CN109716990A - The nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultural method of Upland Red Soil - Google Patents
The nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultural method of Upland Red Soil Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultural methods of Upland Red Soil, comprising the following steps: (1) selection of land；(2) site preparation and fertilizer is buried；(3) paper mulberry selection of seedling；(4) it transplants；(5) it cuts and cuts down；(6) top dressing；(7) arid water drenching；(8) it cuts weeds；(9) paper mulberry overgrow root canal reason；(10) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.The effective component of paper mulberry is effectively improved using implantation methods of the invention, the economic value of paper mulberry is improved, is provided strong support for the development and utilization of paper mulberry, compared with the existing technology, greatly improve ensiling raw material biological yield, the recurrence rate of pest and disease damage is decreased, plantation efficiency is improved, has saved cost, shorten growth cycle, meanwhile paper mulberry content of beary metal limitation related lower than country to farm chemical ingredients content, existing market can be met to the very big demand of ensiling raw material paper mulberry.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to paper mulberry technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultivation of Upland Red Soil
Method.
[background technique]
Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) also known as Chu Tao, Paper mulberry Fruit, Chu Shu, sandpaper tree, Gu Mu, paddy slurry tree
Deng for deciduous tree.Paper mulberry has the characteristics that fast-growing, adaptable, distribution is wide, easily breeding, heat height, the period of felling in turn is short.Its root
System is shallow, and lateral root distribution is wide, and growth is fast, and rudiment power and tillering ability are strong, resistance to trimming.In Hebei in China, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, wide
The ground such as east, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan are distributed, no matter Plain, hills or mountainous region can be grown, leaf is good
Livestock feed, bast fiber are the high-grade materials of papermaking, and root and seed can be used as medicine, and sap can control skin disease, economic valence
It is worth very high.Wherein, hybridize paper mulberry well developed root system, fixing of soil and conservation of water, rainwash is controlled soil erosion and to prevent desertification of land from having aobvious
Works is used；Fast growing assimilates carbon dioxide and receives waste ability strong, and quickly vegetation construction and Ecological Afforestation, construction are beautiful for energy
Beautiful rural area realizes that environmental benefit is combined with economic benefit.Most importantly, hybridization paper mulberry blade is rich in albumen, amino acid
It is excellent protein Woody feed raw material with mineral nutrition etc..The a large amount of plantations for hybridizing paper mulberry can obtain functional thick egg
White feed solves to strive ground contradiction with grain, and peasant household can be helped to shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity, and improves the ecological environment of poverty-stricken area, realizes warp
The combination of Ji, ecology, social Three benefits.However, paper mulberry has stronger absorption and enrichment energy to the heavy metal in soil
Power, and absorb the heavy metal overwhelming majority accumulation paper mulberry aerial part, wherein have 60% or more accumulation paper mulberry leaf portion,
If the improper content of beary metal for often resulting in paper mulberry blade and fruit of Cultivate administration causes food chain to be pacified beyond national limit standard
Full problem.Currently, the cultural method or technology of paper mulberry, which are limited primarily to production paper mulberry blade, makees ensiling raw material, and do not consider that paper mulberry is fresh
Tender stem branch makees ensiling raw material together, and the cultural method of paper mulberry or technology are only limitted to kind of paper mulberry living or a high-yield culturing, without examining
Consider raising and livestock product safety of the paper mulberry as ensiling raw material.
Chinese patent application document " a kind of efficient implantation methods of paper mulberry (publication number: CN106718490A) " discloses one
The implantation methods of kind paper mulberry；Include following steps: (1) cuttage and seedling culture；(2) planting soil, transplanting；(3) water and fertilizer management；(4) pest and disease damage
Management, the survival rate of seedling is effectively increased with the implantation methods of the invention, but there are paper mulberry yield, crude protein content, thick rouge
The mutually low problem of fat content.
[summary of the invention]
The present invention provides a kind of nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultural method of Upland Red Soil, to solve paper mulberry yield, thick egg
The low actual techniques problem of Bai Hanliang, crude fat content.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultural method of Upland Red Soil, comprising the following steps: (1) selection of land；(2) site preparation
With bury fertilizer；(3) paper mulberry selection of seedling；(4) it transplants；(5) it cuts and cuts down；(6) top dressing；(7) arid water drenching；(8) it cuts weeds；(9) paper mulberry
Root canal of overgrowing reason；(10) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, it is characterised in that: in step (2) site preparation and bury the compound organic fertilizer selected in fertilizer, wrap
Include following raw material: urea, calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium chloride, pig manure, cow dung, corn stover dissection, hydrated lime in powder, boron mud, sulfuric acid are sub-
Iron, polyaminoacid sodium, polyethylene glycol oxide, starch graft acrylic acid sodium, study on brassinolide, chitosan oligomer；
The polyaminoacid sodium, polyethylene glycol oxide, starch graft acrylic acid sodium, study on brassinolide, chitosan oligomer weight
Amount is than being (2-4): (2.4-3): (1.4-2): (0.5-0.8): (0.7-1.2).
Further, the compound organic fertilizer, as unit of parts by weight, including following raw material: 4-8 parts of urea, calcium and magnesium
6-12 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 2-4 parts of potassium chloride, 10-20 parts of pig manure, 12-23 parts of cow dung, 18-35 parts of corn stover dissection, hydrated lime in powder
0.6-1.2 parts, 1.3-1.8 parts of boron mud, 0.3-0.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-4 parts of polyaminoacid sodium, 2.4-3 parts of polyethylene glycol oxide,
1.4-2 parts of starch graft acrylic acid sodium, 0.5-0.8 parts of study on brassinolide, 0.7-1.2 parts of chitosan oligomer.
Further, step (1) selection of land: selecting the gradient less than 30 °, 0-40cm soil layer pH < 6.5,0-40cm soil layer cadmium,
Mercury, arsenic, copper, lead, chromium and Zn content be respectively lower than 0.25mg/kg, 0.25mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 55mg/kg, 50mg/kg,
90mg/kg, 115mg/kg, and apart from 5 kilometers of the discharge of the pollution such as chemical plant, stope and smeltery exhaust gas and dust pollution enterprise
Above Upland Red Soil.
Further, step (2) site preparation and bury fertilizer: paper mulberry transplants mid or late October last year, with mechanical removal earth's surface weeds,
The main root system of plant in shrub and other crops and 0-30cm depth soil layer；Early or mid November, on the ground in the plot put in order
Every spacing 45-50cm digs the kind planting ditch of depth 30-35cm, width 40-45cm along same contour direction with mini-excavator on table,
And rout up soil in kind of planting ditch, then since bottom of trench, 5-6cm is filled after the paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer of every dispenser 2-3cm thickness
Thick soil makes the sandwich cake structure of 3-5 layers of paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer and soil formation in kind of planting ditch, plants planting ditch surface layer soil
Covering is filled and led up until planting ditch will be planted, then with the black film mulching kind planting ditch of width 50cm, thickness 0.01mm.
Further, step (3) paper mulberry selection of seedling: paper mulberry nursery stock is hybridization paper mulberry kind, and month last year 6-7 uses can
Non-woven bag of degrading cultivates cuttage seeding, seedling or tissue-cultured seedling, and tender leaf be averaged 23% or more crude protein content, washing fiber content
16% hereinafter, plant height 35-45cm, stem epidermis yellowish-brown or dark brown, the complete lignifying of stem branch, stem branch are without leaf when transplanting
Piece.
Further, step (4) is transplanted: paper mulberry transplants current year early or mid March, after drenching in conjunction with rainfall surface layer soil,
A diameter 15-20cm osculum is scratched every 80-85cm on black mulch film, digs out 1 below black mulch film osculum with small point hoe
The paper mulberry nursery stock of suspend mode, is then transplanted in vesicle by the vesicle of a wide 10cm, depth 15cm together with non-woven bag, and structure is planted in every cave
1 plant of sapling wood, immediately then earthing compacting vesicle and broussonetia papyrifera seedlings, every cave water drenching 4-5kg scratch black mulch film osculum original
Black mulch film covers, and compresses mulch with soil；
In water drenching used cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, copper, chromium and Zn content be respectively lower than 0.005mg/kg, 0.001mg/kg,
0.02mg/kg、0.03mg/kg、0.01mg/kg、0.04mg/kg、1mg/kg。
Further, step (5), which is cut, cuts down: when transplanting current year paper mulberry nursery stock grows young leaves 3-4 piece, apart from ground 12-
Stem level is cut at 16cm, to promote primary lateral branches to sprout；When primary lateral branches grow to 50-60cm, apart from level-one side
Branch, which is sprouted, cuts primary lateral branches at 6-8cm, and the primary lateral branches and fresh leaf cut do ensiling raw material；Hereafter to October, every batch of is sprouted
Sending out the new branch that grows has 80% when growing to 45-50cm, cuts new branch at new branch sprouting, the new branch cut and fresh
Leaf does ensiling raw material；The new branch that November, December sprout, which is no longer cut, to be cut down, and is retained overwintering；
After transplanting second year, the new branch that annual mid-March retains last year is wiped out at sprouting, and hereafter sprouting is grown
New branch has 80%-90% to grow to 45-50cm, new branch base portion emerald green, and new branch epidermis does not occur brown plaque or becomes
Before brown, is cut at new branch sprouting and cut down new branch and fresh leaf does ensiling raw material；The new branch that annual November, December sprout is not
It cuts and cuts down again, retain overwintering.
Further, step (6) top dressing: the late May for transplanting First Year combines rainfall apart from paper mulberry base portion 10-20cm
Spread fertilizer over the fields 50g/ plants of urea, 30g/ plants of potassium chloride in place；The early August for transplanting First Year combines rainfall apart from paper mulberry base portion 10-
Compound fertilizer 50g/ plants is spread fertilizer over the fields at 20cm；
Transplant second year and later, annual mid-March the ring in one depth 3-5cm of digging apart from paper mulberry base portion 15-25cm at
Then ditch applies 0.5kg/ plants of paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer in circular groove, and covers organic fertilizer with the soil dug out；Annual late June
Compound fertilizer 100g/ plants is being spread fertilizer over the fields at paper mulberry base portion 15-25cm in conjunction with rainfall；
First the black mulch film of covering is raised when fertilising, black mulch film is resetted again after fertilising and is covered, if mulch wind
When change tearing is serious, more renew covering with ground sheeting in time.
Further, the arid water drenching of step (7): in annual April to October, continuous 12 days or more the arid days without rainfall are encountered
Gas, and when the kind planting ditch topsoil small slight crack of appearance, in 5-6kg/ plants of paper mulberry base portion water drenching.
In water drenching used cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, copper, chromium and Zn content be respectively lower than 0.005mg/kg, 0.001mg/kg,
0.02mg/kg、0.03mg/kg、0.01mg/kg、0.04mg/kg、1mg/kg。
Further, step (10) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: it is light-operated black that the every 400-450 square meter of paper mulberry planting site installs 1 20W
Light trap lamp is to trap and kill primary pest, blacklight trap light source distance ground 2.5m；There is leaf brown spot in paper mulberry, Sooty mould occurs
When with public nuisance-free agricultural chemicals Bravo and Mancozeb by specification extension rate and spray number prevention and treatment, but every batch of ensiling raw material structure
Hedge clipper cuts down first 20 days and does not spray any pesticide；There is the fragmentary slight hazard of disease pest in paper mulberry plant, can extract in time and be compromised branch
Leaf and corresponding disease pest；There is disease pest and seriously endangers and can not sprout new buds or young leaves in paper mulberry plant, and killed plant is connected root and is dug
Processing is burnt out.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) by the data of embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 7 as it can be seen that the average mu of the method plantation paper mulberry using embodiment 1-3
Production amount of wood, average yield per mu leaf amount, average production time, average crude protein content, average crude fat content, which have, obviously to be mentioned
Height illustrates method of the invention better than the prior art (comparative example 7), is conducive to improve yield, shortens paper mulberry growth cycle, improves
Quality and productivity effect；Simultaneously by the data of embodiment 1-3 as it can be seen that embodiment 2 is optimum embodiment.
(2) by embodiment 2 and the data of comparative example 1-6 as it can be seen that polyaminoacid sodium, polyethylene glycol oxide, starch-grafted propylene
Sour sodium, study on brassinolide, chitosan oligomer play synergistic effect in preparing compound organic fertilizer, and collaboration improves the flat of paper mulberry
Equal per mu yield amount of wood, average yield per mu leaf amount, average production time, average crude protein content, average crude fat content, this is:
Polyaminoacid sodium can increase soil porosity and water-holding capacity, help to improve soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, be structure
Tree root growth and development creates good conditions, and improves timber and leaf yield, shortens growth cycle；Polyethylene glycol oxide contains hydrophilic
End, can be in conjunction with compound organic fertilizer particle, and polyethylene glycol oxide has good water resistance, and its strand can in water very
Good stretching, extension is uniformly arranged in interface, increases steric hindrance, makes the sub- rapid dispersion of compound fertilizer granule in water, is conducive to structure
Tree absorbs, and improves yield and average crude protein content, average crude fat content accumulation；Starch graft acrylic acid sodium can be used as fertilizer
Slow releasing carrier material, when being used cooperatively with polyaminoacid sodium, polyethylene glycol oxide, paper mulberry can be increased to fertilizer absorptivity, improved
Paper mulberry timber and leaf yield and average crude protein content, average crude fat content accumulation；Division of the study on brassinolide to cell
Have apparent facilitation, can lead the differentiation of bud thoroughly, side shoot is promoted to generate, increase branch number and the number of sheets, improve paper mulberry timber and
The yield and shortening growth cycle of leaf；Amino in chitosan oligomer structure has the gentle control property of complexing, ion exchangeable,
It can not only be continuously paper mulberry in conjunction with compound organic fertilizer material intermediate ion group and nutrient, long action time are provided, moreover it is possible to swash
Defensin gene in paper mulberry body is sent out, generate the chitinase with resistant effect, dextranase, protect element and PR albumen etc., and have and live
Change cytosis, facilitate the recovery of aggrieved paper mulberry, promoting root growth strong sprout enhances the resistance of crop, promotes paper mulberry growth cycle must
The various stages of warp, such as light and active phase make paper mulberry itself pass through photosynthesis etc. and obtain the amount of product and maintain oneself enough
The growth of body；Chitosan oligomer also has antivirus, bactericidal, fungicidal action, not only has to fungi, bacterium, virus extremely strong
Prevention and treatment and eradicant action, protect paper mulberry body, make paper mulberry body disease resistance, anti-tolerance enhancing；Chitosan oligomer and rape element
Lactone can promote paper mulberry growth and average crude protein to contain with the use of can be improved paper mulberry to the absorption of study on brassinolide
Amount, average crude fat content accumulation, and can prevent leaf from falling, the effective component and timber, leaf for effectively increasing paper mulberry produce
Amount, improves the economic value of paper mulberry.
(3) effective component that paper mulberry is effectively improved using implantation methods of the invention, improves the economic valence of paper mulberry
Value provides strong support for the development and utilization of paper mulberry, compared with the existing technology, greatly improves ensiling raw material biological yield,
The recurrence rate of pest and disease damage is decreased, plantation efficiency is improved, has saved cost, shortens growth cycle, meanwhile, a paper mulberry huge sum of money
Belong to content limitation related lower than country to farm chemical ingredients content, existing market can be met to the very big demand of ensiling raw material paper mulberry.
(4) the method for the present invention can realize that annual April to October is primary every 40-45 days harvesting ensiling raw material paper mulberries, every batch of
Ensiling raw material paper mulberry average length 45cm or more, ensiling raw material paper mulberry are averaged 35.3% or more crude protein content, average crude fat
6.84% or more content, average neutral detergent fiber content 15% is hereinafter, averagely acidic cleaning fiber content 12% is hereinafter, and green
It stores raw material paper mulberry content of beary metal and farm chemical ingredients content to limit the quantity lower than " GB/T 17890-2008 feed corn ", can be poultry
It herds cultivation and safe ensiling raw material is provided.
(5) the method for the present invention can use the fresh and tender stem branch of paper mulberry together with fresh and tender blade together as ensiling raw material, can be effective
Improve paper mulberry utilization efficiency.
[specific embodiment]
It to facilitate a better understanding of the present invention, is illustrated by following embodiment, these embodiments belong to of the invention
Protection scope, but do not limit the scope of the invention.
The nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultural method of Upland Red Soil, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land: the selection gradient is less than 30 °, 0-40cm soil layer pH < 6.5,0-40cm soil layer cadmium, mercury, arsenic, copper, lead, chromium
And Zn content is respectively lower than 0.25mg/kg, 0.25mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 55mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 90mg/kg, 115mg/kg,
And the Upland Red Soil of 5 kilometers of exhaust gas discharge and dust pollution enterprise or more is polluted apart from chemical plant, stope and smeltery etc..
(2) site preparation and bury fertilizer: paper mulberry transplants mid or late October last year, with mechanical removal earth's surface weeds, shrub and other works
The main root system of plant in object and 0-30cm depth soil layer.Early or mid November, every spacing in the earth's surface in the plot put in order
45-50cm digs the kind planting ditch of depth 30-35cm, width 40-45cm along same contour direction with mini-excavator, and will plant planting ditch
Interior soil is routed up, and then since bottom of trench, the soil of 5-6cm thickness is filled after the paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer of every dispenser 2-3cm thickness,
Making the sandwich cake structure of 3-5 layers of paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer and soil formation in kind of planting ditch, kind planting ditch surface layer is covered with soil, until
Kind of a planting ditch is filled and led up, then with the black film mulching kind planting ditch of width 50cm, thickness 0.01mm.
Paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer used, as unit of parts by weight, including following raw material: 4-8 parts of urea (containing N 46.4%),
6-12 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate (contains P2O515%), potassium chloride 2-4 parts (contain K2O 60%), 10-20 parts of (moisture content 12%- of pig manure
15%), cow dung 12-23 parts (moisture content 12%-15%), corn stover dissection 18-35 parts of (moisture content 15%-20%, sections
Long 2-3cm, section thickness 0.5-1cm), 0.6-1.2 parts of hydrated lime in powder, 1.3-1.8 parts of boron mud, 0.3-0.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, poly- ammonia
It is 2-4 parts of base acid sodium, 2.4-3 parts of polyethylene glycol oxide, 1.4-2 parts of starch graft acrylic acid sodium, 0.5-0.8 parts of study on brassinolide, low
0.7-1.2 parts of chitosan；Preparation method is made after each group lease making is mixed evenly pile fermentation 1 month；Gained paper mulberry
Compound organic fertilizer content of beary metal and Harmful ingredient content are limited the quantity lower than " NY 884-2012 biological organic fertilizer national standard ".
(3) paper mulberry selection of seedling: paper mulberry nursery stock is hybridization paper mulberry kind, is trained using degradable nonwoven fabrics bag month last year 6-7
Educate cuttage seeding, seedling or tissue-cultured seedling, tender leaf is averaged 23% or more crude protein content content, washing fiber content 16% hereinafter,
Plant height 35-45cm, stem epidermis yellowish-brown or dark brown, the complete lignifying of stem branch, stem branch are without blade when transplanting.
(4) transplant: paper mulberry transplants current year early or mid March, in conjunction with rainfall surface layer soil it is drenched after, on black mulch film every
80-85cm scratches a diameter 15-20cm osculum, and 1 wide 10cm, depth 15cm are dug out below black mulch film osculum with small point hoe
Vesicle, then the paper mulberry nursery stock of suspend mode is transplanted in vesicle together with non-woven bag, every cave plants 1 plant of paper mulberry nursery stock, immediately
Earthing is compacted vesicle and broussonetia papyrifera seedlings, then every cave water drenching 4-5kg covers the former black mulch film scratched of black mulch film osculum,
And mulch is compressed with soil.
In water drenching used cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, copper, chromium and Zn content be respectively lower than 0.005mg/kg, 0.001mg/kg,
0.02mg/kg、0.03mg/kg、0.01mg/kg、0.04mg/kg、1mg/kg。
(5) it cuts and cuts down: when transplanting current year paper mulberry nursery stock grows young leaves 3-4 piece, at the 12-16cm of ground that stem is horizontal
It cuts, to promote primary lateral branches to sprout；When primary lateral branches grow to 50-60cm, sprout at 6-8cm apart from primary lateral branches by one
Grade side shoot is cut, and the primary lateral branches and fresh leaf cut do ensiling raw material；Hereafter to by the end of October, every batch of, which sprouts the new branch grown, to be had
80% when growing to 45-50cm, cuts new branch at new branch sprouting, the new branch and fresh leaf cut do ensiling raw material；11
The new branch that the moon, December sprout, which is no longer cut, to be cut down, and is retained overwintering.
After transplanting second year, the new branch that annual mid-March retains last year is wiped out at sprouting, and hereafter sprouting is grown
New branch has 80%-90% to grow to 45-50cm, new branch base portion emerald green, and new branch epidermis does not occur brown plaque or becomes
Before brown, is cut at new branch sprouting and cut down new branch and fresh leaf does ensiling raw material.The new branch that annual November, December sprout is not
It cuts and cuts down again, retain overwintering.
(6) top dressing: the late May for transplanting First Year combines rainfall spreading fertilizer over the fields urea at paper mulberry base portion 10-20cm
50g/ plants, 30g/ plants of potassium chloride；The early August of transplanting First Year combines rainfall spreading fertilizer over the fields at paper mulberry base portion 10-20cm again
Hefei (N-P2O5-K2O is 15-5-10) 50g/ plants.
Transplant second year and later, annual mid-March the ring in one depth 3-5cm of digging apart from paper mulberry base portion 15-25cm at
Then ditch applies 0.5kg/ plants of paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer in circular groove, and covers organic fertilizer with the soil dug out；Annual late June
Compound fertilizer (N- P is being spread fertilizer over the fields at paper mulberry base portion 15-25cm in conjunction with rainfall2O5-K2O is 15-5-10) 100g/ plants.
First the black mulch film of covering is raised when fertilising, black mulch film is resetted again after fertilising and is covered.If mulch wind
When change tearing is serious, more renew covering with ground sheeting in time.
(7) arid water drenching: annual April to October encounters continuous 12 days or more the dry weathers without rainfall, and plants planting ditch table
When small slight crack occurs in layer soil, in 5-6kg/ plants of paper mulberry base portion water drenching.
In water drenching used cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, copper, chromium and Zn content be respectively lower than 0.005mg/kg, 0.001mg/kg,
0.02mg/kg、0.03mg/kg、0.01mg/kg、0.04mg/kg、1mg/kg。
(8) cut weeds: when paper mulberry, which in the ranks weeds occurs, to overgrow, what soil was wet after rainfall manually uproots impurity removal
Grass, arid topsoil it is hard manually or grass trimmer cuts off aerial part weeds.
(9) paper mulberry overgrow root canal reason: paper mulberry root system grows plant in the ranks overgrowing and sprouting, in time will be outside kind of planting ditch
Paper mulberry plant is excavated together with root system；Paper mulberry root system, which is overgrow in kind of planting ditch and sprouted, grows plant, is cut by above-mentioned steps 5
It cuts down.
(10) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: the every 400-450 square meter of paper mulberry planting site installs 1 light-operated blacklight trap of 20W to trap and kill
Primary pest, blacklight trap light source distance ground 2.5m；Public nuisance-free agricultural chemicals when leaf brown spot occurs in paper mulberry, Sooty mould occurs
Bravo and Mancozeb by specification extension rate are prevented and treated with number is sprayed, but every batch of ensiling raw material paper mulberry cuts and cuts down first 20 days not
Spray any pesticide.There is the fragmentary slight hazard of disease pest in paper mulberry plant, can extract in time and be compromised branches and leaves and corresponding disease pest；Structure
There is disease pest and seriously endangers and can not sprout new buds or young leaves in tree plant, killed plant connected root digs out and burn processing.
It is illustrated below by more specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultural method of Upland Red Soil, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land: the selection gradient is less than 29 °, 6-20cm soil layer pH < 6.2,6-20cm soil layer cadmium, mercury, arsenic, copper, lead, chromium
And Zn content is respectively lower than 0.25mg/kg, 0.25mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 55mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 90mg/kg, 115mg/
Kg, and the Upland Red Soil apart from the pollution such as chemical plant, stope and smeltery exhaust gas 6.3 kilometers of discharge and dust pollution enterprise.
(2) site preparation and bury fertilizer: paper mulberry transplants mid or late October last year, with mechanical removal earth's surface weeds, shrub and other works
The main root system of plant in object and 0-30cm depth soil layer.Early or mid November, every spacing in the earth's surface in the plot put in order
50cm digs the kind planting ditch of depth 35cm, width 42cm along same contour direction with mini-excavator, and soil in kind of planting ditch is turned over
Out, then since bottom of trench, the soil of 6cm thickness is filled after the paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer of every dispenser 3cm thickness, makes paper mulberry in kind of planting ditch
Compound organic fertilizer and soil form 5 layers of sandwich cake structure, and kind planting ditch surface layer is covered with soil, filled and led up until planting ditch will be planted, so
Afterwards with the black film mulching kind planting ditch of width 50cm, thickness 0.01mm.
Paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer used, as unit of parts by weight, including following raw material: 8 parts of urea (containing N 46.4%), calcium
12 parts of magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer (contains P2O515%), 4 parts of potassium chloride (contains K2O 60%), 10 parts of pig manure (moisture content -15%), cow dung 12
Part (moisture content 12%), 35 parts of corn stover dissection (moisture content 15%, segment length 3cm, section thickness 1cm), hydrated lime in powder 1.2
Part, 1.8 parts of boron mud, 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate, 4 parts of polyaminoacid sodium, 3 parts of polyethylene glycol oxide, 2 parts of starch graft acrylic acid sodium, rue
0.8 part of a kind of sedge element lactone, 0.7 part of chitosan oligomer；Preparation method is made after each group lease making is mixed evenly pile fermentation 1 month
At；Gained paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer content of beary metal and Harmful ingredient content are lower than " NY 884-2012 biological organic fertilizer country mark
It is quasi- " limitation.
(3) paper mulberry selection of seedling: paper mulberry nursery stock is hybridization paper mulberry kind, is cultivated using degradable nonwoven fabrics bag June last year
Cuttage seeding, seedling or tissue-cultured seedling, tender leaf are averaged 26% or more crude protein content, and washing fiber content 14% is hereinafter, when transplanting
Plant height 45cm, stem epidermis yellowish-brown or dark brown, the complete lignifying of stem branch, stem branch are without blade.
(4) transplant: paper mulberry transplants current year early or mid March, in conjunction with rainfall surface layer soil it is drenched after, on black mulch film every
85cm scratches a diameter 15cm osculum, with small point hoe dig out below black mulch film osculum 1 wide 10cm, depth 15cm it is small
Then the paper mulberry nursery stock of suspend mode is transplanted in vesicle by cave together with non-woven bag, every cave plants 1 plant of paper mulberry nursery stock, immediately earthing
Vesicle and broussonetia papyrifera seedlings are compacted, then the former black mulch film scratched of black mulch film osculum is covered, and uses mud by every cave water drenching 5kg
Soil pressure tightly film.
In water drenching used cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, copper, chromium and Zn content be respectively lower than 0.005mg/kg, 0.001mg/kg,
0.02mg/kg、0.03mg/kg、0.01mg/kg、0.04mg/kg、1mg/kg。
(5) it cuts and cuts down: when transplanting current year paper mulberry nursery stock grows young leaves 3-4 piece, cutting stem level at the 16cm of ground
It is disconnected, to promote primary lateral branches to sprout；When primary lateral branches grow to 60cm, sprout at 8cm apart from primary lateral branches by primary lateral branches
It cuts, the primary lateral branches and fresh leaf cut do ensiling raw material；Hereafter to by the end of October, every batch of, which sprouts the new branch grown, 80% length
When to 45cm, new branch is cut at new branch sprouting, the new branch and fresh leaf cut do ensiling raw material；November, December sprout
The new branch of hair, which is no longer cut, to be cut down, and is retained overwintering.
After transplanting second year, the new branch that annual mid-March retains last year is wiped out at sprouting, and hereafter sprouting is grown
New branch has 90% to grow to 45cm, new branch base portion emerald green, before new branch epidermis does not occur brown plaque or becomes brown,
It is cut at new branch sprouting and cuts down new branch and fresh leaf does ensiling raw material.The new branch that annual November, December sprout, which is no longer cut, to be cut down, and is stayed
It deposits overwintering.
(6) top dressing: the late May for transplanting First Year combines rainfall spreading fertilizer over the fields urea 50g/ at paper mulberry base portion 20cm
Strain, 30g/ plants of potassium chloride；The early August of transplanting First Year combines rainfall spreading fertilizer over the fields compound fertilizer (N- at paper mulberry base portion 20cm
P2O5-K2O is 15-5-10) 50g/ plants.
Transplant second year and later, annual mid-March one depth 5cm of digging apart from paper mulberry base portion 15cm at circular groove, so
0.5kg/ plants of paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer are applied in circular groove afterwards, and covers organic fertilizer with the soil dug out；Annual late June combines drop
Rain is spreading fertilizer over the fields compound fertilizer (N-P at paper mulberry base portion 15-25cm2O5-K2O is 15-5-10) 100g/ plants.
First the black mulch film of covering is raised when fertilising, black mulch film is resetted again after fertilising and is covered.If mulch wind
When change tearing is serious, more renew covering with ground sheeting in time.
(7) arid water drenching: annual April to October encounters continuous 12 days or more the dry weathers without rainfall, and plants planting ditch table
When small slight crack occurs in layer soil, in 6kg/ plants of paper mulberry base portion water drenching.
In water drenching used cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, copper, chromium and Zn content be respectively lower than 0.005mg/kg, 0.001mg/kg,
0.02mg/kg、0.03mg/kg、0.01mg/kg、0.04mg/kg、1mg/kg。
(8) cut weeds: when paper mulberry, which in the ranks weeds occurs, to overgrow, what soil was wet after rainfall manually uproots impurity removal
Grass, arid topsoil it is hard manually or grass trimmer cuts off aerial part weeds.
(9) paper mulberry overgrow root canal reason: paper mulberry root system grows plant in the ranks overgrowing and sprouting, in time will be outside kind of planting ditch
Paper mulberry plant is excavated together with root system；Paper mulberry root system, which is overgrow in kind of planting ditch and sprouted, grows plant, is cut by above-mentioned steps 5
It cuts down.
(10) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: it is main to trap and kill that every 450 square meter of paper mulberry planting site installs 1 light-operated blacklight trap of 20W
Pest, blacklight trap light source distance ground 2.5m；With hundred bacterium of public nuisance-free agricultural chemicals when there is leaf brown spot in paper mulberry, Sooty mould occurs
Cleer and peaceful Mancozeb by specification extension rate is prevented and treated with number is sprayed, but every batch of ensiling raw material paper mulberry cuts to cut down first 20 days and not spray
Any pesticide.There is the fragmentary slight hazard of disease pest in paper mulberry plant, can extract in time and be compromised branches and leaves and corresponding disease pest；Paper mulberry is planted
There is disease pest and seriously endangers and can not sprout new buds or young leaves in strain, killed plant connected root digs out and burn processing.
Embodiment 2
A kind of nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultural method of Upland Red Soil, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land: the selection gradient is less than 26 °, 0-30cm soil layer pH < 6.5,0-30cm soil layer cadmium, mercury, arsenic, copper, lead, chromium
And Zn content is respectively lower than 0.25mg/kg, 0.25mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 55mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 90mg/kg, 115mg/
Kg, and the Upland Red Soil apart from the pollution such as chemical plant, stope and smeltery exhaust gas 5.2 kilometers of discharge and dust pollution enterprise.
(2) site preparation and bury fertilizer: paper mulberry transplants mid or late October last year, with mechanical removal earth's surface weeds, shrub and other works
The main root system of plant in object and 0-20cm depth soil layer.Early or mid November, every spacing in the earth's surface in the plot put in order
46cm digs the kind planting ditch of depth 32cm, width 44cm along same contour direction with mini-excavator, and soil in kind of planting ditch is turned over
Out, then since bottom of trench, the soil of 5.5cm thickness is filled after the paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer of every dispenser 2.6cm thickness, is made in kind of planting ditch
Paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer and soil form 4 layers of sandwich cake structure, and kind planting ditch surface layer is covered with soil, filled out until planting ditch will be planted
It is flat, then with the black film mulching kind planting ditch of width 50cm, thickness 0.01mm.
Paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer used, as unit of parts by weight, including following raw material: 7 parts of urea (containing N 46.4%), calcium
10 parts of magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer (contains P2O515%), 3 parts of potassium chloride (contains K2O 60%), 17 parts of pig manure (moisture content 13%), 20 parts of cow dung
30 parts of (moisture content 15%), corn stover dissection (moisture content 20%, segment length 2.5cm, section thickness 0.7cm), hydrated lime in powder 1
Part, 1.5 parts of boron mud, 0.4 part of ferrous sulfate, 3.2 parts of polyaminoacid sodium, 2.8 parts of polyethylene glycol oxide, starch graft acrylic acid sodium
1.8 parts, 0.7 part of study on brassinolide, 0.9 part of chitosan oligomer；Preparation method is that pile fermentation is mixed evenly in each group lease making
It is made after 1 month；Gained paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer content of beary metal and Harmful ingredient content are lower than " NY 884-2012 biology has
Machine fertilizer national standard " limitation.
(3) paper mulberry selection of seedling: paper mulberry nursery stock is hybridization paper mulberry kind, is cultivated using degradable nonwoven fabrics bag June last year
Cuttage seeding, tender leaf are averaged 23% or more crude protein content, and washing fiber content 16% is hereinafter, plant height 40cm, stem table when transplanting
Beijing opera brown or dark brown, the complete lignifying of stem branch, stem branch are without blade.
(4) transplant: paper mulberry transplants current year early or mid March, in conjunction with rainfall surface layer soil it is drenched after, on black mulch film every
82cm scratches a diameter 17cm osculum, with small point hoe dig out below black mulch film osculum 1 wide 10cm, depth 15cm it is small
Then the paper mulberry nursery stock of suspend mode is transplanted in vesicle by cave together with non-woven bag, every cave plants 1 plant of paper mulberry nursery stock, immediately earthing
Vesicle and broussonetia papyrifera seedlings are compacted, then the former black mulch film scratched of black mulch film osculum is covered, is used in combination by every cave water drenching 4.6kg
Soil compresses mulch.
In water drenching used cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, copper, chromium and Zn content be respectively lower than 0.005mg/kg, 0.001mg/kg,
0.02mg/kg、0.03mg/kg、0.01mg/kg、0.04mg/kg、1mg/kg。
(5) it cuts and cuts down: when transplanting current year paper mulberry nursery stock grows young leaves 3, cutting stem level at the 15cm of ground,
To promote primary lateral branches to sprout；When primary lateral branches grow to 56cm, primary lateral branches are cut at 7cm being sprouted apart from primary lateral branches
Disconnected, the primary lateral branches and fresh leaf cut do ensiling raw material；Hereafter to by the end of October, every batch of, which sprouts the new branch grown, has 80% to grow to
When 48cm, new branch is cut at new branch sprouting, the new branch and fresh leaf cut do ensiling raw material；November, December sprout
New branch no longer cut and cut down, retain overwintering.
After transplanting second year, the new branch that annual mid-March retains last year is wiped out at sprouting, and hereafter sprouting is grown
New branch has 85% to grow to 46cm, new branch base portion emerald green, before new branch epidermis does not occur brown plaque or becomes brown,
It is cut at new branch sprouting and cuts down new branch and fresh leaf does ensiling raw material.The new branch that annual November, December sprout, which is no longer cut, to be cut down, and is retained
It is overwintering.
(6) top dressing: the late May for transplanting First Year combines rainfall spreading fertilizer over the fields urea 50g/ at paper mulberry base portion 15cm
Strain, 30g/ plants of potassium chloride；The early August of transplanting First Year combines rainfall spreading fertilizer over the fields compound fertilizer (N- at paper mulberry base portion 16cm
P2O5-K2O is 15-5-10) 50g/ plants.
Transplant second year and later, annual mid-March one depth 4cm of digging apart from paper mulberry base portion 22cm at circular groove, so
0.5kg/ plants of paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer are applied in circular groove afterwards, and covers organic fertilizer with the soil dug out；Annual late June combines drop
Rain is spreading fertilizer over the fields compound fertilizer (N-P at paper mulberry base portion 22cm2O5-K2O is 15-5-10) 100g/ plants.
First the black mulch film of covering is raised when fertilising, black mulch film is resetted again after fertilising and is covered.If mulch wind
When change tearing is serious, more renew covering with ground sheeting in time.
(7) arid water drenching: annual April to October encounters continuous 12 days or more the dry weathers without rainfall, and plants planting ditch table
When small slight crack occurs in layer soil, in 5.5kg/ plants of paper mulberry base portion water drenching.
In water drenching used cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, copper, chromium and Zn content be respectively lower than 0.005mg/kg, 0.001mg/kg,
0.02mg/kg、0.03mg/kg、0.01mg/kg、0.04mg/kg、1mg/kg。
(8) cut weeds: when paper mulberry, which in the ranks weeds occurs, to overgrow, what soil was wet after rainfall manually uproots impurity removal
Grass, arid topsoil it is hard manually or grass trimmer cuts off aerial part weeds.
(9) paper mulberry overgrow root canal reason: paper mulberry root system grows plant in the ranks overgrowing and sprouting, in time will be outside kind of planting ditch
Paper mulberry plant is excavated together with root system；Paper mulberry root system, which is overgrow in kind of planting ditch and sprouted, grows plant, is cut by above-mentioned steps 5
It cuts down.
(10) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: it is main to trap and kill that every 420 square meter of paper mulberry planting site installs 1 light-operated blacklight trap of 20W
Pest, blacklight trap light source distance ground 2.5m；With hundred bacterium of public nuisance-free agricultural chemicals when there is leaf brown spot in paper mulberry, Sooty mould occurs
Cleer and peaceful Mancozeb by specification extension rate is prevented and treated with number is sprayed, but every batch of ensiling raw material paper mulberry cuts to cut down first 20 days and not spray
Any pesticide.There is the fragmentary slight hazard of disease pest in paper mulberry plant, can extract in time and be compromised branches and leaves and corresponding disease pest；Paper mulberry is planted
There is disease pest and seriously endangers and can not sprout new buds or young leaves in strain, killed plant connected root digs out and burn processing.
Embodiment 3
A kind of nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultural method of Upland Red Soil, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land: selection the gradient less than 28 °, 10-40cm soil layer pH < 6.5,10-40cm soil layer cadmium, mercury, arsenic, copper, lead,
Chromium and Zn content are respectively lower than 0.25mg/kg, 0.25mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 55mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 90mg/kg, 115mg/
Kg, and the Upland Red Soil apart from the pollution such as chemical plant, stope and smeltery exhaust gas 6 kilometers of discharge and dust pollution enterprise.
(2) site preparation and bury fertilizer: paper mulberry transplants mid or late October last year, with mechanical removal earth's surface weeds, shrub and other works
The main root system of plant in object and 0-25cm depth soil layer.Early or mid November, every spacing in the earth's surface in the plot put in order
45cm digs the kind planting ditch of depth 30cm, width 45cm along same contour direction with mini-excavator, and soil in kind of planting ditch is turned over
Out, then since bottom of trench, the soil of 5cm thickness is filled after the paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer of every dispenser 2cm thickness, makes paper mulberry in kind of planting ditch
Compound organic fertilizer and soil form 5 layers of sandwich cake structure, and kind planting ditch surface layer is covered with soil, filled and led up until planting ditch will be planted, so
Afterwards with the black film mulching kind planting ditch of width 50cm, thickness 0.01mm.
Paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer used, as unit of parts by weight, including following raw material: 4 parts of urea (containing N 46.4%), calcium
12 parts of magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer (contains P2O515%), 2 parts of potassium chloride (contains K2O 60%), 10 parts of pig manure (moisture content 14%), 23 parts of cow dung
18 parts of (moisture content -15%), corn stover dissection (moisture content 20%, segment length 3cm, section thickness 0.5cm), hydrated lime in powder 0.6
Part, 1.3 parts of boron mud, 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate, 2 parts of polyaminoacid sodium, 2.4 parts of polyethylene glycol oxide, starch graft acrylic acid sodium 1.4
Part, 0.5 part of study on brassinolide, 0.7 part of chitosan oligomer；Preparation method is that each group lease making is mixed evenly pile fermentation 1
It is made after month；Gained paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer content of beary metal and Harmful ingredient content are lower than " NY 884-2012 biological organic fertilizer
National standard " limitation.
(3) paper mulberry selection of seedling: paper mulberry nursery stock is hybridization paper mulberry kind, is cultivated using degradable nonwoven fabrics bag July last year
Seedling, tender leaf are averaged 23% or more crude protein content, and washing fiber content 15% is hereinafter, plant height 35cm, stem table when transplanting
Beijing opera brown or dark brown, the complete lignifying of stem branch, stem branch are without blade.
(4) transplant: paper mulberry transplants current year early or mid March, in conjunction with rainfall surface layer soil it is drenched after, on black mulch film every
80cm scratches a diameter 15cm osculum, with small point hoe dig out below black mulch film osculum 1 wide 10cm, depth 15cm it is small
Then the paper mulberry nursery stock of suspend mode is transplanted in vesicle by cave together with non-woven bag, every cave plants 1 plant of paper mulberry nursery stock, immediately earthing
Vesicle and broussonetia papyrifera seedlings are compacted, then the former black mulch film scratched of black mulch film osculum is covered, and uses mud by every cave water drenching 4kg
Soil pressure tightly film.
In water drenching used cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, copper, chromium and Zn content be respectively lower than 0.005mg/kg, 0.001mg/kg,
0.02mg/kg、0.03mg/kg、0.01mg/kg、0.04mg/kg、1mg/kg。
(5) it cuts and cuts down: when transplanting current year paper mulberry nursery stock grows young leaves 3, cutting stem level at the 12cm of ground,
To promote primary lateral branches to sprout；When primary lateral branches grow to 50-60cm, sprout at 6cm apart from primary lateral branches by primary lateral branches
It cuts, the primary lateral branches and fresh leaf cut do ensiling raw material；Hereafter at the bottom of 10 months, every batch of, which sprouts the new branch grown, 80%
When growing to 48cm, new branch is cut at new branch sprouting, the new branch and fresh leaf cut do ensiling raw material；November, December
The new branch sprouted, which is no longer cut, to be cut down, and is retained overwintering.
After transplanting second year, the new branch that annual mid-March retains last year is wiped out at sprouting, and hereafter sprouting is grown
New branch has 80% to grow to 45cm, new branch base portion emerald green, before new branch epidermis does not occur brown plaque or becomes brown,
It is cut at new branch sprouting and cuts down new branch and fresh leaf does ensiling raw material.The new branch that annual November, December sprout, which is no longer cut, to be cut down, and is stayed
It deposits overwintering.
(6) top dressing: the late May for transplanting First Year combines rainfall spreading fertilizer over the fields urea 50g/ at paper mulberry base portion 10cm
Strain, 30g/ plants of potassium chloride；The early August of transplanting First Year combines rainfall spreading fertilizer over the fields compound fertilizer (N- at paper mulberry base portion 10cm
P2O5-K2O is 15-5-10) 50g/ plants.
Transplant second year and later, annual mid-March one depth 3cm of digging apart from paper mulberry base portion 15cm at circular groove, so
0.5kg/ plants of paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer are applied in circular groove afterwards, and covers organic fertilizer with the soil dug out；Annual late June combines drop
Rain is spreading fertilizer over the fields compound fertilizer (N-P at paper mulberry base portion 15cm2O5-K2O is 15-5-10) 100g/ plants.
First the black mulch film of covering is raised when fertilising, black mulch film is resetted again after fertilising and is covered.If mulch wind
When change tearing is serious, more renew covering with ground sheeting in time.
(7) arid water drenching: annual April to October encounters continuous 12 days or more the dry weathers without rainfall, and plants planting ditch table
When small slight crack occurs in layer soil, in 5kg/ plants of paper mulberry base portion water drenching.
In water drenching used cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, copper, chromium and Zn content be respectively lower than 0.005mg/kg, 0.001mg/kg,
0.02mg/kg、0.03mg/kg、0.01mg/kg、0.04mg/kg、1mg/kg。
(8) cut weeds: when paper mulberry, which in the ranks weeds occurs, to overgrow, what soil was wet after rainfall manually uproots impurity removal
Grass, arid topsoil it is hard manually or grass trimmer cuts off aerial part weeds.
(9) paper mulberry overgrow root canal reason: paper mulberry root system grows plant in the ranks overgrowing and sprouting, in time will be outside kind of planting ditch
Paper mulberry plant is excavated together with root system；Paper mulberry root system, which is overgrow in kind of planting ditch and sprouted, grows plant, is cut by above-mentioned steps 5
It cuts down.
(10) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: it is main to trap and kill that every 430 square meter of paper mulberry planting site installs 1 light-operated blacklight trap of 20W
Pest, blacklight trap light source distance ground 2.5m；With hundred bacterium of public nuisance-free agricultural chemicals when there is leaf brown spot in paper mulberry, Sooty mould occurs
Cleer and peaceful Mancozeb by specification extension rate is prevented and treated with number is sprayed, but every batch of ensiling raw material paper mulberry cuts to cut down first 20 days and not spray
Any pesticide.There is the fragmentary slight hazard of disease pest in paper mulberry plant, can extract in time and be compromised branches and leaves and corresponding disease pest；Paper mulberry is planted
There is disease pest and seriously endangers and can not sprout new buds or young leaves in strain, killed plant connected root digs out and burn processing.
Comparative example 1
It is essentially identical with the preparation process of embodiment 2, have only unlike preparation step (2) site preparation selected in fertilizer with burying
Lack polyaminoacid sodium, polyethylene glycol oxide, starch graft acrylic acid sodium, study on brassinolide, oligomeric in the raw material of compound organic fertilizer
Chitosan.
Comparative example 2
It is essentially identical with the preparation process of embodiment 2, have only unlike preparation step (2) site preparation selected in fertilizer with burying
Lack polyaminoacid sodium in the raw material of compound organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 3
It is essentially identical with the preparation process of embodiment 2, have only unlike preparation step (2) site preparation selected in fertilizer with burying
Lack polyethylene glycol oxide in the raw material of compound organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 4
It is essentially identical with the preparation process of embodiment 2, have only unlike preparation step (2) site preparation selected in fertilizer with burying
Lack starch graft acrylic acid sodium in the raw material of compound organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 5
It is essentially identical with the preparation process of embodiment 2, have only unlike preparation step (2) site preparation selected in fertilizer with burying
Lack study on brassinolide in the raw material of compound organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 6
It is essentially identical with the preparation process of embodiment 2, have only unlike preparation step (2) site preparation selected in fertilizer with burying
Lack chitosan oligomer in the raw material of compound organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 7
Implemented using Chinese patent application document " a kind of efficient implantation methods of paper mulberry (publication number: CN106718490A) "
The method of example 1-5 plants paper mulberry.
28 mu of soil plantation paper mulberries substantially the same manner as Example 2 are randomly selected, are divided into 14 pieces, 2 mu every piece, 1-9 block
The method plantation paper mulberry of embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-6 is respectively adopted；Embodiment 1- in comparative example 7 is respectively adopted in 10-14 block
5 method plants paper mulberry, is tracked, is recorded to the growing state of 14 pieces of ground paper mulberries respectively, and measures each piece of ground structure respectively
Average yield per mu amount of wood, average yield per mu leaf amount, average production time, average crude protein content, the average crude fat content of tree,
As a result as shown in the table.
As seen from the above table: (1) by the data of embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 7 as it can be seen that the method using embodiment 1-3 is planted
The average yield per mu amount of wood of paper mulberry, average yield per mu leaf amount, average production time, average crude protein content, average crude fat contain
Amount is significantly improved, and illustrates method of the invention better than the prior art (comparative example 7), is conducive to improve yield, shortens paper mulberry
Growth cycle improves quality and productivity effect；Simultaneously by the data of embodiment 1-3 as it can be seen that embodiment 2 is optimum embodiment.
(2) by embodiment 2 and the data of comparative example 1-6 as it can be seen that polyaminoacid sodium, polyethylene glycol oxide, starch-grafted propylene
Sour sodium, study on brassinolide, chitosan oligomer play synergistic effect in preparing compound organic fertilizer, and collaboration improves the flat of paper mulberry
Equal per mu yield amount of wood, average yield per mu leaf amount, average production time, average crude protein content, average crude fat content, this is:
Polyaminoacid sodium can increase soil porosity and water-holding capacity, help to improve soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, be structure
Tree root growth and development creates good conditions, and improves timber and leaf yield, shortens growth cycle；Polyethylene glycol oxide contains hydrophilic
End, can be in conjunction with compound organic fertilizer particle, and polyethylene glycol oxide has good water resistance, and its strand can in water very
Good stretching, extension is uniformly arranged in interface, increases steric hindrance, makes the sub- rapid dispersion of compound fertilizer granule in water, is conducive to structure
Tree absorbs, and improves yield and average crude protein content, average crude fat content accumulation；Starch graft acrylic acid sodium can be used as fertilizer
Slow releasing carrier material, when being used cooperatively with polyaminoacid sodium, polyethylene glycol oxide, paper mulberry can be increased to fertilizer absorptivity, improved
Paper mulberry timber and leaf yield and average crude protein content, average crude fat content accumulation；Division of the study on brassinolide to cell
Have apparent facilitation, can lead the differentiation of bud thoroughly, side shoot is promoted to generate, increase branch number and the number of sheets, improve paper mulberry timber and
The yield and shortening growth cycle of leaf；Amino in chitosan oligomer structure has the gentle control property of complexing, ion exchangeable,
It can not only be continuously paper mulberry in conjunction with compound organic fertilizer material intermediate ion group and nutrient, long action time are provided, moreover it is possible to swash
Defensin gene in paper mulberry body is sent out, generate the chitinase with resistant effect, dextranase, protect element and PR albumen etc., and have and live
Change cytosis, facilitate the recovery of aggrieved paper mulberry, promoting root growth strong sprout enhances the resistance of crop, promotes paper mulberry growth cycle must
The various stages of warp, such as light and active phase make paper mulberry itself pass through photosynthesis etc. and obtain the amount of product and maintain oneself enough
The growth of body；Chitosan oligomer also has antivirus, bactericidal, fungicidal action, not only has to fungi, bacterium, virus extremely strong
Prevention and treatment and eradicant action, protect paper mulberry body, make paper mulberry body disease resistance, anti-tolerance enhancing；Chitosan oligomer and rape element
Lactone can promote paper mulberry growth and average crude protein to contain with the use of can be improved paper mulberry to the absorption of study on brassinolide
Amount, average crude fat content accumulation, and can prevent leaf from falling, the effective component and timber, leaf for effectively increasing paper mulberry produce
Amount, improves the economic value of paper mulberry.
The above content is it cannot be assumed that present invention specific implementation is only limited to these instructions, for the technical field of the invention
Those of ordinary skill for, under the premise of not departing from present inventive concept, a number of simple deductions or replacements can also be made, all answers
When being considered as belonging to present invention scope of patent protection determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultural method of Upland Red Soil, comprising the following steps: (1) selection of land；(2) site preparation with bury
Fertilizer；(3) paper mulberry selection of seedling；(4) it transplants；(5) it cuts and cuts down；(6) top dressing；(7) arid water drenching；(8) it cuts weeds；(9) paper mulberry overgrows
Root canal reason；(10) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, it is characterised in that: in step (2) site preparation and the compound organic fertilizer selected in fertilizer is buried, including with
Lower raw material: urea, potassium chloride, pig manure, cow dung, corn stover dissection, hydrated lime in powder, boron mud, ferrous sulfate, gathers calcium magnesium phosphate
Amino acid sodium, polyethylene glycol oxide, starch graft acrylic acid sodium, study on brassinolide, chitosan oligomer；
The weight ratio of the polyaminoacid sodium, polyethylene glycol oxide, starch graft acrylic acid sodium, study on brassinolide, chitosan oligomer
For (2-4): (2.4-3): (1.4-2): (0.5-0.8): (0.7-1.2).
2. the nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultural method of Upland Red Soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Compound organic fertilizer, as unit of parts by weight, including following raw material: 4-8 parts of urea, 6-12 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 2-4 parts of potassium chloride,
10-20 parts of pig manure, 12-23 parts of cow dung, 18-35 parts of corn stover dissection, 0.6-1.2 parts of hydrated lime in powder, 1.3-1.8 parts of boron mud,
0.3-0.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-4 parts of polyaminoacid sodium, 2.4-3 parts of polyethylene glycol oxide, 1.4-2 parts of starch graft acrylic acid sodium,
0.5-0.8 parts of study on brassinolide, 0.7-1.2 parts of chitosan oligomer.
3. the nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultural method of Upland Red Soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(1) selection of land: the selection gradient is less than 30 °, 0-40cm soil layer pH < 6.5,0-40cm soil layer cadmium, mercury, arsenic, copper, lead, chromium and Zn content
Respectively lower than 0.25mg/kg, 0.25mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 55mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 90mg/kg, 115mg/kg, and apart from change
Factory, stope and smeltery pollute the Upland Red Soil of 5 kilometers of exhaust gas discharge and dust pollution enterprise or more.
4. the nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultural method of Upland Red Soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(2) site preparation and bury fertilizer: paper mulberry transplants mid or late October last year, with mechanical removal earth's surface weeds, shrub and other crops and 0-
The main root system of plant in 30cm depth soil layer；Early or mid November, in the earth's surface in the plot put in order every spacing 45-50cm along
Same contour direction digs the kind planting ditch of depth 30-35cm, width 40-45cm with mini-excavator, and soil in kind of planting ditch is routed up,
Then since bottom of trench, the soil of 5-6cm thickness is filled after the paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer of every dispenser 2-3cm thickness, makes structure in kind of planting ditch
The sandwich cake structure of 3-5 layers of compound organic fertilizer and soil formation is set, kind planting ditch surface layer is covered with soil, filled out until planting ditch will be planted
It is flat, then with the black film mulching kind planting ditch of width 50cm, thickness 0.01mm.
5. the nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultural method of Upland Red Soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(3) paper mulberry selection of seedling: paper mulberry nursery stock be hybridization paper mulberry kind, month last year 6-7 using degradable nonwoven fabrics bag cultivation cuttage seeding,
Seedling or tissue-cultured seedling, tender leaf are averaged 23% or more crude protein content, and washing fiber content 16% is hereinafter, plant height 35- when transplanting
45cm, stem epidermis yellowish-brown or dark brown, the complete lignifying of stem branch, stem branch are without blade.
6. the nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultural method of Upland Red Soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(4) transplant: paper mulberry transplants current year early or mid March, after drenching in conjunction with rainfall surface layer soil, every 80-85cm on black mulch film
A diameter 15-20cm osculum is scratched, digs out the vesicle of 1 wide 10cm, depth 15cm below black mulch film osculum with small point hoe,
Then the paper mulberry nursery stock of suspend mode is transplanted in vesicle together with non-woven bag, every cave plants 1 plant of paper mulberry nursery stock, and earthing is compacted immediately
Then the former black mulch film scratched of black mulch film osculum is covered, and uses soil by vesicle and broussonetia papyrifera seedlings, every cave water drenching 4-5kg
Compress mulch；
Cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, copper, chromium and Zn content are respectively lower than 0.005 mg/kg, 0.001mg/kg, 0.02mg/ in water drenching used
kg、0.03mg/kg、0.01mg/kg、0.04mg/kg、1mg/kg。
7. the nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultural method of Upland Red Soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(5) it cuts and cuts down: when transplanting current year paper mulberry nursery stock grows young leaves 3-4 piece, cutting stem level at the 12-16cm of ground, with
Primary lateral branches are promoted to sprout；When primary lateral branches grow to 50-60cm, sprout at 6-8cm apart from primary lateral branches by primary lateral branches
It cuts, the primary lateral branches and fresh leaf cut do ensiling raw material；Hereafter to October, every batch of, which sprouts the new branch grown, has 80% to grow to
When 45-50cm, new branch is cut at new branch sprouting, the new branch and fresh leaf cut do ensiling raw material；November, December sprout
The new branch of hair, which is no longer cut, to be cut down, and is retained overwintering；
After transplanting second year, the new branch that annual mid-March retains last year is wiped out at sprouting, hereafter sprouts the shoot grown
Item has 80%-90% to grow to 45-50cm, new branch base portion emerald green, before new branch epidermis does not occur brown plaque or becomes brown,
It is cut at new branch sprouting and cuts down new branch and fresh leaf does ensiling raw material；The new branch that annual November, December sprout, which is no longer cut, to be cut down, and is stayed
It deposits overwintering.
8. the nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultural method of Upland Red Soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(6) top dressing: the late May for transplanting First Year combines rainfall spreading fertilizer over the fields 50g/ plants of urea, chlorination at paper mulberry base portion 10-20cm
30g/ plants of potassium；The early August of transplanting First Year combines rainfall spreading fertilizer over the fields compound fertilizer 50g/ plants at paper mulberry base portion 10-20cm；
Transplant second year and later, annual mid-March one depth 3-5cm of digging apart from paper mulberry base portion 15-25cm at circular groove, so
0.5kg/ plants of paper mulberry compound organic fertilizer are applied in circular groove afterwards, and covers organic fertilizer with the soil dug out；Annual late June combines drop
Rain is spreading fertilizer over the fields compound fertilizer 100g/ plants at paper mulberry base portion 15-25cm；
First the black mulch film of covering is raised when fertilising, black mulch film is resetted again after fertilising and is covered, if mulch weathering is torn
When splitting serious, more renew covering with ground sheeting in time.
9. the nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultural method of Upland Red Soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(7) it arid water drenching: encounters continuous 12 days or more the dry weathers without rainfall annual April to October, and plants planting ditch topsoil and go out
When existing small slight crack, in 5-6kg/ plants of paper mulberry base portion water drenching；
Cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, copper, chromium and Zn content are respectively lower than 0.005mg/kg, 0.001mg/kg, 0.02mg/ in water drenching used
kg、0.03mg/kg、0.01mg/kg、0.04mg/kg、1mg/kg。
10. the nuisanceless ensiling raw material paper mulberry cultural method of Upland Red Soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(10) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: the every 400-450 square meter of paper mulberry planting site installs 1 light-operated blacklight trap of 20W to trap and kill primary pest,
Blacklight trap light source distance ground 2.5m；When there is leaf brown spot in paper mulberry, Sooty mould occurs with public nuisance-free agricultural chemicals Bravo and
Mancozeb by specification extension rate and spray number prevention and treatment, but every batch of ensiling raw material paper mulberry cut cut down do not spray within first 20 days it is any
Pesticide；There is the fragmentary slight hazard of disease pest in paper mulberry plant, can extract in time and be compromised branches and leaves and corresponding disease pest；Paper mulberry plant goes out
Existing disease pest is seriously endangered and can not be sprouted new buds or young leaves, killed plant is connected root digs out and burn processing.
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| CN112772081A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-11 | 蒙城县兴农绿巨人农业科技有限公司 | Seedling cultivation method for agricultural planting based on controlled release fertilizer |
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| CN109716990B (en) | 2021-08-17 |
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