CN109803746A - 用臭氧进行低温气体清洁的方法和用于该方法的催化袋式过滤器 - Google Patents
用臭氧进行低温气体清洁的方法和用于该方法的催化袋式过滤器 Download PDFInfo
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- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl sulfide Chemical compound CSC QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000790917 Dioxys <bee> Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XUVYWBZETQFDHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co]=O.[O-2].[Al+3].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3] Chemical compound [Co]=O.[O-2].[Al+3].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3] XUVYWBZETQFDHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003863 metallic catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006385 ozonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 sulphur compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种用于清洁被挥发性有机化合物(VOC)和/或含硫化合物污染的贫气流的方法，其包括以下步骤：向被污染的贫气流添加臭氧；使含臭氧的贫气流经受紫外线照射，从而将VOC转化为颗粒；将经照射的气流保持在停留区中足够的时间，以允许气溶胶颗粒生长；以及使气流在低至室温的温度下通过催化袋式过滤器，以除去形成的颗粒并消除任何剩余的臭氧。袋式过滤器已经通过用一种或多种金属氧化物浸渍而产生催化性能，其中金属选自V、W、Pd和Pt，其负载在TiO2上。
Description
本发明涉及用臭氧低温清洁贫气的方法和用于该方法的催化袋式过滤器。更具体地，根据本发明的方法包括向被挥发性有机化合物(VOC)和/或含硫化合物(例如H2S或二甲基硫醚)污染的贫气流添加臭氧，以及使由此处理的贫气流经受紫外(UV)光照射。然后，将经照射的气流保持在停留区中足够的时间，以允许在UV处理之后气溶胶颗粒生长。随后在催化袋式过滤器中除去形成的颗粒。
以前，贫气流没有任何清洁就被排放到周围的环境中。然而，随着法规变得越来越严格，必须对这种气流采取一些措施。如今，通常使用再生热氧化器(RTO)或洗涤器。
催化工艺用于从废气中除去有害组分。在这方面，就节省能源并同时保持高催化活性而言，降低催化反应的温度是重要的。因此，研究和探索旨在寻找有效的低温催化剂或新的催化工艺。在这方面，一种合适的方法是臭氧催化氧化(OZCO方法)，其在催化氧化反应中使用臭氧作为氧化剂。
已知臭氧(三氧，O3)是用于废物和饮用水处理、杀菌和除臭的强氧化剂。它是一种氧的同素异形体，稳定性明显低于双原子同素异形体O2，在低层大气中分解为正常的二氧。如上所述，臭氧是一种强力氧化剂(远远超过二氧)，因此它具有许多与氧化相关的工业应用。由于臭氧的相当强的氧化能力和分子氧作为副产物形成，有时选择臭氧进行氧化。事实上，与化学替代品相比，使用臭氧进行氧化至少具有以下优点：
-臭氧可以在现场产生，
-臭氧迅速分解为氧气，不留痕迹，
-反应不产生有毒的卤化化合物，和
-臭氧比其他常见的氧化剂更快且更完全地起作用。
然而，由于臭氧本身是有毒的这一事实，必须从这些氧化过程中除去残留的臭氧。此外，即使浓度低至约100ppb，臭氧对动植物组织也非常有害，因此它是一种不能被排放的污染物。由于这些原因，许多研究致力于寻找用于使用臭氧的氧化反应的合适催化剂，并且还寻找在这种氧化反应之后除去残留臭氧的有效方法。
现在已经令人惊讶地发现，用钒、钨、钯或铂浸渍的催化袋式过滤器可以在低温下显著降低挥发性有机化合物(VOC)和/或含硫化合物(例如H2S或二甲基硫醚)在已添加臭氧的贫气流中的含量。更令人惊讶地是，已经进一步发现，该催化剂不仅降低了气流中的VOC和/或硫含量，而且还除去了任何残留的臭氧。
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 446,226-236(2015)涉及在低温(即50-200℃)下进行的用臭氧在纳米级Fe2O3-ZrO2催化剂上对二甲基硫醚(DMS)进行气相催化氧化的研究。催化剂与本发明的方法中使用的催化剂不同，并且未提及可能的VOC去除。
在Applied Catalysis A:General 298,109-114(2008)中描述了通过在氧化铝负载的氧化钴催化剂体系(其具有过化学计量的氧(CoOx/Al2O3))上用臭氧对VOC和CO进行催化氧化，伴随着臭氧的非均相催化分解。催化剂也不同于本发明的方法中使用的催化剂，并且未提及可能的硫化合物去除。
Applied Catalysis B:Environmental 75,29-38(2007)涉及通过臭氧和光催化氧化工艺的组合来分解气相甲苯。使用的催化剂被涂覆在玻璃板上，而本发明中使用的催化剂浸渍到袋式过滤器中。该现有技术中提到的结果不是明确的。
US 2006/0084571 A1公开了一种低温臭氧催化剂，其为金属氧化物。催化剂的具体目的是转化(即破坏)臭氧，特别是在飞机引气中。这是通过臭氧破坏***完成的，该***由核和施加于核的活性金属氧化物载体涂料(washcoat)组成，其破坏臭氧。金属氧化物包含Cu、Fe、Co、Ni的氧化物或其组合。
在US 2011/0171094A1中，描述了用于从空气流中去除颗粒和VOC的装置和方法。在该方法中，由空气流携带的颗粒通过电晕电离器而带电，然后通过电离器下游的电增强过滤器来收集。电增强过滤器下游的催化过滤器除去VOC以及由电离器产生的臭氧。
US 2014/0065047 A1描述了通过催化臭氧氧化来处理气体。臭氧氧化催化剂具有由金属体、陶瓷或涂覆有金属的聚合物纤维形成的多孔体。催化性贵金属组合物(贵金属是钯，铂或两者)沉积在多孔体的表面上，并且催化性贵金属组合物由中孔分子筛负载的贵金属颗粒形成。气体处理包括添加臭氧，使气体通过包含臭氧氧化催化剂的过滤器以及除去VOC。
最后，从EP 2 119 974 A1中已知一种用于清洁空气的方法和装置。待清洁的空气用臭氧处理，并且还可能用水、氨或其他气溶胶生长促进剂处理，经受UV光并保持足够的时间以允许气溶胶颗粒生长。然后，向空气中的颗粒提供电荷并使其通过静电过滤器，最后空气流过催化剂以分解残留的臭氧。催化剂可以是本领域已知的任何臭氧去除催化剂。
本发明涉及一种用于清洁被挥发性有机化合物(VOC)和/或含硫化合物污染的贫气流的新方法，所述方法包括：
-向被污染的贫气流添加臭氧，
-使含臭氧的贫气流经受紫外线照射，从而将VOC转化为颗粒，
-将经照射的气流保持在停留区中足够的时间，以允许气溶胶颗粒生长，以及
-使气流在低至室温的温度下通过催化袋式过滤器，以除去形成的颗粒并消除任何剩余的臭氧，
其中袋式过滤器已经通过用催化剂物质浸渍而产生催化性能。
优选地，催化剂物质含有负载在TiO2上的金属钒、钨、钯和铂中的一种或多种。
催化袋式过滤器由基材、载体和一种或多种催化材料组成。催化剂物质的基材是具有编织玻璃纤维形式的纤维结构，并且载体可以是二氧化钛或另一合适的化合物。催化材料可以是钒、钨、钯和铂。载体(TiO2)本身可以在本发明的方法中具有催化活性。
袋式过滤器非常适合从气流中除去灰尘和颗粒状物质。催化袋式过滤器具有双重用途，即能够从气流中除去颗粒并催化气体中的一种或多种期望的反应。催化袋式过滤器通常包括两层或三层过滤织物，每层含有定制的催化剂，该催化剂被优化用于从通过它的气体中除去特定种类的化合物。灰尘和其他颗粒状物质将沉积在外袋的表面上，从那里可以容易地将其除去。两层或三层结构提供了灵活性，以针对不同目的定制不同的催化组合。
特别优选为袋式过滤器的各个层定制不同的催化组合，使得催化袋式过滤器的内层含有特别有效地除去臭氧的催化物质，而其他层含有更有效除去VOC的催化物质。这是因为气体以从外部到内部的方向穿过袋层，并且清洁方法的最后一步是除去臭氧。
在本发明的方法中，向贫气流添加臭氧。原则上，任何臭氧源都可以用于臭氧处理步骤，并且在后续工艺步骤中在气体的UV光处理期间产生一些臭氧。
气流从臭氧添加步骤进入UV照射处理步骤。根据设备设计，这两个步骤可以合为一个步骤。
波长在100至330nm之间的广谱UV光最初将臭氧分解为氧气(O2)和氧自由基(O*)，但在本发明的背景下，UV照射的主要特征是通过UV光将气流中存在的任何VOC转化为颗粒。
然后，将经照射的气流保持在停留区中足够的时间，以允许转化的VOC的颗粒生长。
最后，使气流通过催化袋式过滤器，以除去形成的颗粒并消除任何剩余的臭氧。这在低至室温的温度下进行，更具体地在20至200℃，优选低于50℃的温度下进行。
在根据本发明的方法中使用的催化剂物质由基材和用一种或多种金属氧化物浸渍的载体组成，其中金属选自钒、钨、钯和铂。
催化剂载体优选为二氧化钛，且优选的金属氧化物为氧化钒。
除了将VOC和/或含硫化合物除去至非常低的残留水平之外，本发明的方法还具有以下重要特征，即该方法中使用的特定催化剂能够除去任何残留的臭氧。这是非常重要的，因为如前所述，臭氧的毒性非常大，因此必须彻底除去来自气体清洁方法的任何残留臭氧。
迄今为止在各种实施方案中使用的臭氧去除催化剂包括MgO2或铝催化剂、碳载金属氧化物、涂敷有氯化铜的碳纤维、碳-铁气溶胶颗粒、CaruliteTM和金属催化剂。
Claims (9)
1.一种清洁被挥发性有机化合物(VOC)和/或含硫化合物污染的贫气流的方法，所述方法包括：
-向被污染的贫气流添加臭氧，
-使含臭氧的贫气流经受紫外线照射，从而将VOC转化为颗粒，
-将经照射的气流保持在停留区中足够的时间，以允许气溶胶颗粒生长，以及
-使气流在低至室温的温度下通过催化袋式过滤器，以除去形成的颗粒并消除任何剩余的臭氧，
其中袋式过滤器已经通过用催化剂物质浸渍而产生催化性能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中催化剂物质含有负载在TiO2上的一种或多种金属氧化物，其中金属选自钒、钨、钯和铂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中催化剂物质含有负载在TiO2上的钒。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中催化剂物质含有负载在TiO2上的钒和钯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中催化剂物质含有负载在TiO2上的钒和铂。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中催化袋式过滤器包括用所选的催化剂物质浸渍的两层或三层过滤织物，并且其中外层捕获在停留区中形成的颗粒。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中催化袋式过滤器的内层含有特别有效地除去臭氧的催化物质，而其他层含有更有效地除去VOC的催化物质。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中温度为20至200℃。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中温度低于50℃。
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Application publication date: 20190524 |