CN109845472B - Harvesting header for ball vegetables - Google Patents
Harvesting header for ball vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- CN109845472B CN109845472B CN201910126067.2A CN201910126067A CN109845472B CN 109845472 B CN109845472 B CN 109845472B CN 201910126067 A CN201910126067 A CN 201910126067A CN 109845472 B CN109845472 B CN 109845472B
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000219198 Brassica Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000003351 Brassica cretica Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000003343 Brassica rupestris Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide Chemical compound ClCCSCCCl QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000010460 mustard Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003813 thumb Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000011331 Brassica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219193 Brassicaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000427033 Stomolophus meleagris Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Harvesting Machines For Specific Crops (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a harvesting header for spherical vegetables, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The cutting table comprises a conveying lifting device composed of a conveying flat plate and a chain type lifting machine, wherein the middle part of the conveying flat plate supports at least one pair of vertical cutting knife shafts which are respectively driven by a driving motor through a driving belt, and the lower ends of the cutting knife shafts are provided with disc cutting knives; the front end of the transmission flat plate is fixedly provided with a mounting bracket with a horizontal fixed rail at the lower part, the horizontal sliding rail which can lock the horizontal moving pair is arranged at the position of the horizontal fixed rail corresponding to the paired main guiding and pulling rollers, and the horizontal sliding rail supports the guiding and pulling motor through the guiding and pulling frame fixedly connected with the horizontal sliding rail to drive the main guiding and pulling rollers which rotate outwards; the front end of the main drawing roller is hinged with a conical head drawing roller with the outer side propped against the pressure spring; the outside of the cutter shaft is sleeved with an intermittent rotary drum, and the outside of the transmission belt is provided with a driving shifting fork of which the extending end can touch the intermittent rotary drum. The invention can stably guide and pull, and effectively avoid conveying congestion, thereby creating good conditions for mechanized harvest of the nodulized vegetables including cabbages.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a header of a harvester, in particular to a header suitable for harvesting vegetables including cabbages in noduliform, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
Background
The harvest of nodulized vegetables is the most common vegetable. For example, the green cabbage head of the scholar stem mustard is a raw material for preparing the hot pickled mustard tuber, and the planting is mainly distributed in Chongqing, sichuan, zhejiang, guizhou, yunnan and other provinces, wherein Fuling hot pickled mustard tuber in Fuling areas of Chongqing city is known for a long time. And cabbage of Brassica genus of Brassicaceae, is one of important vegetables in China, and is widely planted in various places throughout the country. However, because the ball forming positions of the ball forming vegetables are lower and the sizes are inconsistent, the planting arrangement is deviated, the leaves are large and rich, the mechanical harvesting is always a difficult problem which cannot be overcome, the problems that the bulbs are difficult to be pulled into a cutting table, the conveying is easy to be jammed after harvesting and the like exist, and because the mechanical harvesting is difficult, the ball forming vegetables are harvested for a long time mainly by means of manual operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the harvesting header for the spherical vegetables is provided, which not only can stably guide and pull, but also can effectively avoid conveying congestion, thereby creating good conditions for practically popularizing mechanized harvesting.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the basic technical scheme of the harvesting header for the spherical vegetables is as follows: the device comprises a conveying lifting device composed of a front conveying flat plate and a rear chain type lifting machine, wherein the middle part of the conveying flat plate supports at least one pair of vertical cutter shafts which are respectively driven by a driving motor through a driving belt, and the lower end of each cutter shaft is provided with a disc cutter; the front end of the transmission flat plate is fixedly provided with a mounting bracket with a horizontal fixed rail at the lower part, the horizontal fixed rail is provided with a horizontal sliding rail which is used for forming a lockable horizontal moving pair with the horizontal fixed rail and corresponds to the positions of the paired main guide rollers, and the horizontal sliding rail supports a guide motor through a guide frame fixedly connected with the horizontal sliding rail to drive the main guide rollers which rotate outwards; the front end of the main drawing roller is hinged with a cone head drawing roller with the inner side limiting and the outer side propping against the pressure spring; the cutter shaft is sleeved with an intermittent rotary drum in an empty mode, and an extending end arranged on the outer side of the transmission belt can touch a driving shifting fork of the intermittent rotary drum.
When harvesting, the main guide rollers in pairs have the basic functions of righting the inclined green vegetable heads and gathering scattered leaves so as to facilitate subsequent leaf and root cutting operation; the distance between the pair of main pulling rollers can be adjusted according to the size of the green vegetable heads as required, so that the green vegetable heads cannot be blocked too much or cannot be righted too little; the front end opening size of the cone head guiding roller at the front end of the main guiding roller can be automatically adjusted around the rear end hinge pivot, so that even if the planting straightness is poor, the harvesting feeding of the ball vegetables can be automatically corrected and ensured. After the root of the disc cutter is cut and harvested, the driving shifting fork can shift the rotating cylinder to rotate when moving to the intermittent rotating cylinder along with the belt, so that the intermittent rotation is realized, the phenomenon that the cut spherical vegetables lose backward conveying power to be accumulated on the transmission flat plate after being separated from the guiding and shifting roller and the disc cutter is avoided, the congestion, the crushing injury or the crushing drop are effectively prevented, the subsequent harvesting operation is ensured to be smoothly carried out, and a good condition is created for practically popularizing the mechanized harvesting.
The chain hoist chain is characterized in that bucket type mechanisms are arranged on chain links of the chain hoist at intervals, each bucket type mechanism comprises an arc hook tooth at the lower end and an arc plate at the upper end, and the arc hook tooth and the arc plates are fixedly connected through a groove type straight plate.
The invention is further perfected that an impurity removing device is arranged below the output end of the conveying and lifting device, the impurity removing device consists of a pair of large-diameter spiral rolling brushes and two pairs of small-diameter hair rolling brushes, and the contact part of the rolling brushes and the vegetable heads is made of soft materials.
The invention is further perfected that the upper parts of the two pairs of main guiding and poking rollers are respectively provided with a first-stage leaf-cutting rotary knife supported under the side-row mounting frame; the side row mounting bracket rear side is equipped with fixed vertical rail, fixed vertical rail constitutes vertical shifting pair with the back mounting bracket, the horizontal pole both ends that the back mounting bracket linked firmly are articulated with the upper end of connecting rod respectively, and the lower extreme of two connecting rods is adjacent and is articulated with corresponding drawing frame respectively, the second grade leaf-cutting rotary knife that is arranged in two one-level leaf-cutting rotary knife rear is equipped with to back mounting bracket lower extreme.
The invention is further perfected that the side row installation frame is provided with a blade row spiral roller, and the front upper part of the blade row spiral roller is provided with a rotary blade poking wheel.
Drawings
For a clearer description of the invention, embodiments will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective exploded view of a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a harvester employing the embodiment of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a top view of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a partial perspective view of the embodiment of fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a portion of the embodiment of fig. 1 from another perspective.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the embodiment of fig. 1 with a partially cut-away view of the root cutter.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The harvesting header for the spherical vegetables in fig. 1 is a self-propelled single-row green vegetable head combine harvester, and the harvester is shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4: 1. an automatic dialing device; 2. a disc root cutting device; 3. a frame; 4. a walking device; 5. a control system; 6. impurity removing device; 7. a conveying and lifting device; 8. a second-stage leaf cutting device; 9. a first-stage leaf cutting device; 10. a leaf-discharging spiral roller; 11. and rotating the vane thumb wheel.
The front part of the frame 3 arranged on the traveling device 4 is provided with a conveying lifting device 7, the conveying lifting device 7 consists of a front conveying flat plate 2-7 and a rear chain elevator, chain links of the chain elevator are provided with bucket mechanisms at intervals, the bucket mechanisms have a more specific structure comprising arc hook digging teeth 7-1 at the lower end and arc plates 7-2 at the upper end, and the arc hook digging teeth 7-1 and the arc plates 7-2 are fixedly connected through groove type straight plates 7-3. The bucket type mechanism can effectively prevent green vegetable heads from rolling down in the process of lifting and transporting upwards, prevent the green vegetable heads from being accumulated and blocked, and meanwhile, the arc hook teeth digging function of active vegetable collection.
The middle part of the transmission flat plate 2-7 supports a pair of vertical cutter shafts 2-3 which are respectively driven by a driving motor 2-4 through a driving belt, and the lower end of the cutter shaft 2-3 is provided with a disc cutter 2-2 (see figure 7) to form a disc root cutting device 2. The two pairs of disc cutters 2-2 are staggered up and down to form a certain overlapping area, thereby effectively avoiding the phenomenon that the core is not cut or is continuously cut in the cutting process. The soil pressing plate 2-1 is arranged below the disc cutter 2-2, so that the ground with poor flatness is flattened, the disc cutter is prevented from cutting soil and hilling, the front end of the soil pressing plate 2-1 is in an upward bending shape, and the trafficability of the soil pressing plate can be improved. The intermittent rotary drum 2-5 is sleeved outside the vertical cutting knife shaft 2-3, and the extending end is arranged outside the transmission belt and can touch the driving shifting fork 2-6 of the intermittent rotary drum 2-5, so that when the driving shifting fork moves to the intermittent rotary drum along with the belt, the driving shifting fork can shift the rotary drum to rotate, and the intermittent rotary drum rotates between the driving shifting fork and the intermittent rotary drum, and the intermittent rotary drum has the function of preventing cut green vegetable heads from being separated from a rotary guiding and shifting roller and a disc cutting knife from accumulating on a transmission flat plate after losing backward conveying power, so that congestion, crushing or extrusion is caused.
The front end of the transmission flat plate 2-7 is fixedly provided with a mounting bracket with a horizontal fixed rail 1-5 at the lower part, the horizontal fixed rail 1-5 is provided with a horizontal sliding rail 1-4 which is corresponding to the main guiding and pulling rollers 1-6 and can form a locking horizontal moving pair, and the horizontal sliding rail 1-4 supports the guiding and pulling motor 1-7 through the guiding and pulling frame 1-3 fixedly connected with the horizontal sliding rail 1-4 to drive the main guiding and pulling rollers 1-6 which rotate outwards, so that the lodged green vegetable heads are righted and scattered leaves are gathered, and the follow-up leaf cutting and root cutting operation is facilitated; the distance between the pair of main pulling rollers can be adjusted according to the size of the green vegetable heads as required, so that the green vegetable heads cannot be blocked too much or cannot be righted too little. The front end of the main pulling roller 1-6 is hinged with the cone head pulling roller 1-1 with the inner side limited and the outer side propped against the pressure spring, when the green vegetable heads with poor straightness are harvested and planted, the cone head pulling roller can automatically adjust the size of the front end opening around the rear end hinge fulcrum, and feeding of the green vegetable heads is ensured.
The upper parts of the two pairs of main guiding and poking rollers 1-6 are respectively provided with a first-stage leaf shearing rotary knife 9 supported below a side row installation frame 8-6, the side row installation frame 8-6 is provided with a leaf row spiral roller 10, and the front upper part of the leaf row spiral roller 10 is provided with a rotary leaf poking wheel 11. The first-stage leaf-cutting rotary blades 9 are straight blades, the blades are cut off by horizontally performing circular rotary motion, the first-stage leaf-cutting rotary blades 9 on two sides are staggered up and down and have a certain overlapping area, the function of the first-stage leaf-cutting rotary blades is to cut off most of the blades above vegetable stems, and a large number of cut-off blades are collected to a leaf-arranging spiral roller under the action of a rotary thumb wheel and are discharged from one side along with the rotation of the roller.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, a fixed vertical rail 8-4 is arranged at the rear side of a side-row mounting frame 8-6, the fixed vertical rail 8-4 and a rear mounting frame 8-3 form a vertical moving pair, two ends of a cross rod 8-7 fixedly connected with the rear mounting frame 8-3 are respectively hinged with the upper ends of connecting rods 8-5, the lower ends of the two connecting rods 8-5 are adjacent and are respectively hinged with a corresponding guiding frame 1-3, and the lower end of the rear mounting frame 8-3 is provided with a second-stage leaf-cutting rotary knife 8-1 positioned at the middle and rear part of the two-stage leaf-cutting rotary knives; when the pulling device expands outwards under the side effect of horizontal movement due to the oversized vegetable stems, the lower ends of the connecting rods 8-5 are outwards stretched, and as a result, the cross rod moves upwards under the constraint of the vertical moving pair.
Considering that the leaves of the green vegetable heads are more and longer, the embodiment is provided with the secondary leaf shearing device, the leaf shearing rotary knife 8-1 is directly connected with the driving motor of the secondary leaf shearing device, the green vegetable heads subjected to primary shearing move backwards relatively along with the forward movement of the harvester, and the joints of the stems and the leaves are accurately cut by the secondary leaf shearing rotary knife 8-1, so that the leaves are completely removed.
The impurity removing device 6 is arranged below the frame 3 corresponding to the output end of the conveying lifting device 7. The impurity removing device consists of a pair of spiral rolling brushes with large diameters and two pairs of hair rolling brushes with small diameters, wherein the contact part of the rolling brushes and the vegetable heads is made of soft materials, so that residual soil and vegetable leaves on the vegetable heads can be removed, vegetables are not damaged, and the spiral rolling brushes also play a role in conveying the vegetable heads to the rear.
The harvester of the embodiment can complete the whole processes of root cutting, leaf removing, conveying, impurity removing and boxing of the green vegetable heads in one operation. The whole machine adopts electric drive, and has the advantages of simple structure, low noise, no pollution and light operation.
Experiments show that the embodiment has the following unique beneficial effects on solving the problems of difficult dialing and conveying congestion:
1) Automatic pulling-the gap and the opening angle of the pulling roller are respectively controlled by adopting a sliding rail and a spring, so that the problem that a cutting table is blocked caused by overlarge tumor-shaped stems of green vegetable heads and the supporting is not effective caused by overlarge small stems of green vegetable heads is effectively avoided, and the automatic feeding of the green vegetable heads with poor planting and growing straightness is realized by adjusting the opening angle of the pulling roller; the pulling roller is self-powered and rotates outwards relatively, so that the unfolding blades are gathered, the leaf shearing operation is facilitated, the outward rotation plays a role in lifting the green vegetable heads, and the root cutting height is convenient to control; has higher adaptability to bulbs with different sizes and green vegetable heads with poor consistency of planting row spacing.
2) The disc root cutting-is provided with a cutting height automatic profiling system, so that the problem that the accurate cutting of the root and stem joint part is difficult due to uneven ground surface is solved.
3) Intermittent shifting-skillfully utilizes an active shifting fork of a vertical cutter shaft transmission structure and an outer sleeve intermittent rotary cylinder mechanism, and thoroughly avoids accumulation, congestion, crushing or extrusion falling of the cut green vegetable heads which lose backward conveying power after root cutting.
In addition, the organic combination of the first-stage and second-stage leaf shearing, impurity removal and the like make the harvester adopting the embodiment not only suitable for harvesting green vegetable heads, but also suitable for harvesting various other nodulized vegetables.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a knot ball vegetables results header, includes the transport hoisting device that comprises front portion transmission flat board and rear portion chain hoist, its characterized in that: the middle part of the transmission flat plate supports at least one pair of vertical cutter shafts which are driven by a driving motor through a driving belt respectively, and the lower end of each cutter shaft is provided with a disc cutter; the front end of the transmission flat plate is fixedly provided with a mounting bracket with a horizontal fixed rail at the lower part, the horizontal fixed rail is provided with a horizontal sliding rail which is used for forming a lockable horizontal moving pair with the horizontal fixed rail and corresponds to the positions of the paired main guide rollers, and the horizontal sliding rail supports a guide motor through a guide frame fixedly connected with the horizontal sliding rail to drive the main guide rollers which rotate outwards; the front end of the main drawing roller is hinged with a cone head drawing roller with the inner side limiting and the outer side propping against the pressure spring; the cutter shaft is sleeved with an intermittent rotary drum in an empty mode, and an extending end arranged on the outer side of the transmission belt can touch a driving shifting fork of the intermittent rotary drum.
2. The harvesting header for ball-forming vegetables of claim 1, wherein: bucket type mechanisms are installed on chain links of the chain type elevator at intervals, each bucket type mechanism comprises an arc hook tooth at the lower end and an arc plate at the upper end, and the arc hook tooth and the arc plates are fixedly connected through groove type straight plates.
3. The harvesting header for spherical vegetables according to claim 2, wherein: the impurity removing device is arranged below the output end of the conveying lifting device and consists of a pair of spiral rolling brushes with large diameters and two pairs of hair rolling brushes with small diameters, and the contact part of the rolling brushes and the green vegetable heads is made of soft materials.
4. A harvesting header for spherical vegetables as claimed in claim 3, wherein: a first-stage leaf-cutting rotary knife supported below the side-row mounting rack is respectively arranged above the two pairs of main drawing rollers; the side row mounting bracket rear side is equipped with fixed vertical rail, fixed vertical rail constitutes vertical shifting pair with the back mounting bracket, the horizontal pole both ends that the back mounting bracket linked firmly are articulated with the upper end of connecting rod respectively, and the lower extreme of two connecting rods is adjacent and is articulated with corresponding drawing frame respectively, the second grade leaf-cutting rotary knife that is arranged in two one-level leaf-cutting rotary knife rear is equipped with to back mounting bracket lower extreme.
5. The harvesting header for spherical vegetables according to claim 4, wherein: the side row installation frame is provided with a blade row spiral roller, and a rotary blade poking wheel is arranged at the front upper part of the blade row spiral roller.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910126067.2A CN109845472B (en) | 2019-02-20 | 2019-02-20 | Harvesting header for ball vegetables |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910126067.2A CN109845472B (en) | 2019-02-20 | 2019-02-20 | Harvesting header for ball vegetables |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109845472A CN109845472A (en) | 2019-06-07 |
| CN109845472B true CN109845472B (en) | 2024-06-21 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201910126067.2A Active CN109845472B (en) | 2019-02-20 | 2019-02-20 | Harvesting header for ball vegetables |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110326427A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-10-15 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of reversal means chain type sugarcane supporting device |
| CN111512826A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-08-11 | 孙彩娜 | Guangdong flowering cabbage separating and packaging device with deinsectization function |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN209861608U (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-12-31 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Harvesting header for nodulated vegetables |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3160410B2 (en) * | 1993-02-01 | 2001-04-25 | 小橋工業株式会社 | Head vegetable harvester |
| JP2910889B2 (en) * | 1992-07-30 | 1999-06-23 | 小橋工業株式会社 | Head vegetable harvester |
| JP3300113B2 (en) * | 1993-07-21 | 2002-07-08 | 小橋工業株式会社 | Head vegetable harvester |
| JP3455281B2 (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 2003-10-14 | 三菱農機株式会社 | Vegetable harvester |
| JP3624432B2 (en) * | 1994-06-03 | 2005-03-02 | 井関農機株式会社 | Headed vegetable harvesting machine |
| JP4934838B2 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2012-05-23 | 独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | Headed vegetable harvesting machine |
| JP2010252677A (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2010-11-11 | Yamazono Shokki Seisakusho:Kk | Vegetable harvester |
| CN203194147U (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-09-18 | 浙江大学 | Vegetable pulling device suitable for harvesting cabbage vegetables |
| CN203327552U (en) * | 2013-05-21 | 2013-12-11 | 浙江大学 | Guide soil brushing device of cabbage vegetable harvester |
| CN203327545U (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2013-12-11 | 浙江大学 | Ball type vegetable harvester |
| CN205005492U (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2016-02-03 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | Light simple type leaf dish vegetable harvesting machine |
| CN205179771U (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-04-27 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | Vegetable harvesting machine feeding cutting device |
| CN105340475A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-02-24 | 泰州常发农业工程技术有限公司 | Self-propelled leaf vegetable harvester |
| CN107517644B (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2023-05-12 | 沈阳农业大学 | Harvester for leaf vegetables |
| CN208029477U (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-11-02 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of orderly cropper of leaf vegetables |
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- 2019-02-20 CN CN201910126067.2A patent/CN109845472B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN209861608U (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-12-31 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Harvesting header for nodulated vegetables |
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