of the second friction structure 12b, the second electrode structure 12a outputs a second electric signal.
Therefore, through the structural design of the first sub-friction nano generator and the second sub-friction nano generator, the first sub-friction nano generator and the second sub-friction nano generator with the single electrode structure can be realized, and the portable design of the rain gauge is realized.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the first sub-friction nano-generator is provided with a plurality of sub-friction nano-generators and is arranged in an array; the second sub-friction nano generators are arranged in an array;
As shown in fig. 3, the friction nano-generator further comprises a base plate 13, and the first sub-friction nano-generator 11 and the second sub-friction nano-generator 12 are arranged in different areas on the same surface of the base plate 13;
The first friction structure in each first sub-friction nano-generator and the second friction structure in each second sub-friction nano-generator are an integral structure, as shown in fig. 4.
Wherein, in fig. 2, each small square in the area indicated by the dashed box Q1 represents each first sub-friction nano-generator, and each small square in the area indicated by the dashed box Q2 represents each second sub-friction nano-generator.
Of course, the division manner of the region where the first sub-friction nano-generator is located (for convenience of explanation, denoted by Q1 below) and the region where the second sub-friction nano-generator is located (for convenience of explanation, denoted by Q2 below) is not limited to that shown in fig. 2, but may be configured in other forms, for example, but not limited to: q1 is a circle, Q2 is a ring shape surrounding Q1, Q1 and Q2 are in the form of a checkerboard, etc., and may be set as needed, and are not limited thereto.
Also, in fig. 2, in order to make it possible to clearly see the first electrode structures located under the first friction structures, and the second electrode structures located under the second friction structures, only a part of the first friction structures and a part of the second friction structures are shown in the drawing, and in actual cases, each first electrode structure surface is covered with the first friction structures, and each second electrode structure surface is covered with the second friction structures.
Further, in fig. 2, although a gap is not shown between each of the small blocks, in a practical case, a gap (e.g., h 1) may be provided between each of the small blocks, as shown in the partially enlarged schematic view of fig. 3.
Therefore, the first sub-friction nano generators and the second sub-friction nano generators are arranged in an array, so that a plurality of first sub-friction nano generators and a plurality of second sub-friction nano generators are formed, the first sub-friction nano generators contacted with raindrops can effectively output first electric signals due to the fact that the general size of the raindrops is smaller, the second sub-friction nano generators contacted with the raindrops can effectively output second electric signals, and the accuracy and precision of the detection of the rainfall information are improved while the detection of the rainfall information is realized.
When the first friction structure in each first sub-friction nano-generator and the second friction structure in each second sub-friction nano-generator are arranged as an integrated structure (hereinafter referred to as friction structure), the first electrode structure array and the second electrode structure array can be manufactured on the substrate respectively, and then one friction structure is continuously manufactured, so that the friction structure can cover all the first electrode structures and all the second electrode structures, and the functions of the first sub-friction nano-generator and the second sub-friction nano-generator can be realized.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, if the friction structure is made of a material having a packaging function (for example, but not limited to polyvinylidene fluoride (i.e., PVDF), and the material may be specifically selected according to actual needs, and is not limited herein), packaging of the first electrode structure and the second electrode structure may be further implemented through the friction structure, so that the first electrode structure and the second electrode structure are protected, and the first electrode structure and the second electrode structure are prevented from being influenced by the outside, thereby improving reliability and service life of the rain gauge.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode structure and the second electrode structure may be made of conductive materials, for example, but not limited to, metal copper, which may be specifically selected according to actual needs, and is not limited herein.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, the first sub-friction nano-generator further comprises a plurality of first diodes, and the second sub-friction nano-generator further comprises a plurality of second diodes;
The first diodes are in one-to-one correspondence with the first electrode structures and are connected in series, and the second diodes are in one-to-one correspondence with the second electrode structures and are connected in series.
As shown in fig. 5, the connection relationship between the first sub-friction nano-generators is illustrated as an example, and the connection relationship between the second sub-friction nano-generators is similar to the connection relationship between the first sub-friction nano-generators, which is not described in detail herein.
In fig. 5, the number of the first sub-friction nano generators is m×n, and part of the first sub-friction nano generators are connected in series and then in parallel; each first sub-friction nano-generator comprises a first diode 14, and the first diodes 14 and the first electrode structures 11a are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence and connected in series;
In one point, the block denoted by 11b in fig. 5 represents the integral structure of the first friction structures 11b corresponding to the plurality of first electrode structures 11 a.
Therefore, through the arrangement of the first diode and the second diode, the transmission direction of current in the first sub-friction nano generator and the second sub-friction nano generator can be limited, and the disorder of signals output by the total output end after the first sub-friction nano generators are connected is avoided, so that the total output end outputs effective first electric signals after the first sub-friction nano generators are connected; likewise, the disorder of signals output by the total output end after the second sub-friction nano generators are connected can be avoided, so that the effective second electric signals are output by the total output end after the second sub-friction nano generators are connected, and the detection of rainfall information is finally facilitated.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the substrate may be, but is not limited to, a PCB board.
So, can realize first diode, second diode, first electrode and second electrode each other through the PCB board and be connected, can also form the support to first sub-friction nanometer generator and second sub-friction nanometer generator simultaneously, and then can collect the energy of raindrop, convert into first electrical signal and second electrical signal respectively, realize the detection of rainfall information when realizing the self-driven design.
Of course, alternatively, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first friction structure in each first sub-friction nano-generator and the second friction structure in each second sub-friction nano-generator may be configured as non-integral structures, that is, instead of covering the whole layer of friction structure on the surface of the electrode array (including the first electrode structure array and the second electrode structure array) as in fig. 4, corresponding friction structures (as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3) are manufactured on the surface of each electrode (including the first electrode structure and the second electrode structure) respectively, so that the flexibility of design is improved, and meanwhile, the requirements of different application scenarios can be satisfied.
And, optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first sub-friction nano-generator and the second sub-friction nano-generator are of a double electrode structure (not shown), where the structure of the first sub-friction nano-generator is taken as an example:
the first sub-friction nano-generator comprises: the friction structure a and the friction structure B are oppositely arranged, and the friction structure a may include: the electrode layer and the friction layer provided in the stack, the friction structure B may include: an electrode layer and a friction layer which are laminated; when raindrops drop on the first sub-friction nano generator, the friction layer in the friction structure A is contacted with and separated from the friction layer in the friction structure B, and a first electric signal is output through the electrode layer in the friction structure A and the electrode layer in the friction structure B;
Or the first sub-friction nano-generator comprises: the friction structure a and the friction structure B are oppositely arranged, and the friction structure a may include: the electrode layer, the friction structure B may include: an electrode layer and a friction layer which are laminated; when raindrops drop on the first sub-friction nano generator, the electrode layer in the friction structure A is contacted with and separated from the friction layer in the friction structure B, and a first electric signal is output through the electrode layer in the friction structure A and the electrode layer in the friction structure B;
Still or the first sub-friction nano-generator comprises: the friction structure a and the friction structure B are oppositely arranged, and the friction structure a may include: the electrode layer and the friction layer provided in the stack, the friction structure B may include: an electrode layer; when raindrops drop to the first sub-friction nano-generator, the friction layer in the friction structure A is contacted with and separated from the electrode layer in the friction structure B, and a first electric signal is output through the electrode layer in the friction structure A and the electrode layer in the friction structure B.
The structural arrangement of the second sub-friction nano-generator may be similar to that of the first sub-friction nano-generator, and specific reference is made to the above, and will not be described in detail herein.
And optionally, when the first sub-friction nano-generator and the second sub-friction nano-generator are both in a double-electrode structure, the specific arrangement (including the number of the arrangement, the connection relationship, whether the corresponding diode is arranged, the arrangement of the friction layer, etc.) of the first sub-friction nano-generator and the second sub-friction nano-generator may still be the same as that of the single-electrode structure, and the specific description thereof will not be repeated.
In summary, in the implementation, the structures of the first sub-friction nano-generator and the second sub-friction nano-generator can be selected to be set to be a single-electrode structure or a double-electrode structure according to actual needs so as to meet the needs of different application scenes.
Alternatively, in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, the energy management module 20 includes: a voltage management unit 21, a storage unit 22, and a voltage stabilizing unit 23;
the voltage management unit 21 is electrically connected to the energy output terminal Y1, the storage unit 22, and the voltage stabilizing unit 23, and the voltage management unit 21 is configured to: the first electric signal S1 is subjected to depressurization processing, so that a low-voltage direct current signal is obtained and is transmitted to the storage unit 22 and the voltage stabilizing unit 23 respectively;
the storage unit 22 is further electrically connected to the voltage stabilizing unit 23, and the storage unit 22 is configured to: under the control of the voltage stabilizing unit 23, storing electric energy according to the low-voltage direct current signal;
The voltage stabilizing unit 23 is further electrically connected to the signal processing module 30, and the voltage stabilizing unit 23 is configured to: the electric energy (i.e. the storage voltage Us) stored in the storage unit 22 is controlled, and the low-voltage direct-current signal is stabilized, so as to obtain a power supply signal (i.e. U0) and transmit the power supply signal to the signal processing module 30.
Therefore, through the arrangement of the voltage management unit, the storage unit and the voltage stabilizing unit, the first electric signal can be converted into the power supply signal, so that the signal processing module can work normally according to the power supply signal, the normal work of the signal processing module is realized to provide electric energy, the self-driven design is realized, and meanwhile, the detection of rainfall information is realized.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, the voltage management unit 21 includes: the first capacitor C1, the first voltage stabilizer W1, the thyristor SCR, the third diode D3 and the inductor L; the storage unit 22 includes: a second capacitor C2; the voltage stabilizing unit 23 includes: a switch k and a second voltage regulator W2;
the energy output end Y1 comprises a first output electrode G1 and a second output electrode G2;
the first end of the first capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the first output electrode G1, the positive electrode of the third diode D3, the first end of the second capacitor C2, the input end of the second voltage regulator W2, and the signal processing module 30, and the second end of the first capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the second output electrode G2, the input end of the thyristor SCR, and the output end of the first voltage regulator W1;
The cathode of the third diode D3 is electrically connected with the output end of the thyristor SCR, the input end of the first voltage stabilizer W1 and the first end of the inductor L respectively;
The second end of the inductor L is electrically connected with the second end of the second capacitor C2 and the first end of the switch k respectively;
The second terminal of the switch k is electrically connected to the output terminal of the second voltage regulator W2 and the signal processing module 30, respectively.
The first electric signal output by the energy output end can be a high-voltage signal, and the high-voltage signal can be an alternating current signal or a direct current signal, but after the processing of the thyristor SCR, the direct current signal can be formed.
Specifically, when the voltage Ui of the first capacitor C1 reaches the regulated value of the first regulator W1, the thyristor SCR may be turned on, and the energy stored in the first capacitor C1 may be temporarily stored in the inductor L along with the disengagement of the first regulator W1;
When the thyristor SCR is turned off, the temporarily stored energy in the inductor L can be transferred to the second capacitor C2 with the first voltage stabilizer W1 being opened;
As the thyristor SCR continues to operate, the high voltage signal output by the energy output terminal Y1 can be effectively stored in the second capacitor C2.
And, the storage voltage Us can be controlled by the second voltage stabilizer W2, once the storage voltage Us reaches the set value, the switch k is turned on, and the power supply signal U0 is pulled up from zero to a stable voltage, so that the first electric signal S1 output by the energy output terminal Y1 can be converted into the stable storage voltage Us and the power supply signal U0.
Therefore, through the combined use of the elements, the functions of the voltage management unit, the storage unit and the voltage stabilizing unit can be respectively realized, and the first electric signal is further converted into the power supply signal, so that the signal processing module can work normally according to the power supply signal, the normal work of the signal processing module is realized to provide electric energy, the self-driven design is realized, and meanwhile, the detection of rainfall information is realized.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the energy management module is further configured to: determining a storage voltage (i.e., the electric energy stored by the storage unit 22, i.e., us, mentioned above) from the first electric signal, and transmitting the storage voltage to the signal processing module; wherein the power supply signal is: determining according to the storage voltage;
The signal processing module is also used for:
the frequency of analyzing the second electrical signal is determined based on the magnitude of the stored voltage.
Specifically, the frequency may be set to P1 when the storage voltage is in the first preset range, and the frequency may be set to P2 when the storage voltage is in the second preset range; wherein the higher the storage voltage, the greater the frequency.
For example, when the storage voltage is greater than 3.0V, the frequency may be set to 4 minutes; the frequency may be set to 10 minutes when the storage voltage is 2.7V to 3.0V.
Of course, the specific setting of the storage voltage and frequency may be set according to actual needs, and is not limited herein.
That is, when the signal processing module determines the rainfall information, the frequency of analyzing the second electrical signal may be determined according to the magnitude of the stored voltage, so as to determine the determining frequency of the rainfall information, that is, how often the rainfall information is determined.
Therefore, energy can be saved, consumption of electric energy stored in the energy management module is reduced, the service time of the rain gauge is prolonged, and accordingly performance of the rain gauge is improved.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, the signal processing module 30 includes: a voltage deployment unit 31 and a control unit 32;
The voltage allocating unit 31 is electrically connected to the signal output end Y2 and the control unit 32, and the voltage allocating unit 31 is configured to: converting the second electrical signal S2 into a voltage signal and transmitting the voltage signal to the control unit 32;
The control unit 32 is also electrically connected to the energy management module 20, the control unit 32 being configured to: under the drive of the power supply signal U0, the voltage signal is analyzed to determine rainfall information, and the frequency of the analysis of the voltage signal is determined according to the magnitude of the storage voltage Us.
Therefore, through the arrangement of the voltage allocation unit and the control unit, the second electric signal can be converted into the voltage signal which can be identified and analyzed by the control unit, the rainfall information is determined according to the voltage signal under the drive of the power supply signal, and meanwhile, the analyzed frequency is determined, so that the performance of the rain gauge is improved while the function of the rain gauge is realized.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, the voltage deployment unit 31 includes: a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and a third capacitor C3; the control unit 32 includes: a microprocessor;
the signal output end Y2 comprises a third output electrode G3 and a fourth output electrode G4;
The first end of the third capacitor C3 is respectively and electrically connected with the third output electrode G3 and the first end of the second resistor R2, and the second end of the third capacitor C3 is respectively and electrically connected with the fourth output electrode G4, the first end of the first resistor R1 and the microprocessor;
the second end of the first resistor R1 is respectively and electrically connected with the second end of the second resistor R2 and the microprocessor;
the microprocessor is also electrically connected to the energy management module 20.
The third capacitor C3 may perform a filtering function, and the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 may perform a voltage dividing function, so that the second electrical signal may be converted into a voltage signal for the microprocessor to process.
Therefore, through the combined use of the elements, the functions of the voltage allocation unit and the control unit can be respectively realized, the second electric signal is further converted into the voltage signal which can be identified and analyzed by the control unit, the rainfall information is determined according to the voltage signal under the driving of the power supply signal, and the analysis frequency is determined, so that the performance of the rainfall gauge is improved while the function of the rainfall gauge is realized.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8, the method further includes: a signal transmission module 50;
The signal transmission module 50 is electrically connected to the signal processing module 30, the energy management module 20 and the external device 60, respectively, and the signal transmission module 50 is configured to: the rainfall information is transmitted to the external device 60 under the drive of the power supply signal U0.
Therefore, the rainfall information can be transmitted to the external equipment, and is recorded, analyzed and arranged through the external equipment, so that more rainfall information is obtained, and effective reference data is provided for monitoring rainfall.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the external device may be a terminal device with rainfall analysis software, for example, but not limited to, a computer, a tablet, a mobile phone, etc., and may be selected according to actual needs, which is not limited herein.
And, optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the signal transmission module may include: a wireless transmission unit and/or a wired transmission unit;
The wireless transmission unit may, but is not limited to, a wireless transmission structure including bluetooth, etc., and may specifically be set according to actual needs, which is not limited herein.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the rain gauge may further include: a temperature and humidity detection module;
Wherein, temperature and humidity detection module can be connected with energy management module electricity for: and detecting the temperature and the humidity in the environment under the drive of the power supply signal.
In addition, in the embodiment of the invention, the rain gauge can have other auxiliary functions through improvement on the rain gauge.
For example, when the rain gauge is arranged on the detection rod of the reservoir, the water level in the reservoir can be detected through the impact of the water in the reservoir on the friction nano-generator (namely, the water exerts external force on the friction nano-generator so that the friction nano-generator can output an electric signal), thereby being used for monitoring the water level of the reservoir;
Or when the rain gauge comprises a temperature and humidity detection module, the temperature information detected by the temperature and humidity detection module can be used for monitoring forest fires;
or when the rain gauge comprises an acidity detection module, the acidity detection module is used for detecting the acidity and the signal processing module is used for determining the rainfall information, so that the rain gauge can be used for monitoring acid rain.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of some other auxiliary functions of the rain gauge, but the specific auxiliary functions of the rain gauge are not limited to the foregoing examples, and the rain gauge may be modified accordingly as needed.
It should be emphasized that, optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, the magnitude of the first electrical signal output by the first sub-friction nano-generator is positively correlated with the amount of rain (not shown) dropped onto the surface of the first sub-friction nano-generator, while the magnitude of the second electrical signal output by the second sub-friction nano-generator is positively correlated with the amount of rain (as shown in fig. 9) dropped onto the surface of the second sub-friction nano-generator, so in the embodiment of the present invention, the energy of the rain drops can be collected by the friction nano-generator, and the self-driving design of the rain gauge is realized while realizing the detection of the amount of rain.
In addition, in the embodiment of the invention, the friction nano generator can effectively convert the energy of raindrops into electric energy, and the unstable high-voltage signal output by the friction nano generator is converted into stable direct current through the functions of the voltage management unit, the storage unit and the voltage stabilizing unit in the energy management module, so that the application range of the friction nano generator is greatly improved.
Meanwhile, the voltage of the second electric signal is detected through the signal processing module, so that the sensing of the rainfall is realized, and the autonomous rainfall monitoring with high efficiency, stability and long endurance is realized.
In other words, in the embodiment of the invention, the raindrop energy can be converted into electric energy based on the working principle of the solid-liquid friction nano generator, and the raindrop energy conversion device can be applied to the comprehensive application field of combination of new energy and sensing.
The output signal of the friction nano generator can be divided into two paths, one path (namely a first electric signal) can collect and convert energy of raindrops, and the other path (namely a second electric signal) can determine rainfall information and realize rainfall sensing.
In addition, in the energy management module, through the conversion of the matching impedance and the output voltage of the first electric signal output by the energy output end of the friction nano generator, the high-voltage friction electricity (namely the first electric signal) can be converted into stable direct-current voltage (namely the power supply signal in the content), and the direct-current voltage can supply power for electronic devices such as the signal processing module, the signal transmission module and the like.
In addition, in the signal processing module, the sensing of the rainfall is realized by detecting the magnitude of an open-circuit voltage signal (namely a second electric signal) output by a signal end of the friction nano generator.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention realizes the capture of the energy of the raindrops and the sensing of the rainfall, and realizes the autonomous and intermittent monitoring of the rainfall information through intelligent regulation and control.
The working process of the rain gauge provided by the embodiment of the invention is described below by using a specific embodiment.
In connection with the structure shown in FIG. 8, the friction nano-generator is driven by dripping the rain amount of 5.1L/min, 4.2L/min and 0L/min on the surface of the friction nano-generator.
As shown in fig. 10, the working states of the rain gauge provided in the embodiment of the present invention may include: a charge on state (e.g., T1 in fig. 10), an autonomous operating state (e.g., T2 in fig. 10), a low energy storage sleep state (e.g., T3 in fig. 10), and a charge re-awake state (e.g., T4 in fig. 10).
1. Charge on state T1:
the voltage values of the storage voltage Us and the power supply signal U0 are both 0;
when the friction nano generator is driven by the rainfall of 5.1L/min, the first electric signal S1 generated by the energy output end Y1 is continuously stored in the second capacitor C2, so that the storage voltage Us can rise from 0 to 3.3V within 33 minutes, and meanwhile, the voltage value of the power supply signal U0 can be stabilized to 2.5V;
With the signal processing module 30 and the signal transmission module 50 turned on, the storage voltage Us is instantaneously reduced from 3.3V to 3.02V (as shown in the dashed line box in fig. 11), and the voltage value of the power supply signal U0 may be stabilized at 2.5V, as shown in fig. 11.
2. Autonomous operating state T2:
in this state, the microprocessor 32 may determine the frequency of the rainfall information according to the magnitude of the storage voltage Us, and transmit the rainfall information and the frequency of the storage voltage Us to the signal transmission module 50, so as to control the signal transmission module 50 to transmit the rainfall information and the frequency of the storage voltage Us to the external device 60, so that the external device may monitor the rainfall information and the storage voltage Us.
Wherein, when the friction nano generator is driven by the rainfall of 5.1L/min, the storage voltage Us can be kept above 3.0V, at this time: the rainfall information may be determined once every 4 minutes while the storage voltage Us and the rainfall information are transmitted once every 4 minutes so that the energy captured by the rain gauge and the energy consumed are balanced, as shown in fig. 12;
When the friction nano-generator is driven by a rainfall of 4.2L/min, the storage voltage Us can be kept between 2.7-3.0V, at this time: the rainfall information may be determined every 10 minutes while the storage voltage Us and the rainfall information are transmitted every 10 minutes so that the energy captured by the rain gauge and the energy consumed are balanced, as shown in fig. 13.
3. Low energy storage sleep state T3:
When the driving rainfall drops to 0L/min, the energy stored in the second capacitor C2 is continuously consumed without being replenished until the storage voltage Us drops to 2.5V, and when the voltage value of the power supply signal U0 drops to 0V, the rainfall turns to a low energy storage sleep state.
4. Charge re-wake state T4:
When the friction nano generator is driven by the rainfall of 5.1L/min again, the storage voltage Us can reach 3.3V again, the rainfall is awakened again at the moment, and the voltage value of the power supply signal U0 is restored to 2.5V again.
Thereafter, cycling between the autonomous operating state T2, the low energy storage sleep state T3, and the charge re-awake state T4 is continued.
Through the circulation among the states, the rain gauge can detect the rain amount, and a specific detection result is shown in fig. 14, wherein:
After the rain gauge is started, under the driving of the rainfall of 5.1L/min, the three times of testing are performed by adopting a determined frequency of 4 minutes, and the test results of the three times of data are respectively 5.1L/min, 4.9L/min and 5.1L/min, so that the test results of the three times are obviously more consistent with the actual driving rainfall;
when the driving rainfall is adjusted to 4.2L/min, the method adopts a determined frequency of 10 minutes, and is also tested for three times, and the test results of the three times of data are respectively 4.4L/min, 4.3L/min and 4.4L/min, so that the test results of the three times of data are obviously more consistent with the actual driving rainfall;
When the driving rainfall is regulated to 0L/min, the electric energy stored in the second capacitor C2 can be supplied to complete data test for two times, and the test results are respectively 0.2L/min and 0.1L/min, and obviously, the test results still coincide with the actual driving rainfall;
When the rain gauge enters a low energy storage sleep state, recharging is needed to wake up.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A rain gauge, comprising: the device comprises a friction nano generator, an energy management module and a signal processing module;
The friction nano generator comprises an energy output end and a signal output end, and is used for: when raindrops drop on the friction nano generator, outputting a first electric signal through the energy output end and outputting a second electric signal through the signal output end;
the energy management module is respectively and electrically connected with the energy output end and the signal processing module, and the energy management module is used for: processing the first electric signal to obtain a power supply signal, and transmitting the power supply signal to the signal processing module;
The signal processing module is also electrically connected with the signal output end, and is used for: under the drive of the power supply signal, analyzing the second electric signal to determine rainfall information;
the friction nano-generator further comprises: the first sub-friction nano-generator and the second sub-friction nano-generator; the first sub-friction nano generator and the second sub-friction nano generator are used as one side of friction electrification, and raindrops are used as the other side of the friction electrification;
The first sub-friction nano-generator is electrically connected with the energy output end and is used for: generating the first electrical signal when the raindrops drop the first sub-friction nano-generator;
the second sub-friction nano-generator is electrically connected with the signal output end and is used for: the second electrical signal is generated when the raindrops are dropped on the second sub-friction nano-generator.
2. The rain gauge of claim 1, wherein the first sub-friction nano-generator comprises: a first electrode structure and a first friction structure arranged in a stacked manner; the second sub-friction nano-generator includes: a second electrode structure and a second friction structure arranged in a stacked manner;
When the raindrops drop on the surface of the first friction structure, the first electrode structure outputs the first electric signal;
And when the raindrops drop on the surface of the second friction structure, the second electrode structure outputs the second electric signal.
3. The rain gauge of claim 2, wherein the first sub-friction nano-generator is provided in a plurality and in an array arrangement; the second sub-friction nano generators are arranged in an array mode;
The friction nano-generator further comprises a substrate, and the first sub-friction nano-generator and the second sub-friction nano-generator are arranged in different areas of the same surface of the substrate;
The first friction structure in each of the first sub-friction nano-generators and the second friction structure in each of the second sub-friction nano-generators are an integral structure.
4. The rain gauge of claim 3, wherein the first sub-friction nano-generator further comprises a plurality of first diodes, and the second sub-friction nano-generator further comprises a plurality of second diodes;
The first diodes are in one-to-one correspondence with the first electrode structures and are connected in series, and the second diodes are in one-to-one correspondence with the second electrode structures and are connected in series.
5. The rain gauge of claim 1, wherein the energy management module comprises: the voltage management unit, the storage unit and the voltage stabilizing unit;
The voltage management unit is respectively and electrically connected with the energy output end, the storage unit and the voltage stabilizing unit, and is used for: step-down processing is carried out on the first electric signal to obtain a low-voltage direct current signal, and the low-voltage direct current signal is transmitted to the storage unit and the voltage stabilizing unit respectively;
The storage unit is also electrically connected with the voltage stabilizing unit, and is used for: under the control of the voltage stabilizing unit, storing electric energy according to the low-voltage direct current signal;
The voltage stabilizing unit is also electrically connected with the signal processing module and is used for: and controlling the electric energy stored in the storage unit, performing voltage stabilization processing on the low-voltage direct current signal, obtaining the power supply signal and transmitting the power supply signal to the signal processing module.
6. The rain gauge of claim 5, wherein the voltage management unit comprises: the first capacitor, the first voltage stabilizer, the thyristor, the third diode and the inductor; the memory cell includes: a second capacitor; the voltage stabilizing unit includes: a switch and a second voltage regulator;
the energy output end comprises a first output electrode and a second output electrode;
The first end of the first capacitor is electrically connected with the first output pole, the positive pole of the third diode, the first end of the second capacitor, the input end of the second voltage stabilizer and the signal processing module respectively, and the second end of the first capacitor is electrically connected with the second output pole, the input end of the thyristor and the output end of the first voltage stabilizer respectively;
the negative electrode of the third diode is electrically connected with the output end of the thyristor, the input end of the first voltage stabilizer and the first end of the inductor respectively;
The second end of the inductor is electrically connected with the second end of the second capacitor and the first end of the switch respectively;
And the second end of the switch is electrically connected with the output end of the second voltage stabilizer and the signal processing module respectively.
7. The rain gauge of claim 1, wherein the energy management module is further to: determining a storage voltage according to the first electric signal, and transmitting the storage voltage to the signal processing module; wherein the power supply signal is: determining according to the storage voltage;
the signal processing module is further configured to:
And determining the frequency for analyzing the second electric signal according to the magnitude of the storage voltage.
8. The rain gauge of claim 7, wherein the signal processing module comprises: a voltage allocation unit and a control unit;
The voltage allocation unit is respectively and electrically connected with the signal output end and the control unit, and the voltage allocation unit is used for: converting the second electric signal into a voltage signal and transmitting the voltage signal to the control unit;
the control unit is also electrically connected with the energy management module, and the control unit is used for: and under the drive of the power supply signal, analyzing the voltage signal to determine the rainfall information, and determining the frequency of analyzing the voltage signal according to the magnitude of the stored voltage.
9. The rain gauge of claim 8, wherein the voltage deployment unit comprises: a first resistor, a second resistor and a third capacitor; the control unit includes: a microprocessor;
The signal output end comprises a third output electrode and a fourth output electrode;
The first end of the third capacitor is electrically connected with the third output electrode and the first end of the second resistor respectively, and the second end of the third capacitor is electrically connected with the fourth output electrode, the first end of the first resistor and the microprocessor respectively;
The second end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the second end of the second resistor and the microprocessor respectively;
the microprocessor is also electrically connected with the energy management module.
10. The rain gauge of any of claims 1-9, further comprising: a signal transmission module;
The signal transmission module is respectively and electrically connected with the signal processing module, the energy management module and the external equipment, and is used for: and transmitting the rainfall information to the external equipment under the driving of the power supply signal.
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