CN109566280A - A kind of irrigation method of alfalfa in prone soil - Google Patents
A kind of irrigation method of alfalfa in prone soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109566280A CN109566280A CN201811509138.9A CN201811509138A CN109566280A CN 109566280 A CN109566280 A CN 109566280A CN 201811509138 A CN201811509138 A CN 201811509138A CN 109566280 A CN109566280 A CN 109566280A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
This application involves the irrigation methods of the alfalfa in a kind of pair of prone soil, it is the following steps are included: 1) alfalfa cultivation: using line-spacing for 10-20cm, depth of planting is the drilling of 1.5-2.5cm, 2) moisture creating institute water consumption alfalfa irrigation: is determined according to water consumpation situation before sowing, sowing stage makes irrigation depth be maintained at 10-22cm, after planting: a) clover seedling stage carries out light irrigation, 1 time a day, irrigation depth is 3-6cm, b) deep irrigation is carried out when clover plant height 10-20cm and controls the irrigation method that water combines, with 1 week for the period, wherein deep irrigation is subject to field without ponding, and control the dry ground that water makes surface layer form 3-6cm, in the sowing stage subsequent for the year, it is irrigated according to the color of alfalfa-leaves, irrigating depth every time is 10-30cm.The beneficial effect of water-saving and yield-increasing may be implemented using the specific quantifying irrigation mode of the application.
Description
Technical field
This application involves agriculture fields, more particularly to the irrigation method for the alfalfa being planted in prone soil.
Background technique
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is herbaceos perennial, is that Eurasia and countries in the world are wide
The feed of general plantation and herbage.Alfalfa cauline leaf is tender delicious, no matter green feeding, ensiling, modulation green hay, processing grass meal, use
In mixed feed or mixed fodder, all kinds of livestock and poultry are all most fond of, and pig raising and aviculture first choice greenfeed.
As China's dairy industry continues to develop, the demand to high quality grass is continuously increased, and national associated documents, which highlight, " to be revitalized
Milk industry clover developing activity ", domestic alfalfa cultivation area are stepped up.Chifeng Alukeerqin Banner is known as " China
Grass is all " title, be located in north of China Ecotone, meet with the influence of the natural causes such as arid year after year, soil desertification is tight
Weight.How the alfalfa cultivation of high yield is realized in the prone soil of large area, while can save the water resource of local preciousness
It is still the hot spot for being currently undertaken by grass cultivation research.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, this application provides the irrigation method of the alfalfa in a kind of pair of prone soil,
It includes the following steps,
1) alfalfa cultivation: using line-spacing for 10-20cm, and depth of planting is the drilling of 1.5-2.5cm,
2) alfalfa irrigation:
Moisture creating institute water consumption is determined according to water consumpation situation before sowing,
Sowing stage makes irrigation depth be maintained at 10-22cm,
After planting:
A) clover seedling stage carries out light irrigation, and 1 time a day, irrigation depth is 3-6cm,
B) deep irrigation is carried out when clover plant height 10-20cm and controls the irrigation method that water combines, with 1 week for the period, wherein deep
Filling is subject to field without ponding, and controls the dry ground that water makes surface layer form 3-6cm,
It in the sowing stage subsequent for the year, is irrigated according to the color of alfalfa-leaves, irrigating depth every time is 10-
30cm。
In some embodiments, deep irrigation is carried out in clover plant height 12-18cm, preferably from about 15cm and controls what water combined
Irrigation method, and control the dry ground that water makes surface layer form about 4cm.
In some embodiments, in the sowing stage subsequent for the year, irrigating depth every time is 10-30cm, preferably
15-20cm, more preferably from about 20cm, and field wet soil layer is made to be maintained at 40-80cm, preferably 50-70cm, more preferably from about 60cm.
Compared with prior art, using the irrigation method of the application, the reasonable utilization of water resource is not only realized, is also made
Alfalfa output has obtained significant raising.
Specific embodiment
As China's dairy industry continues to develop, the demand to high quality grass is continuously increased, and clover is as a kind of plantation extensively
Perennial grass, domestic cultivated area is just increasing year by year.Clover is the plant for needing water more, and water is to guarantee high yield, steady
One of key factor of production.Clover likes water, but intolerant to waterlogging, and ponding is especially most avoided in growth, permanent flooding 1~2 day or more will
Cause butt rot and mortality.Inner Mongol prairie, the gross area account for about the 1/10 of national territory.In at Inner Mongolia
Land, little precipitation, drought；The growth of past population is too fast, and unreasonably land reclamation, destroys surface vegetation, causes Inner Mongol
Ancient grassland desertification is serious.How in the desertification soil of such arid rational utilization of water resources, while guaranteeing high place of production kind
Plant the direction that clover is still grass cultivation scientific research personnel effort always.The present inventor irrigation side different using different phase
Formula has achieved the purpose that water-saving and yield-increasing.
Unless defined otherwise herein, the scientific and technical terms being otherwise used in combination with the disclosure should have ability
The normally understood meaning of domain those of ordinary skill.
Unless otherwise stated, following terms are construed as having following meanings.
" about " value or parameter used herein include the institute in the example and its left and right zone of reasonableness of the value or parameter itself
There are numerical value or parameter.For example, referring to that " about X " includes all numerical value in " X " and " X " ± 10% range.
" moisture in the soil ", the term in agricultural production, i.e. soil are suitble to the humidity of germination and plant growth.The feelings of soil moisture
Condition is also soil moisture content.
" moisture creating " indicates to increase soil moisture by artificial watering, thus the method begun sowing in good time.
Between between " control water " expression irrigation twice at regular intervals, so that upper soll layer self-assembling formation certain thickness
Dry ground.
Topsoil refers to that the topsoil through cultivation curing, general thickness 15-20cm, nutrient content relatively enrich.
This application provides the irrigation methods of the alfalfa in a kind of pair of prone soil comprising following steps:
1) alfalfa cultivation: using line-spacing for 10-20cm, and depth of planting is the drilling of 1.5-2.5cm,
2) alfalfa irrigation:
Moisture creating institute water consumption is determined according to water consumpation situation before sowing,
Sowing stage makes irrigation depth be maintained at 10-22cm,
After planting:
A) clover seedling stage carries out light irrigation, and 1 time a day, irrigation depth is 3-6cm,
B) deep irrigation is carried out when clover plant height 10-20cm and controls the irrigation method that water combines, with 1 week for the period, wherein deep
Filling is subject to field without ponding, and controls the dry ground that water makes surface layer form 3-6cm,
It in the sowing stage subsequent for the year, is irrigated according to the color of alfalfa-leaves, irrigating depth every time is 10-
30cm。
Those skilled in the art can routinely select the mode of Planting Medicago sativa.In general, being needed prior to seeding by field
Weeds are thoroughly removed, then that soil property is tidy and flat, and finally sprinkling enough base manure may wait for sowing.Method of sowing packet
It includes but is not limited to program request, drilling, broadcast sowing.The mode of drilling is preferred seeding method, because this facilitates the field management in later period.
In addition, those skilled in the art can routinely select the line-spacing of drilling method.For example, line-spacing can include but is not limited to 10-
30cm, 15-25cm, 18-22cm, preferably from about 15cm.
It needs to determine moisture creating institute water consumption according to water consumpation situation prior to seeding, those skilled in the art can be routinely
Determine the water that this stage needs are irrigated.For example, the irrigation before sowing is it is ensured that topsoil 20cm soil moisture content reaches 75%-
80%, which is considered to be suitble to germination of Alfalfa seed by those skilled in the art.Soil moisture content can pass through ability
Method known to domain measures.Soil moisture content refers to soil absolute water content, i.e. contains several grams of moisture in 100g drying soil,
Also referred to as soil moisture content.Measurement soil moisture content can grasp crop and need situation to water, there is critically important finger to agricultural production
Lead meaning, measuring method includes but is not limited to weight method, tensometer method, electric-resistivity method, NEUTRON METHOD, r- ray method, standing-wave ratio method, when
Domain bounce technique, higher-order of oscillation method (FDR) and optical method etc..Preferably, pass through commercially available soil nmoisture content analyser (such as WET-2
Soil moisture temperature conductivity tacheometer) directly measure soil moisture content.
In some embodiments, the irrigation depth of sowing stage is 14-18cm, preferably from about 16cm.
In seedling stage after planting, irrigated using first light irrigation, then deep irrigation with the mode that control water combines to realize.In light irrigation rank
Section, irrigation depth are 3-6cm, preferably 4-5cm, are irrigated daily primary.When clover plant height reaches 10-20cm, preferably 12-18cm,
When more preferable 14-16cm, most preferably from about 15cm, the irrigation method that deep irrigation combines control water is carried out, wherein deep irrigation is with field without ponding
Subject to, control water is it is ensured that upper soll layer forms 3-6cm, preferably 4-5cm, the most preferably from about dry ground of 4cm, and wherein this stage
It irrigates with 1 week as the period.
In the sowing stage subsequent for the year, those skilled in the art can determine clover according to the color of alfalfa-leaves
Whether water shortage.It indicates that moisture is normal when alfalfa-leaves are in green, water shortage is indicated when leaf color deepens, it should be filled in time
It irrigates, irrigating depth every time is 10-30cm, preferably 15-20cm, more preferably from about 20cm, and field wet soil layer is made to be maintained at 40-
80cm, preferably 50-70cm, more preferably from about 60cm.
Each year after sowing, those skilled in the art can periodically irrigate clover.For example, it is returning
1 water of turning green of green phase filling fills at least 2 water after cradling every time, fills 1 overwintering water before entering the winter.
It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any specific irrigation method can be used, such as manual type or automatic
Change mode.When acreage under cultivation is larger, the irrigation method of automation is generallyd use.Automatic irrigation commonly used in the art at present is adopted
With pointer irrigation sprinkler.Pointer irrigation sprinkler is called center pivot sprinkling machine, is to be fixed on the rotating fulcrum of irrigation sprinkler
The center of irrigated area is fixed on armored concrete support, and branch axle bed center lower end is connected with well pump outlet pipe or pressure pipe,
Upper end is connect by rotating mechanism with swivel elbow, is filled by a kind of water-saving and yield-increasing that the sprinkling system on truss is sprayed water to crop
Irrigate machinery.Such big machinery can be commercially available, and automatic irrigation area can be up to 100-1500 mus.Ability
Field technique personnel can according to need the pointer irrigation sprinkler of selection different manufacturers, different model.
It should be appreciated that be discussed in detail above only for making those skilled in the art more clearly understand present context,
And it is not intended to limit in any way.Those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and change to the embodiment
Change.
Embodiment
The disclosure is described in further detail by reference to following embodiments.The mesh that these embodiments are merely to illustrate is provided
, it is not intended to be restrictive, unless otherwise indicated.Therefore, the application should not be construed as limited to following embodiments, but
It should be interpreted that and cover due to introduction provided herein and will become apparent from any and all variations.
Method as used in the following examples, if not stated otherwise, use be this field routine method.
Embodiment 1
1. experimental plot overview
Experimental plot is located at pasture (the geography seat of the inner mongolia Alukeerqin Banner town Shao Gen Qiu Shi grass cultivation Co., Ltd
121 ° 00-120 ° 12 ' of east longitude are designated as, 43 ° 55 '-43 ° 21 ' of north latitude), height above sea level 430m, 350-450 millimeters of annual rainfall,
Average annual 6 DEG C of temperature, frost-free period 140 days or so.Soil property category sandy loam herein.This area belongs to temperate continental climate.
2. alfalfa cultivation
Clover (Medicago sativa L.WL525) seed is provided by hundred green China.It need to be after upper 1 year crop harvests
Then shallow winter breaking, weeding, soil moisture conservation are deep ploughed, tilling depth reaches 20cm, then harrows, presses, and keep its smooth.Apply fertilizer to the subsoil, i.e., compound fertilizer (N,
180Kg/ hectares；P, 240Kg/ hectares；K, 300Kg/ hectares).Use line-spacing for the drilling of 15cm, depth of planting 1.5-
2.5cm, application rate is 2kg/ mus, after drilling that ground a kind of farm tools is smooth.
3. irrigation method
Plot is divided into the sub- plot of six pieces of 13m × 6m, carries out different irrigation operations (referring to table 1).It is each to irrigate operation
It is all made of the mode manually sprayed.Soil moisture content is measured using WET-2 soil moisture temperature conductivity tacheometer (Britain).
It irrigates depth and takes soil observation to measure by earth boring auger.
3.1 sowing stages irrigate operation
Before sowing: the irrigation in this stage is it is ensured that the soil moisture content of topsoil 20cm is up to 75% before sowing.
In sowing: this stage makes irrigation depth be maintained at 10cm.
After planting:
1) clover seedling stage starts light irrigation, keeps surface soil wet, 1 time a day, irrigates depth in 3cm.
2) start deep irrigation when clover plant height 10cm and control the irrigation method that water combines.Deep irrigation is subject to field without ponding.
Water is controlled, surface layer is made to form a degree of dry ground.With 1 week for the period.Specific processing refers to table 1 below, is provided with
Two control CK1 and CK2.In CK1 and CK2, light irrigation and deep irrigation are carried out always respectively, and without controlling water.
Table 1: experimental design
| Processing | Seedling stage (water irrigating depth cm) | When plant height 10cm | Control water |
| 1 | 3 | Deep irrigation is subject to field without ponding | --- |
| 2 | 3 | Deep irrigation is subject to field without ponding | Make surface layer dry ground 3cm |
| 3 | 3 | Deep irrigation is subject to field without ponding | Make surface layer dry ground 4cm |
| 4 | 3 | Deep irrigation is subject to field without ponding | Make surface layer dry ground 6cm |
| CK1 | Deep irrigation is subject to field without ponding | Deep irrigation is subject to field without ponding | --- |
| CK2 | 3 | 3 | --- |
Daily irrigation operation after 3.2
It is irrigated in sowing current year according to the leaf color of clover, irrigating depth every time is 10cm.It is every after planting
Year, periodically clover is irrigated.4 water are filled after period of seedling establishment fills 2 water of turning green, cradles every time every year, fill 5 times more before entering the winter
Winter water.
4. result
Influence of 2 different disposal of table to Alfalfa Output
As can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2, light irrigation is carried out in seedling stage, and is carried out deep irrigation in plant height 10cm and controlled the irrigation side of water
When formula, total hay yield that clover cradles three batches is 13.4-15.8t/hm2.Wherein the control water mode of surface layer dry ground 4cm makes yield
Highest is reached, this is respectively higher than two controls 71.7% and 125.7%.From such result it can be concluded that, in entire seedling stage
Only with the mode of light irrigation, although having saved water resource, but yield is caused to be remarkably decreased.And depth is all made of in entire seedling stage
The mode of filling wastes water resource, while but making yield only from 7t/hm2Increase to 9.2t/hm2(increasing 31%).However it adopts
With the first light irrigation of the application, then deep irrigation combines the irrigation method of control water, can not only efficiently use water resource, also yield be obtained
Significant raising is arrived.
Embodiment 2
1. experimental field overview
Experimental plot is located at pasture (the geography seat of the inner mongolia Alukeerqin Banner town Shao Gen Qiu Shi grass cultivation Co., Ltd
121 ° 00-120 ° 12 ' of east longitude are designated as, 43 ° 55 '-43 ° 21 ' of north latitude), height above sea level 430m, 350-450 millimeters of annual rainfall,
Average annual 6 DEG C of temperature, frost-free period 140 days or so.Soil property category sandy loam herein.This area belongs to temperate continental climate.
2. alfalfa cultivation
Clover (Medicago sativa L.WL525) seed is provided by hundred green China.It need to be after upper 1 year crop harvests
Then shallow winter breaking, weeding, soil moisture conservation are deep ploughed, tilling depth reaches 20cm, then harrows, presses, and keep its smooth.Apply fertilizer to the subsoil, i.e., compound fertilizer (N,
180Kg/ hectares；P, 240Kg/ hectares；K, 300Kg/ hectares).Use line-spacing for the drilling of 20cm, depth of planting 1.5-
2.5cm, application rate is 1.5kg/ mus, after drilling that ground a kind of farm tools is smooth.
3. irrigation method
Plot is divided into the sub- plot of six pieces of 13m × 6m, carries out different irrigation operations (referring to table 3).It is each to irrigate operation
It is all made of the mode manually sprayed.Soil moisture content is measured using WET-2 soil moisture temperature conductivity tacheometer (Britain).
It irrigates depth and takes soil observation to measure by earth boring auger.
3.1 sowing stage irrigates operation
Before sowing: the irrigation in this stage is it is ensured that the soil moisture content of topsoil 20cm is up to 80% before sowing.
In sowing: this stage makes irrigation depth be maintained at 22cm.
After planting:
1) clover seedling stage starts light irrigation, keeps surface soil wet, 1 time a day, irrigates depth in 6cm.
2) start deep irrigation when clover plant height 20cm and control the irrigation method that water combines.Deep irrigation is subject to field without ponding.
Water is controlled, surface layer is made to form a degree of dry ground.With 1 week for the period.Specific processing refers to table 3 below, is provided with
Two control CK1 and CK2.In CK1 and CK2, light irrigation and deep irrigation are carried out always respectively, and without controlling water.
Table 3: experimental design
| Processing | Seedling stage (water irrigating depth cm) | When plant height 20cm | Control water |
| 1 | 6 | Deep irrigation is subject to field without ponding | --- |
| 2 | 6 | Deep irrigation is subject to field without ponding | Make surface layer dry ground 3cm |
| 3 | 6 | Deep irrigation is subject to field without ponding | Make surface layer dry ground 4cm |
| 4 | 6 | Deep irrigation is subject to field without ponding | Make surface layer dry ground 6cm |
| CK1 | Deep irrigation is subject to field without ponding | Deep irrigation is subject to field without ponding | --- |
| CK2 | 6 | 6 | --- |
Daily irrigation operation after 3.2
It is irrigated in sowing current year according to the leaf color of clover, irrigating depth every time is 30cm.It is every after planting
Year, periodically clover is irrigated.4 water are filled after period of seedling establishment fills 2 water of turning green, cradles every time every year, fill 5 times more before entering the winter
Winter water.
4. result
Influence of 4 different disposal of table to Alfalfa Output
As can be seen from tables 3 and 4 that carrying out light irrigation in seedling stage, and deep irrigation is carried out in plant height 20cm and controls the irrigation side of water
When formula, total hay yield that clover cradles three batches is 13.5-15.1t/hm2.Wherein the control water mode of surface layer dry ground 4cm makes yield
Highest is reached, this is respectively higher than two controls 96% and 147.5%.From such result it can be concluded that, entire seedling stage only
By the way of light irrigation, although having saved water resource, but yield is caused to be remarkably decreased.And deep irrigation is all made of in entire seedling stage
Mode, waste water resource, while but making yield only from 6.1t/hm2Increase to 7.7t/hm2(increasing 26%).However it adopts
With the first light irrigation of the application, then deep irrigation combines the irrigation method of control water, can not only efficiently use water resource, also yield be obtained
Significant raising is arrived.
It, can be to each embodiment disclosed in the present application without departing from real thought disclosed in the present application and range
It is variously changed and is replaced with equivalent.Unless be otherwise noted in context, otherwise any spy of the embodiment of the disclosure
Sign, step or embodiment can be used with any other feature, step or combination of embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. the irrigation method of the alfalfa in a kind of pair of prone soil comprising following steps:
1) alfalfa cultivation: using line-spacing for 10-20cm, and depth of planting is the drilling of 1.5-2.5cm,
2) alfalfa irrigation:
Moisture creating institute water consumption is determined according to water consumpation situation before sowing,
Sowing stage makes irrigation depth be maintained at 10-22cm,
After planting:
A) clover seedling stage carries out light irrigation, and 1 time a day, irrigation depth is 3-6cm,
B) carry out deep irrigation when clover plant height 10-20cm and control the irrigation method that combines of water, with 1 week for the period, wherein deep irrigation with
Field without ponding subject to, and control water make surface layer formed 3-6cm dry ground,
It in the sowing stage subsequent for the year, is irrigated according to the color of alfalfa-leaves, irrigating depth every time is 10-30cm.
2. irrigation method according to claim 1, wherein being irrigated using artificial sprinkling irrigation or pointer Irrigation Machine.
3. irrigation method according to claim 1, wherein indicating that moisture is normal when alfalfa-leaves are in green, when blade face
Water shortage is indicated when discoloration depth, is irrigated in time, and irrigating depth every time is 15-20cm, and field wet soil layer is made to be maintained at 40-
80cm。
4. irrigation method according to claim 1, wherein each year after sowing, period of seedling establishment fill 2 water of turning green,
At least 4 water are filled after cradling every time, fill 5 overwintering water before entering the winter.
5. irrigation method according to claim 1, wherein the irrigation before sowing ensures that topsoil 20cm soil moisture content reaches
75%-80%.
6. irrigation method according to claim 1, wherein the irrigation depth of sowing stage is 15-20cm.
7. irrigation method according to claim 1, wherein the irrigation depth in clover seedling stage is 4-5cm.
8. irrigation method according to claim 1 combines wherein carrying out deep irrigation and control water in clover plant height 12-18cm
Irrigation method, and control water make surface layer formed about 4cm dry ground after carry out next irrigation again.
9. irrigation method according to claim 8 combines wherein carrying out deep irrigation and control water in clover plant height 14-16cm
Irrigation method.
10. irrigation method according to claim 9 combines wherein carrying out deep irrigation and control water in clover plant height about 15cm
Irrigation method.
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| CN106717911A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-31 | 陈真 | A kind of method for improving Along The Great Wall Wind-sandy Area sand ground alfalfa output |
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