CN103988685B - A kind of high-yield cultivating method of selenium-rich peanuts - Google Patents
A kind of high-yield cultivating method of selenium-rich peanuts Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high-yield cultivating method of selenium-rich peanuts, the mixotrophism liquid of the trace element such as boron, molybdenum and photosynthetic bacteria is comprised by carrying out foliage-spray at the different times of peanut growth, spray the Selenium-rich nutrient solution with a certain amount of selenium element simultaneously, peanut is made to realize the effect that high yield increases income, selenium constituent content is stable, reasonably sow and field management method in conjunction with science, make peanut per mu yield improve 30%; In addition, by the stack retting that becomes thoroughly decomposed after mixing with farm organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and a certain amount of ammonium selenate before peanut seeding, simultaneously by spreading fertilizer over the fields before turning over, soil application and foliage-spray are combined, especially Organic Selenium is applied in soil and foliage-spray inorganic selenium combines, improve the Se content in peanut, the Se content in institute of the present invention yield peanut is stabilized in 0.18-0.2mg/kg, considerably increases the health-care effect of peanut.<pb pnum="1" />
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to peanut cultivation field, particularly relate to a kind of high-yield cultivating method of selenium-rich peanuts.
Background technology
Peanut is the important economic crops of China, be rich in fat and protein, and containing multivitamins such as thiamine, vitamin b3, niacins, content of mineral substances is also very abundant, particularly containing the amino acid that human body is necessary, there is promotion brain cell development, strengthen the function of memory, both edibles, also can use by feed, being the important raw material of industry, is again large exporting.Of many uses, in national economy, account for critical role.
For a long time, peanut cultivation does not have the high-yield culturing mode of system perfecting, make peanut cultivation close not high, and ventilation and penetrating light condition is poor, peanut well can not carry out photosynthesis, add microelement deficiencies and peanut nutrition growth imbalance, cause peanut per mu yield level to be restricted, usual mu 200-300 kilogram.
Selenium is as the trace element of needed by human, day by day paid attention in the plantation of crops, but the effect played in the growth of current peanut is less, mainly because Root Absorption trace element in peanut growth process is very little, the rich selenium DeGrain of peanut is realized by the general fertilizer applying to contain selenium in soil, especially the soil of China 70% is poor selenium soil, only rely in Root Absorption soil selenium to produce selenium-rich peanuts with health role be almost impossible.
Beihai is peanut major production areas, Guangxi, and cultivation history is long, widely distributed.Along with the development of industry restructuring and market economy, Beihai peanut production develops rapidly, is major economic crops and oil crop, in agricultural planting structure, occupies critical role.Development peanut production has become one of the important channel of growth of agricultural efficiency, increasing peasant income.In recent years, Beihai Hepu County is creating nuisanceless peanut production base energetically and is carrying out on the basis of nuisanceless peanut place of production identification, implement national oil crop high yield and create peanut ten thousand mu of demonstrative projects, how to utilize geographical environment advantage to realize the high selenium-rich peanuts high-yield culturing of health-care effect, tool is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of high-yield cultivating method of selenium-rich peanuts, boron is comprised by carrying out foliage-spray at the different times of peanut growth, molybdenum, iron, the mixotrophism liquid of the trace element such as zinc and photosynthetic bacteria, spray the Selenium-rich nutrient solution with a certain amount of selenium element simultaneously, make peanut realize high yield to increase income, the effect that selenium constituent content is stable, use iron ammonium sulfate Substitute For Partial ferrous sulfate in trace element simultaneously, use potassium borohydride Substitute For Partial boric acid, the effect regulating soil pH can be played, prevent soil transition acidifying, improve soil permeability, effective raising output is also conducive to the crop rotation of soil,
Another object of the present invention is, by the stack retting that becomes thoroughly decomposed after mixing with farm organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and a certain amount of ammonium selenate before peanut seeding, easily absorbed, the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of nutritive element general equilibrium, simultaneously by spreading fertilizer over the fields before turning over, soil application and foliage-spray are combined, especially Organic Selenium is applied in soil and foliage-spray inorganic selenium combines, make in peanut growth process more abundant to the absorption of selenium element, improve the Se content in peanut, increase health-care effect and output.
Another object of the present invention provides one to comprise site preparation and fertilization, and the field management method of the systematic sciences such as seed selection sowing and weeding before comprising bud, split application and irrigation and drainage, realizes high-yield culturing and the management of peanut.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A high-yield cultivating method for selenium-rich peanuts, is characterized in that,
To bloom lower pin phase, pod bearing period and the later stage of growing foliage-spray mixotrophism liquid respectively at peanut, comprise the component of following weight portion in wherein said mixotrophism liquid: potassium borohydride 0.1-0.2, boric acid 0.05-0.08, borax 0.05-0.08, ammonium molybdate 0.25-0.3, zinc sulphate 1-2, manganese sulphate 0.05-0.1, ferrous sulfate 0.1-0.2, iron ammonium sulfate 0.3-0.4, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.3 and photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum 5-8; In addition, go back foliage-spray Selenium-rich nutrient solution in peanut lower pin phase of blooming, in described Selenium-rich nutrient solution, comprise sodium selenate 0.2-0.4, potassium selenate 0.2-0.4 and ammonium selenate 0.1-0.2;
In addition, further comprising the steps of:
Step one, site preparation and fertilization, ridging of turning over after selecting suitable soil to spread fertilizer over the fields the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, ploughing depth 25-30cm;
Step 2, seed selection sowing, select full pair of a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc. peanut pod, and shine fruit prior to seeding and peel off after 2-3 days, after peeling off, grain-by-grain seed selection goes out the large seed of perfect kernel as kind of a benevolence, begins sowing in good time after kind of benevolence is carried out dressing seed, sowing depth 3-7cm;
Step 3, field management, weeding before after planting carrying out bud, split application, irrigation and drainage and PCO, and gather in the crops in good time; Before wherein said bud, herbicidal methods is: after planting 3-4 days according to every 600-800m
2mian Jilong both sides, ridge are sprayed on after sowing area 60-80% isopropyl methylamine missible oil 90-135g and paraquat 50-75ml and water 45-60kg mixture.
Preferably, in the high-yield cultivating method of described selenium-rich peanuts, the preparation method of mixed fertilizer of becoming thoroughly decomposed described in step one is: by fertilizer 1500-2000kg and fused calcium magnesium phosphate 40-60kg 10-15d mixing stack retting prior to seeding, 2-3d continues stack retting until turn over before sowing after one or more in ammonium selenate 2-3kg, urea 4-6kg, potassium sulfate 5-10kg and composite fertilizer 8-10kg and the fertilizer carrying out mixing stack retting being mixed prior to seeding, is wherein applicable to sowing area 600-800m according to the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of this amount gained
2.
Preferably, in the high-yield cultivating method of described selenium-rich peanuts, the application process of the described mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed for: before turning over, spread fertilizer over the fields the mixed fertilizer that to become thoroughly decomposed described in about 2/3, the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed described in residue about 1/3 is concentrated to spread fertilizer over the fields in seed furrow or make lid seed manure and is used; In addition, according to 20-25kg/600-800m while of before turning over
2consumption spread fertilizer over the fields ash and lime respectively.
Preferably, in the high-yield cultivating method of described selenium-rich peanuts, can sow respectively at spring and autumn, wherein the sowing time in spring is selected before and after the beginning of spring solar term, and sowing when 5d average temperature is more than 15 DEG C at least continuously apart from the dark soil temperature of earth's surface 4-6cm; Planted in fall selection of time in late July to early August.
Preferably, in the high-yield cultivating method of described selenium-rich peanuts, the method for dressing seed described in step 2 is: mix with kind benevolence by kind of the 0.2%-0.5% of benevolence weight respectively by one or more in 40-60% carbendazol wettable powder, 30-50% Seedvax wetting powder, 40-60% Phoxim emulsion or 30-60% seed coat agent.
Preferably, in the high-yield cultivating method of described selenium-rich peanuts, rational close planting method in step 2, is adopted to sow, sowing spacing in the rows 18-22cm, line-spacing 20-25cm, sowing 4-6 is capable for face, each ridge, every bunch planting 2-3 grain kind benevolence, thickness of sowing 1.8-2.0 ten thousand seedlings/600-800m
2; Sowing depth 3-7cm, and in after planting suppressing.
Preferably, in the high-yield cultivating method of described selenium-rich peanuts, field management described in step 3 is also included in be carried out intertillage in conjunction with fertilization strategy when peanut seedling stem grows 3-5 blade and loosens the soil, and wherein said fertilization strategy is according to every 600-800m
2the consumption imposing peanut composite fertilizer special 8-10kg or urea 3-4kg and potassium sulfate 5-6kg spreads fertilizer over the fields.
Preferably, in the high-yield cultivating method of described selenium-rich peanuts, the field management described in step 3 also comprises florescence fertilising, comprising blooming lower pin early stage according to 20-25kg/600-800m at bloom 10-15d and peanut of peanut respectively
2consumption spread fertilizer over the fields ash and lime, and carry out cultivation and banking after spreading fertilizer over the fields.
Preferably, in the high-yield cultivating method of described selenium-rich peanuts, the field management described in step 3 also comprises chemical regulation, both peanut growth middle and later periods plant strain growth vigorous have excessive growth lodge phenomenon occur time, in peanut begin spend rear 25-30d, every 600-800m
2be watered 50-60kg with 10-15% paclobutrazol wetting powder 20-30g to spray, meanwhile, the inorganic fertilizer of spray containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron or molybdenum can be added.
Preferably, in the high-yield cultivating method of described selenium-rich peanuts, rice field-upland field rotation is carried out in described selenium-rich peanuts and rice field, and 6-8 days before turning over spray 15-20% paraquat aqua; The peanut growth phase pulls out bacterial wilt strain in time, and diseased plant is outer buried or burn at growing area, spreads fertilizer over the fields lime at sick cave place simultaneously.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: the high-yield cultivating method of a kind of selenium-rich peanuts of the present invention, the mixotrophism liquid of the trace elements such as boron, molybdenum, iron, zinc and photosynthetic bacteria is comprised by carrying out foliage-spray at the different times of peanut growth, spray the Selenium-rich nutrient solution with a certain amount of selenium element simultaneously, make peanut realize the effect that high yield increases income, selenium constituent content is stable.Wherein molybdenum is one of necessary trace element of growth and development of plants, knownly at present can promote legume root system development, impel the distribution of root system extensively dark, increase the absorption area of root system, strengthen root system to the absorbing capacity of nutrient, and improve the drought-resistance ability of plant, in soybean planting, application has significant effect of increasing production, but lacks use experience in peanut cultivation.Equally, boron element is particularly important to growing of some crops, the soil lacking boron can cause pollen development bad, few and the tubbiness of root system, poor growth, form colored and unreal result, therefore in the plantation of peanut, vital effect is played to increasing both production and income, the present invention fully takes into account molybdenum and the importance of boron element in peanut cultivation, by repeatedly spraying the nutrient solution containing these two kinds of elements, micro-the supplementing in time of abundant guarantee these two kinds, peanut yield is made to improve more than 10%, simultaneously, add photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum, the photosynthesis of effective raising plant, improve output 8%,
In addition, supplement ferro element in general fertilizers and use ferrous sulfate, although ferrous sulfate has comparatively stable, the advantage of good absorbing, but Long-Time Service makes soil pH value reduce, easily cause soil compaction, permeability is poor, affect the long-term utilization of output and soil, and the present invention uses iron ammonium sulfate Substitute For Partial ferrous sulfate, ensure content and the assimilation effect of ferro element on the one hand, the effect regulating soil pH value can be played on the other hand, prevent soil transition acidifying, improve soil permeability, effective raising output is also conducive to the crop rotation of soil, equally, use potassium borohydride Substitute For Partial boric acid, also be the absorption ensureing boron element on the one hand, effectively regulate soil pH value on the other hand, effectively reduce the adverse consequences using inorganic fertilizer to cause soil.Through facts have proved in a large number, the mixotrophism liquid containing potassium borohydride and iron ammonium sulfate is used to carry out spraying and carry out spraying peanut yield than the simple nutrient solution containing boric acid and ferrous sulfate and can improve 10%, and more loose than the soil using general nutrient solution to carry out spraying.Reasonably sow and field management method in conjunction with science, the present invention can make peanut per mu yield totally improve 30%.
In addition, by using farm organic fertilizer before peanut seeding, become thoroughly decomposed after inorganic fertilizer and a certain amount of ammonium selenate mix stack retting, easily absorbed, the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of nutritive element general equilibrium, simultaneously by spreading fertilizer over the fields before turning over, soil application and foliage-spray are combined, especially Organic Selenium is applied in soil and foliage-spray inorganic selenium combines, make in peanut growth process more abundant to the absorption of selenium element, improve the Se content in peanut, Se content in institute of the present invention yield peanut is stabilized in 0.18-0.2mg/kg, and Se content is only less than 0.05 in the peanut of conventional method cultivation, considerably increase the health-care effect of peanut, selenium constituent content is in the scope that reasonable absorbs selenium element simultaneously.
Embodiment
Below the present invention is elaborated, can implement according to this after consulting this specification to make those of ordinary skill in the art.
A high-yield cultivating method for selenium-rich peanuts, wherein,
To bloom lower pin phase, pod bearing period and the later stage of growing foliage-spray mixotrophism liquid respectively at peanut, comprise the component of following weight portion in wherein said mixotrophism liquid: potassium borohydride 0.1-0.2, boric acid 0.05-0.08, borax 0.05-0.08, ammonium molybdate 0.25-0.3, zinc sulphate 1-2, manganese sulphate 0.05-0.1, ferrous sulfate 0.1-0.2, iron ammonium sulfate 0.3-0.4, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.3 and photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum 5-8; In addition, go back foliage-spray Selenium-rich nutrient solution in peanut lower pin phase of blooming, in described Selenium-rich nutrient solution, comprise sodium selenate 0.2-0.4, potassium selenate 0.2-0.4 and ammonium selenate 0.1-0.2.
In addition, further comprising the steps of:
Step one, site preparation and fertilization, ridging of turning over after selecting suitable soil to spread fertilizer over the fields the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, ploughing depth 25-30cm.Selection ecotope is good, the light loam that physical features is smooth, soil structure is suitable for, physicochemical character is good, plow layer is deep, irrigation and drainage are convenient, fertility is higher, acid-base value ph value is 6-7 or sandy loam plantation.Provenance selection without or directly do not pollute by Industrial " three Waste " and agricultural, urban life, Biohazard Waste, away from traffic main arteries such as highway, station, airport, harbours, and source of irrigation water upstream does not form the pollution source of prestige association to home environment, and heavy metal free pollutes.Carry out rice field-upland field rotation, previous crops is good with paddy rice, turn in time after late rice results and shine ground, soil is reached deeply, loose, thin, broken, flat, without weeds, do not harden, the moderate and irrigation and drainage condition easily of water content, thus growing of peanut is in suitable soil environment, be conducive to the raising of output.
Step 2, seed selection sowing, select full pair of a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc. peanut pod, and shine fruit prior to seeding and peel off after 2-3 days, after peeling off, grain-by-grain seed selection goes out the large seed of perfect kernel as kind of a benevolence, begins sowing in good time after kind of benevolence is carried out dressing seed, sowing depth 3-7cm.Select suitable kind to be that peanut obtains highly efficient and productive key, should select promote through authorization, breeding time is suitable for, more precocious, plant type is compact, it is concentrated to bear pods, drought resistance is comparatively strong and compared with the improved seeds of disease-resistanting leaf spot.Spend in can selecting No. six, profound oil 75, Guangdong oil 13, the kind such as profound oil 41.Need prior to seeding to carry out certain seed preparation work, seed preparation work is broadcast full stand for guarantee one and improves peanut yield, quality most important.
First select two a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc. to reserve seed for planting, seed selection is chosen seeds again to the pod of reserving seed for planting before peeling off, and selects full two a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc.s to plant.Secondly, for improving germination capacity of seeds, need before peeling off to shine fruit 2 ~ 3d.The after-ripening that fruit can increase seed is shone before broadcasting, break the dormant trait of seed, promote the activity of enzyme, be conducive to the conversion of nutrient in seed, improve the vitality of seed, in addition, shine fruit and also can make seed drying, strengthen seed coat permeability, that improves seed soaks into pressure, strengthen water absorbing capacity, promote the germination of sprouting of seed, be particularly subject to the seed effect of tide particularly evident to maturity difference and duration of storage; Shine fruit and can also play bactericidal action.Peanut husking too early, because of the seed after peeling off easily absorbs moisture, should not strengthen respiration, accelerates the activity of enzyme, promote Substance Transformation, consume a large amount of nutrients, reduction germinating capacity, therefore, time of peeling off from sowing time of peanut more close to better.
Carry out classification grain-by-grain seed selection after peeling off, sick worm, broken hinder kernel and not plump benevolence picks, the kind benevolence large grain, middle grain being used as kind is divided into I and II seed, receives and keeps respectively, sows.Carry out germination test before sowing, select seed quality good, the kind benevolence that germination rate is high, directly sow by dry kind of benevolence.
Step 3, field management, weeding before after planting carrying out bud, split application, irrigation and drainage and PCO, and gather in the crops in good time; Before wherein said bud, herbicidal methods is: after planting 3-4 days according to every 600-800m
2mian Jilong both sides, ridge are sprayed on after sowing area 60-80% isopropyl methylamine missible oil 90-135g and paraquat 50-75ml and water 45-60kg mixture.Wherein irrigation and drainage mainly, Rainfall distribution situation how many according to precipitation in the peanut growth phase, soil moisture content and each growing stage of peanut need to decide irrigation and drainage to soil moisture, and peanut Post flowering is met drought and will be poured water in time.More for Beihai peanut growth middle and later periods rainwater, field ponding is too much, soil lacks air, excess surface water to be got rid of in time, lowering of watertable and reduce moisture too much in plow layer, to regulate soil temperature, humidity, ventilation and nutrition condition, keep good soil structure, for good growing environment created by peanut.
In the high-yield cultivating method of described selenium-rich peanuts, the preparation method of mixed fertilizer of becoming thoroughly decomposed described in step one is: by fertilizer 1500-2000kg and fused calcium magnesium phosphate 40-60kg 10-15d mixing stack retting prior to seeding, 2-3d continues stack retting until turn over before sowing after one or more in ammonium selenate 2-3kg, urea 4-6kg, potassium sulfate 5-10kg and composite fertilizer 8-10kg and the fertilizer carrying out mixing stack retting being mixed prior to seeding, is wherein applicable to sowing area 600-800m according to the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of this amount gained
2.Wherein said fertilizer mainly farmyard manure, and the consumption of mixed fertilizer of taking the circumstances into consideration to determine to become thoroughly decomposed according to soil fertility condition, consumption described herein is applicable to the field of medium fertility.
In the high-yield cultivating method of described selenium-rich peanuts, described in become thoroughly decomposed mixed fertilizer application process for: before turning over, spread fertilizer over the fields the mixed fertilizer that to become thoroughly decomposed described in about 2/3, the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed described in residue about 1/3 is concentrated to spread fertilizer over the fields in seed furrow or make lid seed manure and is used; In addition, according to 20-25kg/600-800m while of before turning over
2consumption spread fertilizer over the fields ash and lime respectively.
In the high-yield cultivating method of described selenium-rich peanuts, can sow respectively at spring and autumn, wherein the sowing time in spring is selected before and after the beginning of spring solar term, and sowing when 5d average temperature is more than 15 DEG C at least continuously apart from the dark soil temperature of earth's surface 4-6cm, now 5cm soil layer humidity accounts for 50% of maxmun field capacity; Planted in fall selection of time in late July to early August.The type of seeding of current peanut mainly contains: Traditional Man sowing, semi-mechanization sowing and Mechanization sowing three kinds of modes, wherein with semi-mechanization sowing and Mechanization sowing compare save time with efficiently.
In the high-yield cultivating method of described selenium-rich peanuts, the method for dressing seed described in step 2 is: mix with kind benevolence by kind of the 0.2%-0.5% of benevolence weight respectively by one or more in 40-60% carbendazol wettable powder, 30-50% Seedvax wetting powder, 40-60% Phoxim emulsion or 30-60% seed coat agent.
Can dress seed according to the different selection different agents that needs, the resistant to diseases and insects of peanut can not only be improved, and the element that can supplement the nutrients, strengthen the vigor of Kernel of Peanut, strengthen its drought resistance etc., ensure that peanut seedling is neat, Miao Quan, Miao Zhuan, for peanut good quality and high output lays good basis.Usually, use 50% carbendazol wettable powder, or 40% Seedvax wetting powder effectively can prevent the Roots of Peanut maize ear rot because fungus in soil may cause by the 0.3%-0.5% seed dressing of seed weight, crown rot causes rotten dead seedling.With 0.2% seed dressing of 50% Phoxim emulsion by grain weight, soil insect in seedling stage can be prevented and treated.At seeding time seed and medicinal powder together can be poured in little basin, firmly shake up, medicament is attached on seed coat, then seed is sown in soil.Also before broadcasting, seed dressing and coating can be watered by seed coat agent, both controlling disease, also can promote Development of Peanut.
In the high-yield cultivating method of described selenium-rich peanuts, rational close planting method is adopted to sow in step 2, sowing spacing in the rows 18-22cm, preferred 20cm, line-spacing 20-25cm, preferred 23cm, sowing 4-6 is capable for face, each ridge, preferably 5 row, every bunch planting 2-3 grain kind benevolence, preferably 2, thickness of sowing 1.8-2.0 ten thousand seedlings/600-800m
2; Sowing depth 3-7cm, is advisable with 5cm, grasp " dry do not plant dark, wet do not plant shallow " and sticky shallow of soil property, dark principle is wanted in the plot of sandy soil ground or Sha Xing great, and cultivates and the most deeply more than 7cm, can not be shallower than 3cm most.And in after planting suppressing, broadcasting rear suppression is the successful experience that full stand is guaranteed in Drought Resistance in Peanut sowing, after suppression, not only soil water evaporation can be reduced, and Kernel of Peanut and soil close contact can be made, impel soil lower floor moisture to rise, prevent Kernel of Peanut from becoming dry, be convenient to Seed germination and emergence.
In the high-yield cultivating method of described selenium-rich peanuts, field management described in step 3 is also included in be carried out intertillage in conjunction with fertilization strategy when peanut seedling stem grows 3-5 blade and loosens the soil, and wherein said fertilization strategy is according to every 600-800m
2the consumption imposing peanut composite fertilizer special 8-10kg or urea 3-4kg and potassium sulfate 5-6kg spreads fertilizer over the fields.
In the high-yield cultivating method of described selenium-rich peanuts, the field management described in step 3 also comprises florescence fertilising, comprising blooming lower pin early stage according to 20-25kg/600-800m at bloom 10-15d and peanut of peanut respectively
2consumption spread fertilizer over the fields ash and lime, and carry out cultivation and banking after spreading fertilizer over the fields.
In the high-yield cultivating method of described selenium-rich peanuts, the field management described in step 3 also comprises chemical regulation, both peanut growth middle and later periods plant strain growth vigorous have excessive growth lodge phenomenon occur time, in peanut begin spend rear 25-30d, every 600-800m
2be watered 50-60kg with 10-15% paclobutrazol wetting powder 20-30g to spray, meanwhile, the inorganic fertilizer of spray containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron or molybdenum can be added.
In the high-yield cultivating method of described selenium-rich peanuts, rice field-upland field rotation is carried out in described selenium-rich peanuts and rice field, and 6-8 days before turning over spray 15-20% paraquat aqua; The peanut growth phase pulls out bacterial wilt strain in time, and diseased plant is outer buried or burn at growing area, spreads fertilizer over the fields lime at sick cave place simultaneously.
In addition, field management also comprises a series of biological control, physical control and chemical prevention and control method, is specially:
Biological control, select the low toxicity chemical pesticide little to natural enemy lethality, Protect natural enemies, utilizes natural enemy.
Physical control, uses good many boards frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp and yellow plate can trap and kill the various pests such as cotton bollworm, thrips, cutworm, nocturnal moth class.
Chemical control, Pesticide use carries out in strict accordance with " Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region agriculture environmental protection regulations ", " major experiment standard " and " agricultural chemicals reasonable application ".Bacterial wilt, after peanut seeding, about 30d usable highly effective bactericide is as withered in green grass or young crops loose etc. is watered filling root; Rust, i.e. with medicament control at the initial stage of a disease, conventional medicament has 1: 2: 200 bordeaux mixture bordeaux mixture, 50% colloid sulphur, 150 times of dilutions, 15% trazodone wettable powder, 800 times of dilutions or 75% tpn wetting powder 500-600 times of dilution etc.; Leaf spot, first time sprays medicine at the initial stage of a disease, every 10-15d spray once, continuous 2-3 time, conventional medicament has 1: 2: 200 bordeaux mixture, 50% colloid sulphur, 150 times of dilutions, 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 1000 times of dilutions or 75% tpn wetting powder 600-800 times of dilution etc.Different agricultural chemicals is used alternatingly doublely can control the multiple peanut disease such as crown rot and stem rot; Aphid, occurs not yet to spread full Tian Shiyong 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 3000 times of liquid, 50% Aphox, 300 times of liquid or 40% Rogor, 1000 times of dilutions or the 1500 times of dilution controls of 50% dichlorvos at blade; Nocturnal moth class, find just larvae time prevent and treat with 90% chlorophos crystal or 50% dichlorvos, 1000 times of dilutions, cultivate peanut insect in Zhiduo County of can holding concurrently; The plague of rats, uses the unification of the diphacinone-Na poison bait of high-efficiency low-toxicity to kill mouse prior to seeding with the Post flowering used time.
The harvest time that peanut is suitable for should determine according to the appearance of kind and plant.Peanut is the crop that infinitely blossoms and bears fruit, the pod formation time on same plant and development degree very inconsistent.In production general with plant by green flavescence, stem retains 3-4 sheet greenery, and most of pod maturation, namely Pearl Type kind plumpness reaches more than 75%, as the mark of field peanut maturation.Accomplish timely results, prevent shedding, germination, reduce infection by Aspergillus flavus chance, will dry in time after results, preserve when reaching safe moisture less than 15%.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details.
Claims (9)
1. a high-yield cultivating method for selenium-rich peanuts, is characterized in that,
To bloom lower pin phase, pod bearing period and the later stage of growing foliage-spray mixotrophism liquid respectively at peanut, comprise the component of following weight portion in wherein said mixotrophism liquid: potassium borohydride 0.1-0.2, boric acid 0.05-0.08, borax 0.05-0.08, ammonium molybdate 0.25-0.3, zinc sulphate 1-2, manganese sulphate 0.05-0.1, ferrous sulfate 0.1-0.2, iron ammonium sulfate 0.3-0.4, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.3 and photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum 5-8; In addition, go back foliage-spray Selenium-rich nutrient solution in peanut lower pin phase of blooming, comprise the component of following weight portion in described Selenium-rich nutrient solution: sodium selenate 0.2-0.4, potassium selenate 0.2-0.4 and ammonium selenate 0.1-0.2;
In addition, further comprising the steps of:
Step one, site preparation and fertilization, ridging of turning over after selecting suitable soil to spread fertilizer over the fields the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, ploughing depth 25-30cm; The preparation method of the described mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is: by fertilizer 1500-2000kg and fused calcium magnesium phosphate 40-60kg 10-15d mixing stack retting prior to seeding, 2-3d continues stack retting until turn over before sowing after one or more in ammonium selenate 2-3kg, urea 4-6kg, potassium sulfate 5-10kg and composite fertilizer 8-10kg and the fertilizer carrying out mixing stack retting being mixed prior to seeding, is wherein applicable to sowing area 600-800m according to the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of this amount gained
2;
Step 2, seed selection sowing, select full pair of a kind of fruit, such as apple, pear, etc. peanut pod, and shine fruit prior to seeding and peel off after 2-3 days, after peeling off, grain-by-grain seed selection goes out the large seed of perfect kernel as kind of a benevolence, begins sowing in good time after kind of benevolence is carried out dressing seed, sowing depth 3-7cm;
Step 3, field management, weeding before after planting carrying out bud, split application, irrigation and drainage and PCO, and gather in the crops in good time; Before wherein said bud, herbicidal methods is: after planting 3-4 days according to every 600-800m
2mian Jilong both sides, ridge are sprayed on after sowing area 60-80% isopropyl methylamine missible oil 90-135g and paraquat 50-75ml and water 45-60kg mixture.
2. the high-yield cultivating method of selenium-rich peanuts as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the application process of the described mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed for: before turning over, spread fertilizer over the fields the mixed fertilizer that to become thoroughly decomposed described in 2/3, the mixed fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed described in residue 1/3 is concentrated to spread fertilizer over the fields in seed furrow or make lid seed manure and is used; In addition, according to 20-25kg/600-800m while of before turning over
2consumption spread fertilizer over the fields ash and lime respectively.
3. the high-yield cultivating method of selenium-rich peanuts as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, sow respectively at spring and autumn, wherein the sowing time in spring is selected before and after the beginning of spring solar term, and sowing when 5d average temperature is more than 15 DEG C at least continuously apart from the dark soil temperature of earth's surface 4-6cm; Planted in fall selection of time in late July to early August.
4. the high-yield cultivating method of selenium-rich peanuts as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method for dressing seed described in step 2 is: mix with kind benevolence by kind of the 0.2%-0.5% of benevolence weight respectively by one or more in 40-60% carbendazol wettable powder, 40-60% Phoxim emulsion or 30-60% seed coat agent.
5. the high-yield cultivating method of selenium-rich peanuts as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, adopt rational close planting method to sow in step 2, sowing spacing in the rows 18-22cm, line-spacing 20-25cm, sowing 4-6 is capable for face, each ridge, every bunch planting 2-3 grain kind benevolence, thickness of sowing 1.8-2.0 ten thousand seedlings/600-800m
2; Sowing depth 3-7cm, and in after planting suppressing.
6. the high-yield cultivating method of selenium-rich peanuts as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, field management described in step 3 is also included in be carried out intertillage in conjunction with fertilization strategy when peanut seedling stem grows 3-5 blade and loosens the soil, wherein said fertilization strategy is for impose peanut composite fertilizer special 8-10kg according to every 600-800m2, or the consumption of urea 3-4kg and potassium sulfate 5-6kg spreads fertilizer over the fields.
7. the high-yield cultivating method of selenium-rich peanuts as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, the field management described in step 3 also comprises florescence fertilising, comprising blooming lower pin early stage according to 20-25kg/600-800m at bloom 10-15d and peanut of peanut respectively
2consumption spread fertilizer over the fields ash and lime, and carry out cultivation and banking after spreading fertilizer over the fields.
8. the high-yield cultivating method of selenium-rich peanuts as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, field management described in step 3 also comprises chemical regulation, namely peanut growth middle and later periods plant strain growth vigorous have excessive growth lodge phenomenon occur time, begin to spend rear 25-30d in peanut, every 600-800m2 10-15% paclobutrazol wetting powder 20-30g is watered 50-60kg and sprays, and meanwhile, adds the inorganic fertilizer of spray containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron or molybdenum.
9. the high-yield cultivating method of selenium-rich peanuts as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, rice field-upland field rotation is carried out in described selenium-rich peanuts and rice field, and 6-8 days before turning over spray 15-20% paraquat aqua; The peanut growth phase pulls out bacterial wilt strain in time, and diseased plant is outer buried or burn at growing area, spreads fertilizer over the fields lime at sick cave place simultaneously.
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