CN110063112A - A kind of greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping plantation good quality and high output fertilizing method - Google Patents

A kind of greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping plantation good quality and high output fertilizing method Download PDF

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CN110063112A
CN110063112A CN201910403120.9A CN201910403120A CN110063112A CN 110063112 A CN110063112 A CN 110063112A CN 201910403120 A CN201910403120 A CN 201910403120A CN 110063112 A CN110063112 A CN 110063112A
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humic acid
fertilizer
content
watermelon
organic
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CN110063112B (en
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常治河
李文圣
赵书光
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Nintaus Bio Chemical Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping to plant good quality and high output fertilizing method, including (1) bottom application high concentration balanced type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, the high potassium type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of high concentration and humic acid microelement organic fertilizer, (2) watermelon climbs the climing phase and imposes high concentration high nitrogen type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, (3) after watermelon children melon seat is steady, the high potassium type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of high concentration is imposed.Humic acid content height, dosage are big in bottom application fertilizer of the present invention, watermelon well developed root system, not prosperous growth, without spraying foliar fertilizer, per mu yield watermelon reaches 8000 kilograms, and sugar is 15-30% higher than Grafted Watermelon, and soil texture is effectively improved, soil ecology function is optimized and is improved；While realizing high yield, top dressing number and laxative number are reduced, the purpose of simplified farming operations is realized, realizes cost-saving synergistic, while reducing the environmental threat of the unreasonable application of fertilizer, increased income for grain farmer and provide guarantee with agricultural sustainable development.

Description

A kind of greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping plantation good quality and high output fertilizing method
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation more particularly to a kind of plantation good quality and high output fertilisings of greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping Method.
Background technique
Watermelon is one of favorite melon and fruit of people, carbohydrate, amino acid substance and vitamin rich in, has and promotes the production of body fluid only Yearningly, the effects of anti-inflammatory relieving summer-heat, diuretic antihypertensive, the market demand is very big, and cultivated area is also very big.But in recent ten years, the taste of watermelon Road is changed, also less tasty and refreshing succulence of tasting.The reason of quality of watermelon is decreased obviously and continuous cropping, grafting are related, but The underlying cause is that fertilizing method is not scientific, and the habit and management for not being able to satisfy watermelon require.
All continuous croppings show more disease, poor quality, low output or decline, this is continuous cropping obstacle, are also continuous cropping Problem.Through studying, the basic reason of continuous cropping obstacle be continuous cropping plantation will necessarily occur in various degree germ accumulation, from poison accumulation, Trophic disturbance.Watermelon avoids continuous cropping, and continuous cropping plantation wilt disease seriously occurs, and dead phenomenon is difficult to control, and is transferred with cushaw root, cucurbit root Watermelon seedling is connect, reduces cypress and withers disease, the rotten melon phenomenon of dead seedling can also compare more, mouth caused by blight dis-ease, epidemic disease, anthracnose etc. Sense, taste are obviously deteriorated, mature Time To Market delay；Do not graft plantation, dead serious, mouthfeel taste than grafting than get well, still Natural mouthfeel, the sweet taste of watermelon is so not achieved.Although in recent years, reducing disease, melon grower is in greenhouse watermelon to improve quality In plantation, changing single administration inorganic composite fertilizer is inorganic composite fertilizer and the organic compound fertilizers compounding application such as chicken manure or pig manure, watermelon Quality make moderate progress, but the canopy room soil salinization, acidification accelerate, there are many various physiologicals, infectious disease, increase laxative The chance and cost of labor of pollution.Melon grower more feels to be difficult to hold and helpless to greenhouse gardening watermelon.These problems reflect Growth of watermelon especially greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping is planted, it is necessary to seek new fertilizing method.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: a kind of greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping plantation good quality and high output fertilizing method is provided, so that prevention and control are big Canopy watermelon continuous cropping obstacle meets greenhouse watermelon habit and regulation of fertilizer requirement, realizes that continuous cropping is planted and continues high-quality, high yield, Laxative pollution is reduced with manually, improves input-output ratio, additional income.
The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping plantation good quality and high output fertilizing method, comprising the following steps:
(1) site preparation bottom application is combined before greenhouse watermelon sowing, uses high concentration balanced type complexing humic acid organic and inorganic compound per acre 60-80 kilograms of complex fertilizer, 70-80 kilograms of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of high concentration high potassium type complexing humic acid, humic acid microelement has 40-80 kilograms of machine fertilizer, by the high concentration balanced type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, the high potassium type humic acid network of high concentration It closes compound organic and inorganic fertilizer and humic acid microelement organic fertilizer individually spreads fertilizer over the fields or mixes and spreads fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface, ploughed after spreading fertilizer over the fields uniformly Soil；
(2) watermelon climbs the climing phase, imposes 15-20 kilograms of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of high concentration high nitrogen type complexing humic acid per acre；
(3) after watermelon children melon seat is steady, it is public that the high potassium type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer 20-40 of high concentration is imposed per acre Jin.
As a preferred mode, in the step (3), if staying two-batch melon, height is imposed after watermelon children's melon seat is steady 30-50 kilograms of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of concentration high potassium type complexing humic acid.
As a preferred mode, the high concentration balanced type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is granular pattern fertilizer Material, effective component and the mass percent for accounting for fertilizer are as follows: humic acid content is 13.5-15%, content of organic matter 20- 25%,
Nitrogen nutrient content is 13.5-15%, phosphorus nutrient content is 13.5-15%, potassium nutrition content is 13.5-15%.
As a preferred mode, the high potassium type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of the high concentration is granular pattern fertilizer Material, effective component is in terms of nutrient content: humic acid content >=10%, the content of organic matter >=20%, nitrogen nutrient content >=15%, Phosphorus nutrient content >=5%, potassium nutrition content >=25%.
As a preferred mode, the humic acid microelement organic fertilizer be granular fertilizer, effective component with Nutrient content meter: humic acid content be 20-25%, content of organic matter 50-55%, micronutrient levels >=5%, nitrogen nutrient, Total content >=5% of phosphorus nutrient, potassium nutrition.
As a preferred mode, the high concentration high nitrogen type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is granular pattern fertilizer Type is applied in material, complete water-soluble punching, and effective component is in terms of nutrient content: humic acid content >=10%, the content of organic matter >=20%, and nitrogen is supported Divide content >=25%, phosphorus nutrient content >=5%, potassium nutrition content >=13%.
As a preferred mode, the nitrogen nutrient is taken from urea, and the phosphorus nutrient is derived from phosphorus pentoxide or phosphorus Acid dihydride calcium, the potassium nutrition are derived from potassium oxide or potassium sulfate.
As a preferred mode, the microelement includes zinc, iron, manganese, copper, boron.
As a preferred mode, the fertilizing method is not only suitable for Grafted Watermelon and is also applied for non-Grafted Watermelon.
By the effective prevention and control greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping obstacle of the method applied fertilizer using high yield fertilizer of the present invention, greenhouse is improved It is as follows to reduce the mechanism that disease occurs for the yield of watermelon quality:
1. 1000 kilograms of watermelons of every production, need 1.8 kilograms of nitrogen nutrient, P2050.4 kilogram of nutrient, k22 kilograms of O nutrient, watermelon Need phosphate fertilizer less, excessive application easily causes flesh of Pulp Citrulli not well not crisp, and taste quality is poor, therefore fertilizing method of the invention uses The high potassium type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of a large amount of high concentration, high concentration high nitrogen type complexing humic acid organic and inorganic compound Complex fertilizer, fertilizer ratio is rationally efficient, and nutrient longer can be provided for plant growth, reduces artificial throw than traditional fertilization Enter, production cost reduces.
2. water requirement is larger, Yao Zengjia irrigation times after young melon seat surely enters expanding stage, ground moistening is kept to be advisable, it can Water-saving irrigation is carried out, duty is the 70~80% of traditional water irrigation amount.
3. the first business of prevention and control continuous cropping obstacle is the scarce nutrient of supplement crop institute, swashs and give birth to beneficial bacteria, harmful bacteria is killed in suppression, improves Crop anti-adversity irritates the prosperous hair of crop root and pricks deeply, conversion or decrease poison harm certainly；Followed by improve soil, culture fertility, battalion The affected good growing environment of object, meets regulation of fertilizer requirement, and the nutrition of abundance needed for providing good quality and high output simultaneously guarantees to continue balanced supply It answers.It is demonstrated experimentally that participating in its collaboration, and corruption is planted by applying suitable humic acid, organic matter and middle microelement Acid, organic matter be effectively complexed with big, middle and trace element together with realize the more energy efficient effect of good quality and high output.
4. humic acid fertilizers have aggravation effect to the activity of Soil Microorganism, humic acid and N P and K in bottom application fertilizer When each nutrient average content is close, efficient complex protection can occur with it, so that its utilization rate is increased to 70% or more, fertilizer efficiency is more Persistently；When humic acid content approaches and is no more than the 50% of N P and K total nutrient, npk nutrient release strength is big, utilization rate It is relatively high, to improve the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer, can be fully absorbed；Bottom application fertilizer micronutrient levels contains for total humic acid When the 1/5-1/4 of amount, the active utilization rate of microelement and the complexing amount coordination of free humic acid are just higher, more conducively decompose soil Earth residual hazard improves soil texture.
5. the organic matter in fertilizer employed in fertilizing method of the present invention, content is examined using NY525-2012 standard It surveys；Humic acid is total humic acid, and content uses GB/T1 1957-2001 standard detection, total humic acid be containing calcium, magnesium, iron, The combined acid that microelement combines in zinc, manganese, copper, boron etc., and total humic acid content is higher, and the middle microelement contained is also It is more.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. the present invention applies fertilizer, total humic acid content reaches 10% in material, and organic matter reaches 20% or more, while mu is applied Amount no less than 100 kilograms when, it is reasonable that SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN ratio tends to, and soil texture is effectively improved, i.e., soil agreegate increase, The soil is porous, ventilative water permeability is good, and soil beneficial microbe will be multiplied, and soil-borne disease is effectively suppressed, and soil is raw State function is optimized and is improved, and crop root is flourishing, and resistance improves, robust growth, soil-borne disease, continuous cropping disease, physiology Venereal disease evil etc. seldom occurs, and continuous cropping obstacle will obtain prevention and control, and crop quality and yield will increase substantially.
2. fertilizing method of the present invention, can satisfy the medium above fertility plough 5000-6000 kilograms of per mu yield watermelon when to it is big, The needs of middle and trace element.
3. of the invention by high concentration balanced type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, the high potassium type complexing humic acid of high concentration Compound organic and inorganic fertilizer and humic acid microelement organic fertilizer compounding application, and in watermelon climb the climing phase to impose high concentration high nitrogen type rotten Phytic acid complexing compound organic and inorganic fertilizer imposes the high organic nothing of potassium type complexing humic acid of high concentration after watermelon children's melon seat is steady per acre Machine compound fertilizer can make continuous cropping greenhouse watermelon yield reach 8000 kilograms or more, and sugar is than Grafted Watermelon in traditional fertilization method High 15-30%.While realizing high yield, top dressing number and laxative number are reduced, to reduce fertilizer amount and laxative dirt Dye, reduces cost of labor and saves labor intensity, realize the purpose of simplified farming operations, realize cost-saving synergistic, simultaneously The environmental threat for reducing the unreasonable application of chemical fertilizer, increases income for grain farmer and provides guarantee with agricultural sustainable development.
Specific embodiment
All features disclosed in this specification or disclosed all methods or in the process the step of, in addition to mutually exclusive Feature and/or step other than, can combine in any way.
Embodiment 1
It is colonized per acre and does not graft own-rooted tree 1000, pasture cultivation of crawling, 80 kilograms of high concentration balanced type complexing humic acids of bottom application Compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, the high potassium type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of 70 kilograms of high concentrations, 80 kilograms of micro members of humic acid Plain organic fertilizer has the high concentration balanced type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, the high potassium type complexing humic acid of high concentration Machine inorganic composite mixed fertilizer and the mixing of humic acid microelement organic fertilizer are spread fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface, plough soil after spreading fertilizer over the fields uniformly；Watermelon group Phase (five leaf phases), Sui Shuichong applied 20 kilograms of high concentration high nitrogen type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizers；Young melon seat, which surely enters, to be expanded Phase applies the high potassium type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of 40 kilograms of high concentrations with water punching per acre.Fertilizer technology index used is such as Under:
1. high concentration balanced type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer technical indicator: total humic acid content is 15%；Have Machine matter content is 25%；N P and K total content is 45%, wherein N, P2O5、K2The content of O is respectively 15%；
2. the high potassium type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of high concentration: total humic acid content is 10%；The content of organic matter It is 20%；N P and K total content is 45%, wherein N, P2O5、K2The content of O is respectively 15%, 5%, 25%；Full water soluble particles fertilizer Material；
3. humic acid microelement organic fertilizer technique index: total humic acid content is 25%；The content of organic matter is 55%；It is micro- Secondary element content is 5%；N P and K total content is 5%；
4. high concentration high nitrogen type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer technical indicator: total humic acid content is 10%；Have Machine matter content is 20%；N P and K total content is 43%, wherein N, P2O5、K2The content of O is respectively 25%, 5%, 13%；Quan Shui Molten granulated fertilizer.
In bottom application fertilizer of the present invention, the high dosage of humic acid content is big, watermelon well developed root system, not prosperous growth, without spraying blade face Fertilizer, per mu yield watermelon break through 7165 kilograms, and sugar is higher than Grafted Watermelon by 22%, and soil texture is effectively improved, soil ecology Function is optimized and is improved；While realizing high yield, top dressing number and laxative number are reduced, to reduce fertilizer amount And laxative pollution, reduce cost of labor and save labor intensity, realize the purpose of simplified farming operations, realizes abridged edition increasing Effect, while the environmental threat of the unreasonable application of chemical fertilizer is reduced, it is increased income for grain farmer and provides guarantee with agricultural sustainable development.
Embodiment 2
It is colonized per acre and does not graft own-rooted tree 850, pasture cultivation of crawling, 60 kilograms of high concentration balanced type complexing humic acids of bottom application have Machine inorganic composite mixed fertilizer, the high potassium type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of 80 kilograms of high concentrations, 40 kilograms of humic acid microelements Organic fertilizer, the high concentration balanced type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, the high potassium type complexing humic acid of high concentration is organic Inorganic composite mixed fertilizer and humic acid microelement organic fertilizer are individually spread fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface, plough soil after spreading fertilizer over the fields uniformly；Watermelon group Phase (five leaf phases) Sui Shuichong applies 15 kilograms of high concentration high nitrogen type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizers；Young melon seat surely enters swollen The big phase applies the high potassium type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of 40 kilograms of high concentrations with water punching per acre.Fertilizer technology index used It is as follows:
1. high concentration balanced type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer technical indicator: total humic acid content is 13.5%； The content of organic matter is 20%；N P and K total content is 40.5%, wherein N, P2O5、K2The content of O is respectively 13.5%；
2. the high potassium type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of high concentration: total humic acid content is 10%；The content of organic matter It is 20%；N P and K total content is 45%, wherein N, P2O5、K2The content of O is respectively 15%, 5%, 25%；Full water soluble particles fertilizer Material；
3. humic acid microelement organic fertilizer technique index: total humic acid content is 25%；The content of organic matter is 55%；It is micro- Secondary element content is 5%；N P and K total content is 5%；
4. high concentration high nitrogen type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer technical indicator: total humic acid content is 10%；Have Machine matter content is 20%；N P and K total content is 43%, wherein N, P2O5、K2The content of O is respectively 25%, 5%, 13%；Quan Shui Molten granulated fertilizer.
In bottom application fertilizer of the present invention, the high dosage of humic acid content is big, watermelon well developed root system, not prosperous growth, without spraying blade face Fertilizer, per mu yield watermelon break through 8160 kilograms, and sugar is higher than Grafted Watermelon by 28%, and soil texture is effectively improved, soil ecology Function is optimized and is improved；While realizing high yield, top dressing number and laxative number are reduced, to reduce fertilizer amount And laxative pollution, reduce cost of labor and save labor intensity, realize the purpose of simplified farming operations, realizes abridged edition increasing Effect, while the environmental threat of the unreasonable application of chemical fertilizer is reduced, it is increased income for grain farmer and provides guarantee with agricultural sustainable development.
Comparative experiments:
Control experiment background:
1, this experiment is implemented 2 months-May in 2017 in Henan Province, the town Yao Jia, Zhongmou County；
2, variety of watermelon is Zheng miscellaneous No. 5, is transplanted at 21 days 2 months, and May 25 harvested.
1 conventional fertilization method of table and the embodiment fertilizing method table of comparisons
It can be seen that fertilizing method of the invention can greatly improve greenhouse watermelon yield, embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 Respectively than control volume increase 36.9%, 80.5%, while realizing high yield, top dressing number and laxative number are reduced, to reduce Fertilizer amount and laxative pollution, reduce cost of labor and save labor intensity, realize cost-saving synergistic, and it is climing withered to compare field Disease, anthracnose, leaf spot are more serious, and experimental field is almost without illness.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping plants good quality and high output fertilizing method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) site preparation bottom application is combined before greenhouse watermelon sowing, uses high concentration balanced type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer per acre 60-80 kilograms, 70-80 kilograms of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of high concentration high potassium type complexing humic acid, humic acid microelement organic fertilizer 40-80 kilograms, the high concentration balanced type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, the high potassium type complexing humic acid of high concentration are had Machine inorganic composite mixed fertilizer and humic acid microelement organic fertilizer, which individually spread fertilizer over the fields or mix, to be spread fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface, ploughs soil after spreading fertilizer over the fields uniformly Ground；
(2) watermelon climbs the climing phase, imposes 15-20 kilograms of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of high concentration high nitrogen type complexing humic acid per acre；
(3) after watermelon children melon seat is steady, 20-40 kilograms of compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of high concentration high potassium type complexing humic acid is imposed per acre.
2. a kind of greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping according to claim 1 plants good quality and high output fertilizing method, which is characterized in that described In step (3), if staying two-batch melon, the high potassium type complexing humic acid organic-inorganic compound of high concentration is imposed after watermelon children's melon seat is steady Fertile 30-50 kilograms.
3. a kind of greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping according to claim 1 plants good quality and high output fertilizing method, which is characterized in that described The effective component of high concentration balanced type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is in terms of nutrient content: humic acid content is 13.5- 15%, content of organic matter 20-25%, nitrogen nutrient content is 13.5-15%, phosphorus nutrient content is 13.5-15%, potassium nutrition contains Amount is 13.5-15%.
4. a kind of greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping according to claim 1 plants good quality and high output fertilizing method, which is characterized in that described The effective component of the high potassium type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of high concentration is in terms of nutrient content: humic acid content >=10%, The content of organic matter >=20%, nitrogen nutrient content >=15%, phosphorus nutrient content >=5%, potassium nutrition content >=25%.
5. a kind of greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping according to claim 1 plants good quality and high output fertilizing method, which is characterized in that described The effective component of humic acid microelement organic fertilizer is in terms of nutrient content: humic acid content is 20-25%, and the content of organic matter is 50-55%, micronutrient levels >=5%, nitrogen nutrient, phosphorus nutrient, potassium nutrition total content >=5%.
6. a kind of greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping according to claim 1 plants good quality and high output fertilizing method, the high concentration high nitrogen The effective component of type complexing humic acid compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is in terms of nutrient content: humic acid content >=10%, the content of organic matter >=20%, nitrogen nutrient content >=25%, phosphorus nutrient content >=5%, potassium nutrition content >=13%.
7. according to a kind of described in any item greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping plantation good quality and high output fertilizing methods of claim 3~6, feature It is, the nitrogen nutrient is taken from urea, and the phosphorus nutrient is derived from phosphorus pentoxide or calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and the potassium nutrition is derived from Potassium oxide or potassium sulfate.
8. a kind of greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping according to claim 5 plants good quality and high output fertilizing method, which is characterized in that described Microelement includes zinc, iron, manganese, copper and boron.
9. a kind of greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping according to claim 1 plants good quality and high output fertilizing method, which is characterized in that described Fertilizing method is used for Grafted Watermelon offspring and non-Grafted Watermelon offspring.
CN201910403120.9A 2019-05-15 2019-05-15 High-quality high-yield fertilization method for continuous cropping planting of greenhouse watermelons Active CN110063112B (en)

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