CN106941919A - A kind of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods and the application in the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rape triple-cropping system of early rice - Google Patents
A kind of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods and the application in the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rape triple-cropping system of early rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN106941919A CN106941919A CN201710197170.7A CN201710197170A CN106941919A CN 106941919 A CN106941919 A CN 106941919A CN 201710197170 A CN201710197170 A CN 201710197170A CN 106941919 A CN106941919 A CN 106941919A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
A kind of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods and the application in the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rape triple-cropping system of early rice, the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods comprise the following steps：（1）From breeding, turn over, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, cave is dug in trench digging point railway carriage or compartment；（2）Seed manure is applied, sows, pours water；（3）Field management, harvest：Reseed or mend cultivation, water drenching；Final singling, tillage and weeding, rice straw mulching oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers railway carriage or compartment face；Before oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers buddings, topdress；After oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers buddings, moisture is managed；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Pollination is pollinated；Harvest.Oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods of the invention can be applied in the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rape triple-cropping system of early rice.The oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers yield of present invention oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods is high, and Crops Pests Control of Diseases Insects And Weeds Pests of Crops is light, and energy culture fertility improved soil, production capacity of protecting farmland, fertilizer amount is few, water saving, low cost, available for " rice oil oil " triple-cropping system plantation；Present invention application is reasonably combined by " rice oil oil " kind, improves the linking of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rape crops for rotation, realizes 1000 jin of grains of per mu yield, 400 jin of oily grain and oil bumper harvests.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods and its application, and in particular to a kind of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods and early rice-
Application in oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers-rape triple-cropping system.
Background technology
Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is a kind of important oil crops of China, with the drought-enduring, Xiao of Nai Pin, strong adaptability, breeding time be short, oil content
High the features such as.Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers oil is as a kind of health-care nutritive edible oil, and containing higher oleic acid and linoleic acid, linoleic acid therein is
The indispensable aliphatic acid of human body.Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers breeding time is short, is generally planted in northern area, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River is obtained quickly in recent years
Development.Middle and lower reach of Yangtze River frost-free period is long, and heat is sufficient, and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers can both have been sowed in spring or autumn sowing.The oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers master of the current middle and lower reach of Yangtze River
If sowing in spring, the flowering and grouting phase of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is in high temperature and rainy season, the pollination of hot and humid unfavorable oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, and high temperature is special
It is that day and night temperature is small, unfavorable oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers grouting easily causes oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers Empty grain rate height, yielded poorly.By Postpone sowing, by oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers in length
The sowing of river middle and lower reaches spring is changed to sow at the beginning of Xia Weiqiu, and the summer high temperature for effectively avoiding the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers flowering and grouting phase middle and lower reach of Yangtze River is more
Rain, beneficial to the Grain Filling of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, increases yield.
CN101743842A discloses a kind of implantation methods of double-season sunflower, is native in order to solve China's coastal saline-alkali area
The problem of ground utilization rate is relatively low, makes full use of heat resources and rainfall resource, improves the production of unit area saline alkali land resource soil
Rate and soil multiple crop index, increase farmers' income, a kind of double-season sunflower kind built by way of accumulated temperature suitable growth is interval
Plant method.But, this method focuses on the exploitation in salt-soda soil, though adding income, the production capacity protection for lacking arable land is arranged
Apply.
CN104285652A discloses a kind of cultural method of the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of interplanting of fritillaria, is after fritillaria is planted, in fritillaria field
The furrow ridge on the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of dibbling, fritillaria bulb non-refractory, the defect of arid being in hibernation can be effectively prevented, while reducing oil
The generation of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers disease, is a kind of symbiosis formed with the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of interplanting of fritillaria, with harvesting the dual of fritillaria and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers simultaneously
Benefit.But, it is that based on fritillaria, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is secondary, and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers yield is not high on cultivation management.
The method that CN105123256A discloses a kind of high carbon sequestration of beach saline land and the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of high-yield planting, is by selection
Breeding time is short, Salt And Alkali Tolerance sunflower cultivars, and total biology of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is improved with reference to suitable tillage system reform and field management measure
Amount and economic flow rate, with reference to effective straw-returning measure so as to increase crop-residue incorporation, reach fast lifting alkaline land soil
The target of carbon sequestration capacity.This method plants two season sunflowers for the purpose of curing salt-soda soil increase organic matter, but benefit is relatively low.
The fundamental realities of the country of China is to have a large population and a few land, and with the increase of residential land, the construction of road, and water conservancy is built,
The need for the expansion of urbanization and development the secondary industry and the tertiary industry are taken up an area, this people Back Up continue, make what people depended on for existence
Arable land quantity per capita is reduced year by year.Therefore, volume increase and synergy, the increment of agricultural product and upgrading, the soil in farmland are faced with now
The contradiction such as efficient production and sustainable use.How according to agricultural resource feature and social economic characteristics, adjustment, reform farming
System, to give full play to its regional advantages, sets up modern, efficient, ecotypic cropping system, as pendulum in face of us urgently
The problem of solution.
Develop multiple cropping implantation methods, be the effective measures that China makes full use of land resource, in not increase arable land
In the case of, it can raise the multiple-cropping index, so as to obtain more agricultural product, the social grain effective supply total amount of increase makes nature
Advantage is converted into the production advantage, is then converted into economic advantages, is to solve the few problem effective way in many fields of people.China is a food
With the country of oily wretched insufficiency, secondly per capita deficiency of China's water resource, spatial distribution is uneven, there is that utilization rate is low, pollution
Serious the problem of.
Middle and lower reach of Yangtze River double rice cropping system, mainly carry out in the sufficient low latitudes area of heat resources early rice+late rice+rape or
The implantation methods of early rice+late rice+green manure, this kind of non-irrigated triple-cropping system implantation methods of two water one can make full use of the heat resources of locality,
But, using this cropping pattern soil gleying and secondary gleyization certainly will be caused to aggravate for a long time, increase the face of middle-and-low-yielding fields
Product, influences the sustainable use of soil, ultimately results in productivity of cultivated land decline；In heat resources not enough sufficient middle latitude
The main implantation methods for carrying out early rice+late rice+winter slack or season semilate rice+green manure of band, this kind of implantation methods heat resources is not using
Fully.Simultaneously as often occurring summer drought, autumn drought or summer drought even autumn drought, late rice seasonality water in middle and lower reach of Yangtze River double rice cropping system
Resource is nervous, and water shortage easily causes the generation of the underproduction.Therefore, needing a kind of rational triple-cropping system planting patterns badly promotes crop balanced
Volume increase, adapts to Thermo-Photo sensitive, rainwater distribution and land resource, realizes multi-party benefit.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are that the drawbacks described above for overcoming prior art to exist is produced there is provided a kind of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers
Amount is high, and field disease pest and weed is light, can culture fertility improved soil, improvement soil physical chemistry structure, production capacity of protecting farmland, fertilizer amount
It is few, water saving, low cost, the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods available for early rice-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers-rape triple-cropping system.
Further technical problem to be solved of the invention is that there is provided one kind for the drawbacks described above that overcomes prior art to exist
Multiple crop index is high, and grain, oil and production, land utilization ratio are high, and fertilizer amount is few, pollution-free, saving water resource, and crop disease and insect is light,
It is simple and easy to apply, the application of the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods of low cost in early rice-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers-rape triple-cropping system.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is as follows：A kind of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods, including following step
Suddenly：
（1）From breeding, turn over, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, cave is dug in trench digging point railway carriage or compartment；
（2）Seed manure is applied, is sowed, horse race water is filled 1 time；
（3）Field management, harvest：
After oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers emerges, the place on the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling is reseeded or mended with native seedling taking and is planted, water drenching；
During oily 4~5 leaf phase of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, final singling, and tillage and weeding is carried out, after intertillage, i.e., with the cutted straw covering oil no more than 20cm length
Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers railway carriage or compartment face, but oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers seedling is not covered；
Before oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers buddings, 1 fertilizer is imposed；
After oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers buddings, water tariff collection ground moistening is managed；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is carried out in oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers growth period；
Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers Post flowering, puts honey bees pollination in a suitable place to breed or carries out 3~4 artificial pollinations；
In harvest in October, threshing is dried.
Preferably, step（1）In, the breeding is one kind or several in short major part 1023, the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of black short person or high oil 6
Kind.The breeding high yield, oil yield are high, adaptability is good, with strong environmental adaptability, high temperature resistant, drought-resistant, breeding time it is short,
The features such as high efficiency.
Preferably, step（1）In, for the seed without coating, prior to seeding, every 100 kg seeds are with 200~400
The fludioxonil of mL mass fractions 10% is watered 2kg seed dressings, or with the mass fraction 70% equivalent to seed weight 0.4~0.6%
The carbendazol wettable powder seed dressing of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or mass fraction 50%.Seed dressing can prevent sunflower downy mildew
Disease, sclerotiniose.
Preferably, step（1）In, the depth turned over is 0.18~0.20m.After turning over, with rotary cultivator rotary tillage 1 time；
When soil moisture content is high, base 1~2 day is first shone, when soil block cannot can not broken up viscously, then with rotary cultivator rotary tillage 1 time.
Preferably, step（1）In, the base fertilizer is specially：Mu applies the 1000~1500kg of farm manure and cake fertilizer 60 become thoroughly decomposed
~120kg.Base fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil after rotary tillage, then a point railway carriage or compartment of ditching.
Preferably, step（1）In, the wide 1.8~2.0m in railway carriage or compartment face, railway carriage or compartment 0.2~0.25m of furrow width, railway carriage or compartment ditch in the trench digging point railway carriage or compartment
Deep 0.18~0.20m, encloses ditch and waist 0.25~0.30m of furrow width, encloses 0.20~0.25m of ditch and waist ditch depth.Trench digging point railway carriage or compartment will reach
Drought can be filled, flood can be arranged, in favor of adjusting the effect of soil moisture.
Preferably, step（1）In, the seeding row spacing in the digging cave is（50~55）×（30~35）cm.
Preferably, step（2）In, the seed manure consumption is：Mu applies the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20 of nutrient content 40~50%
0.5~1.0kg of~25kg and borax（More preferably 0.6~0.8kg）.Fatbits is planted to impose in kind of plant hole.The compound potassium sulfate fertilizer
Middle N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio is 15:15:15.
Preferably, step（2）In, the density of the sowing is：Every mu is broadcast 3400~4400 caves（More preferably 3600~
4000 caves）, every mu of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers kind of 500~700g（More preferably 520~650g）.
Preferably, step（2）In, during sowing, seed is put into cave, seed is put into position away from the cm of chemical fertilizer 3~6, after broadcasting
Cover 2.0~3.5cm become thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure or fine earth.Seed will directly be contacted away from the cm of chemical fertilizer 3~6 to prevent chemical fertilizer with seed
Cause the rotten kind of fertilizer damage.Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of the present invention is preferable over sowing in 10 to 25 July；Per bunch planting 2, or 1, a cave and a cave 2
Grain is alternately sowed, when broadcasting 2 seeds, and 3~5cm is spaced between seed, can balled transplanting during to fill the gaps with seedlings.
Preferably, step（3）In, it is described to reseed or mend the time of cultivation with native seedling taking for late July to early August.
Preferably, step（3）In, the final seedling time is August early and middle ten dayses, and final singling is to stay 1 plant of seedling per cave.
Preferably, step（3）In, the depth of the intertillage is 5~8cm.
Preferably, step（3）In, the consumption of the cutted straw is 1 mu of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of 2.0~3.0 mu of field straw lid.
Preferably, step（3）In, before oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers buddings, every mu impose 40~50% 25~35kg of composite fertilizer（More preferably 26
~30kg）.It is highly preferred that the composite fertilizer is compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, wherein N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio is 15:15:15.Chase after
The time applied is late August to early September.
Preferably, step（3）In, it is described management water tariff collection ground moistening refer to maintain water capacity be 60~
80%.After buddingging, water requirement increase, management moisture is poured water in time with keeping soil to moisten substantially when arid, and the time poured water is 8
The last ten-days period to the late September moon.At the beginning of the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, Xia Weizhi autumns, rainfall annual change is larger, to meet oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers growth pair
The requirement of moisture, be poured water, it is ensured that seedlings are uniform and strong in case of fine without rain long by railway carriage or compartment ditch timely and appropriate discovery in time, but pour water preferably shallow, taboo
Only flood irrigation, and it is dry to want timely draining to fall；Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers seedling stage does not pour water typically, is restrained the growth of seedlings, and promotes to prick under root system, but runs into serious dry
When non-irrigated, it is necessary to which timely water drenching fills horse race water；In growth period, when running into heavy rain, timely ditch cleaning draining, is done harm to prevention against water-logging, it is existing
After flower bud, when running into arid, wilting after the sun sets in the afternoon, which occurs, in blade to be recovered, and carry out water drenching or furrow irrigation, it is desirable to light irrigation,
Forbid broad irrigation, timely draining falls dry after filling, and to oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers the middle and late growth stage, high humidity easily causes disease, therefore, run into
Rainy day, especially run into unbroken rainy weather, it should be noted that draining, reduce field humidity.
Preferably, step（3）In, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control refers to：In the pathogenetic plot of sclerotium, after oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is poured water or
When soil moisture is larger after rain, 350~450 times of liquid of the vinclozolin of mass fraction 50% are sprayed；Prevent and treat downy mildew and spray matter
300~500 times of liquid of the fosetyl aluminium wettable powder of fraction 40% are measured, sprayed 1 time, continuously sprays 2~3 times every 7~10 days；Preventing and treating
2000~3000 times of liquid of the Aphox wettable powder of aphid sprinkling mass fraction 50% or the menazon of mass fraction 70% can
800~1200 times of liquid spraying of WP；1800~2200 times of liquid of r of mass fraction 5% are sprayed, are prevented
Control sunflower moth.Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers main diseases and insect pests have sclerotiniose, stem rot, disk maize ear rot, sunflower moth etc., and carrying out rice straw mulching can control
Crop smothering processed, autumn season sunflower disease is lighter, but sunflower moth generation is heavier, it should be noted that carry out preventing and controlling buddingging to before blooming,
Symptomatic medicine is answered, preventing and treating, agricultural chemicals is prohibitted the use of in harvest time 15d in time.
Preferably, step（3）In, the honey bees pollination of putting in a suitable place to breed refers to that 8000~20000 honey are put on every 6~10 mu of ground in a suitable place to breed
Honeybee；The artificial pollination is that with one piece of towel, interior one piece of 8~12cm of diameter of pad hard paper makees circular powder puff, in full blossom
Phase, gently each floral disc is nuzzled up.
Preferably, step（3）In, when oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers ligulate flower comes off, pericarp becomes hard, and floral disc is in yellowish-brown, and the floral disc back side is in
It is light yellow, when yellow leaf is sagging, you can harvested.
The present invention further solves the technical scheme that its technical problem used：A kind of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods are in morning
Application in rice-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers-rape triple-cropping system.
Preferably, application of the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods of the present invention in early rice-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers-rape triple-cropping system is applied in subtropical zone
Mid low latitude region is implemented, and is particularly suitable for use in implementing in China In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River.
Preferably, using the collocation mode of mid-early maturity early rice, middle stand oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and precocious rape；Wherein, the rice varieties
For Hunan morning Xian 45, in praise one or more in early No. 17 or middle morning 39 etc.；The sunflower cultivars are short major part 1023, black short
One or more in people oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers or high oily No. 6 grades；The rape variety is rich oily 730 and/or Feng oil 679.It is highly preferred that adopting
With following three kinds of collocation modes：Hunan morning Xian 45+short major part 1023+ rich oily 730, in praise the early No. 17+black oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers+Feng oil of short person
679th, the high oil No. 6+rich oily 730 of middle early 39+.The breeding is precocity, high-quality, high-yield variety.
Preferably, after oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers harvesting, ditch or press by 30~40cm is no-tillage on the face of field railway carriage or compartment（30~35）cm×（30~
35）Cm specifications dig cave, apply seed manure, drilling or program request, and every mu, with 250~350g is planted, fills horse race water 1 time after broadcasting.
Preferably, when oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is without maturation, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers middle and lower part blade is removed, is ditched or is pressed by 30~40cm（30~35）cm
×（30~35）Cm specifications dig cave row interplant, apply seed manure, drilling or program request, and every mu, with 250~350g is planted, fills horse race water after broadcasting
1 time.Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers stalk is removed after oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers harvest, field irrigation canals and ditches are cleared up, with stain of preventing waterlogging, three ditches of holding are unimpeded, and bright water can be arranged, dark water energy
Filter.
Preferably, the seed manure consumption is：Mu applies the 30~40kg of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer and boron of nutrient content 40~50%
0.5~1.0kg of sand, point（Or bar）Impose on kind of a plant hole（Ditch）In.N in the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer:P2O5:K2O mass ratio is
15:15:15。
Preferably, the density of reserved seedlings of the rape is：The late September mu of sowing stays 17000~19000 plants of seedling, on October
The mu of ten days sowing stays 19000~21000 plants of seedling, and the mid or late October mu of sowing stays 21000~23000 plants of seedling.
First is ripe for early rice in present invention application；Second is ripe for oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers；3rd is ripe for rape.Early rice is in late March to April
The first tenday period of a month are sowed, and the first tenday period of a month in late April to May transplant, harvesting mid-July；Second stand oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is in after the first ripe harvesting, and site preparation is straight at once
Broadcast, October harvests；3rd stand oil dish is in sowing after the second ripe harvest, or row interplant, sowing time before the second ripe harvest
For late September to mid or late October, the first tenday period of a month in late April next year to May harvest.
The cultivation and rape field management of paddy rice can be performed by local high-yield culture technique in present invention application.
Early rice of the present invention-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers-rape triple-cropping system implantation methods are that one kind makes full use of subtropical zone mid low latitude region double
Season rice region warm light resource " rice oily a water two drought " implantation methods, the present invention makes to be available for crop utilization in annual scope
Effective accumulated temperature and bearing time are fully used, it is to avoid one batch of crop broadcasts preceding or scattered accumulated temperature and bearing time after receiving wave
Take, solve subtropical zone mid low latitude region and plant three batches of crop accumulated temperature deficiencies every year, plant rowen accumulated temperature and have more than needed, Land_use change
Rate is low, the problem of output is not high, fully achieves three crops per annual, adds the acreage under cultivation of three crops per annual.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
（1）Straw by covering oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers also field, is served retain water and nutrients by oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods of the invention, saving water resource, and
Crop ecological environment and field microclimate are improved, Crops Pests Control of Diseases Insects And Weeds Pests of Crops is alleviated；Oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods of the invention can foster and apply fertilizer ground
Power improved soil, improves soil physical chemistry structure, and production capacity of protecting farmland realizes that land used is combined with increasing soil fertility, and reduces fertilizer amount, into
This is low, with many social benefits and ecological benefits；Oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods of the invention are by adjusting the plant that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is planted
Away from, it is supporting with rear stubble rapeseed cultivation density, it is more beneficial for the linking of the crops for rotation in early rice-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers-rape triple-cropping system plantation, every mu
Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers can more than 300 jin of oil-producing；
（2）Oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods of the invention key of application in " rice oil oil " is three ripe Fruit variety and crops for rotation arrangements, by
Arrange accurate in crops for rotation, the variety matching between crop is appropriate, have a surplus China's In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River temperature light resource two is ripe, three is ripe
Under conditions of deficiency, reasonably combined early rice, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, rape different maturation period kind solve early rice-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers-rape triple-cropping system crops for rotation
It is connected nervous contradiction, it is ensured that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers normal mature, rape are begun sowing in good time, promotes early rice, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and the equilibrium of the season of rape three to increase
Production, is adapted to Thermo-Photo sensitive and the rainwater distribution of China In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, makes full use of Wen Guang, land resource, reduce peasant
Fertilizer pesticide cost expenditure has wide application value；
（3）Application of the oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods of the invention in " rice oil oil " triple-cropping system, can improve existing because using early rice+evening for a long time
Soil gleying or the situation of secondary gleyization aggravation, are realized caused by rice+rape or early rice+late rice+Green manuring pattern
Combine the use of land with the nurturing of land, it is ensured that the effect that the production potential of soil is not reduced；The present invention " rice oil oil " is that " drought of a water two " three is ripe
Rice field-upland field rotation processed, not only steady grain increasing oil, grain, oil and production, meets market-oriented grain and oil demand, and energy saving water resource, and improve field
Parabiosis environment and field microclimate, mitigate Crops Pests Control of Diseases Insects And Weeds Pests of Crops；
（4）The present invention " rice oil oil " triple-cropping system implantation methods have taken into full account that the alternation sum of Different Crop over time and space is taken
Match somebody with somebody, raise the multiple-cropping index, capture High Annual Yield efficiently, natural advantage is converted into the production advantage, be then converted into economic advantages,
" rice oil oil " three ripe grain and oil bumper harvests are realized, 1000 jin of grains of per mu yield, 400 jin of oily high benefits are the cause of shaking off poverty of this area peasant
Rich and economic development provides new farming technique method.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Paddy rice breeding Hunan morning Xian 45 used in the embodiment of the present invention, in praise early No. 17 and middle morning 39 is purchased from Hunan
Nong Fengzhong industry Co., Ltd；The short major part 1023 of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers breeding used in the embodiment of the present invention is purchased from Hebei richness, and to grind kind of industry limited
Company, the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of black short person is purchased from Gansu Wuwei Xi Liang vegetable seedlings Co., Ltd, and high oil 6 is purchased from De Shengfeng（Beijing）Seedling section
Skill center；It is limited that rape breeding rich oily 730 used in the embodiment of the present invention is purchased from the sub- magnificent cotton oil kind industry of the grand flat high-tech in Hunan
Company, Feng oil 679 is purchased from the Zhong Ye Co., Ltds of Hubei five or three；Fertilizer, agricultural chemicals used in the embodiment of the present invention are such as without special theory
It is bright, obtained by routine business approach.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment planting site is ChangSha, Hunan Province county Beishan Mountain town Rong Heqiao communities.
Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods：
（1）From breeding：The short major part 1023 of capsuled seed；
Turn over：Ploughed depth 0.18m, shines base 1 day, and soil block, which can be broken up, not to be glued, with rotary cultivator rotary tillage 1 time；
Apply fertilizer to the subsoil：Mu applies the farm manure 1000kg and cake fertilizer 100kg become thoroughly decomposed；Base fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil after rotary tillage；
Trench digging point railway carriage or compartment：The wide 2.0m in railway carriage or compartment face, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 0.25m, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 0.2m, enclose ditch and waist furrow width 0.3m, enclose ditch and waist ditch depth
0.25m；
Dig cave：Kind of a plant hole is dug by 50 × 35cm seeding row spacings；
（2）Apply seed manure：Plant fatbits to impose in kind of plant hole, mu applies the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer of nutrient content 45%（N:P2O5:K2O matter
Amount is than being 15:15:15）23kg and borax 0.70kg；
Sowing：July 15, every mu was broadcast 3800 caves, and every mu of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers kind of 624g during sowing, seed is put into cave, seed
Position is put into away from the cm of chemical fertilizer 4~6, every bunch planting kind 2 is spaced 3~5cm, 2~3cm fine earths are covered after broadcasting between seed；
Filled horse race water on July 16 1 time；
（3）Field management：
After oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers emerges, in the native seedling taking benefit cultivation of band on July 26, by native 1 plant of the seedling taking of the band for there are double strains, transplant to the place that is short of seedling, transplant
Water drenching afterwards；
During oily 4~5 leaf phase of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, in August final singling on the 5th, 1 plant of seedling is stayed per cave, and carries out tillage and weeding, the depth of intertillage for 5~
8cm, after intertillage, i.e., with the cutted straw covering oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers railway carriage or compartment face no more than 20cm length, but does not cover oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers seedling, the consumption of cutted straw is
1 mu of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of 2.8 mu of field straw lid；
Before oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers buddings, the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer for imposing 45% in every mu of August 22 days（N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio is 15:15:
15）28kg, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers seedling stage does not pour water；
After oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers buddings, poured water 1 time in September ditch on the 12nd, after filling timely draining fall it is dry, maintain water capacity be 70%；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is carried out in oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers growth period, the fosetyl aluminium wettable of mass fraction 40% is sprayed within 8th in September 1 day and September
400 times of liquid of pulvis, prevent and treat downy mildew；In September 6 days（Soil moisture is larger after rain）Spray the vinclozolin of mass fraction 50%
400 times of liquid, prevent and treat sclerotiniose；5% r, 2000 times of liquid are sprayed within 10th in September, sunflower moth is prevented and treated；
Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers Post flowering, in September 14 days, 10000~12000 honey bees pollinations were put on every 8 mu of ground in a suitable place to breed；
Harvested within 23rd October, threshing is dried.
Application of the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods in early rice-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers-rape triple-cropping system：
Using the collocation mode of mid-early maturity early rice, middle stand oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and precocious rape, early-paddy brown rice is Hunan morning Xian 45, sunflower cultivars
For short major part 1023, rape variety is rich oily 730.
First ripe early rice presses local high-yield culture technique and sowed March 30, and May 2 transplanted, harvesting on July 13, per mu yield
504.7kg；
Second stand oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is according to oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods described in the present embodiment, and live July 15, October 23 harvested, per mu yield
288.4kg, squeezes fuel-displaced 151.6kg；
The oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of 3rd stand oil dish interplanting, in row interplant before October 16 second ripe harvest, April 30 next year harvest, per mu yield
141.1kg, squeezes fuel-displaced 50.3kg；
The specific interplanting method of rape is as follows：
When oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is without maturation, October 16, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers middle and lower part blade is removed, digging cave by 35cm × 35cm specifications in the ranks covers
Kind, apply seed manure, rape program request, every mu, with kind of a 250g, fills horse race water 1 time after broadcasting, mu stays 22000 plants of seedling；The seed manure consumption is：
Mu applies the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer of nutrient content 45%（N:K2O:P2O5Mass ratio be 15:15:15）30kg and borax 0.5kg, point
Impose in kind of plant hole；
Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers stalk is removed after oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers harvest, field irrigation canals and ditches are cleared up, with stain of preventing waterlogging, three ditches of holding are unimpeded, and bright water can be arranged, dark water energy
Filter；
Rape field management is pressed local high-yield culture technique and carried out, harvesting on April 30 next year.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment planting site is Hunan Province Dao County Xiang Linpu towns Xiang Linpu villages.
（1）From breeding：The uncoated oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of the black short person of seed, with the mass fraction 70% equivalent to seed weight 0.5%
Thiophanate-methyl wettable powder is dressed seed；
Turn over：Ploughed depth 0.20m, with rotary cultivator rotary tillage 1 time；
Apply fertilizer to the subsoil：Mu applies the farm manure 1500kg and cake fertilizer 70kg become thoroughly decomposed；Base fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil after rotary tillage；
Trench digging point railway carriage or compartment：The wide 1.8m in railway carriage or compartment face, railway carriage or compartment furrow width 0.2m, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth 0.18m, enclose ditch and waist furrow width 0.25m, enclose ditch and waist ditch depth
0.2m；
Dig cave：Kind of a plant hole is dug by 55 × 33cm seeding row spacings；
（2）Apply seed manure：Plant fatbits to impose in kind of plant hole, mu applies the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer of nutrient content 45%（N:P2O5:K2O matter
Amount is than being 15:15:15）24kg and borax 0.60kg；
Sowing：July 12, every mu was broadcast 3600 caves, and every mu of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers kind of 536g during sowing, seed is put into cave, seed
Position is put into away from the cm of chemical fertilizer 3~4, per bunch planting kind 2,3~5cm is spaced between seed, 2~3cm is covered after broadcasting and is become thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure；
Filled horse race water on July 13 1 time；
（3）Field management：
After oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers emerges, in the native seedling taking benefit cultivation of band on July 23, by native 1 plant of the seedling taking of the band for there are double strains, transplant to the place that is short of seedling, transplant
Water drenching afterwards；
During oily 4~5 leaf phase of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, in August final singling on the 1st, 1 plant is stayed per cave, and carries out tillage and weeding, the depth of intertillage is 5~8cm,
After intertillage, i.e., with the cutted straw covering oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers railway carriage or compartment face no more than 20cm length, but oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers seedling is not covered, the consumption of cutted straw is 1 mu
The oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of 2.5 mu of field straw lid；
Before oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers buddings, the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer for imposing 45% in every mu of August 15 days（N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio is 15:15:
15）27kg, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers seedling stage does not pour water；
After oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers buddings, poured water 1 time in August ditch on the 28th, after filling timely draining fall it is dry, maintain water capacity be 65%；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is carried out in oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers growth period, it is wettable to spray within 20th the fosetyl aluminium of mass fraction 40% in August 12 days and August
500 times of liquid of property pulvis, prevent and treat downy mildew；In August 22 days（Soil moisture is larger after rain）Spray the ethene sclerotium of mass fraction 50%
400 times of liquid of profit, prevent and treat sclerotiniose；5% r, 2000 times of liquid are sprayed within 28th in August, sunflower moth is prevented and treated；
Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers Post flowering, an artificial supplementary pollination is respectively carried out in 10,15,19 in September, interior specifically with one piece of towel
One piece of diameter 10cm of pad hard paper, makees circular powder puff, and in full-bloom stage, gently each floral disc nuzzles up；
It can be harvested within 18th October, threshing is dried.
Application of the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods in early rice-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers-rape triple-cropping system：
Using the collocation mode of mid-early maturity early rice, middle stand oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and precocious rape, early-paddy brown rice praises early No. 17, sunflower cultivars in being
For the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of black short person, rape variety is Feng oil 679.
First ripe early rice presses local high-yield culture technique and sowed March 26, and April 26 transplanted, harvesting on July 10, mu
Produce 517.3kg；
Second stand oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is according to oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods described in the present embodiment, and live July 12, October 18 harvested, per mu yield
307.6kg, squeezes fuel-displaced 157.6kg；
3rd stand oil dish is harvested, per mu yield 152.4kg is squeezed out April 24 next year in the sowing on October 20 after the second ripe harvest
Oily 52.5kg.
The specific implantation methods of rape are as follows：
After the harvesting of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, October 20, the no-tillage trench diggings of 33cm are pressed on the face of field railway carriage or compartment, seed manure is applied, rape drilling, every mu with kind
300g, fills horse race water 1 time after broadcasting, mu stays 23000 plants of seedling；The seed manure consumption is：The potassium sulfate that mu applies nutrient content 45% is combined
Fertilizer（N:K2O:P2O5Mass ratio be 15:15:15）34kg and borax 0.6kg, bar is imposed in plantation ditch；
Rape field management is pressed local high-yield culture technique and carried out, harvesting on April 24 next year.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）From breeding, turn over, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, cave is dug in trench digging point railway carriage or compartment；
（2）Seed manure is applied, is sowed, horse race water is filled 1 time；
（3）Field management, harvest：
After oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers emerges, the place on the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling is reseeded or mended with native seedling taking and is planted, water drenching；
During oily 4~5 leaf phase of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, final singling, and tillage and weeding is carried out, after intertillage, i.e., with the cutted straw covering oil no more than 20cm length
Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers railway carriage or compartment face, but oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers seedling is not covered；
Before oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers buddings, 1 fertilizer is imposed；
After oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers buddings, water tariff collection ground moistening is managed；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is carried out in oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers growth period；
Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers Post flowering, puts honey bees pollination in a suitable place to breed or carries out 3~4 artificial pollinations；
In harvest in October, threshing is dried.
2. oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（1）In, for the seed without coating,
Prior to seeding, every 100 kg seeds be watered with the fludioxonil of 200~400 mL mass fractions 10% 2kg seed dressing, or with equivalent to
The thiophanate-methyl wettable powder of the mass fraction 70% of seed weight 0.4~0.6% or the carbendazim of mass fraction 50% are wettable
Property pulvis seed dressing；The depth turned over is 0.18~0.20m；The base fertilizer is specially：Mu apply the farm manure 1000 that becomes thoroughly decomposed~
60~120kg of 1500kg and cake fertilizer；Wide 1.8~the 2.0m in railway carriage or compartment face, railway carriage or compartment 0.2~0.25m of furrow width, railway carriage or compartment ditch depth in the trench digging point railway carriage or compartment
0.18~0.20m, encloses ditch and waist 0.25~0.30m of furrow width, encloses 0.20~0.25m of ditch and waist ditch depth；The seeding row spacing in the digging cave
For（50~55）×（30~35）cm.
3. oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step（2）In, the seed manure consumption is：Mu
Apply 0.5~1.0kg of 20~25kg of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer and borax of nutrient content 40~50%；The density of the sowing is：Often
Mu broadcasts 3400~4400 caves, every mu of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers kind of 500~700g；During sowing, seed is put into cave, seed be put into position away from
The cm of chemical fertilizer 3~6, covers 2.0~3.5cm become thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure or fine earth after broadcasting.
4. according to one of claims 1 to 3 oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods, it is characterised in that：Step（3）In, the depth of the intertillage
Spend for 5~8cm；The consumption of the cutted straw is 1 mu of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of 2.0~3.0 mu of field straw lid；Before oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers buddings, every mu imposes 40
~50% 25~35kg of composite fertilizer；The management water tariff collection ground moistening refers to that it is 60~80% to maintain water capacity.
5. according to one of Claims 1 to 4 oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods, it is characterised in that：Step（3）In, the pest and disease damage is prevented
Control and refer to：In the pathogenetic plot of sclerotium, when soil moisture is larger after oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is poured water or after rain, sprinkling mass fraction 50%
350~450 times of liquid of vinclozolin；Prevent and treat downy mildew spray mass fraction 40% fosetyl aluminium wettable powder 300~
500 times of liquid, sprayed 1 time every 7~10 days, continuously spray 2~3 times；The Aphox wettable powder of the anti-sprinkling mass fraction 50% that eliminates aphis
800~1200 times of liquid spraying of 2000~3000 times of liquid of agent or the menazon wettable powder of mass fraction 70%；Spray quality
1800~2200 times of liquid of r of fraction 5%, prevent and treat sunflower moth.
6. according to one of Claims 1 to 5 oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods, it is characterised in that：Step（3）In, it is described to put honeybee in a suitable place to breed
Pollination refers to that 8000~20000 honeybees are put on every 6~10 mu of ground in a suitable place to breed；The artificial pollination is that with one piece of towel, interior one piece of pad is straight
8~12cm of footpath hard paper, makees circular powder puff, and in full-bloom stage, gently each floral disc nuzzles up.
7. a kind of application of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods oily as described in one of claim 1~6 in early rice-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers-rape triple-cropping system.
8. apply according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Using taking for mid-early maturity early rice, middle stand oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and precocious rape
With mode；Wherein, the rice varieties be Hunan morning Xian 45, in praise morning No. 17 or middle morning 39 in one or more；The oil
Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers kind is the one or more in short major part 1023, the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of black short person or high oil 6；The rape variety be rich oily 730 and/
Or Feng oil 679.
9. applied according to claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that：After oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers harvesting, exempt from the face of field railway carriage or compartment by 30~40cm
Plough trench digging or press（30~35）cm×（30~35）Cm specifications dig cave, apply seed manure, drilling or program request, every mu with planting 250~350g,
Horse race water is filled after broadcasting 1 time；When oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is without maturation, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers middle and lower part blade is removed, is ditched or is pressed by 30~40cm（30~35）
cm×（30~35）Cm specifications dig cave row interplant, apply seed manure, drilling or program request, and every mu, with 250~350g is planted, fills horse race after broadcasting
Water 1 time；The seed manure consumption is：Mu apply nutrient content 40~50% 30~40kg of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer and borax 0.5~
1.0kg。
10. according to the application of one of claim 7~9, it is characterised in that：The density of reserved seedlings of the rape is：Late September is broadcast
The mu planted stays 17000~19000 plants of seedling, and the mu of early October sowing stays 19000~21000 plants of seedling, mid or late October sowing
Mu stays 21000~23000 plants of seedling.
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| CN107567747A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-01-12 | 山东棉花研究中心 | A kind of method of cotton, sorghum and green manure crop miscegenation improvement salt-soda soil |
| CN107624562A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-01-26 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | The method for carrying out oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers multiple cropping corn by improveing salt-soda soil |
| CN109006322A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-12-18 | 湖南省蔬菜研究所 | One seed lotus, rape interplanting method |
| CN110419400A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-08 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | One season of one kind the suety dish of ecological green, a season millet rain support water-saving planting method |
| CN111616007A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-09-04 | 湖南农业大学 | Rice cultivation method based on rice oil triple cropping |
| CN114158437A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-11 | 大连工业大学 | Efficient cultivation method of cabbage type double-low rape and application of efficient cultivation method in saline-alkali soil |
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| CN110419400A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-08 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | One season of one kind the suety dish of ecological green, a season millet rain support water-saving planting method |
| CN111616007A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-09-04 | 湖南农业大学 | Rice cultivation method based on rice oil triple cropping |
| CN114158437A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-11 | 大连工业大学 | Efficient cultivation method of cabbage type double-low rape and application of efficient cultivation method in saline-alkali soil |
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Application publication date: 20170714 |