CN109566313A - A kind of potato planting method that late autumn in winter rush early goes public - Google Patents
A kind of potato planting method that late autumn in winter rush early goes public Download PDFInfo
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- CN109566313A CN109566313A CN201910024761.3A CN201910024761A CN109566313A CN 109566313 A CN109566313 A CN 109566313A CN 201910024761 A CN201910024761 A CN 201910024761A CN 109566313 A CN109566313 A CN 109566313A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0231—Tunnels, i.e. protective full coverings for rows of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
Promote the potato planting method to early go public the present invention relates to a kind of late autumn in winter, belong to field of planting, this method comprises: Potato Cultivars selection, potato seed vernalization, potato seed Cotton seeds, determine date of seeding, site preparation, it is early apply N, P base fertilizer, potato seed band bud sowing ridging, overlay film, on ridge take Small plastic shed, control excessive growth promotes stem tuber to expand and potato blight prevention and treatment.The present invention effectively facilitates early emergence, early knot potato, improve stem tuber yampi rate, disadvantage and the yampi rate for overcoming the problems, such as to apply N fertilizer delay knot potato etc. after potato is broadcast be not high and hollow, foxiness easily occurs, foliar fertilizer+Trichoderma bacteria agent prevention and control epidemic disease simultaneously, is a kind of prevention and control measure of green ecological noresidue.The present invention makes potato, and listing is effectively increased production, increases income ahead of time；Being winter small spring sowing potato, season enters China fresh vegetables market ahead of time there is a serious shortage in the supply, while sweet potato grower can be promoted to increase a kind of planting technology of income, and the low altitude area area in southwest is suitble to promote and apply.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of potato planting method, especially a kind of late autumn in winter promotees the potato planting side to early go public
Method belongs to field of planting.
Background technique
Late autumn in winter Potato Industry has become the pillar industry in Yunnan Province's planting industry, is middle low altitude area winter farmers' income
One of main source.Since sowing season late autumn in winter is between January in November-, emerges between the honest 12-2 month, is easily influenced by frost,
Cause Potato Industry unstable, and causes havoc.Protectorate cultivation effectively can early go out in pre- frost protection and promotion
Seedling, stem tuber early expand, and are that crop field potato promotees the important link in producing that early goes public.
N fertilizer is one of potato nutrient demand amount highest element.It is known as in growth N early period and is conducive to increase leaf area, promoted
Robust plant growth, make cauline leaf growth it is in great numbers, leaf color is dark green, and photosynthesis is vigorous, can also Delaying Leaf-Senescence, increase later period light
Gesture is closed, organic matter accumulation is conducive to, significantly improves the rate of expanding of stem tuber, increases knot potato number and big-and-middle potato ratio, to reach
Volume increase.But it applies that N fertilizer is excessive, and special the middle and late growth stage dressing fertilizer destroys the reasonable distribution of nutrient, causes plant cauline leaf excessive growth, easily
Susceptible evil, delay stem tuber are mature, and the high plant of the amount of applying still keeps green, delay knot potato, a large amount of field trial tables in late growth stage
Bright, under the inductive condition of low temperature short-day, high-caliber N fertilizer can cause the delay of tuber growth.
Current planting technology, ahead of time harvest not high, the deficiency in economic performance that will lead to yampi rate.It is sprayed in tuber expansion period more
Azoles is imitated, can control potato aerial part excessive growth, and the effect for promoting under ground portion stem tuber to expand.But presently, there are spray
Time and dosage blindly, will cause aerial part organ catastrophic collapse or do not play the role of controlling excessive growth.
Winter small spring sowing potato main producing region mostly concentrates on middle low altitude area warm region, since the potato output value is higher, N fertilizer
Excessive application is blindly applied, and applies the N fertile time mostly all after planting or middle and later periods top dressing, is not only resulted in potato and is prolonged
Knot potato late, harvest yampi rate is not high ahead of time, is unfavorable for potato and lists ahead of time.Come simultaneously to the growth belt of second stubble crop rice fertile
Expect that excessive problem is more serious universal, causes pollution of area source to be also evident from environment.And in 3-4 month, China market is new
There is a serious shortage in the supply for fresh vegetables, and price is high during this period for potato, can not only enrich the vegetable basket of people, while can promote sweet potato grower
Increase income.
Therefore, based on the prior art there is also the problem of: N fertilizer lag, cause cauline leaf grow excessive growth, tuber growth development prolongs
Late；The potato seed germination and emergence time is long；It harvests in advance, yampi rate is low, deficiency in economic performance；Be subject to frostbite, easily occur it is hollow, brown
Spot.There is important social effect and production practices to be worth for the research that winter small spring sowing potato promotees to early go public.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of potato seed that late autumn in winter rush early goes public
Plant method, this method comprises: variety selection, potato seed vernalization, potato seed Cotton seeds, site preparation, the Forward of N fertilizer, the sowing of band bud, sowing guarantor
The cultivation of shield ground, ridging overlay film+Small plastic shed apply fertilizer to the subsoil, existing thunder-florescence control excessive growth promotes stem tuber to expand.It can pre- frost prevention
Freeze and promote early emergence, stem tuber early expands, and the N fertilizer due to previous planting technology can be overcome to be administered to second stubble crop rice and brought
N fertilizer overstock problem, pollution of area source problem is caused to environment, moreover it is possible to which the yampi rate for increasing potato increases according to the market price
The economic benefit harvested ahead of time.Improve potato standardized planting degree, application easy to spread.
To achieve the above object, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of potato planting method that late autumn in winter rush early goes public, includes the following steps:
Step (1), Potato Cultivars selection: low altitude area Qu Dongzuo, early spring make the Potato Cultivars planted during selection is suitable；
Step (2), potato seed vernalization:
Toxicity-removing white potato potato seed is selected, 30-40 days prior to seeding, potato seed is directly embedded in the place 20cm or so in the soil of greenhouse, is poured
Water soaks soil, and soil moisture content is built in 30-40%, or in the room of dark with thin quilt, and room temperature is maintained at 18-25
Degree, vernalization is to there is the long 1-3cm of bud bud；
Step (3), potato seed Cotton seeds:
Stripping and slicing in 7-8 days before broadcasting, the cutter of stripping and slicing is impregnated 3-5 minutes with liquor potassic permanganate to be cut again, guarantees have in each potato wedge
1-2 bud, shady place are dried, and then carry out spray coating processing with seed potato coating agent, sunning 1-2 days after being coated,
It is sowed later；
Step (4) determines date of seeding:
Winter make potato date of seeding determine by the end of October-mid-November, early spring makees potato date of seeding at the beginning of -1 month by the end of December；
Step (5), early applies N, P base fertilizer at site preparation:
7-10 days before broadcasting, urea and calcium magnesium phosphate uniformly being spread fertilizer over the fields on rice stubble, is then seeped water, rotary tillage is carefully harrowed after ground airing；
Step (6), potato seed band bud sow ridging:
Using the planting patterns of big 3 row of ridge, row spacing 89-91cm, spacing in the rows 15-20cm；Depth of sowing is 10cm-18cm, potato seed
Downward, soil layer >=3cm is isolated with fertilizer in potato seed for band bud section；
Step (7), overlay film:
After sowing ridging, envelope bud herbicide is sprayed, the envelope bud herbicide is 50% acetochlor ec, and amount of application is
75ml-150ml/ mus, even spraying；Select breadth 180-200cm, the white mulch of 0.008~0.01mm of thickness, interval is on film
Even earthing；
Step (8) takes Small plastic shed on ridge
Step (9), control excessive growth, promote stem tuber to expand:
Budding in potato to florescence, spray paclobutrazol 1-2 times of 60-90ppm, plant height is controlled in 40-60cm；
Step (10), potato blight prevention and treatment:
Carry out potato blight prevention and treatment；In the 3-4 middle of the month, when stem tuber diameter is 5-8cm, harvest lists ahead of time ahead of time or adjustment is received
Obtain phase, optimum period listing.
Further, in step (1), middle low altitude area region is at 500-2200 meters, wherein 500-1000 meters of height above sea level selection lifes
Educate the phase 70-85 days, resistance is strong, high yield Potato Cultivars, comprising: YS902, HZ88, beautiful 6 and YS304；1100-2200 meters
Height above sea level selects breeding time 80-95 days, resistance by force, the Potato Cultivars of high yield, comprising: YS902, HZ88, beautiful 6, YS304, meeting-
2, YS105, green potato 9 and cloud potato 305.
Further, in step (3), comprising the concrete steps that for processing is coated with seed potato coating agent:
It takes 72% agricultural streptomycin 2-4g, fluorine ring fludioxonil 10ml and thiophene worm to cough up white spirit and is watered 4-5kg together, mixing is equal
After even, spray liquid is made, spray coating processing is then carried out to 150-200kg stripping and slicing potato seed using the spray liquid；Or use trichoderma
Bacterium 1kg pulvis is coated processing to 150-200kg stripping and slicing potato seed seed dressing, and container cannot use the container for using fungicide,
Shady place stripping and slicing is not directly exposed to the sun in the sun and ultraviolet light is avoided to irradiate, and shady place is dried for use.
Further, in step (5), 30kg/ mus of urea and 20kg/ mus of calcium magnesium phosphate are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on rice stubble.
Further, in step (6), when fertilising, phoxim and controlled release grain size are regard as base manure after mixing,
The dosage of phoxim is that 1-2kg, the dosage of controlled release grain size are that 100-135kg, mu apply boric magnesium fertilizer 2kg per acre per acre, drop
Low stem tuber is hollow, foxiness risk, and ridging row spacing 1.6-2.0m when sowing, is highly 25-35cm.
Further, in step (6), after planting overlay film, depth of planting 15cm or so, potato seed wound is face-down, in potato seed
Farmyard manure one is covered, then earthing.
Further, in step (7), building hut is specifically the bamboo stick that 2 meters are plugged on ridge, and for bow at Small plastic shed, canopy is high
40-60cm, then covers canopy film again, and canopy film is white, thick 0.05mm, wide cut 230cm.
Further, in step (7), canopy film is opened to 6 pm in 9 points of the morning of fine day and is cooled down, covers canopy after 6 points of evening
Film, cloudy day do not open canopy film；Zhonghai36-1 asphalt to thoroughly taking off Small plastic shed canopy film by the end of February；Before and after 1900-2200 meters of height above sea level to Clear and Bright
Take off film.
Further, in step (9), 15% multiple-effect is taken, 1g is watered 1.665-2.5kg, after mixing, spray liquid is made,
Then spraying treatment is carried out to plant using the spray liquid；
Further, in step (10), epidemic prevention and control is comprised the concrete steps that: being sprayed foliar fertilizer and is prevented early, late blight；Feng Hanghou,
Prevention in 10 days is primary, prevents 3-4 times；In step (10), epidemic prevention and control is comprised the concrete steps that: spraying foliar fertilizer and fungicide prevention
Early, late blight；Feng Hanghou, prevention in 10 days is primary, prevents 3-4 times；Foliar fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, by potassium dihydrogen phosphate and trichoderma
Bacterium aqua 1-2:1 in mass ratio mixing, Trichoderma need secondary dilution, stir evenly, and sufficiently dissolve.Foliar fertilizer is every barrel of 30kg.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are specific as follows:
1, the present invention carries out potato seed vernalization and Cotton seeds, and the sowing of band bud and wound are face-down, and emergence rate is mentioned by original 86.6%
Height has done sth. in advance potato growing process to 95% or more, emergence in 5-9 days ahead of time and 7-10 days knot potatos, and stem tuber is promoted to expand.
2, the present invention moves forward N fertilizer, promotes aerial growth, increases the formation of photosynthetic leaf area and organic substance, no
It only may advantageously facilitate early knot potato, knot potato number improves, and big-and-middle potato rate increases, followed by reduction fertilizer amount, reduces environmental pollution etc.
Problem is one of the measure that agricultural crops subtract medicine.
3, the present invention in, the dosage of each period fertilizer and use opportunity, the especially application of calcium and magnesium boron fertilizer, be conducive to block
The raising of stem quality, reduction potato potato wedge physiological disease is for example hollow, the generation of foxiness, improves commodity competitiveness.
4, in the present invention, it is that potato wedge is promoted to expand that overlay film and the application of Small plastic shed+paclobutrazol, first, which heat rush precocity,
Average single stem tuber increases 30g-50g, and yampi rate increases 76%, reduces the generation of foxiness；Second, reduce frost damage.The
Three, than control volume increase 16.5%.
5, in the present invention, the use of foliar fertilizer and bacteria agent (Trichoderma) is environmentally protective without pesticide residue.
6, the present invention combine potato own growth characteristic, scientific and reasonable control planting conditions, effectively facilitate it is early emergence,
Early knot potato, improves stem tuber yampi rate, and the disadvantage and the not high and easy hair of yampi rate of N fertilizer delay knot potato etc. are applied after overcoming potato to broadcast
It the problem of raw hollow, foxiness, lists potato ahead of time and effectively increases production, increases income, be suitble to the low altitude area area popularization and application in southwest.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the Small plastic shed that the present invention is built.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.In the examples where no specific technique or condition is specified, described technology or item according to the literature in the art
Part is carried out according to product description.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is that can be obtained by purchase
Conventional products.
Embodiment 1
The late autumn in winter of the present embodiment promotees the potato planting method to early go public, includes the following steps:
Step (1), Potato Cultivars selection:
Selection builds the Potato Cultivars that the water area winter is made, early spring work is planted: YS902 in being suitable for；The breeding time 70-85 of the kind
It, resistance is strong, high yield.
Step (2), potato seed vernalization:
Toxicity-removing white potato potato seed is selected, 30 days prior to seeding, potato seed is directly embedded in the place 20cm or so in the soil of greenhouse, watering profit
Wet soil earth, soil moisture content is 30%, and vernalization is to there is long 2cm of bud bud or so；
Step (3), potato seed Cotton seeds:
Preceding stripping and slicing in 7 days is broadcast, the cutter of stripping and slicing is impregnated 3 minutes with liquor potassic permanganate to be cut again, guarantees there are 1-2 in each potato wedge
Bud, shady place are dried, and then carry out spray coating processing with seed potato coating agent, and sunning 1 day, carries out later after being coated
Sowing；Wherein, comprising the concrete steps that for processing is coated with seed potato coating agent:
It takes 72% agricultural streptomycin 3g, fluorine ring fludioxonil 10ml and thiophene worm to cough up white spirit and is watered 4kg together, after mixing,
Spray liquid is made, spray coating processing is then carried out to 180kg stripping and slicing potato seed using the spray liquid；Or with Trichoderma 1kg pulvis
Processing is coated to 160kg stripping and slicing potato seed seed dressing, container cannot use the container for using fungicide, stripping and slicing in the cool, no
It is directly exposed to the sun in the sun and ultraviolet light is avoided to irradiate, shady place is dried for use.
Step (4) determines date of seeding:
Winter make potato date of seeding determine by the end of October-mid-November, early spring makees potato date of seeding at the beginning of -1 month by the end of December；
Step (5), early applies N, P base fertilizer at site preparation:
10 days before broadcasting, 30kg/ mus of urea and 20kg/ mus of calcium magnesium phosphate are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on rice stubble, is then seeped water, ground is cool
Rotary tillage is carefully harrowed after dry；
Step (6), potato seed band bud sow ridging:
Using the planting patterns of big 3 row of ridge, row spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 18cm；Depth of sowing is 15cm or so, potato seed band bud section
Downward, farmyard manure one is covered in potato seed, then soil layer >=3cm is isolated with fertilizer in earthing, potato seed.
When fertilising, it regard phoxim and controlled release grain size as base manure after mixing, the dosage of phoxim is per acre
1.5kg, the dosage of controlled release grain size are 120kg per acre, and mu applies boric magnesium fertilizer 2kg, reduce that stem tuber is hollow, risk of foxiness,
Ridging row spacing 1.8m when sowing is highly 25-35cm.
Step (7), overlay film:
After sowing ridging, envelope bud herbicide is sprayed, the envelope bud herbicide is 50% acetochlor ec, and amount of application is
120ml/ mus, even spraying；Breadth 190cm is selected, the white mulch of thick 0.008mm is spaced uniform earthing on film；In fine day
9 points of morning opens canopy film to 6 pm and cools down, and late 6 rear cover upper greenhouses, the cloudy day does not open canopy film；This area to by the end of February thoroughly
Take off Small plastic shed canopy film.
Step (8) takes Small plastic shed on ridge:
Building hut is specifically the bamboo stick that 2 meters are plugged on ridge, is bent into Small plastic shed, then the high 50cm of canopy covers canopy film, canopy film again
For white, thick 0.05mm, wide cut 230cm, as shown in Figure 1.
Step (9), control excessive growth, promote stem tuber to expand:
Budding in potato to florescence, spray paclobutrazol 2 times of 80ppm, plant height is controlled in 50cm.15% multiple-effect is taken, 1g is watered
Spray liquid is made after mixing in 2.0kg, then carries out spraying treatment to plant using the spray liquid.
Step (10), potato blight prevention and treatment:
Carry out potato blight prevention and treatment；Epidemic prevention and control comprises the concrete steps that: spraying foliar fertilizer and prevents early, late blight；Feng Hanghou, 10
Its prevention is primary, prevents 4 times；Foliar fertilizer is every barrel of 30kg, will mix potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Trichoderma aqua 1:1 in mass ratio
It closes, Trichoderma needs secondary dilution, stirs evenly, and sufficiently dissolves.The 3-4 middle of the month harvests ahead of time when stem tuber diameter is 6cm or so
It lists ahead of time or adjusts harvest time, optimum period listing.
Embodiment 2
The late autumn in winter of the present embodiment promotees the potato planting method to early go public, includes the following steps:
Step (1), Potato Cultivars selection:
Selection is suitable for the Potato Cultivars that the middle 1100-2200 meters of Altitude Regions winters are made, early springs work is planted: YS105；The life of the kind
Educate the phase 70-85 days, resistance is strong, high yield.
Step (2), potato seed vernalization:
Toxicity-removing white potato potato seed is selected, 40 days prior to seeding, watering wetting soil, soil moisture content was 40%, in dark
It is built in room with thin quilt, room temperature is maintained at 20 degree, and vernalization is to there is the long 3cm of bud bud；
Step (3), potato seed Cotton seeds:
Preceding stripping and slicing in 8 days is broadcast, the cutter of stripping and slicing is impregnated 5 minutes with liquor potassic permanganate to be cut again, guarantees there are 1-2 in each potato wedge
Bud, shady place are dried, and then carry out spray coating processing with seed potato coating agent, and sunning 1 day, carries out later after being coated
Sowing；Wherein, comprising the concrete steps that for processing is coated with seed potato coating agent:
It takes 72% agricultural streptomycin 4g, fluorine ring fludioxonil 10ml and thiophene worm to cough up white spirit and is watered 5kg together, after mixing,
Spray liquid is made, spray coating processing is then carried out to 200kg stripping and slicing potato seed using the spray liquid；Or with Trichoderma 1kg pulvis
Processing is coated to 200kg stripping and slicing potato seed seed dressing, container cannot use the container for using fungicide, stripping and slicing in the cool, no
It is directly exposed to the sun in the sun and ultraviolet light is avoided to irradiate, shady place is dried for use.
Step (4) determines date of seeding:
Winter make potato date of seeding determine by the end of October-mid-November, early spring makees potato date of seeding at the beginning of -1 month by the end of December；
Step (5), early applies N, P base fertilizer at site preparation:
7- days before broadcasting, 30kg/ mus of urea and 20kg/ mus of calcium magnesium phosphate are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on rice stubble, is then seeped water, ground is cool
Rotary tillage is carefully harrowed after dry；
Step (6), potato seed band bud sow ridging:
Using the planting patterns of big 3 row of ridge, row spacing 89cm, spacing in the rows 15cm；Depth of sowing is 11cm, potato seed band bud section court
Under, farmyard manure one is covered in potato seed, then soil layer >=3cm is isolated with fertilizer in earthing, potato seed.
When fertilising, it regard phoxim and controlled release grain size as base manure after mixing, the dosage of phoxim is per acre
1-2kg, the dosage of controlled release grain size are 100kg per acre, and mu applies boric magnesium fertilizer 2kg, reduce that stem tuber is hollow, risk of foxiness,
Ridging row spacing 1.6m when sowing is highly 25cm.
Step (7), overlay film:
After sowing ridging, envelope bud herbicide is sprayed, the envelope bud herbicide is 50% acetochlor ec, and amount of application is
75ml/ mus, even spraying；Breadth 180cm is selected, the white mulch of thick 0.01mm is spaced uniform earthing on film；In the morning of fine day
It opens canopy film to 6 pm at upper 9 points to cool down, late 6 rear cover upper greenhouses, the cloudy day does not open canopy film；1900-2200 meters of height above sea level are to clear
Take off film in bright front and back.
Step (8) takes Small plastic shed on ridge:
Building hut is specifically the bamboo stick that 2 meters are plugged on ridge, is bent into Small plastic shed, then the high 60cm of canopy covers canopy film, canopy film again
For white, thick 0.05mm, wide cut 230cm.
Step (9), control excessive growth, promote stem tuber to expand:
Budding in potato to florescence, spray paclobutrazol 2 times of 60-90ppm, plant height is controlled in 60cm.Take 15% multiple-effect, 1g
It is watered 2.5kg, after mixing, spray liquid is made, spraying treatment is then carried out to plant using the spray liquid.
Step (10), potato blight prevention and treatment:
Carry out potato blight prevention and treatment；Epidemic prevention and control comprises the concrete steps that: spraying foliar fertilizer and prevents early, late blight；Feng Hanghou, 10
Its prevention is primary, prevents 3-4 times；Foliar fertilizer is every barrel of 30kg, will mix potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Trichoderma aqua 2:1 in mass ratio
It closes, Trichoderma needs secondary dilution, stirs evenly, and sufficiently dissolves.In the 3-4 middle of the month, when stem tuber diameter is 8cm, harvest is done sth. in advance ahead of time
Listing or adjustment harvest time, optimum period listing.
Embodiment 3
The late autumn in winter of the present embodiment promotees the potato planting method to early go public, includes the following steps:
Step (1), Potato Cultivars selection:
Selection is suitable for the Potato Cultivars that the middle 500-1000 meters of Altitude Regions winters are made, early springs work is planted: HZ88；The fertility of the kind
Phase 70-85 days, resistance was strong, high yield.
Step (2), potato seed vernalization:
Toxicity-removing white potato potato seed is selected, 35 days prior to seeding, potato seed is directly embedded in the place 20cm or so in the soil of greenhouse, watering profit
Wet soil earth, soil moisture content is 35%, and vernalization is to there is the long 1cm of bud bud；
Step (3), potato seed Cotton seeds:
Preceding stripping and slicing in 7 days is broadcast, the cutter of stripping and slicing is impregnated 4 minutes with liquor potassic permanganate to be cut again, guarantees there are 1-2 in each potato wedge
Bud, shady place are dried, and then carry out spray coating processing with seed potato coating agent, and sunning 2 days, carries out later after being coated
Sowing；Wherein, comprising the concrete steps that for processing is coated with seed potato coating agent:
It takes 72% agricultural streptomycin 2g, fluorine ring fludioxonil 10ml and thiophene worm to cough up white spirit and is watered 4kg together, after mixing,
Spray liquid is made, spray coating processing is then carried out to 200kg stripping and slicing potato seed using the spray liquid；Or with Trichoderma 1kg pulvis
Processing is coated to 200kg stripping and slicing potato seed seed dressing, container cannot use the container for using fungicide, stripping and slicing in the cool, no
It is directly exposed to the sun in the sun and ultraviolet light is avoided to irradiate, shady place is dried for use.
Step (4) determines date of seeding:
Winter make potato date of seeding determine by the end of October-mid-November, early spring makees potato date of seeding at the beginning of -1 month by the end of December；
Step (5), early applies N, P base fertilizer at site preparation:
8 days before broadcasting, 30kg/ mus of urea and 20kg/ mus of calcium magnesium phosphate are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on rice stubble, is then seeped water, ground is cool
Rotary tillage is carefully harrowed after dry；
Step (6), potato seed band bud sow ridging:
Using the planting patterns of big 3 row of ridge, row spacing 91cm, spacing in the rows 20cm；Depth of sowing is 18cm, potato seed band bud section court
Under, farmyard manure one is covered in potato seed, then soil layer >=3cm is isolated with fertilizer in earthing, potato seed.
When fertilising, it regard phoxim and controlled release grain size as base manure after mixing, the dosage of phoxim is per acre
1-2kg, the dosage of controlled release grain size are 135kg per acre, and mu applies boric magnesium fertilizer 2kg, reduce that stem tuber is hollow, risk of foxiness,
Ridging row spacing 2.0m when sowing is highly 25-35cm.
Step (7), overlay film:
After sowing ridging, envelope bud herbicide is sprayed, the envelope bud herbicide is 50% acetochlor ec, and amount of application is
150ml/ mus, even spraying；Breadth 200cm is selected, the white mulch of thick 0.009mm is spaced uniform earthing on film；In fine day
9 points of morning opens canopy film to 6 pm and cools down, and late 6 rear cover upper greenhouses, the cloudy day does not open canopy film；Zhonghai36-1 asphalt is to by the end of February
Thoroughly take off Small plastic shed canopy film；Zhonghai36-1 asphalt to thoroughly taking off Small plastic shed canopy film by the end of February.
Step (8) takes Small plastic shed on ridge:
Building hut is specifically the bamboo stick that 2 meters are plugged on ridge, is bent into Small plastic shed, then the high 50cm of canopy covers canopy film, canopy film again
For white, thick 0.05mm, wide cut 230cm.
Step (9), control excessive growth, promote stem tuber to expand:
Budding in potato to florescence, spray paclobutrazol 1-2 times of 60-90ppm, plant height is controlled in 50cm.Take 15% multiple-effect
Azoles, 1g are watered 1.9kg, after mixing, spray liquid are made, and then carry out spraying treatment to plant using the spray liquid.
Step (10), potato blight prevention and treatment:
Carry out potato blight prevention and treatment；Epidemic prevention and control comprises the concrete steps that: spraying foliar fertilizer and prevents early, late blight；Feng Hanghou, 10
Its prevention is primary, prevents 4 times；Foliar fertilizer is every barrel of 30kg, will mix potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Trichoderma aqua 1.5:1 in mass ratio
It closes, Trichoderma needs secondary dilution, stirs evenly, and sufficiently dissolves.In the 3-4 middle of the month, when stem tuber diameter is 6cm, harvest is done sth. in advance ahead of time
Listing or adjustment harvest time, optimum period listing.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of late autumn in winter promotees the potato planting method to early go public, characterized by the following steps:
Step (1), Potato Cultivars selection: low altitude area Qu Dongzuo, early spring make the Potato Cultivars planted during selection is suitable；
Step (2), potato seed vernalization:
Toxicity-removing white potato potato seed is selected, 30-40 days prior to seeding, potato seed is directly embedded in the place 20cm or so in the soil of greenhouse, is poured
Water soaks soil, and soil moisture content is built in 30-40%, or in the room of dark with thin quilt, and room temperature is maintained at 18-25
Degree, vernalization is to there is the long 1-3cm of bud bud；
Step (3), potato seed Cotton seeds:
Stripping and slicing in 7-8 days before broadcasting, the cutter of stripping and slicing is impregnated 3-5 minutes with liquor potassic permanganate to be cut again, guarantees have in each potato wedge
1-2 bud, shady place are dried, and then carry out spray coating processing with seed potato coating agent, sunning 1-2 days after being coated,
It is sowed later；
Step (4) determines date of seeding:
Winter make potato date of seeding determine by the end of October-mid-November, early spring makees potato date of seeding at the beginning of -1 month by the end of December；
Step (5), early applies N, P base fertilizer at site preparation:
7-10 days before broadcasting, urea and calcium magnesium phosphate uniformly being spread fertilizer over the fields on rice stubble, is then seeped water, rotary tillage is carefully harrowed after ground airing；
Step (6), potato seed band bud sow ridging:
Using the planting patterns of big 3 row of ridge, row spacing 89-91cm, spacing in the rows 15-20cm；Depth of sowing is 10cm-18cm, potato seed
Downward, soil layer >=3cm is isolated with fertilizer in potato seed for band bud section；
Step (7), overlay film:
After sowing ridging, envelope bud herbicide is sprayed, the envelope bud herbicide is 50% acetochlor ec, and amount of application is
75ml-150ml/ mus, even spraying；Select breadth 180-200cm, the white mulch of 0.008~0.01mm of thickness, interval is on film
Even earthing；
Step (8) takes Small plastic shed on ridge
Step (9), control excessive growth, promote stem tuber to expand:
Budding in potato to florescence, spray paclobutrazol 1-2 times of 60-90ppm, plant height is controlled in 40-60cm；
Step (10), potato blight prevention and treatment:
Carry out potato blight prevention and treatment；In the 3-4 middle of the month, when stem tuber diameter is 5-8cm, harvest lists ahead of time ahead of time or adjustment is received
Obtain phase, optimum period listing.
2. late autumn in winter according to claim 1 promotees the potato planting method to early go public, it is characterised in that: in step (1),
Middle low altitude area region is at 500-2200 meters, wherein 500-1000 meters of height above sea level select breeding time 70-85 days, and resistance is strong, high yield
Potato Cultivars, comprising: YS902, HZ88, beautiful 6 and YS304；1100-2200 meters of height above sea level select breeding time 80-95 days, resistance
By force, the Potato Cultivars of high yield, comprising: YS902, HZ88, beautiful 6, YS304, meeting -2, YS105, green potato 9 and cloud potato 305.
3. late autumn in winter according to claim 1 promotees the potato planting method to early go public, it is characterised in that: in step (3),
Comprising the concrete steps that for processing is coated with seed potato coating agent:
It takes 72% agricultural streptomycin 2-4g, fluorine ring fludioxonil 10ml and thiophene worm to cough up white spirit and is watered 4-5kg together, mixing is equal
After even, spray liquid is made, spray coating processing is then carried out to 150-200kg stripping and slicing potato seed using the spray liquid；Or use trichoderma
Bacterium 1kg pulvis is coated processing to 150-200kg stripping and slicing potato seed seed dressing, and stripping and slicing in the cool is not exposed to the sun directly in the sun
With avoid ultraviolet light from irradiating, shady place is dried for use.
4. late autumn in winter according to claim 1 promotees the potato planting method to early go public, it is characterised in that: in step (5),
30kg/ mus of urea and 20kg/ mus of calcium magnesium phosphate are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on rice stubble.
5. late autumn in winter according to claim 1 promotees the potato planting method to early go public, it is characterised in that: in step (6),
When fertilising, it regard phoxim and controlled release grain size as base manure after mixing, the dosage of phoxim is 1-2kg per acre, control
The dosage for releasing grain size is 100-135kg per acre, and mu applies boric magnesium fertilizer 2kg, and ridging row spacing 1.6-2.0m when sowing is highly
25-35cm。
6. late autumn in winter according to claim 1 promotees the potato planting method to early go public, it is characterised in that: in step (6),
After planting overlay film, depth of planting 15cm or so, potato seed wound is face-down, farmyard manure one is covered in potato seed, then earthing.
7. late autumn in winter according to claim 1 promotees the potato planting method to early go public, it is characterised in that: in step (7),
Building hut is specifically the bamboo stick that 2 meters are plugged on ridge, is bent into Small plastic shed, then the high 40-60cm of canopy covers canopy film, canopy film again
For white, thick 0.05mm, wide cut 230cm.
8. late autumn in winter according to claim 6 promotees the potato planting method to early go public, it is characterised in that: in step (7),
It opens canopy film to 6 pm in 9 points of the morning of fine day to cool down, late 6 rear cover upper greenhouses, the cloudy day does not open canopy film；Intermediate altitude
Area to thoroughly taking off Small plastic shed canopy film by the end of February；1900-2200 meters of height above sea level are to taking off film around Clear and Bright.
9. late autumn in winter according to claim 1 promotees the potato planting method to early go public, it is characterised in that: in step (9),
15% multiple-effect is taken, 1g is watered 1.665-2.5kg, after mixing, spray liquid is made, and then carries out using the spray liquid to plant
Spraying treatment.
10. late autumn in winter according to claim 1 promotees the potato planting method to early go public, it is characterised in that: step (10)
In, epidemic prevention and control comprises the concrete steps that: spraying foliar fertilizer and fungicide prevents early, late blight；Feng Hanghou, prevention in 10 days is primary,
Prevention 3-4 times；Foliar fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Trichoderma aqua 1-2:1 in mass ratio is mixed, Trichoderma
Secondary dilution is needed, is stirred evenly, is sufficiently dissolved.
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| CN111771643A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-10-16 | 李�荣 | Winter-sowing potato three-film cultivation technology |
| CN112335507A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-02-09 | 毕节市农业科学研究所 | Planting method for winter-planting potatoes |
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| CN114303840A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-12 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Planting method for reducing incidence rate of hollowing of potato tubers |
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| CN112335507B (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2022-04-12 | 毕节市农业科学研究所 | Planting method for winter-planting potatoes |
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| CN114303840A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-12 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Planting method for reducing incidence rate of hollowing of potato tubers |
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