CN112335507A - Planting method for winter-planting potatoes - Google Patents
Planting method for winter-planting potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN112335507A CN112335507A CN202011223179.9A CN202011223179A CN112335507A CN 112335507 A CN112335507 A CN 112335507A CN 202011223179 A CN202011223179 A CN 202011223179A CN 112335507 A CN112335507 A CN 112335507A
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- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000233622 Phytophthora infestans Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005756 Cymoxanil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- -1 benzoyl-manganese-zinc Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 9
- UZCGKGPEKUCDTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluazinam Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C(Cl)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1NC1=NC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl UZCGKGPEKUCDTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- YXKMMRDKEKCERS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyazofamid Chemical compound CN(C)S(=O)(=O)N1C(C#N)=NC(Cl)=C1C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 YXKMMRDKEKCERS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000005747 Chlorothalonil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005200 bud stage Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021328 potato skins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XERJKGMBORTKEO-VZUCSPMQSA-N (1e)-2-(ethylcarbamoylamino)-n-methoxy-2-oxoethanimidoyl cyanide Chemical compound CCNC(=O)NC(=O)C(\C#N)=N\OC XERJKGMBORTKEO-VZUCSPMQSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QNBTYORWCCMPQP-JXAWBTAJSA-N (Z)-dimethomorph Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1C(\C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)=C/C(=O)N1CCOCC1 QNBTYORWCCMPQP-JXAWBTAJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SOUGWDPPRBKJEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dichloro-N-(1-chloro-3-methyl-2-oxopentan-3-yl)-4-methylbenzamide Chemical compound ClCC(=O)C(C)(CC)NC(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=C(C)C(Cl)=C1 SOUGWDPPRBKJEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005730 Azoxystrobin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005761 Dimethomorph Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005863 Zoxamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WFDXOXNFNRHQEC-GHRIWEEISA-N azoxystrobin Chemical compound CO\C=C(\C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1OC1=CC(OC=2C(=CC=CC=2)C#N)=NC=N1 WFDXOXNFNRHQEC-GHRIWEEISA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N37/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof containing the group, wherein Cn means a carbon skeleton not containing a ring; Thio analogues thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/50—1,3-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
- A01N47/14—Di-thio analogues thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a planting method of winter potatoes, which comprises the following steps: selecting land, preparing land, applying base fertilizer, then treating the potatoes after accelerating germination into potato blocks, sowing seeds in large ridges and double rows after dressing seeds, and performing field management and pest control after film covering. After land selection, land preparation and base fertilizer application, potatoes are treated into potato blocks with 2-3 healthy bud eyes after germination acceleration, large-ridge double-row sowing is adopted, after film covering, timely seedling supplementing, weeding and topdressing are carried out, the prevention and treatment of potato late blight are alternately continued by using pesticides, seedling killing is carried out in the harvest period, and the yield increasing effect is obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of potato planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of winter potatoes.
Background
The Bijie city is located at the junction of the cloud, the noble and the III provinces, belongs to a karst landform in the environment, has peaks and peaks overlapping the peaks, has vertical and horizontal gullies, has an average altitude of about 1500m, has an annual rainfall of about 950mm, has a frost-free period of about 260 days and has an average temperature of about 13 ℃, and provides an extremely thick climate condition for potato planting. The planting area of the potatoes in the Bijie city is about 500 mu, and the potatoes become important crops after the poverty removal, enrichment and planting industry structure is adjusted. However, the extensive management in the habitual planting growth period still occupies a large proportion due to the fact that new varieties and new technologies are not deeply popularized in time and the like in production. The penmen, after many years of visit and investigation, find the following restriction bottlenecks in the production of high and stable yield of potatoes: the small-sized mechanization cannot be popularized due to the fact that the land is broken, the gradient is large, and the soil types are various, so that the labor cost is high; when the crops are changed, the land is not deeply ploughed and thinly ploughed, which results in that the yield is not increased and diseases occur in successive years. The grower can use the seeds for self-reservation all the year round according to personal preference, the regeneration of the seed potatoes is not timely, and the treatment measures for sowing the seed potatoes are not in place; because the grades, the production place information, the affiliation sources and the like of the seed potatoes cannot be distinguished by naked eyes, the seed potato propagation enterprises sell the mixed commodity potatoes as high-generation seed potatoes in order to obtain the assistance; the planting technology is mixed extensively, farmers and the like rely on ' serious mental state, government leading items or purchasing contracts signed with enterprises (professional cooperative society), basically what type of fertilizer is supplied and what fertilizer is used, the conditions are not proper according to the local conditions, the ' what is not supplied ' fertilization concept is adopted, and the planting method is always a habitual planting mode that the fertilizing amount is insufficient and single and the fertilizer is not applied in the middle and later periods of the growth period; the diseases are fixedly generated for many years, the prevention and control consciousness is slight, good conditions are created for the diseases by high-temperature continuous rainfall, and no comprehensive prevention and control measures and medicament combination exist, so that the prevention and control cost is higher and higher, and the prevention effect and the enthusiasm are not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a planting method of winter potatoes, which aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art, and comprises the steps of selecting land, preparing land and applying base fertilizer, processing potatoes after germination acceleration into potato blocks with 2-3 healthy eyes, sowing in large ridges and double rows, covering films, timely supplementing seedlings, weeding and topdressing, using pesticides to alternately continue the control of potato late blight, carrying out seedling killing treatment in a harvest period, and achieving remarkable yield increasing effect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a planting method of winter potatoes comprises the following steps:
s1, land selection, land preparation and base fertilizer application: selecting beans or corns as land blocks of previous crops, after the previous crops are harvested, deeply ploughing for 30cm, finely ploughing, finely harrowing, applying a base fertilizer, and shallowly ploughing and harrowing before sowing to obtain a planting field;
s2, potato treatment: after the potatoes are subjected to pregermination,
selecting whole potatoes as potato blocks, wherein the weight of the potatoes is 35g or more and m is less than 50 g;
cutting potatoes with the weight m of more than or equal to 50g into pieces at positions close to the eyes of the buds, and removing rotten parts to obtain potato pieces;
the number of healthy bud eyes on the potato blocks is 2-3;
the dicing treatment method comprises the following steps:
longitudinally cutting potatoes with the weight of 50g or more and m or less than 100g into two sections along the direction vertical to the head and the tail to obtain potato blocks;
longitudinally beveling potatoes with the weight of 100g or more and m or less than 150g into three petals along the direction vertical to the head and the tail to obtain potato blocks;
spirally beveling potatoes with the weight m being more than or equal to 150g from the tail part to the top part into a plurality of three-dimensional triangular potato blocks;
after the potato blocks are cut into pieces, the disease incidence rate of the potato blocks can be reduced, and the emergence rate is increased;
s3, seed dressing: after the 60% imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent is added with water, the potato blocks obtained in the S2 are sprayed and stirred, covered by a covering for 2 to 3 hours, spread out and dried in the shade, and the potato blocks to be sowed are obtained;
s4, sowing: in the area with the 11-month bottom and the low sea wave height of below 1600m, the potato blocks to be sown obtained in the S3 are sown in the planting field obtained in the S1 in large-ridge double-row mode, the ridge distance between every two adjacent ridges is 80cm, the ridge height is 25cm, the potato blocks in two rows on the same ridge are distributed in a zigzag shape along the length direction of the ridge, and the pit distances between the adjacent potato blocks on the same ridge are 33 cm;
s5, coating: after sowing, performing film mulching, and covering soil on the periphery to preserve soil moisture;
s6, field management:
s601, pressing the damaged film with soil, checking the field and replenishing the seedlings after the seedlings are basically aligned;
s602, weeding is carried out for 3-4 times from the bud stage of the potatoes according to the field conditions;
s603, topdressing: after the first weeding, the mixture of the compound fertilizer b and potassium sulfate is applied, and in the tuber expansion period, 1 time of potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.2 percent is sprayed on the leaves;
s7, pest control:
spraying 80% carbendazim wettable powder with the dilution multiple of 1500 times of the liquid 10-15 days after the emergence of the potatoes, spraying the wettable powder once every 10-15 days, and spraying the wettable powder 2-3 times in total to prevent and control the potato late blight;
when the relative humidity is more than or equal to 90% in 2 consecutive days and the time of the cumulative minimum temperature of more than or equal to 10 ℃ per day is more than or equal to 11 hours, or when the relative humidity of more than or equal to 95% in 8 consecutive days and the temperature at night is 10-13 ℃, and water drops are continuously sprayed on the potato leaves for 11-14 hours, alternately spraying pesticide to prevent the potato late blight;
s8, seedling killing treatment before harvest:
7-14 days before harvesting, carrying out seedling killing treatment on overground plants of the potatoes to prevent disease propagation;
s9, harvesting and storing: after the potato skins are aged, the potatoes are aired for 15 to 20 days at room temperature, the diseased and rotten potatoes are removed, the potatoes are put into a warehouse, and the warehouse is fumigated by sulfur or chlorothalonil before being put into the warehouse.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in S1 is a mixture of decomposed farmyard manure, compound fertilizer a and microbial agent; the amount of the decomposed farmyard manure in the base fertilizer is 1500 kg/mu; the dosage of the compound fertilizer a is 50 kg/mu; the dosage of the microbial inoculum is 40 kg/mu.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the phosphorus pentoxide and the mass fraction of the potassium oxide in the compound fertilizer a are 38.93% and 25.23%; the microbial agent is a mixture of a root strengthening microbial agent and an anti-continuous cropping microbial agent in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
Preferably, the number of healthy eyes on the potato pieces in the S2 is 2-3.
Preferably, when the potatoes are diced in the step S2, the cutting knife is soaked in 75 mass percent of medical alcohol or 0.5 mass percent of potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 5-10 min before each dicing.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the 60% imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent, water and potato pieces in S3 is 1:50: 500.
Preferably, the method for supplementing seedlings in S601 comprises the following steps: digging multiple main stem seedlings with multiple plants in one hole in a field, digging soil, breaking one plant, transplanting the plant with root and soil to a seedling lacking place, or densely planting potato blocks to be sown obtained in a sowing seed row S3 beside a planting field during sowing, thinning seedlings after seedling emergence, and transplanting the potato blocks with soil to the seedling lacking place.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the compound fertilizer b to the potassium sulfate in the mixture of the compound fertilizer b and the potassium sulfate in S603 is (1.3-2.5): 1; the application amount of the mixture of the compound fertilizer b and the potassium sulfate is 65 kg/mu to 75 kg/mu; the mass fractions of N, P and K in the compound fertilizer b are both 15%.
Preferably, the method for alternately spraying the pesticide in the S7 comprises the following steps:
alternately applying 50% flupyridalyl cyanamide water dispersible granules with the dosage of 45 g/mu, 75% benzoyl-manganese-zinc water dispersible granules with the dosage of 45 g/mu, 100g/L cyazofamid suspending agent with the dosage of 30 g/mu and 500g/L fluazinam suspending agent with the dosage of 35 g/mu every 7-10 days;
or alternatively applying the medicament a with the dosage of 100 g/mu, the medicament b with the dosage of 100 g/mu and the combined medicament c with the dosage of 100 g/mu every 7-10 days;
the composite medicament a is a mixture of 70% of enoyl cymoxanil water dispersible granules and 75% of benzoyl manganese zinc water dispersible granules in a mass ratio of 1: 1;
the combined medicament b is a mixture of 500g/L fluazinam suspending agent and 100g/L cyazofamid suspending agent in a mass ratio of 1: 1;
the combined medicament c is a mixture of 500g/L fluazinam suspending agent and 25% azoxystrobin suspending agent in a mass ratio of 1: 1;
the mass ratio of zoxamide to mancozeb in the 75% benzoyl-mancozeb water dispersible granule is 8.3: 66.7; the mass ratio of dimethomorph to cymoxanil in the 70% dimethomorph-cymoxanil water dispersible granule is 50: 20.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
after land selection, land preparation and base fertilizer application, potatoes are treated into potato blocks with 2-3 healthy bud eyes after germination acceleration, large-ridge double-row sowing is adopted, after film covering, timely seedling supplementing, weeding and topdressing are carried out, the prevention and treatment of potato late blight are alternately continued by using pesticides, seedling killing is carried out in the harvest period, and the yield increasing effect is obvious.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
Example 1
2018 and 2019, in the Hengchang district of Bingjie, the potato of Wenchao 5 is used for technical demonstration, the longitude is 105 degrees and 16 '37 degrees, the latitude is 27 degrees and 10' 11 degrees, the altitude is 1600 meters, the soil quality is loam, the fertility is medium and high, the texture is loose, the fertility is uniform, the machine tillage before sowing, small-sized mechanical soil crushing and leveling, and the stubble is manually removed.
The planting method of the winter potatoes in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, land selection, land preparation and base fertilizer application: selecting corns as a land block of a previous crop, after the previous crop is harvested, deeply ploughing for 30cm, finely ploughing, finely harrowing, applying a base fertilizer, and finely ploughing and harrowing in a shallow mode before sowing to obtain a planting field; the base fertilizer is a mixture of decomposed farmyard manure, compound fertilizer a and microbial agent; the amount of the decomposed farmyard manure in the base fertilizer is 1500 kg/mu; the dosage of the compound fertilizer a is 50 kg/mu; the dosage of the microbial inoculum is 40 kg/mu; in the compound fertilizer a, the mass fraction of phosphorus pentoxide is 38.93%, and the mass fraction of potassium oxide is 25.23%; the microbial agent is a mixture of a root strengthening microbial agent and an anti-continuous cropping microbial agent in a mass ratio of 1: 1; the root-strengthening microbial inoculum is a microbial inoculum for applying Bao Li, strengthening roots and promoting seedlings, and is purchased in the market; the continuous cropping resistant microbial inoculum is Jindikang No. 1-broad-spectrum continuous cropping resistant microbial inoculum which is purchased in the market;
s2, potato treatment: after the potatoes are subjected to pregermination,
selecting whole potatoes as potato blocks, wherein the weight of the potatoes is 35g or more and m is less than 50 g;
cutting potatoes with the weight m of more than or equal to 50g into pieces at a position close to the eyes of the buds, and removing rotten parts to obtain potato pieces;
the number of healthy bud eyes on the potato blocks is 2-3;
the dicing treatment method comprises the following steps:
longitudinally cutting potatoes with the weight of 50g or more and m or less than 100g into two sections along the direction vertical to the head and the tail to obtain potato blocks;
longitudinally beveling potatoes with the weight of 100g or more and m or less than 150g into three petals along the direction vertical to the head and the tail to obtain potato blocks;
spirally beveling potatoes with the weight m being more than or equal to 150g from the tail part to the top part into a plurality of three-dimensional triangular potato blocks;
when the potatoes are diced, the cutting knife is soaked in 75 mass percent of medical alcohol or 0.5 mass percent of potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 5min before each dicing;
s3, seed dressing: after the 60% imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent is added with water, the potato blocks obtained in the S2 are sprayed and stirred, covered with a covering for 2 hours, spread out and dried in the shade, and the potato blocks to be sowed are obtained; the mass ratio of the 60% imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent to the water to the potato pieces is 1:50: 500;
s4, sowing: in the area with the 11-month bottom and the low sea wave height of below 1600m, the potato blocks to be sown obtained in the S3 are sown in the planting field obtained in the S1 in large-ridge double-row mode, the ridge distance between every two adjacent ridges is 80cm, the ridge height is 25cm, the potato blocks in two rows on the same ridge are distributed in a zigzag shape along the length direction of the ridge, and the pit distances between the adjacent potato blocks on the same ridge are 33 cm;
s5, coating: after sowing, performing film mulching, and covering soil on the periphery to preserve soil moisture;
s6, field management:
s601, pressing the damaged film with soil, checking the field and replenishing the seedlings after the seedlings are basically aligned; the method for filling the seedlings comprises the following steps: digging multiple main stem seedlings with multiple plants in one hole in a field, breaking one plant with soil, transplanting the plant with roots and soil to a seedling-lacking place, thinning the seedlings after emergence of seedlings, and transplanting the seedlings with soil to the seedling-lacking place;
s602, weeding for 3 times from the bud stage of the potatoes according to the field condition;
s603, topdressing: after the first weeding, the mixture of the compound fertilizer b and potassium sulfate is applied, and in the tuber expansion period, 1 time of potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.2 percent is sprayed on the leaves; the mass ratio of the compound fertilizer b to the potassium sulfate in the mixture of the compound fertilizer b and the potassium sulfate is 1.3: 1; the application amount of the mixture of the compound fertilizer b and the potassium sulfate is 65 kg/mu; the mass fractions of N, P and K in the compound fertilizer b are both 15%;
s7, pest control:
spraying 80% carbendazim wettable powder with the dilution multiple of 1500 times of the liquid 10 days after the emergence of the potatoes, spraying for 3 times at intervals of 10 days, and preventing and treating the potato late blight;
when the relative humidity is more than or equal to 90% after 2 continuous days and the time of accumulating the lowest temperature more than or equal to 10 ℃ every day is more than or equal to 11 hours, alternately spraying pesticide to prevent the potato late blight;
the method for alternately spraying the pesticide comprises the following steps:
alternately applying 50% flupyridalyl cyanamide water dispersible granules with the dosage of 45 g/mu, 75% benzoyl-manganese-zinc water dispersible granules with the dosage of 45 g/mu, 100g/L cyazofamid suspending agent with the dosage of 30 g/mu and 500g/L fluazinam suspending agent with the dosage of 35 g/mu every 7-10 days;
s8, seedling killing treatment before harvest:
in 14 days before harvesting, the overground plant of the potato is subjected to seedling killing treatment to prevent disease propagation;
s9, harvesting and storing: after the potato skins are aged and aired for 15 days at room temperature, diseased and rotten potatoes are removed and then are put into a warehouse, and the warehouse is fumigated by sulfur or chlorothalonil before being put into the warehouse.
Meanwhile, a control area is arranged beside the demonstration area of the embodiment 1, and the planting method of the winter potatoes in the control area comprises the following steps:
s1, land selection, land preparation and base fertilizer application: selecting corns as a land block of a previous crop, after the previous crop is harvested, deeply ploughing for 30cm, finely ploughing, finely harrowing, applying a base fertilizer, and finely ploughing and harrowing in a shallow mode before sowing to obtain a planting field; the base fertilizer is decomposed farmyard manure and compound fertilizer a; the amount of the decomposed farmyard manure in the base fertilizer is 1500 kg/mu; the dosage of the compound fertilizer a is 50 kg/mu; in the compound fertilizer a, the mass fraction of phosphorus pentoxide is 38.93%, and the mass fraction of potassium oxide is 25.23%;
s2, sowing: after accelerating germination of potatoes, sowing the potatoes in a planting field obtained in S1 in a mode of large-ridge double-row sowing in 11-month bottom in an area with a low sea wave height of below 1600m (same as 1,1600 m in the embodiment), wherein the ridge distance between two adjacent ridges is 80cm, the ridge height is 25cm, two rows of potato blocks on the same ridge are distributed in a zigzag shape along the length direction of the ridge, and the pit distances between the adjacent potato blocks on the same ridge are 33 cm;
s3, coating: after sowing, performing film mulching, and covering soil on the periphery to preserve soil moisture;
s4, field management: field management as in step S6 in example 1;
s5, pest control: pest control same as step S7 in example 1;
s6, seedling killing treatment before harvest: pre-harvest seedling-killing treatment as in step S8 in example 1;
s7, harvesting and storing: harvested and stored as in step S9 of example 1.
The yield of the test area in 2018 is 2037.2 kg/mu, the yield is increased by 217.8 kg compared with 1819.4 kg/mu in the control area, the yield is increased by 11.97%, the yield of the test area in 2019 is 2122.8 kg/mu, the yield is increased by 286.4 kg/mu compared with 1836.4 kg/mu in the control area, and the yield is increased by 15.6%.
Example 2
In 2018, the technical demonstration is carried out on the potato with the variety Xuan Shu No. 2 in the Qixingguan region of Bijie city, the longitude is 105 degrees 29 '37 degrees, the latitude is 27 degrees 19' 15 degrees, the altitude is 1518.6 meters, the soil is loam, the fertility is medium and high, the texture is loose, the fertility is uniform, the machine tillage before sowing, small-sized mechanical soil crushing and leveling are carried out, and the stubble is manually removed.
The planting method of the winter potatoes in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, land selection, land preparation and base fertilizer application: selecting beans as land blocks of previous crops, after the previous crops are harvested, deeply ploughing for 30cm, finely ploughing, finely harrowing, applying a base fertilizer, and shallowly ploughing and harrowing before sowing to obtain a planting field; the base fertilizer is a mixture of decomposed farmyard manure, compound fertilizer a and microbial agent; the amount of the decomposed farmyard manure in the base fertilizer is 1500 kg/mu; the dosage of the compound fertilizer a is 50 kg/mu; the dosage of the microbial inoculum is 40 kg/mu; the mass fraction of phosphorus pentoxide and the mass fraction of potassium oxide in the compound fertilizer a are 38.93% and 25.23%; the microbial agent is a mixture of a root strengthening microbial agent and an anti-continuous cropping microbial agent in a mass ratio of 1: 1; the root-strengthening microbial inoculum is a microbial inoculum for applying Bao Li, strengthening roots and promoting seedlings, and is purchased in the market; the continuous cropping resistant microbial inoculum is Jindikang No. 1-broad-spectrum continuous cropping resistant microbial inoculum which is purchased in the market;
s2, potato treatment: after the potatoes are subjected to pregermination,
selecting whole potatoes as potato blocks, wherein the weight of the potatoes is 35g or more and m is less than 50 g;
cutting potatoes with the weight m of more than or equal to 50g into pieces at positions close to the eyes of the buds, and removing rotten parts to obtain potato pieces;
the number of healthy bud eyes on the potato blocks is 2-3;
the dicing treatment method comprises the following steps:
longitudinally cutting potatoes with the weight of 50g or more and m or less than 100g into two sections along the direction vertical to the head and the tail to obtain potato blocks;
longitudinally beveling potatoes with the weight of 100g or more and m or less than 150g into three petals along the direction vertical to the head and the tail to obtain potato blocks;
spirally beveling potatoes with the weight m being more than or equal to 150g from the tail part to the top part into a plurality of three-dimensional triangular potato blocks; the potato blocks are placed on the potato blocks;
when the potatoes are diced, the cutting knife is soaked in 75 mass percent of medical alcohol or 0.5 mass percent of potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 10min before each dicing;
s3, seed dressing: after the 60% imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent is added with water, the potato blocks obtained in the S2 are sprayed and stirred, covered by a covering object for 3 hours, spread out and dried in the shade, and the potato blocks to be sowed are obtained; the mass ratio of the 60% imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent to the water to the potato pieces is 1:50: 500;
s4, sowing: in the area with the 11-month bottom and the low sea wave height of below 1600m, the potato blocks to be sown obtained in the S3 are sown in the planting field obtained in the S1 in large-ridge double-row mode, the ridge distance between every two adjacent ridges is 80cm, the ridge height is 25cm, the potato blocks in two rows on the same ridge are distributed in a zigzag shape along the length direction of the ridge, and the pit distances between the adjacent potato blocks on the same ridge are 33 cm;
s5, coating: after sowing, performing film mulching, and covering soil on the periphery to preserve soil moisture;
s6, field management:
s601, pressing the damaged film with soil, checking the field and replenishing the seedlings after the seedlings are basically aligned; the method for filling the seedlings comprises the following steps: closely planting potato blocks to be sown obtained in the sowing seed row S3 beside a planting field during sowing, thinning seedlings after emergence of seedlings, and transplanting the potato blocks with soil to a seedling-lacking place;
s602, weeding for 4 times from the bud stage of the potatoes according to the field condition;
s603, topdressing: after the first weeding, the mixture of the compound fertilizer b and potassium sulfate is applied, and in the tuber expansion period, 1 time of potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.2 percent is sprayed on the leaves; the mass ratio of the compound fertilizer b to the potassium sulfate in the mixture of the compound fertilizer b and the potassium sulfate is 2.5: 1; the application amount of the mixture of the compound fertilizer b and the potassium sulfate is 75 kg/mu; the mass fractions of N, P and K in the compound fertilizer b are both 15%;
s7, pest control:
spraying 80% carbendazim wettable powder with the dilution multiple of 1500 times of the liquid 15 days after the emergence of the potatoes, spraying for 2 times at intervals of 15 days, and preventing and treating the potato late blight;
when the relative humidity is more than or equal to 95% after 8 hours, the temperature at night is 10-13 ℃, and water drops are continuously formed on the potato leaves for 14 hours, alternately spraying pesticide to prevent the potato late blight;
the method for alternately spraying the pesticide comprises the following steps:
alternately applying a combined medicament a with the dosage of 100 g/mu, a combined medicament b with the dosage of 100 g/mu and a combined medicament c with the dosage of 100 g/mu every 7-10 days;
the composite medicament a is a mixture of 70% of enoyl cymoxanil water dispersible granules and 75% of benzoyl manganese zinc water dispersible granules in a mass ratio of 1: 1;
the combined medicament b is a mixture of 500g/L fluazinam suspending agent and 100g/L cyazofamid suspending agent in a mass ratio of 1: 1;
the combined medicament c is a mixture of 500g/L fluazinam suspending agent and 25% azoxystrobin suspending agent in a mass ratio of 1: 1;
the mass ratio of zoxamide to mancozeb in the 75% benzoyl-mancozeb water dispersible granule is 8.3: 66.7; the mass ratio of dimethomorph to cymoxanil in the 70% dimethomorph-cymoxanil water dispersible granule is 50: 20;
s8, seedling killing treatment before harvest:
7 days before harvesting, the overground plant of the potato is subjected to seedling killing treatment to prevent disease propagation;
s9, harvesting and storing: after the potato skins are aged and aired for 20 days at room temperature, diseased and rotten potatoes are removed and then are put into a warehouse, and the warehouse is fumigated by sulfur or chlorothalonil before being put into the warehouse.
Meanwhile, a control area is arranged beside the demonstration area of the embodiment 2, and the planting method of the winter potatoes in the control area comprises the following steps:
s1, land selection, land preparation and base fertilizer application: selecting beans as land blocks of previous crops, after the previous crops are harvested, deeply ploughing for 30cm, finely ploughing, finely harrowing, applying a base fertilizer, and shallowly ploughing and harrowing before sowing to obtain a planting field; the base fertilizer is decomposed farmyard manure and compound fertilizer a; the amount of the decomposed farmyard manure in the base fertilizer is 1500 kg/mu; the dosage of the compound fertilizer a is 50 kg/mu; in the compound fertilizer a, the mass fraction of phosphorus pentoxide is 38.93%, and the mass fraction of potassium oxide is 25.23%;
s2, sowing: after accelerating germination of potatoes, sowing large-ridge double-row potatoes in a planting field obtained in S1 at the bottom of 11 months in an area (with the altitude of 1518.6 m, the same as embodiment 2) with the low sea wave height of below 1600m, wherein the ridge distance between two adjacent ridges is 80cm, the ridge height is 25cm, two rows of potato blocks on the same ridge are distributed in a zigzag shape along the length direction of the ridge, and the distances between the adjacent potato blocks on the same ridge are 33 cm;
s3, coating: after sowing, performing film mulching, and covering soil on the periphery to preserve soil moisture;
s4, field management: field management as in step S6 in example 2;
s5, pest control: pest control same as step S7 in example 2;
s6, seedling killing treatment before harvest: pre-harvest seedling-killing treatment as in step S8 of example 2;
s7, harvesting and storing: harvested and stored as in step S9 of example 2.
The yield of the demonstration area is 1836.2 kg/mu, compared with the yield of the control area, 1720.8 kg/mu, the yield increase of the area is 115.4 kg, and the yield increase is 6.71%.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A planting method of winter potatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, land selection, land preparation and base fertilizer application: selecting beans or corns as land blocks of previous crops, after the previous crops are harvested, deeply ploughing for 30cm, finely ploughing, finely harrowing, applying a base fertilizer, and shallowly ploughing and harrowing before sowing to obtain a planting field;
s2, potato treatment: after the potatoes are subjected to pregermination,
selecting whole potatoes as potato blocks, wherein the weight of the potatoes is 35g or more and m is less than 50 g;
cutting potatoes with the weight m of more than or equal to 50g into pieces at positions close to the eyes of the buds, and removing rotten parts to obtain potato pieces;
the number of healthy bud eyes on the potato blocks is 2-3;
the dicing treatment method comprises the following steps:
longitudinally cutting potatoes with the weight of 50g or more and m or less than 100g into two sections along the direction vertical to the head and the tail to obtain potato blocks;
longitudinally beveling potatoes with the weight of 100g or more and m or less than 150g into three petals along the direction vertical to the head and the tail to obtain potato blocks;
spirally beveling potatoes with the weight m being more than or equal to 150g from the tail part to the top part into a plurality of three-dimensional triangular potato blocks;
s3, seed dressing: after the 60% imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent is added with water, the potato blocks obtained in the S2 are sprayed and stirred, covered by a covering for 2 to 3 hours, spread out and dried in the shade, and the potato blocks to be sowed are obtained;
s4, sowing: in the area with the 11-month bottom and the low sea wave height of below 1600m, the potato blocks to be sown obtained in the S3 are sown in the planting field obtained in the S1 in large-ridge double-row mode, the ridge distance between every two adjacent ridges is 80cm, the ridge height is 25cm, the potato blocks in two rows on the same ridge are distributed in a zigzag shape along the length direction of the ridge, and the pit distances between the adjacent potato blocks on the same ridge are 33 cm;
s5, coating: after sowing, performing film mulching, and covering soil on the periphery to preserve soil moisture;
s6, field management:
s601, pressing the damaged film with soil, checking the field and replenishing the seedlings after the seedlings are basically aligned;
s602, weeding is carried out for 3-4 times from the bud stage of the potatoes according to the field conditions;
s603, topdressing: after the first weeding, the mixture of the compound fertilizer b and potassium sulfate is applied, and in the tuber expansion period, 1 time of potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.2 percent is sprayed on the leaves;
s7, pest control:
spraying 80% carbendazim wettable powder with the dilution multiple of 1500 times of the liquid 10-15 days after the emergence of the potatoes, spraying the wettable powder once every 10-15 days, and spraying the wettable powder 2-3 times in total to prevent and control the potato late blight;
when the relative humidity is more than or equal to 90% in 2 consecutive days and the time of the cumulative minimum temperature of more than or equal to 10 ℃ per day is more than or equal to 11 hours, or when the relative humidity of more than or equal to 95% in 8 consecutive days and the temperature at night is 10-13 ℃, and water drops are continuously sprayed on the potato leaves for 11-14 hours, alternately spraying pesticide to prevent the potato late blight;
s8, seedling killing treatment before harvest:
7-14 days before harvesting, carrying out seedling killing treatment on overground plants of the potatoes to prevent disease propagation;
s9, harvesting and storing: after the potato skins are aged, the potatoes are aired for 15 to 20 days at room temperature, the diseased and rotten potatoes are removed, the potatoes are put into a warehouse, and the warehouse is fumigated by sulfur or chlorothalonil before being put into the warehouse.
2. The planting method of winter potatoes according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer in S1 is a mixture of decomposed farmyard manure, compound fertilizer a and microbial agent; the amount of the decomposed farmyard manure in the base fertilizer is 1500 kg/mu; the dosage of the compound fertilizer a is 50 kg/mu; the dosage of the microbial inoculum is 40 kg/mu.
3. The planting method of winter potatoes as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mass fraction of phosphorus pentoxide and the mass fraction of potassium oxide in the compound fertilizer a are 38.93% and 25.23%; the microbial agent is a mixture of a root strengthening microbial agent and an anti-continuous cropping microbial agent in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
4. The method for planting winter potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of sound eyes on the potato pieces in the step S2 is 2-3.
5. The planting method of winter potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the potato is diced in S2, and the cutting knife is soaked in 75% medical alcohol or 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 5-10 min before each dicing.
6. The planting method of winter potatoes of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the 60% imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent to the water to the potato pieces in S3 is 1:50: 500.
7. The planting method of winter potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for filling seedlings in S601 is as follows: digging multiple main stem seedlings with multiple plants in one hole in a field, digging soil, breaking one plant, transplanting the plant with root and soil to a seedling lacking place, or densely planting potato blocks to be sown obtained in a sowing seed row S3 beside a planting field during sowing, thinning seedlings after seedling emergence, and transplanting the potato blocks with soil to the seedling lacking place.
8. The planting method of winter potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the compound fertilizer b to the potassium sulfate in the mixture of the compound fertilizer b and the potassium sulfate in S603 is (1.3-2.5): 1; the application amount of the mixture of the compound fertilizer b and the potassium sulfate is 65 kg/mu to 75 kg/mu; the mass fractions of N, P and K in the compound fertilizer b are both 15%.
9. The planting method of winter potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pesticide spraying in S7 is performed alternatively by:
alternately applying 50% flupyridalyl cyanamide water dispersible granules with the dosage of 45 g/mu, 75% benzoyl-manganese-zinc water dispersible granules with the dosage of 45 g/mu, 100g/L cyazofamid suspending agent with the dosage of 30 g/mu and 500g/L fluazinam suspending agent with the dosage of 35 g/mu every 7-10 days;
or alternatively applying the medicament a with the dosage of 100 g/mu, the medicament b with the dosage of 100 g/mu and the combined medicament c with the dosage of 100 g/mu every 7-10 days;
the composite medicament a is a mixture of 70% of enoyl cymoxanil water dispersible granules and 75% of benzoyl manganese zinc water dispersible granules in a mass ratio of 1: 1;
the combined medicament b is a mixture of 500g/L fluazinam suspending agent and 100g/L cyazofamid suspending agent in a mass ratio of 1: 1;
the combined medicament c is a mixture of 500g/L fluazinam suspending agent and 25% azoxystrobin suspending agent in a mass ratio of 1: 1;
the mass ratio of zoxamide to mancozeb in the 75% benzoyl-mancozeb water dispersible granule is 8.3: 66.7; the mass ratio of dimethomorph to cymoxanil in the 70% dimethomorph-cymoxanil water dispersible granule is 50: 20.
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