CN109197460A - A kind of north potato area flat land fresh food sweet potato " four change an increasing " efficient cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of north potato area flat land fresh food sweet potato " four change an increasing " efficient cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of northern potato area flat lands to eat sweet potato " four change an increasing " efficient cultivation method raw, comprising the following steps: selection excellent variety；Select health seedling；Ridging pipe laying overlay film；Appropriateness is early to plant dense planting；Liquid manure Precision management；Appropriate Chemical Control；Machinery beats climing harvest；Morning optimum period contracture grade.Cultural method provided by the invention, according to the needs of scale home farm, use drip irrigation project means, fully consider the wheelspan of the mating dynamic power machine of mechanization towage, change single ridge single act large-ridge double-row, changing by natural precipitation is precisely to supply water, change that broadcast application is mixed to be applied as quantitative fertilizer, quantization control of correcting one's mistakes is greenization control by stages, increase sweet potato planting density, improve seedling stage survival rate and commodity potato rate, reduce the Climatic risk of sweet potato production, form the efficient cultivation method based on integrated fresh food sweet potato " four change an increasing " of trickle irrigation liquid manure for core, the production of fresh type sweet potato is promoted to enter mechanization, facility, engineering, the gently simplified stage.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture production technology classes, and in particular to a kind of north potato area flat land fresh food sweet potato " four change an increasing "
Efficient cultivation method.
Background technique
Sweet Potato For High. yield Production, stable yields, wide adaptability are the seventh-largest cereal crops in the world, in maintenance grain security and alleviate energy
Importance in terms of the crisis of source is increasingly prominent.China is that maximum sweet potato plants state and producing country in the world, and China is sweet within 2016
Planting potato area and total yield account for the 38.1% and 67.1% of the world respectively.
Northern potato area sweet potato cultivated area and yield respectively about national 25.8% and 30.7%.In recent years, by planting industry knot
Structure adjustment, agriculture supply side structural reform and attention environmental protection etc. influence, and fresh type sweet potato planting proportion rises rapidly,
Close to the 40% of north potato area sweet potato cultivated area.Fresh type sweet potato it is with the obvious advantage, be mainly manifested in: first is that fresh type sweet potato
On the marginal lands such as hilly and mountainous land, the Plain nonirrigated farmland mainly planted, ground is not striven with grain；Second is that fresh type sweet potato resistance is strong, no
The big loose water of happiness, field management save labor, and do not increase production cost.Third is that fresh type sweet potato can be from field directly for being put on sale
, it cuts down the number of intermediate links, reduces business risk；Fourth is that sweet potato health care effect is increasingly paid attention to, Dietary Pattern of Residents diversification pair
Sweet potato is in need, and sweet potato gradually walks to put on the dining table again.Planting benefit is very considerable, receives the welcome of numerous farmers.
The market demand has driven the production of fresh type sweet potato.Ridge culture is generally taken in sweet potato plantation.Ridge culture can be growth of sweet potato
Create a good water, fertilizer, gas, temperature edaphic condition, formation to root tuber and expand and have good effect, be sweet potato height
The important measures produced.It is influenced by traditional planting habit, northern potato area generally takes micro-ridge uniline, row spacing 70-80cm, ridge
High 20-25cm, spacing in the rows 15-20cm.Under conditions of single household's farming, the plantation of sweet potato list ridge is always main ridge culture mode.
But the shortcomings that single ridge plantation is that ridge body cracky, the ridging low efficiency of large-scale planting, ridge spacing width cause land resource and light
Thermal resource waste.
The links such as ridging, transplanting, the harvest of northern China sweet potato production at present are still mainly by being accomplished manually, and mu expense is about
800-1000 member, it is even higher.In current rural laborer's critical shortage, the amount of labour used is more, large labor intensity, is produced into
This height seriously constrains the sweet potato planting enthusiasm of peasant.And the mechanization for carrying out the main production link of sweet potato is that sweet potato gently simplifies
The key of cultivation, sweet potato ridging overlay film, transplanting, climber cutting, the mechanization degree of harvest link are still very low, and comprehensive mechanical is received in cultivation
Changing horizontal is only 26%, well below other staple food crops.
Moreover, but with gradually complete, the crop field of the progress of production technology, the reduction of equipment cost and on-farm facilities
The facility of crop, engineering production have begun and are widely applied.As potato trickle irrigation and the Integration of Water into Fertilizer
It is widely used, but using still less on sweet potato.Currently, there are many irrigating facility in the market, water source filter, interior edge patch type drop
Filling irrigation equipments technology maturation, the costs such as band, pressure type compensation water dropper, laminated filter, flow straightener, fertilizer applicator reduces, water
The alternative fertilizer type of molten fertilizer, special fertilizer for sweet potato, slow-release fertilizer etc. is more, fertilizer efficiency is high, this is the precision pipe of sweet potato water, fertilizer
The material equipment basis provided is provided.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of northern potato area flat land fresh food sweet potato " four change an increasing " efficiently cultivation
Culture method.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of north potato area flat land fresh food sweet potato " four change an increasing " efficient cultivation method, comprising the following steps:
(1) excellent variety is selected；Preferably, the excellent variety is Ji potato 26, cigarette potato 25, wide potato 87, general potato 32, Soviet Union's potato 8
Number, imperial potato 9.
(2) select health seedling: the healthy plant for selecting disease-free spot, worm to bite, blade is big and fertile, and top-three leaves flush, leaf color
It is dark green；Internode at least retains 3 sections on 5-8cm, potato stem, saves without aerial root；Potato seedling growth height be 30cm, hundred plant weight 500g with
On, potato seedling growth is cut from the place from seedbed 5cm height using when high cutting seedlings technology, i.e. cutting seedlings；
(3) commercial organic fertilizer 3-5m ridging pipe laying overlay film: is spread fertilizer over the fields before ridging3/ mu, using rotary cultivator rotary tillage soil-working, mechanical ridging
Pipe laying overlay film firming；Preferably, the specification of ridging is ridge bottom width 100cm, the high 30cm in ridge, ridge top width 60cm, row spacing 30cm.
(4) optimum period early plants dense planting: spring potato 10cm ground temperature in ridge is stablized at 15 DEG C, early plants under mulching plastic film condition, the summer
Potato is not later than the Summer Solstice, and using oblique hydroponics or hull bottom type hydroponics, surface planting, ground exposes 3-4 piece and leaf is unfolded, using double line width ridge
Mode, potato seedling growth intersect plantation, line-spacing 25cm on every ridge, spacing in the rows 20cm, and density is 3300-3600 plants/acre；
(5) liquid manure Precision management: the fertilising Water soluble fertilizer/special fertilizer for sweet potato high using potassium content, amount of application 30-40kg/
666.7m2, wherein 60% applies with ridging base, remaining 40% imposes in two times with watering；Same day watering after cultivation, every hole water outlet
1.5L；40-50 days after cultivation, root tuber starts to expand, and applies field, irrigation amount control with watering after 30% fertilizer is first dissolved with water
System is in every hole 1.0L；90 days after cultivation, field is applied with watering after 10% fertilizer is first dissolved with water, irrigation amount controls in every hole
0.6L；
(6) appropriate Chemical Control: appropriateness control for the first time is prosperous, and in climing long 35-45cm, second of emphasis control is prosperous 65-70 days after cultivation,
Third time and time control are prosperous 85-90 days after cultivation, and chemistry control is prosperous to be all made of Prohexadione calcium, and it is mixed to be watered 15kg by a.i.2.0g/L per acre
It closes uniformly, is sprayed on Sweet Potato Leaf, at 4 points in afternoon uniformly sprays on blade face, sprays in the same amount again after 7 days second；
Past sweet potatoization control is mostly used paclobutrazol and uniconazole P, and dosage is that conventional amount used uses (15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 100g
Or 5% uniconazole P wettable powder 50g is watered 15kg) three times, cause soil pollution, influence second stubble crop normal growth,
It is unfavorable for ecological, environmental protective.Prohexadione calcium is a kind of new plant growth regulator for inhibiting gibberellin synthesis, can be by rabbit suede
Microbial degradation is carbon dioxide, to crop rotation plant non-residual toxicity, no pollution to the environment.
(7) mechanical to beat climing harvest: to be cut using sweet potato seedling vine crushing and returning to field machine progress field climing, cropper is harvested；
(8) in due course early contracture grade: optimum period, is early received, and is concentrated and is harvested in late September or early October continuous bright day gas, according to potato
Block 500g or more, 300-500g, 100-300g and 100g following four grade carry out preliminary classification and pick up, classification vanning, with full
The foot difference market demand.
Preferably, in step (3), the mulch that overlay film uses for the chequered with black and white mulch of 0.008mm*130cm customization,
Two sides black film each width 50cm, the intermediate wide 30cm of tunica albuginea；The interior edge patch type drip irrigation tape that pipe laying uses, patch water outlet spacing
20cm, every hole are discharged 0.6-1.5L, one irrigation side of every 100 mu of settings per hour, and drip irrigation zone is laid out using " non-" font.
Preferably, in step (4), with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid leaching seedling base portion 10min prevention and treatments before planting
Black spot prevents and treats haulm characters with 30% Phoxim microcapsule agent leaching seedling base portion 20min, and 30% chlopyrifos granule 1kg/ is applied in cave
666.7m2Or 70% imidacloprid pulvis 0.1kg/666.7m2Control of grubs, wireworm underground pest and disease damage.
Preferably, Water soluble fertilizer/special fertilizer for sweet potato described in step (5) is N P and K humic acid ternary compound fertilizer, nitrogen phosphorus
The mass ratio of potassium is 15:9:21.
It is the spray of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate with mass fraction if it is necessary, further including foliage top dressing in step (5)
It applies, sprays 50kg per acre, even spray 2-3 time primary every spray in 7 days.
Preferably, the sweet potato seedling vine crushing and returning to field machine is 4JHSM-900 type duplicate rows seedling vine crushing and returning to field machine, described
Cropper is 4U-110 type picker for tuber crops, and traction power uses 60 type tractors.
The present invention provides a kind of northern potato area flat lands to eat sweet potato " four change an increasing " efficient cultivation method raw, can be improved
The efficient cultivation method that northern potato area flat land eats sweet potato commodity raw, reduces production cost.The present invention, according to scale family
The needs on farm fully consider the wheelspan of the mating dynamic power machine of mechanization towage using drip irrigation project means, and it is single to change single ridge
Behavior large-ridge double-row, changing by natural precipitation is precisely to supply water, and changes that broadcast application is mixed to be applied as quantitative fertilizer, correct one's mistakes quantization control for point
Phase greenization control increases sweet potato planting density, improves seedling stage survival rate and commodity potato rate, reduces the Climatic risk of sweet potato production,
Foring based on integrated fresh food sweet potato " four change an increasing " of trickle irrigation liquid manure is the efficient cultivation method of core, promotes fresh type sweet
Potato production enters mechanization, facility, engineering, the stage gently simplified.
Beneficial effect
(1) by selecting, the ridging pipe laying overlay film of health seedling cooperative mechanical, appropriateness early plants dense planting to the present invention, liquid manure is precisely managed
Reason, appropriate Chemical Control, machinery beat climing harvest, morning optimum period contracture grade, so that the survival rate and commodity potato rate of potato seedling growth are realized, and
And the weight of flat land fresh food sweet potato is significantly improved, 300-500g potato wedge weight accounting and 100-300g potato wedge weight accounting are aobvious
It writes and improves, to improve the yield of sweet potato；Using double line width ridge mode, soil space is made full use of, is significantly improved
The yield of sweet potato；Liquid manure Precision management and accurate Chemical Control carry out field control to fresh food sweet potato in the accurately time, also have
The yield for improving sweet potato of effect；
(2) degree of integration of technology improves, and the fusion of existing Cultural practice also has the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy, more has engineering to arrange
The mating of cultivation step is granted, the level of comprehensive promotion cultivation technique improves working efficiency, reduces production cost；
(3) technology standardization level improve, with traditional cultivation experience guidance compared with, this technology by quantitative data index into
One step specifies technical detail and parameter, lays a good foundation for the standardization sizing and popularization of planting technology.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 sweet potato ridging specification schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 large-ridge double-row trickle irrigation cropping pattern figure.
Specific embodiment
It elaborates below to the embodiment of the present invention, the present embodiment carries out under the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention
Implement, the detailed implementation method and specific operation process are given, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following implementation
Example.
Embodiment 1
Northern potato area flat land eats sweet potato " four change an increasing " efficient cultivation method raw,
1. selecting excellent variety.Northern potato area flat land sweet potato is starting point around plantation high efficiency, production high benefit, with " section
Sheet, increases income at upgrading " it is target, select the fresh type sweet potato breeding that is widely recognized as of market such as Ji potato 26, cigarette potato 25, wide potato 87, general
Potato 32, Soviet Union's potato 8, imperial potato 9 etc..
Select health seedling.The healthy plant for selecting disease-free spot, worm to bite, blade is big and fertile, and top-three leaves flush, and leaf color is dense
It is green；Internode at least retains 3 sections on 5-8cm or so, potato stem, saves without aerial root；Potato seedling growth height is 30cm or so, hundred plant weights
500g or more.Potato seedling growth is cut from the place from seedbed 5cm height using when high cutting seedlings technology, i.e. cutting seedlings.
Ridging pipe laying overlay film.Organic fertilizer 3-5m is spread fertilizer over the fields before ridging3/ mu, 60% base of N P and K ternary compound fertilizer total amount
It applies, using rotary cultivator rotary tillage soil-working.The ridging pipe laying overlay film firming one produced when ridging using Dezhou Leling heavenly steed machinery plant
Machine, using 60 type tractor-drawn of Feitian, the type tractor rear wheel wide 30cm, wheelspan 1600cm, ridge bottom width 100cm, ridge is high
30cm, ridge top width 60cm.Using 4 writing brush diameter 4.5kw power immersible pump of Shanghai general's enlightening, pump up water about 60m per hour3, the drop of laying
Fill the interior edge patch type drip irrigation tape that pipe uses the production of Laiwu Cheng Yuan water-saving irrigation device Co., Ltd, patch water outlet spacing
20cm, every hole are discharged about 1.38L, one irrigation side of every 100 mu of settings per hour, and drip irrigation zone is laid out using " non-" font, and 8 hours
Completion can be irrigated.Mulch use by 0.008mm*130cm customization chequered with black and white mulch, each width 50cm of two sides black film,
The intermediate wide 30cm of tunica albuginea.Work capacity is 8-10 mus to the equipment per hour.Shown in the ridging specification Fig. 1 of field.
Appropriateness is early to plant dense planting.Spring potato 10cm ground temperature generally in ridge is stablized at 15 DEG C, strives under mulching plastic film condition
Early plant.Summer potato is limited by crops for rotation, transplants in principle the sooner the better, should not be later than the Summer Solstice.Northern potato area fresh type sweet potato is general
Using oblique hydroponics or hull bottom type hydroponics, under the premise of guaranteeing to survive, surface planting as far as possible, to promote early root of hair, early expand, ground is showed
3-4 piece expansion leaf is advisable out.Because precisely being supplied water using mulch Meteorological effect, trickle irrigation, planting density can be compared with conventional cultivation
10%-20% is improved, suitable cultivation density can be improved to 3300-3600 plants per acre.With 50% carbendazol wettable powder before planting
1000 times of liquid leaching seedling base portion 10min prevent and treat black spot, prevent and treat haulm characters with 30% Phoxim microcapsule agent leaching seedling base portion 20min,
Apply 30% chlopyrifos granule 1kg/666.7m in cave2Or 70% imidacloprid pulvis 0.1kg/666.7m2Grub, acupuncture needle can be effectively prevented
The sweet potatoes such as worm underground pest and disease damage.
On planting type, using double line width ridge mode, potato seedling growth intersects plantation, line-spacing 25cm on every ridge, spacing in the rows
20cm.Using shown in large-ridge double-row trickle irrigation cropping pattern Fig. 2.
Liquid manure Precision management.Sweet potato is happiness potassium crop, and the high Water soluble fertilizer of potassium content can be used in fertilising or sweet potato is dedicated
Fertilizer, as Fei Ye Co., Ltd of Shandong agricultural university produce N P and K humic acid ternary compound fertilizer, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio 15:9:21, more
Meet sweet potato to the selective absorbing psychological need of fertilizer.The special fertilizer for sweet potato produced using Fei Ye Co., Ltd of Shandong agricultural university
30-40kg/666.7m2, wherein 60% applies with ridging base, remaining 40% imposes in two times with watering.
It waters after cultivation, can be watered using the job facilities such as water pump, the drip irrigation zone same day immediately, it is ensured that every hole water outlet has 1.5L
Left and right.40-50 days after cultivation, root tuber starts to expand, and applies field, irrigation amount with watering after can first dissolving 30% fertilizer with water
Control is in every hole 1.0L or so.90 days after cultivation, field, irrigation amount control are applied with watering after can first dissolving 10% fertilizer with water
System is in every hole 0.6L or so.
Foliage top dressing is used if necessary, is that 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate sprays with mass fraction, is sprayed 50kg per acre, often
It is primary every spray in 7 days, even spray 2-3 times.
Appropriate Chemical Control.It is within 40-100 days after cultivation the field mid-term stage of sweet potato, positive value rainy season in this stage, temperature is high,
Rainfall is big, flat land fertility is high, and cauline leaf growth is vigorous, is easy excessive growth, it should be noted that Chemical Control.First secondary control is prosperous in climing length
35-45cm or so, climing have begun of potato drop down from ridge, are commonly called as " leading along by hand like non-hand in hand on two ridges ", are the branch of sweet potato at this time
It ties the potato phase, ground upper branch, underground potato piece is formed, at this moment moderately to be controlled prosperous.Second secondary control is prosperous 65-70 days or so generally after cultivation,
High temperature and humidity at this time.It is that sweet potato leaves and stems grow most fast season, it is climing long-term altogether in potato, but potato wedge is expanded relatively slowly, to be weighed at this time
Point control is prosperous.Third secondary control is prosperous 85-90 days or so generally after cultivation, and sweet potato leaves and stems growth at this time reaches peak value, for sweet potato second
The arrival of secondary expanding stage is ready, and wants at this time and time control is prosperous.
Chemistry control is prosperous to be all made of Prohexadione calcium, and a.i.2.0g/L is watered 15kg and is uniformly mixed per acre, is sprayed on Sweet Potato Leaf
On piece, 4 points or so of afternoon uniformly spray on blade face, prevent seedling vine excessive growth, spray in the same amount again after 7 days second.
Machinery beats climing harvest.It is crushed also using the 4JHSM-900 type duplicate rows seedling vine of national Sweet Potato Industry technical system research and development
Field machine cut to sweet potato 4U-110 type picker for tuber crops that is climing, producing using Qingdao Pingdu Hong Zhu agricultural machinery Co., Ltd,
Traction power is 60 type tractor of Feitian.
Morning optimum period contracture grade.Fresh type sweet potato generally all has the characteristics that prematureness is good, commodity rate is high, for listing can ahead of time
Optimum period, is early received.Generally harvest can be concentrated in late September or early October continuous bright day gas.According to the practical experience of many years
It was found that can be carried out just according to potato wedge 500g or more, 300-500g, 100-300g and 100g following four grade when field harvests
Step classification is picked up, classification vanning, to meet the different market demands.
Application example:
2017, in Yueling City Donglou, 550 mu of fresh type sweet potatoes were planted using this method by wheat planting Specialty Co-operative Organization, and 50 mu are adopted
It is planted with traditional single ridge, kind is Ji potato 26 and plants in cigarette potato 25, May 20, and October 7 harvested.As shown in table 1, table 2, with
The plantation of traditional list ridge, the planting patterns without drip irrigation facilities are compared, the 26 potato seedling growth survival rate of Ji potato of the method for the present invention, commodity potato rate
(no worm bites, scab, no quick-fried muscle, cracking, the root tuber number ratio of potato weight 100g or more), 300-500g root tuber weight accounting, 100-
300g root tuber weight accounting has been respectively increased 10.9,4.4,8.5,2.9 percentage points, and yield increases by 5.0%, and production cost reduces
120 yuan, this season increases income 736.2 yuan, and 1762.4 yuan are increased income after storage.
(no worm bites, scab, no quick-fried muscle, cracking, potato weight for the 25 potato seedling growth survival rate of cigarette potato of the method for the present invention, commodity potato rate
The root tuber number ratio of 100g or more), 300-500g root tuber weight accounting, 100-300g root tuber weight accounting be respectively increased 6.3,
6.2,13.7,1.1 percentage points, yield increases by 7.6%, and production cost reduces by 130 yuan, and this season increases income 768.1 yuan, increases after storage
Receive 1193.1 yuan.
The different cultivation techniques of table 1 are distributed to sweet potato survival rate, commodity potato rate, root tuber and the influence of fresh tuber yield
Influence of the different cultivation techniques of table 2 to sweet potato production cost and income
Note: for production cost containing recruitment, potato seedling growth, mulch, fertilizer, pesticide etc., recruitment is calculated as 1 by 8 hours/day according to each labour
A work, net income need to deduct 20% rotten cellar rate after storage.
Comparative test
In the Jinan Changqing District town Gui De, 3 mu are chosen within 2016, be randomly divided into 3rd area, 1 mu of every area, plantation Ji potato 26；
Implantation methods:
1 present invention method of group；
Group 2 does not use the modes of liquid manure Precision management of the present invention, and use is before plot soil ploughs ridging, plot Ji Shinong
Family's farmyard manure and organic commercial fertilizer, it is 2000kg/ mus that farmers''s farmyard manure, which applies standard, is spread fertilizer over the fields with arable land, organic commercial fertilizer application
Standard is to apply 5kg purity nitrogen, 5kgP2O5 and 10kgK 2O per acre, the suitable ridging direction row replacement before machinery in ridging, without
Top dressing, other same present invention methods；
Group 3 controls prosperous technology using chemistry, but only 50-65 days after potato seedling growth is planted, it is water-soluble with the Prohexadione calcium of 1.0ga.i./L
Liquid carries out blade spraying, and spray in every 5 days is primary, sprays 3 times altogether, other same present invention methods；
Planting density is 3300 plants/acre, and May 20 plants, and harvest time is October 7；
Implementation result is as shown in table 2.
3 comparative test yield of table
Obviously, those skilled in the art various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from spirit of the invention and
Range.In this way, if these modifications and changes of the present invention is within the scope of the claims of the present invention and its equivalent technology,
Then the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of north potato area flat land eats sweet potato " four change an increasing " efficient cultivation method raw, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
(1) excellent variety is selected；
(2) select health seedling: the healthy plant for selecting disease-free spot, worm to bite, blade is big and fertile, and top-three leaves flush, and leaf color is dark green；
Internode at least retains 3 sections on 5-8cm, potato stem, saves without aerial root；Potato seedling growth height is 30cm, and hundred plant weight 500g or more are adopted
Potato seedling growth is cut from the place from seedbed 5cm height with when high cutting seedlings technology, i.e. cutting seedlings；
(3) commodity organic fertilizer 3-5m ridging pipe laying overlay film: is spread fertilizer over the fields before ridging3/ mu, using rotary cultivator rotary tillage soil-working, mechanical ridging
Pipe laying overlay film firming；
(4) optimum period early plants dense planting: spring potato 10cm ground temperature in ridge is stablized at 15 DEG C, early plants under mulching plastic film condition, summer potato is not
It is later than the Summer Solstice, using oblique hydroponics or hull bottom type hydroponics, surface planting, ground exposes 3-4 piece and leaf is unfolded, using double line width ridge side
Formula, potato seedling growth intersect plantation, line-spacing 25cm on every ridge, spacing in the rows 20cm, and density is 3300-3600 plants/acre；
(5) liquid manure Precision management: the fertilising Water soluble fertilizer/special fertilizer for sweet potato high using potassium content, amount of application 30-40kg/
666.7m2, wherein 60% applies with ridging base, remaining 40% imposes in two times with watering；Same day watering after cultivation, every hole water outlet
1.5L；40-50 days after cultivation, root tuber starts to expand, and applies field, irrigation amount control with watering after 30% fertilizer is first dissolved with water
System is in every hole 1.0L；90 days after cultivation, field is applied with watering after 10% fertilizer is first dissolved with water, irrigation amount controls in every hole
0.6L；
(6) appropriate Chemical Control: appropriateness control for the first time is prosperous, and in climing long 35-45cm, second of emphasis control is prosperous 65-70 days after cultivation,
Third time and time control are prosperous 85-90 days after cultivation, and chemistry control is prosperous to be all made of Prohexadione calcium, and it is mixed to be watered 15kg by a.i.2.0g/L per acre
It closes uniformly, is sprayed on Sweet Potato Leaf, at 4 points in afternoon uniformly sprays on blade face, sprays in the same amount again after 7 days second；
(7) mechanical to beat climing harvest: to be cut using sweet potato seedling vine crushing and returning to field machine progress field climing, cropper is harvested；
(8) in due course early contracture grade: optimum period, is early received, and is concentrated and is harvested in late September or early October continuous bright day gas, according to potato
Block 500g or more, 300-500g, 100-300g and 100g following four grade carry out preliminary classification and pick up, classification vanning, with full
The foot difference market demand.
2. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), the excellent variety is Ji potato
26, cigarette potato 25, wide potato 87, general potato 32, Soviet Union's potato 8, imperial potato 9.
3. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), the specification of ridging is ridge bottom width
100cm, the high 30cm in ridge, ridge top width 60cm, row spacing 30cm.
4. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), mulch that overlay film uses for
The chequered with black and white mulch of 0.008mm*130cm customization, two sides black film each width 50cm, the intermediate wide 30cm of tunica albuginea；Pipe laying uses
Interior edge patch type drip irrigation tape, patch water outlet spacing 20cm, every hole is discharged 0.6-1.5L per hour, and every 100 mu are arranged one
Irrigation side, drip irrigation zone are laid out using " non-" font.
5. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that wettable with 50% carbendazim before planting in step (4)
Property pulvis 1000 times of liquid leaching seedling base portion 10min prevent and treat black spots, prevent and treat stem with 30% Phoxim microcapsule agent leaching seedling base portion 20min
30% chlopyrifos granule 1kg/666.7m is applied in nematodiasis, cave2Or 70% imidacloprid pulvis 0.1kg/666.7m2Control of grubs, acupuncture needle
Worm underground pest and disease damage.
6. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that Water soluble fertilizer/special fertilizer for sweet potato described in step (5)
For N P and K humic acid ternary compound fertilizer, the mass ratio of N P and K is 15:9:21.
7. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step further includes foliage top dressing in (5), with quality point
Number is that 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate sprays, and sprays 50kg per acre, primary every spray in 7 days, even spray 2-3 times.
8. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sweet potato seedling vine crushing and returning to field machine is 4JHSM-
900 type duplicate rows seedling vine crushing and returning to field machine, the cropper are 4U-110 type picker for tuber crops, and traction power is dilatory using 60 types
Machine.
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| CN110547165A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2019-12-10 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Fresh-eating sweet potato cultivation method based on water and fertilizer integration |
| CN111837851A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-10-30 | 阜阳市农业科学院 | Cultivation method of edible potato leaves in northern potato area |
| CN111919693A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-13 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Cultivation method for improving yield and marketability of fresh-eating sweet potatoes |
| CN113207597A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-08-06 | 山东省农业科学院 | Fresh-eating type sweet potato green planting method |
| CN114027125A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-11 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Sweet potato early standardized planting method based on early planting and harvesting |
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| CN111919693B (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2022-04-05 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Cultivation method for improving yield and marketability of fresh-eating sweet potatoes |
| CN113207597A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-08-06 | 山东省农业科学院 | Fresh-eating type sweet potato green planting method |
| CN114027125A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-11 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Sweet potato early standardized planting method based on early planting and harvesting |
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