CN105900740A - Fertilizer and water integrated high-yield cultivation method for early-spring watermelons and autumn delayed chilies in greenhouse - Google Patents
Fertilizer and water integrated high-yield cultivation method for early-spring watermelons and autumn delayed chilies in greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN105900740A CN105900740A CN201610252748.XA CN201610252748A CN105900740A CN 105900740 A CN105900740 A CN 105900740A CN 201610252748 A CN201610252748 A CN 201610252748A CN 105900740 A CN105900740 A CN 105900740A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizer and water integrated high-yield cultivation method for early-spring watermelons and autumn delayed chilies in a greenhouse. The cultivation method specifically comprises the steps of preparation of seedling beds for watermelons and chilies, seed soaking and germination acceleration, sowing, land preparation and bed making, field transplanting, a seeding recovery stage, a flowering and fruit bearing stage, a maturation stage and a harvesting stage. According to the fertilizer and water integrated high-yield cultivation method for early-spring watermelons and autumn delayed chilies in the greenhouse, the temperature, the humidity and the fertilizer and water amount are strictly controlled according to the growth features of watermelons and chilies, watermelons and chilies grow vigorously, the mu yield of watermelons ranges from 3500 kg to 4000 kg, the mu yield of chilies ranges from 2900 kg to 3100 kg, and watermelons and chilies are uniform in size, bright in color, pure in taste and rich in nutrition; chilies are planted after watermelons are harvested, and alternation planting is achieved; watermelon vines are smashed and then scattered into soil, soil fertility is ensured, and pathogen microorganisms are suppressed; a fertilizer and water integrated pipe network conforms to the planting density of watermelons and chilies and only needs to be arranged one time, materials are saved, the utilization rate is increased, the production cost is reduced, and the economic income is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop-planting field, specifically, relate to a kind of booth Citrullus vulgaris in early spring and delay the integrated high yield cultivating method of Fructus Capsici rich water with the autumn.
Background technology
Citrullus vulgaris well developed root system, is distributed wide and deep, absorbs liquid manure ability strong, and relatively early, regeneration capacity is poor, aerobic for trenailization.Stem is overgrow, hollow.Happiness temperature is heat-resisting, likes light, likes wet drought-enduring intolerant to waterlogging, and in day temperature 25 ~ 30 DEG C, under conditions of night temperature 17 ~ 20 DEG C, Fructus Melo the bud quality is high, and alabastrum is big and solid, and ovary development is good, and fruit-setting rate is high.
Fructus Capsici is Solanaceae Capsicum, is solanaceous vegetables, and plant is undeveloped by root, stem, leaf, root system, and root amount is few, it is shallow to bury, and is mainly distributed in the deep topsoil of 20 ~ 30cm.Fructus Capsici happiness is warm but is weak to frost, throughout the growing season optimum temperature 20 ~ 28 DEG C, to be incubated by lid canopy less than 15 DEG C, wants ventilation and heat more than 30 DEG C.Middle photosensitiveness crop, relatively low light tolerance, like scattered light, be afraid of high light, the most drought-enduring intolerant to waterlogging again.
In conventional booth Citrullus vulgaris in early spring and Qiu Yan pepper cultivation, using feeding block seedlings raising more, irrigate and use furrow irrigation or broad irrigation, fertilizer imposes employing and spreads fertilizer over the fields, and often results in fertilizer and the loss of moisture and waste, and the different growing crop can not obtain rich water uniformly.According to statistics, fertilizer and moisture waste about 20 ~ 30%.Rich water integrated technique is applied to Citrullus vulgaris in early spring and Qiu Yan Fructus Capsici from definite value to the overall process gathered, Citrullus vulgaris plants Fructus Capsici after gathering, irrigation pipe network is laid when definite value, according to Citrullus vulgaris, Fructus Capsici biological characteristics is sought peace needs water regulation of fertilizer requirement, utilize three grades of micro-nozzle nets, pour water at regular time and quantity and apply fertilizer, carry out plant growth regulation, and at integrated technologies such as the different trophophase micro-fertilizer of dosed administration of crop, compared with common cultivation technology, unit are water saving 31.8 ~ 40.5%, joint fertile 22.2 ~ 37.5%, cost-effective 12.7 ~ 21.4%, yield increases by 13.2 ~ 17.1%, increase benefit 37.1 ~ 76.8%.
Summary of the invention
In order to make up the defect of prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of booth Citrullus vulgaris in early spring and delay the integrated high yield cultivating method of Fructus Capsici rich water with the autumn.
The integrated high yield cultivating method of Fructus Capsici rich water delayed by a kind of booth Citrullus vulgaris in early spring with the autumn, and concrete comprises the following steps:
1) Citrullus vulgaris in early spring rich water integration high-yield culturing:
(1) seedbed prepares: substrate configures by volume, field soil: fertilizer: the high-quality peat composed of rotten mosses: Vermiculitum: perlite=12 ~ 14:6 ~ 7:3 ~ 4:1 ~ 2:1 ~ 2, often 1m addition 1.4 ~ 1.6kg GB compound fertilizer, it is simultaneously introduced carbendazim, Bravo and bamboo fibre powder, volume ratio is carbendazim: Bravo: bamboo fibre powder: substrate=1.2 ~ 1.6:1.4 ~ 1.8:200 ~ 250:1000, stir, sterilize for substrate, obtain seedbed；
(2) presoaking and germinating: select low temperature resistant, low light tolerance, moisture-proof, Resistant, easily bear fruit, outward appearance and the good variety of watermelon of interior quality, seed is put in the warm water of 55 ~ 60 DEG C, stirs rapidly 10 ~ 15 minutes, stop stirring when water temperature is down to 38 ~ 42 DEG C, continue to soak seed, clean the surface of the seed mucus, dewatering, broken shell, is placed in 32 ~ 34 DEG C of calorstats, and humidity is 83 ~ 85%, carry out accelerating germination, radicle length is taken out to during 0.5 ~ 0.7cm, obtains Citrullus vulgaris bud, waits to sow；
(3) sowing: select sow the morning of fine day, radicle is downward, cover substrate, thickness is 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, built epiphragma the most immediately, add a cover straw mat or insulation quilt night, strict temperature control, do not water on the basis of bottom water waters foot or water less, within before field planting 5 ~ 6 days, stop watering, before coming up, add a cover mulch film, Small plastic shed and straw screen or mat, carry out being incubated shading, promotion is emerged, the shading during 12:00 ~ 14:00 of 1 ~ 2 day after emerging, it is not required to shading later, normal management, final singling is carried out when seedling length to 2 slice true leaf, the weak Seedling of removal of double strain will be left, that is short of seedling fills the gaps with seedlings in time；
(4) do furrow: deep plough before entering the winter 20 ~ 24cm by soil in booth, carries out frozen soil, makes loosing soil wholely, fertilizer half is spread fertilizer over the fields, and half applies melon ditch, and chemical fertilizer all applies melon ditch, fertilizer is ploughed deeply and is buried, and do furrow after soil mixing leveling, the wide 2 ~ 2.5m of furrow, high 12 ~ 14cm, furrow furrow width 30 ~ 40cm, arrange rich water integration pipe network, 2 ~ 3 days covering with plastic film before field planting, obtain booth land for growing field crops；
(5) survival after transplant: late Febuary to early March, selection stalwartness is anosis, internode is short and thick, the strong sprout of leaf dark green, well developed root system carries out field planting, and line-spacing is 2.2 ~ 2.4m, and spacing in the rows is 35 ~ 40cm, field planting Hou Quan garden covering with plastic film, controls canopy humidity, reduces disease；
(6) seedling-slowing stage: temperature of shed daytime is 28 ~ 32 DEG C, and night is 10 ~ 15 DEG C, and drip during field planting 2 ~ 3m3/ mu, need not between seedling-slowing stage water；
(7) stretch the climing phase: temperature of shed daytime is 25 ~ 28 DEG C, and night is 14 ~ 20 DEG C, 2 ~ 3 days 4 ~ 5m that water after slow Seedling3/ mu, when just stretching climing, in conjunction with the 13 ~ 15m that waters3/ mu, imposes Olympic pellet nitrate-based compound fertilizer (25-4-6) 8 ~ 10kg/ mu and rushes fertilising 2.3 ~ 2.5kg/ mu containing aminoacid and the antibacterial potentiation of more trace elements, promotes robust plant growth, and prematurity, and rewater 6 ~ 8m when the climing 30 ~ 40cm of melon3/ mu；
(8) blooming the phase of bearing fruit: plant still grows in canopy, temperature of shed daytime is 28 ~ 32 DEG C, and night is 18 ~ 20 DEG C, does not topdresses, and strict control is watered, and when soil moisture content difference to impact is beared fruit, can water little water 5 ~ 7m3/ mu；
(9) in fruit expanding period and the period of maturation: controlling temperature of shed daytime is 28 ~ 33 DEG C, and night is 18 ~ 20 DEG C, watering water for the first time when young fruit 3 ~ 3.5cm, irrigation amount is 20 ~ 22m3/ mu, watered a water, each 20 ~ 22m later every 7 days3/ mu, continuous 2 ~ 3 times, stop watering after fruit stops growing, impose swelling melon fertilizer in conjunction with watering water for the first time, based on quick-acting chemical fertilizer, dose is Olympic pellet nitrate-based compound fertilizer (15-5-25) 18 ~ 20kg/ mu and rushes fertilising 5 ~ 6kg/ mu containing aminoacid and the antibacterial potentiation of more trace elements；
(10) gathering: be optimal collecting time during 10:00 ~ 14:00 every day, after first Citrullus vulgaris is gathered, timely drip irrigation liquid manure, the amount of dripping is 24 ~ 26m3/ mu, NPK (17-7-17) 15 ~ 20/mu and rush fertilising 5 ~ 7/mu containing aminoacid and the antibacterial potentiation of more trace elements, fully dissolves fertilizer before fertilising, then carries out drip irrigation, after gathering completely, melon vine being crushed to 20 mesh, adds carbendazim and Bravo in melon vine powder, volume ratio is carbendazim: Bravo: melon vine powder=2:1:200, mix latter vexed 5 ~ 7 days thoroughly, uniformly it is spread in booth, by soil deep tillage 22 ~ 24cm, standby；
2) autumn delays Fructus Capsici rich water integration high-yield culturing:
(11) seedbed prepares: substrate configures by volume, field soil: fertilizer=6 ~ 7:3 ~ 4, every 1m3Add 1.2 ~ 1.4kg GB compound fertilizer, stir, cross 8 ~ 10 mesh sieves, make wide 1.2 ~ 1.4m, the furrow of high 15 ~ 20cm, water vola water before sowing, obtain seedbed；
(12) presoaking and germinating: select disease-resistant, degeneration-resistant, the capsicum variety of high yield, high-quality, storage tolerance, 21 ~ 23MHz microwave drying 3 ~ 5 minutes, scald with 62 ~ 64 DEG C of hot water of seed weight 3 ~ 5 times amount and plant, and it is continuously agitated 15 ~ 20 minutes, use soaked in cold water 2 ~ 3 hours again, pull out, wait to sow；
(13) sowing: late June was sowed to mid-July, application rate is 60 ~ 70g/ mu, vola water is watered in seedbed, uniform broadcasting seed, covering stromal thickness is 1.2 ~ 1.4cm, covering with plastic film and straw screen or mat, when 50 ~ 60% seed sprouting, taking off out mulch film and straw screen or mat that bed surface covers, manual removal plants shell, and the 3 ~ 4m that sprays water3/ mu, plastic house sunshade net during the 10:00 ~ 17:00 of fine day, and progressively shorten the time, to field planting, 5 ~ 7 days no longer covered with sunshade nets, water permeable, keep seedbed to moisten, carry out thinning, pull out disease Seedling, weak Seedling and weeds during 1 true leaf every mornings；
(14) do furrow: deep plough 18 ~ 20cm by the soil planting Citrullus vulgaris in booth wholely, organic fertilizer 3000 ~ 4000kg/ mu, NPK (17-7-17) 40 ~ 45kg/ mu, loam mixes, and harrows broken leveling, before field planting 5 ~ 7 days, build the booth of span 6 ~ 8m, button teleblem, does wide 60 ~ 70m, high 16 ~ 18cm, the furrow of furrow width 30cm, rich water integration pipe network is identical with the plantation of Citrullus vulgaris in early spring, obtains booth land for growing field crops；
(15) survival after transplant: late July to early August, selects well developed root system, and disease pest endangers, the strong sprout that leaf color is dark green, plump, after overcast and rainy whole day or fine day 16:00, carries out digging cave by the seeding row spacing of 35 ~ 40cm × 55 ~ 60cm and transplants, and ridging is watered permeable；
(16) seedling-slowing stage: temperature of shed daytime is 26 ~ 28 DEG C, and night is 12 ~ 14 DEG C, drip irrigation 14 ~ 16m during field planting3/ mu, seedling-slowing stage, after 5 ~ 7 days, waters once, and irrigation amount is 6 ~ 8m3/ mu；
(17) bud stage: temperature of shed daytime is 22 ~ 24 DEG C, and night is 12 ~ 14 DEG C, and Fructus Capsici buddingged before the 1st, 2 layers of colored setting and controls to water, and when fruit diameter reaches 2 ~ 3cm, drips and topdresses, and irrigation amount is 11 ~ 13m3/ mu, imposes NPK (15-5-25) 5 ~ 6kg/ mu and rushes fertilising 2.5 ~ 3.5kg/ mu containing aminoacid and the antibacterial potentiation of more trace elements, after topdressing, noting ventilation, spend following side shoot all to extract for the 1st layer, it is to avoid consume fertility；
(18) best fruiting period: temperature of shed daytime is 28 ~ 32 DEG C, and night is 18 ~ 20 DEG C, drips once every 7 days, each 13 ~ 15m3/ mu, combining after Fructus Capsici setting drips imposes NPK (15-5-25) 6 ~ 8kg/ mu and containing aminoacid and more trace elements fertilizer 4 ~ 6kg/ mu；
(19) result final-period management: October, temperature of shed daytime is 24 ~ 26 DEG C, and daytime notes aeration-cooling, and night is 16 ~ 18 DEG C；After the Frost's Descent, temperature of shed daytime is 22 ~ 24 DEG C, and night is 11 ~ 14 DEG C；The potassium dihydrogen phosphate using mass concentration to be 0.2 ~ 0.3% (w/w), carried out 1 foliage spray, each 12 ~ 14m every 7 ~ 10 days3/ mu；
(20) gather: be optimal collecting time during 10:00 ~ 14:00 every day, after first Fructus Capsici is gathered, want timely drip irrigation liquid manure, often pluck once, drip and execute NPK (15-5-25) 10 ~ 12kg/ mu, after plucking 2 times continuously, increase and rush fertilising 4 ~ 5kg/ mu containing aminoacid and the antibacterial potentiation of more trace elements.
The field soil of described step (1), avoids with vegetable garden soil or the soil of planting melon crop.
The bamboo fibre powder of described step (1), is prepared from bamboo leftover bits and pieces, and particle diameter is 1.2 ~ 1.8mm, effective resisting pathogenic microbes, Nantural non-toxic, need to use once for annual.
The strict temperature control of described step (3), front seedbed of emerging should be airtight, and temperature is maintained at 30 ~ 35 DEG C, before occurring to rough leaf after emerging, temperature controls at 20 ~ 25 DEG C, after rough leaf is launched, temperature controls at 25 ~ 30 DEG C, and field planting temperature the last week controls at 20 ~ 25 DEG C.
The fertilizer of described step (4) is that high-quality is become thoroughly decomposed dried poultrymanure, and dose is 500 ~ 600kg/ mu, and chemical fertilizer is Olympic pellet nitrate-based compound fertilizer (17-7-17), and dose is 40 ~ 50kg/ mu.
Described step (4) arranges rich water integration pipe network, uses three grades of formulas, i.e. main, arm and drip irrigation pipe；Wherein hollow billet dripping end flow is 2.6 ~ 2.8L/ hour, and dripper spacing is 35 ~ 40cm, adjacent 2 capillary pipe spacing 55 ~ 60cm, and hollow billet is directly installed on arm, and arm connects main or directly connects with water source, and the gauze that filter uses aperture to be 10 ~ 12 mesh filters.
Described step (7) stretch the climing phase, from stretch climing from the beginning of, within 10 ~ 15 days, spray Citrullus vulgaris chelating and concentrate plant luminous energy liquid fertilizer, each 50 ~ 60g/ mu, it is possible to control prosperous length, anti-three fall, and promote to be pollinated, and bear fruit fast, disease resistance.
The field soil of described step (11), avoids with the soil planting solanaceous crops.
The bud stage of described step (17), from buddingging to mid-October, sprays a Fructus Capsici chelating for every 10 ~ 12 days and concentrates plant luminous energy liquid fertilizer, each 50 ~ 60g/ mu.
The invention have the advantage that the integrated high yield cultivating method of Fructus Capsici rich water delayed by a kind of booth Citrullus vulgaris in early spring that the present invention provides with the autumn, the growth characteristics in each period according to Citrullus vulgaris in early spring, strict temperature control, humidity and rich water amount, grow vigorous, per mu yield 3500 ~ 4000kg, Citrullus vulgaris size is well-balanced, and flesh red meat is sweet, nutritious；By the rich water amount needed for plant, carry out drip irrigation after fertilizer is dissolved in water, directly penetrate into root system from stem stalk, save water and energy, protect environment, cost-effective, improve income；Seedbed adds bamboo fibre and sterilizes, and enables bamboo leftover bits and pieces to turn waste into wealth, cheap, cost-effective, green ecological, safety and Health；Citrullus vulgaris plants Fructus Capsici after gathering, it is achieved plantation of changing crops, it is ensured that soil nutrient enriches, and reduces dose, and it can be avoided that idle land, land utilization ratio is high；Watermelon vine is sprinkled into soil after directly pulverizing, using the teaching of the invention it is possible to provide organic fertilizer, strengthens soil fertility, moreover it is possible to suppression pathogenic microorganism, saves fertilizer, it is to avoid use antibacterial, reduces chemical fertilizer and pesticide residues, it is ensured that the autumn prolongs the edible safety of Fructus Capsici；Pepper seed is microwaved, accelerates to be dried, accepts radiation, it is possible to be obviously enhanced the resistance of Fructus Capsici, reduce disease pest incidence rate, saves human and material resources and financial resources；Prolonging the growth characteristics in each period of Fructus Capsici, strict temperature control, humidity and rich water amount according to the autumn, grow vigorous, per mu yield 2900 ~ 3100kg, Fructus Capsici size is well-balanced, and bright in colour, fragile muscle taste is just, nutritious；The layout of rich water integration pipe network meets the planting density of Citrullus vulgaris and Fructus Capsici, Different Crop, only need to arrange a pipe network, carries out the switch of pipe network as required, saves material, improves pipe network utilization rate, reduces production cost, improves income.
Detailed description of the invention
With specific embodiment, the present invention is described below, but is not limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The integrated high yield cultivating method of Fructus Capsici rich water delayed by a kind of booth Citrullus vulgaris in early spring with the autumn, and concrete comprises the following steps:
1) Citrullus vulgaris in early spring rich water integration high-yield culturing:
(1) seedbed prepares: substrate configures by volume, field soil: fertilizer: the high-quality peat composed of rotten mosses: Vermiculitum: perlite=12:6:3:1:1, often 1m addition 1.4kg GB compound fertilizer, it is simultaneously introduced carbendazim, Bravo and bamboo fibre powder, volume ratio is carbendazim: Bravo: bamboo fibre powder: substrate=1.2:1.4:200:1000, stir, sterilize for substrate, obtain seedbed；
(2) presoaking and germinating: select low temperature resistant, low light tolerance, moisture-proof, Resistant, easily bear fruit, outward appearance and the good variety of watermelon of interior quality, seed is put in the warm water of 55 DEG C, rapidly stirring 10 minutes, stop stirring when water temperature is down to 38 DEG C, continue to soak seed, clean the surface of the seed mucus, dewatering, broken shell, is placed in 32 DEG C of calorstats, and humidity is 83%, carry out accelerating germination, radicle length is taken out to during 0.5cm, obtains Citrullus vulgaris bud, waits to sow；
(3) sowing: select sow the morning of fine day, radicle is downward, cover substrate, thickness is 1.0cm, built epiphragma the most immediately, add a cover straw mat or insulation quilt night, strict temperature control, do not water on the basis of bottom water waters foot or water less, field planting stops watering for first 5 days, before coming up, add a cover mulch film, Small plastic shed and straw screen or mat, carry out being incubated shading, promotion is emerged, the shading during 12:00 ~ 14:00 emerged latter 1 day, it is not required to shading later, normal management, final singling is carried out when seedling length to 2 slice true leaf, the weak Seedling of removal of double strain will be left, that is short of seedling fills the gaps with seedlings in time；
(4) do furrow: deep plough before entering the winter 20cm by soil in booth, carries out frozen soil, makes loosing soil wholely, fertilizer half is spread fertilizer over the fields, and half applies melon ditch, and chemical fertilizer all applies melon ditch, fertilizer is ploughed deeply and is buried, and it is furrow, furrow width 2m, high 12cm after soil mixing leveling, furrow furrow width 30cm, arrange rich water integration pipe network, first 2 days covering with plastic film of field planting, obtain booth land for growing field crops；
(5) survival after transplant: late Febuary to early March, selection stalwartness is anosis, internode is short and thick, the strong sprout of leaf dark green, well developed root system carries out field planting, and line-spacing is 2.2m, and spacing in the rows is 35cm, field planting Hou Quan garden covering with plastic film, controls canopy humidity, reduces disease；
(6) seedling-slowing stage: temperature of shed daytime is 28 DEG C, and night is 10 DEG C, and drip during field planting 2m3/ mu, need not between seedling-slowing stage water；
(7) stretch the climing phase: temperature of shed daytime is 25 DEG C, and night is 14 DEG C, 2 days 4m that water after slow Seedling3/ mu, when just stretching climing, in conjunction with the 13m that waters3/ mu, imposes Olympic pellet nitrate-based compound fertilizer (25-4-6) 8kg/ mu and containing aminoacid and more trace elements antibacterial potentiation punching fertilising 2.3kg/ mu, promotes robust plant growth, and prematurity, and rewater 6m when the climing 30cm of melon3/ mu；
(8) blooming the phase of bearing fruit: plant still grows in canopy, temperature of shed daytime is 28 DEG C, and night is 18 DEG C, does not topdresses, and strict control is watered, and when soil moisture content difference to impact is beared fruit, can water little water 5m3/ mu；
(9) in fruit expanding period and the period of maturation: controlling temperature of shed daytime is 28 DEG C, and night is 18 DEG C, watering water for the first time when young fruit 3cm, irrigation amount is 20m3/ mu, watered a water, each 20m later every 7 days3/ mu, continuous 2 times, stop watering after fruit stops growing, impose swelling melon fertilizer in conjunction with watering water for the first time, based on quick-acting chemical fertilizer, dose is Olympic pellet nitrate-based compound fertilizer (15-5-25) 18kg/ mu and rushes fertilising 5kg/ mu containing aminoacid and the antibacterial potentiation of more trace elements；
(10) gathering: be optimal collecting time during 10:00 ~ 14:00 every day, after first Citrullus vulgaris is gathered, timely drip irrigation liquid manure, the amount of dripping is 24m3/ mu, NPK (17-7-17) 15/mu and rush fertilising 5/mu containing aminoacid and the antibacterial potentiation of more trace elements, fully dissolves fertilizer before fertilising, then carries out drip irrigation, after gathering completely, melon vine being crushed to 20 mesh, adds carbendazim and Bravo in melon vine powder, volume ratio is carbendazim: Bravo: melon vine powder=2:1:200, mix latter vexed 5 days thoroughly, uniformly it is spread in booth, by soil deep tillage 22cm, standby；
2) autumn delays Fructus Capsici rich water integration high-yield culturing:
(11) seedbed prepares: substrate configures by volume, field soil: fertilizer=6:3, every 1m3Add 1.2kg GB compound fertilizer, stir, cross 8 mesh sieves, make wide 1.2m, the furrow of high 15cm, water vola water before sowing, obtain seedbed；
(12) presoaking and germinating: select disease-resistant, degeneration-resistant, the capsicum variety of high yield, high-quality, storage tolerance, 21MHz microwave drying 3 minutes, scalds kind with 62 DEG C of hot water of seed weight 3 times amount, and is continuously agitated 15 minutes, then by soaked in cold water 2 hours, pull out, wait to sow；
(13) sowing: late June was sowed to mid-July, and application rate is 60g/ mu, and vola water, uniform broadcasting seed are watered in seedbed, covering stromal thickness is 1.2cm, covering with plastic film and straw screen or mat, when 50% seed sprouting, taking off out mulch film and straw screen or mat that bed surface covers, manual removal plants shell, and the 3m that sprays water3/ mu, plastic house sunshade net during the 10:00 ~ 17:00 of fine day, and progressively shorten the time, to first 5 days of field planting no longer covered with sunshade net, waters permeable, keeps seedbed to moisten, carry out thinning, pull out disease Seedling, weak Seedling and weeds during 1 true leaf every morning；
(14) do furrow: deep plough 18cm by the soil planting Citrullus vulgaris in booth wholely, organic fertilizer 3000kg/ mu, NPK (17-7-17) 40kg/ mu, loam mixes, and harrows broken leveling, first 5 days of field planting, build the booth of span 6m, button teleblem, does wide 60m, high 16cm, the furrow of furrow width 30cm, rich water integration pipe network is identical with the plantation of Citrullus vulgaris in early spring, obtains booth land for growing field crops；
(15) survival after transplant: late July to early August, selects well developed root system, and disease pest endangers, the strong sprout that leaf color is dark green, plump, after overcast and rainy whole day or fine day 16:00, carries out digging cave by the seeding row spacing of 35cm × 55cm and transplants, and ridging is watered permeable；
(16) seedling-slowing stage: temperature of shed daytime is 26 DEG C, and night is 12 DEG C, drip irrigation 14m during field planting3/ mu, seedling-slowing stage, after 5 days, waters once, and irrigation amount is 6m3/ mu；
(17) bud stage: temperature of shed daytime is 22 DEG C, and night is 12 DEG C, and Fructus Capsici buddingged before the 1st, 2 layers of colored setting and controls to water, and when fruit diameter reaches 2cm, drips and topdresses, and irrigation amount is 11m3/ mu, imposes NPK (15-5-25) 5kg/ mu and containing aminoacid and more trace elements antibacterial potentiation punching fertilising 2.5kg/ mu, after topdressing, notes ventilation, spend following side shoot all to extract for the 1st layer, it is to avoid consume fertility；
(18) best fruiting period: temperature of shed daytime is 28 DEG C, and night is 18 DEG C, drips once every 7 days, each 13m3/ mu, combining after Fructus Capsici setting drips imposes NPK (15-5-25) 6kg/ mu and containing aminoacid and more trace elements fertilizer 4kg/ mu；
(19) result final-period management: October, temperature of shed daytime is 24 DEG C, and daytime notes aeration-cooling, and night is 16 DEG C；After the Frost's Descent, temperature of shed daytime is 22 DEG C, and night is 11 DEG C；The potassium dihydrogen phosphate using mass concentration to be 0.2% (w/w), carried out 1 foliage spray, each 12m every 7 days3/ mu；
(20) gather: be optimal collecting time during 10:00 ~ 14:00 every day, after first Fructus Capsici is gathered, want timely drip irrigation liquid manure, often pluck once, drip and execute NPK (15-5-25) 10kg/ mu, after plucking 2 times continuously, increase containing aminoacid and more trace elements antibacterial potentiation punching fertilising 4kg/ mu.
The field soil of described step (1), avoids with vegetable garden soil or the soil of planting melon crop.
The bamboo fibre powder of described step (1), is prepared from bamboo leftover bits and pieces, and particle diameter is 1.2mm, effective resisting pathogenic microbes, Nantural non-toxic, need to use once for annual.
The strict temperature control of described step (3), front seedbed of emerging should be airtight, and temperature is maintained at 30 DEG C, and before occurring to rough leaf after emerging, temperature controls at 20 DEG C, and after rough leaf is launched, temperature controls at 25 DEG C, and field planting temperature the last week controls at 20 DEG C.
The fertilizer of described step (4) is that high-quality is become thoroughly decomposed dried poultrymanure, and dose is 500kg/ mu, and chemical fertilizer is Olympic pellet nitrate-based compound fertilizer (17-7-17), and dose is 40kg/ mu.
Described step (4) arranges rich water integration pipe network, uses three grades of formulas, i.e. main, arm and drip irrigation pipe；Wherein hollow billet dripping end flow is 2.6L/ hour, and dripper spacing is 35cm, adjacent 2 capillary pipe spacing 55cm, and hollow billet is directly installed on arm, and arm connects main or directly connects with water source, and the gauze that filter uses aperture to be 10 mesh filters.
Described step (7) stretch the climing phase, from stretch climing from the beginning of, within 10 days, spray Citrullus vulgaris chelating and concentrate plant luminous energy liquid fertilizer, each 50g/ mu, it is possible to control prosperous length, anti-three fall, and promote to be pollinated, and bear fruit fast, disease resistance.
The field soil of described step (11), avoids with the soil planting solanaceous crops.
The bud stage of described step (17), from buddingging to mid-October, sprays a Fructus Capsici chelating for every 10 days and concentrates plant luminous energy liquid fertilizer, each 50g/ mu.
Embodiment 2
The integrated high yield cultivating method of Fructus Capsici rich water delayed by a kind of booth Citrullus vulgaris in early spring with the autumn, and concrete comprises the following steps:
1) Citrullus vulgaris in early spring rich water integration high-yield culturing:
(1) seedbed prepares: substrate configures by volume, field soil: fertilizer: the high-quality peat composed of rotten mosses: Vermiculitum: perlite=14:7:4:2:2, every 1m3Adding 1.6kg GB compound fertilizer, be simultaneously introduced carbendazim, Bravo and bamboo fibre powder, volume ratio is carbendazim: Bravo: bamboo fibre powder: substrate=1.6:1.8:250:1000, stirs, and sterilizes for substrate, obtains seedbed；
(2) presoaking and germinating: select low temperature resistant, low light tolerance, moisture-proof, Resistant, easily bear fruit, outward appearance and the good variety of watermelon of interior quality, seed is put in the warm water of 60 DEG C, rapidly stirring 15 minutes, stop stirring when water temperature is down to 42 DEG C, continue to soak seed, clean the surface of the seed mucus, dewatering, broken shell, is placed in 34 DEG C of calorstats, and humidity is 85%, carry out accelerating germination, radicle length is taken out to during 0.7cm, obtains Citrullus vulgaris bud, waits to sow；
(3) sowing: select sow the morning of fine day, radicle is downward, cover substrate, thickness is 1.5cm, built epiphragma the most immediately, add a cover straw mat or insulation quilt night, strict temperature control, do not water on the basis of bottom water waters foot or water less, field planting stops watering for first 6 days, before coming up, add a cover mulch film, Small plastic shed and straw screen or mat, carry out being incubated shading, promotion is emerged, the shading during 12:00 ~ 14:00 emerged latter 2 days, it is not required to shading later, normal management, final singling is carried out when seedling length to 2 slice true leaf, the weak Seedling of removal of double strain will be left, that is short of seedling fills the gaps with seedlings in time；
(4) do furrow: deep plough before entering the winter 24cm by soil in booth, carries out frozen soil, makes loosing soil wholely, fertilizer half is spread fertilizer over the fields, and half applies melon ditch, and chemical fertilizer all applies melon ditch, fertilizer is ploughed deeply and is buried, and it is furrow, furrow width 2.5m, high 14cm after soil mixing leveling, furrow furrow width 40cm, arrange rich water integration pipe network, first 3 days covering with plastic film of field planting, obtain booth land for growing field crops；
(5) survival after transplant: late Febuary to early March, selection stalwartness is anosis, internode is short and thick, the strong sprout of leaf dark green, well developed root system carries out field planting, and line-spacing is 2.4m, and spacing in the rows is 40cm, field planting Hou Quan garden covering with plastic film, controls canopy humidity, reduces disease；
(6) seedling-slowing stage: temperature of shed daytime is 32 DEG C, and night is 15 DEG C, and drip during field planting 3m3/ mu, need not between seedling-slowing stage water；
(7) stretch the climing phase: temperature of shed daytime is 28 DEG C, and night is 20 DEG C, 3 days 5m that water after slow Seedling3/ mu, when just stretching climing, in conjunction with the 15m that waters3/ mu, imposes Olympic pellet nitrate-based compound fertilizer (25-4-6) 10kg/ mu and containing aminoacid and more trace elements antibacterial potentiation punching fertilising 2.5kg/ mu, promotes robust plant growth, and prematurity, and rewater 8m when the climing 40cm of melon3/ mu；
(8) blooming the phase of bearing fruit: plant still grows in canopy, temperature of shed daytime is 32 DEG C, and night is 20 DEG C, does not topdresses, and strict control is watered, and when soil moisture content difference to impact is beared fruit, can water little water 7m3/ mu；
(9) in fruit expanding period and the period of maturation: controlling temperature of shed daytime is 33 DEG C, and night is 20 DEG C, watering water for the first time when young fruit 3.5cm, irrigation amount is 22m3/ mu, watered a water, each 22m later every 7 days3/ mu, continuous 3 times, stop watering after fruit stops growing, impose swelling melon fertilizer in conjunction with watering water for the first time, based on quick-acting chemical fertilizer, dose is Olympic pellet nitrate-based compound fertilizer (15-5-25) 20kg/ mu and rushes fertilising 6kg/ mu containing aminoacid and the antibacterial potentiation of more trace elements；
(10) gathering: be optimal collecting time during 10:00 ~ 14:00 every day, after first Citrullus vulgaris is gathered, timely drip irrigation liquid manure, the amount of dripping is 26m3/ mu, NPK (17-7-17) 20/mu and rush fertilising 7/mu containing aminoacid and the antibacterial potentiation of more trace elements, fully dissolves fertilizer before fertilising, then carries out drip irrigation, after gathering completely, melon vine being crushed to 20 mesh, adds carbendazim and Bravo in melon vine powder, volume ratio is carbendazim: Bravo: melon vine powder=2:1:200, mix latter vexed 7 days thoroughly, uniformly it is spread in booth, by soil deep tillage 24cm, standby；
2) autumn delays Fructus Capsici rich water integration high-yield culturing:
(11) seedbed prepares: substrate configures by volume, field soil: fertilizer=7:4, every 1m3Add 1.4kg GB compound fertilizer, stir, cross 10 mesh sieves, make wide 1.4m, the furrow of high 20cm, water vola water before sowing, obtain seedbed；
(12) presoaking and germinating: select disease-resistant, degeneration-resistant, the capsicum variety of high yield, high-quality, storage tolerance, 23MHz microwave drying 5 minutes, scald with 64 DEG C of hot water of seed weight 5 times amount and plant, and it is continuously agitated 20 minutes, use soaked in cold water 2 ~ 3 hours again, pull out, wait to sow；
(13) sowing: late June was sowed to mid-July, and application rate is 70g/ mu, and vola water, uniform broadcasting seed are watered in seedbed, covering stromal thickness is 1.4cm, covering with plastic film and straw screen or mat, when 60% seed sprouting, taking off out mulch film and straw screen or mat that bed surface covers, manual removal plants shell, and the 4m that sprays water3/ mu, plastic house sunshade net during the 10:00 ~ 17:00 of fine day, and progressively shorten the time, to first 7 days of field planting no longer covered with sunshade net, waters permeable, keeps seedbed to moisten, carry out thinning, pull out disease Seedling, weak Seedling and weeds during 1 true leaf every morning；
(14) do furrow: deep plough 20cm by the soil planting Citrullus vulgaris in booth wholely, organic fertilizer 4000kg/ mu, NPK (17-7-17) 45kg/ mu, loam mixes, and harrows broken leveling, first 7 days of field planting, build the booth of span 8m, button teleblem, does wide 70m, high 18cm, the furrow of furrow width 30cm, rich water integration pipe network is identical with the plantation of Citrullus vulgaris in early spring, obtains booth land for growing field crops；
(15) survival after transplant: late July to early August, selects well developed root system, and disease pest endangers, the strong sprout that leaf color is dark green, plump, after overcast and rainy whole day or fine day 16:00, carries out digging cave by the seeding row spacing of 40cm × 60cm and transplants, and ridging is watered permeable；
(16) seedling-slowing stage: temperature of shed daytime is 28 DEG C, and night is 14 DEG C, drip irrigation 16m during field planting3/ mu, seedling-slowing stage, after 7 days, waters once, and irrigation amount is 8m3/ mu；
(17) bud stage: temperature of shed daytime is 24 DEG C, and night is 14 DEG C, and Fructus Capsici buddingged before the 1st, 2 layers of colored setting and controls to water, and when fruit diameter reaches 3cm, drips and topdresses, and irrigation amount is 13m3/ mu, imposes NPK (15-5-25) 6kg/ mu and containing aminoacid and more trace elements antibacterial potentiation punching fertilising 3.5kg/ mu, after topdressing, notes ventilation, spend following side shoot all to extract for the 1st layer, it is to avoid consume fertility；
(18) best fruiting period: temperature of shed daytime is 32 DEG C, and night is 20 DEG C, drips once every 7 days, each 15m3/ mu, combining after Fructus Capsici setting drips imposes NPK (15-5-25) 8kg/ mu and containing aminoacid and more trace elements fertilizer 6kg/ mu；
(19) result final-period management: October, temperature of shed daytime is 26 DEG C, and daytime notes aeration-cooling, and night is 18 DEG C；After the Frost's Descent, temperature of shed daytime is 24 DEG C, and night is 14 DEG C；The potassium dihydrogen phosphate using mass concentration to be 0.3% (w/w), carried out 1 foliage spray, each 14m every 10 days3/ mu；
(20) gather: be optimal collecting time during 10:00 ~ 14:00 every day, after first Fructus Capsici is gathered, want timely drip irrigation liquid manure, often pluck once, drip and execute NPK (15-5-25) 12kg/ mu, after plucking 2 times continuously, increase containing aminoacid and more trace elements antibacterial potentiation punching fertilising 5kg/ mu.
The field soil of described step (1), avoids with vegetable garden soil or the soil of planting melon crop.
The bamboo fibre powder of described step (1), is prepared from bamboo leftover bits and pieces, and particle diameter is 1.8mm, effective resisting pathogenic microbes, Nantural non-toxic, need to use once for annual.
The strict temperature control of described step (3), front seedbed of emerging should be airtight, and temperature is maintained at 35 DEG C, and before occurring to rough leaf after emerging, temperature controls at 25 DEG C, and after rough leaf is launched, temperature controls at 30 DEG C, and field planting temperature the last week controls at 25 DEG C.
The fertilizer of described step (4) is that high-quality is become thoroughly decomposed dried poultrymanure, and dose is 600kg/ mu, and chemical fertilizer is Olympic pellet nitrate-based compound fertilizer (17-7-17), and dose is 50kg/ mu.
Described step (4) arranges rich water integration pipe network, uses three grades of formulas, i.e. main, arm and drip irrigation pipe；Wherein hollow billet dripping end flow is 2.8L/ hour, and dripper spacing is 40cm, adjacent 2 capillary pipe spacing 60cm, and hollow billet is directly installed on arm, and arm connects main or directly connects with water source, and the gauze that filter uses aperture to be 12 mesh filters.
Described step (7) stretch the climing phase, from stretch climing from the beginning of, within 15 days, spray Citrullus vulgaris chelating and concentrate plant luminous energy liquid fertilizer, each 60g/ mu, it is possible to control prosperous length, anti-three fall, and promote to be pollinated, and bear fruit fast, disease resistance.
The field soil of described step (11), avoids with the soil planting solanaceous crops.
The bud stage of described step (17), from buddingging to mid-October, sprays a Fructus Capsici chelating for every 12 days and concentrates plant luminous energy liquid fertilizer, each 60g/ mu.
Comparative example
Conventional land for growing field crops outdoor plantation Citrullus vulgaris and the method for Fructus Capsici.
The main nutrient composition of embodiment and comparative example Citrullus vulgaris and Radix Rauvolfiae measures:
Take a number of embodiment and comparative example Citrullus vulgaris and Radix Rauvolfiae, its main nutrient composition is measured, the results are shown in Table 1 and table 2.
Table 1: the main nutrient composition (every 100 grams) of embodiment and comparative example Citrullus vulgaris
| Project | Carotene/(μ g) | Vc/(mg) | Calcium/(mg) | Zinc/(mg) |
| Embodiment 1 | 518.7 | 8.2 | 12.5 | 0.58 |
| Embodiment 2 | 522.3 | 9.7 | 13.7 | 0.69 |
| Comparative example | 450.7 | 6.3 | 8.2 | 0.14 |
Table 2: the main nutrient composition (every 100 grams) of embodiment and comparative example Radix Rauvolfiae
| Project | Vc/(mg) | Ferrum/(mg) | Selenium/(μ g) | Zinc/(μ g) |
| Embodiment 1 | 248 | 1.02 | 0.52 | 0.68 |
| Embodiment 2 | 262 | 1.31 | 0.65 | 0.79 |
| Comparative example | 174 | 0.53 | 0.38 | 0.14 |
From Tables 1 and 2 it can be seen that Citrullus vulgaris and the Radix Rauvolfiae of Fructus Capsici rich water integrated high yield cultivating method plantation delayed by the booth Citrullus vulgaris in early spring of embodiment with the autumn, the content of each nutritional labeling substantially relatively comparative example is high, nutritious.
The yield income of embodiment and comparative example Citrullus vulgaris and Fructus Capsici:
In identical area, the method being respectively adopted embodiment and comparative example, the soil of plantation equivalent, plant 3 years, calculating total plantation yield and the total income situation of annual every mu, result takes the meansigma methods of 3 years, and the yield income situation of embodiment and comparative example Citrullus vulgaris and Fructus Capsici is shown in Table 3.
Table 3: the yield income situation of embodiment and comparative example Citrullus vulgaris and Fructus Capsici
| Project | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Comparative example |
| Year per mu yield/(kg) | 6105 | 6254 | 5243 |
| Per mu yield value/(first) | 15910 | 16298 | 13664 |
| Input-output ratio | 1:2.17 | 1:2.23 | 1:1.92 |
| Rate of growth/(%) | 16.4 | 19.3 | — |
| Water-saving rate/(%) | 34.8 | 40.5 | — |
| Joint medicine rate/(%) | 27.3 | 29.4 | — |
| Fertile rate/(%) of joint | 28.8 | 37.5 | — |
Note: " " indicate without.
From table 3 it can be seen that the integrated high yield cultivating method of Fructus Capsici rich water delayed by the booth Citrullus vulgaris in early spring of embodiment with the autumn, it is possible to relatively comparative example dramatically increases yield and income, economize on water, save fertilizer, joint medicine rate height, significantly reduce planting cost, improve input-output ratio.
Claims (9)
1. the integrated high yield cultivating method of Fructus Capsici rich water delayed by a booth Citrullus vulgaris in early spring with the autumn, it is characterised in that concrete comprises the following steps:
1) Citrullus vulgaris in early spring rich water integration high-yield culturing:
(1) seedbed prepares: substrate configures by volume, field soil: fertilizer: the high-quality peat composed of rotten mosses: Vermiculitum: perlite=12 ~ 14:6 ~ 7:3 ~ 4:1 ~ 2:1 ~ 2, often 1m addition 1.4 ~ 1.6kg GB compound fertilizer, it is simultaneously introduced carbendazim, Bravo and bamboo fibre powder, volume ratio is carbendazim: Bravo: bamboo fibre powder: substrate=1.2 ~ 1.6:1.4 ~ 1.8:200 ~ 250:1000, stir, sterilize for substrate, obtain seedbed；
(2) presoaking and germinating: select low temperature resistant, low light tolerance, moisture-proof, Resistant, easily bear fruit, outward appearance and the good variety of watermelon of interior quality, seed is put in the warm water of 55 ~ 60 DEG C, stirs rapidly 10 ~ 15 minutes, stop stirring when water temperature is down to 38 ~ 42 DEG C, continue to soak seed, clean the surface of the seed mucus, dewatering, broken shell, is placed in 32 ~ 34 DEG C of calorstats, and humidity is 83 ~ 85%, carry out accelerating germination, radicle length is taken out to during 0.5 ~ 0.7cm, obtains Citrullus vulgaris bud, waits to sow；
(3) sowing: select sow the morning of fine day, radicle is downward, cover substrate, thickness is 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, built epiphragma the most immediately, add a cover straw mat or insulation quilt night, strict temperature control, do not water on the basis of bottom water waters foot or water less, within before field planting 5 ~ 6 days, stop watering, before coming up, add a cover mulch film, Small plastic shed and straw screen or mat, carry out being incubated shading, promotion is emerged, the shading during 12:00 ~ 14:00 of 1 ~ 2 day after emerging, it is not required to shading later, normal management, final singling is carried out when seedling length to 2 slice true leaf, the weak Seedling of removal of double strain will be left, that is short of seedling fills the gaps with seedlings in time；
(4) do furrow: deep plough before entering the winter 20 ~ 24cm by soil in booth, carries out frozen soil, makes loosing soil wholely, fertilizer half is spread fertilizer over the fields, and half applies melon ditch, and chemical fertilizer all applies melon ditch, fertilizer is ploughed deeply and is buried, and do furrow after soil mixing leveling, the wide 2 ~ 2.5m of furrow, high 12 ~ 14cm, furrow furrow width 30 ~ 40cm, arrange rich water integration pipe network, 2 ~ 3 days covering with plastic film before field planting, obtain booth land for growing field crops；
(5) survival after transplant: late Febuary to early March, selection stalwartness is anosis, internode is short and thick, the strong sprout of leaf dark green, well developed root system carries out field planting, and line-spacing is 1.1 ~ 1.2m, and spacing in the rows is 35 ~ 40cm, field planting Hou Quan garden covering with plastic film, controls canopy humidity, reduces disease；
(6) seedling-slowing stage: temperature of shed daytime is 28 ~ 32 DEG C, and night is 10 ~ 15 DEG C, and drip during field planting 2 ~ 3m3/ mu, need not between seedling-slowing stage water；
(7) stretch the climing phase: temperature of shed daytime is 25 ~ 28 DEG C, and night is 14 ~ 20 DEG C, 2 ~ 3 days 4 ~ 5m that water after slow Seedling3/ mu, when just stretching climing, in conjunction with the 13 ~ 15m that waters3/ mu, imposes Olympic pellet nitrate-based compound fertilizer (25-4-6) 8 ~ 10kg/ mu and rushes fertilising 2.3 ~ 2.5kg/ mu containing aminoacid and the antibacterial potentiation of more trace elements, promotes robust plant growth, and prematurity, and rewater 6 ~ 8m when the climing 30 ~ 40cm of melon3/ mu；
(8) blooming the phase of bearing fruit: plant still grows in canopy, temperature of shed daytime is 28 ~ 32 DEG C, and night is 18 ~ 20 DEG C, does not topdresses, and strict control is watered, and when soil moisture content difference to impact is beared fruit, can water little water 5 ~ 7m3/ mu；
(9) in fruit expanding period and the period of maturation: controlling temperature of shed daytime is 28 ~ 33 DEG C, and night is 18 ~ 20 DEG C, watering water for the first time when young fruit 3 ~ 3.5cm, irrigation amount is 20 ~ 22m3/ mu, watered a water, each 20 ~ 22m later every 7 days3/ mu, continuous 2 ~ 3 times, stop watering after fruit stops growing, impose swelling melon fertilizer in conjunction with watering water for the first time, based on quick-acting chemical fertilizer, dose is Olympic pellet nitrate-based compound fertilizer (15-5-25) 18 ~ 20kg/ mu and rushes fertilising 5 ~ 6kg/ mu containing aminoacid and the antibacterial potentiation of more trace elements；
(10) gathering: be optimal collecting time during 10:00 ~ 14:00 every day, after first Citrullus vulgaris is gathered, timely drip irrigation liquid manure, the amount of dripping is 24 ~ 26m3/ mu, NPK (17-7-17) 15 ~ 20/mu and rush fertilising 5 ~ 7/mu containing aminoacid and the antibacterial potentiation of more trace elements, fully dissolves fertilizer before fertilising, then carries out drip irrigation, after gathering completely, melon vine being crushed to 20 mesh, adds carbendazim and Bravo in melon vine powder, volume ratio is carbendazim: Bravo: melon vine powder=2:1:200, mix latter vexed 5 ~ 7 days thoroughly, uniformly it is spread in booth, by soil deep tillage 22 ~ 24cm, standby；
2) autumn delays Fructus Capsici rich water integration high-yield culturing:
(11) seedbed prepares: substrate configures by volume, field soil: fertilizer=6 ~ 7:3 ~ 4, every 1m3Add 1.2 ~ 1.4kg GB compound fertilizer, stir, cross 8 ~ 10 mesh sieves, make wide 1.2 ~ 1.4m, the furrow of high 15 ~ 20cm, water vola water before sowing, obtain seedbed；
(12) presoaking and germinating: select disease-resistant, degeneration-resistant, the capsicum variety of high yield, high-quality, storage tolerance, 21 ~ 23MHz microwave drying 3 ~ 5 minutes, scald with 62 ~ 64 DEG C of hot water of seed weight 3 ~ 5 times amount and plant, and it is continuously agitated 15 ~ 20 minutes, use soaked in cold water 2 ~ 3 hours again, pull out, wait to sow；
(13) sowing: late June was sowed to mid-July, application rate is 60 ~ 70g/ mu, vola water is watered in seedbed, uniform broadcasting seed, covering stromal thickness is 1.2 ~ 1.4cm, covering with plastic film and straw screen or mat, when 50 ~ 60% seed sprouting, taking off out mulch film and straw screen or mat that bed surface covers, manual removal plants shell, and the 3 ~ 4m that sprays water3/ mu, plastic house sunshade net during the 10:00 ~ 17:00 of fine day, and progressively shorten the time, to field planting, 5 ~ 7 days no longer covered with sunshade nets, water permeable, keep seedbed to moisten, carry out thinning, pull out disease Seedling, weak Seedling and weeds during 1 true leaf every mornings；
(14) do furrow: deep plough 18 ~ 20cm by the soil planting Citrullus vulgaris in booth wholely, organic fertilizer 3000 ~ 4000kg/ mu, NPK (17-7-17) 40 ~ 45kg/ mu, loam mixes, and harrows broken leveling, before field planting 5 ~ 7 days, build the booth of span 6 ~ 8m, button teleblem, does wide 60 ~ 70m, high 16 ~ 18cm, the furrow of furrow width 30cm, rich water integration pipe network is identical with the plantation of Citrullus vulgaris in early spring, obtains booth land for growing field crops；
(15) survival after transplant: late July to early August, selects well developed root system, and disease pest endangers, the strong sprout that leaf color is dark green, plump, after overcast and rainy whole day or fine day 16:00, carries out digging cave by the seeding row spacing of 35 ~ 40cm × 55 ~ 60cm and transplants, and ridging is watered permeable；
(16) seedling-slowing stage: temperature of shed daytime is 26 ~ 28 DEG C, and night is 12 ~ 14 DEG C, drip irrigation 14 ~ 16m during field planting3/ mu, seedling-slowing stage, after 5 ~ 7 days, waters once, and irrigation amount is 6 ~ 8m3/ mu；
(17) bud stage: temperature of shed daytime is 22 ~ 24 DEG C, and night is 12 ~ 14 DEG C, and Fructus Capsici buddingged before the 1st, 2 layers of colored setting and controls to water, and when fruit diameter reaches 2 ~ 3cm, drips and topdresses, and irrigation amount is 11 ~ 13m3/ mu, imposes NPK (15-5-25) 5 ~ 6kg/ mu and rushes fertilising 2.5 ~ 3.5kg/ mu containing aminoacid and the antibacterial potentiation of more trace elements, after topdressing, noting ventilation, spend following side shoot all to extract for the 1st layer, it is to avoid consume fertility；
(18) best fruiting period: temperature of shed daytime is 28 ~ 32 DEG C, and night is 18 ~ 20 DEG C, drips once every 7d, each 13 ~ 15m3/ mu, combining after Fructus Capsici setting drips imposes NPK (15-5-25) 6 ~ 8kg/ mu and containing aminoacid and more trace elements fertilizer 4 ~ 6kg/ mu；
(19) result final-period management: October, temperature of shed daytime is 24 ~ 26 DEG C, and daytime notes aeration-cooling, and night is 16 ~ 18 DEG C；After the Frost's Descent, temperature of shed daytime is 22 ~ 24 DEG C, and night is 11 ~ 14 DEG C；The potassium dihydrogen phosphate using mass concentration to be 0.2 ~ 0.3% (w/w), carried out 1 foliage spray, each 12 ~ 14m every 7 ~ 10 days3/ mu；
(20) gather: be optimal collecting time during 10:00 ~ 14:00 every day, after first Fructus Capsici is gathered, want timely drip irrigation liquid manure, often pluck once, drip and execute NPK (15-5-25) 10 ~ 12kg/ mu, after plucking 2 times continuously, increase and rush fertilising 4 ~ 5kg/ mu containing aminoacid and the antibacterial potentiation of more trace elements.
The most according to claim 1, the integrated high yield cultivating method of Fructus Capsici rich water delayed by booth Citrullus vulgaris in early spring with the autumn, it is characterised in that the field of described step (1) soil, avoids with vegetable garden soil or the soil of planting melon crop.
The most according to claim 1, the integrated high yield cultivating method of Fructus Capsici rich water delayed by booth Citrullus vulgaris in early spring with the autumn, it is characterized in that, the bamboo fibre powder of described step (1), it is prepared from bamboo leftover bits and pieces, particle diameter is 1.2 ~ 1.8mm, effectively resisting pathogenic microbes, Nantural non-toxic, need to use once for annual.
The most according to claim 1, the integrated high yield cultivating method of Fructus Capsici rich water delayed by booth Citrullus vulgaris in early spring with the autumn, it is characterized in that, the strict temperature control of described step (3) points out that the front seedbed of Seedling should be airtight, temperature is maintained at 30 ~ 35 DEG C, before occurring to rough leaf after emerging, temperature controls at 20 ~ 25 DEG C, after rough leaf is launched, temperature controls at 25 ~ 30 DEG C, and field planting temperature the last week controls at 20 ~ 25 DEG C.
The most according to claim 1, the integrated high yield cultivating method of Fructus Capsici rich water delayed by booth Citrullus vulgaris in early spring with the autumn, it is characterized in that, the fertilizer of described step (4) is that high-quality is become thoroughly decomposed dried poultrymanure, dose is 500 ~ 600kg/ mu, chemical fertilizer is Olympic pellet nitrate-based compound fertilizer, and dose is 40 ~ 50kg/ mu.
The most according to claim 1, the integrated high yield cultivating method of Fructus Capsici rich water delayed by booth Citrullus vulgaris in early spring with the autumn, it is characterised in that described step (4) arranges rich water integration pipe network, uses three grades of formulas, i.e. main, arm and drip irrigation pipe；Wherein hollow billet dripping end flow is 2.6 ~ 2.8L/ hour, and dripper spacing is 35 ~ 40cm, adjacent 2 capillary pipe spacing 55 ~ 60cm, and hollow billet is directly installed on arm, and arm connects main or directly connects with water source, and the gauze that filter uses aperture to be 10 ~ 12 mesh filters.
The most according to claim 1, the integrated high yield cultivating method of Fructus Capsici rich water delayed by booth Citrullus vulgaris in early spring with the autumn, it is characterized in that, described step (7) stretch the climing phase, from stretch climing from the beginning of, within 10 ~ 15 days, spray Citrullus vulgaris chelating and concentrate plant luminous energy liquid fertilizer, each 50 ~ 60g/ mu, can control prosperous length, anti-three fall, and promote to be pollinated, bear fruit fast, disease resistance.
The most according to claim 1, the integrated high yield cultivating method of Fructus Capsici rich water delayed by booth Citrullus vulgaris in early spring with the autumn, it is characterised in that the field soil of described step (11), avoids with the soil planting solanaceous crops.
The most according to claim 1, the integrated high yield cultivating method of Fructus Capsici rich water delayed by booth Citrullus vulgaris in early spring with the autumn, it is characterized in that, the bud stage of described step (17), from buddingging to mid-October, within every 10 ~ 12 days, spray a Fructus Capsici chelating and concentrate plant luminous energy liquid fertilizer, each 50 ~ 60g/ mu.
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| CN107567972A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-12 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | A kind of capsicum for the method and plantation that capsicum Se content is improved based on phosphate fertilizer |
| CN107889693A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-10 | 桂林国农生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of imperial ridge capsicum |
| CN108925375A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-12-04 | 甘肃省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | A kind of cultural method of drought sandy land watermelon interplanting capsicum |
| CN108934833A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-12-07 | 固镇县绿色家园家庭农场 | A kind of high-yield planting method of early spring watermelon interplanting capsicum |
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| CN114586616A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-06-07 | 开封市蔬菜科学研究所 | Efficient multi-cropping cultivation method for watermelons and vegetables |
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| CN106416699A (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2017-02-22 | 上海应用技术大学 | Three-dimensional strawberry planting device and cultivation technology by utilizing same |
| CN106471931A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-03-08 | 张建委 | A kind of implantation methods of organic hot pepper |
| CN106576731A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-04-26 | 张海 | Seedling growing method for alpine chillies |
| CN107535341B (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2020-04-24 | 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 | Method for soilless watermelon cultivation |
| CN107535341A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-01-05 | 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of soilless culture watermelon |
| CN107567972A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-12 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | A kind of capsicum for the method and plantation that capsicum Se content is improved based on phosphate fertilizer |
| CN107889693A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-10 | 桂林国农生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of imperial ridge capsicum |
| CN108925375A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-12-04 | 甘肃省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | A kind of cultural method of drought sandy land watermelon interplanting capsicum |
| CN108934833A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-12-07 | 固镇县绿色家园家庭农场 | A kind of high-yield planting method of early spring watermelon interplanting capsicum |
| CN111434210A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2020-07-21 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Simple interplanting method for common head cabbages |
| CN109673417A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-26 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of capsicum annum fasciculatum chemical fertilizer, which subtracts, applies synergy cultural method |
| CN109673417B (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2021-06-18 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Pepper fertilizer application-reducing and efficiency-increasing cultivation method |
| CN109757318A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-05-17 | 湖南明穗生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of high-yield planting method of early spring watermelon interplanting capsicum |
| CN112166773A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-05 | 泰安市农业科学研究院 | Method for reducing application and increasing efficiency of chemical fertilizer in large-arch-shed watermelon-pepper annual crop rotation system |
| CN113024292A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-25 | 上海市农业科学院 | Special bio-organic fertilizer for watermelon cultivation and cultivation method of small-fruit watermelon |
| CN113024292B (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2022-08-16 | 上海市农业科学院 | Special bio-organic fertilizer for watermelon cultivation and cultivation method of small-fruit watermelon |
| CN114586616A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-06-07 | 开封市蔬菜科学研究所 | Efficient multi-cropping cultivation method for watermelons and vegetables |
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