CN109463273B - Efficient breeding method for super-early-maturing disease-resistant cotton - Google Patents
Efficient breeding method for super-early-maturing disease-resistant cotton Download PDFInfo
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 241000082085 Verticillium <Phyllachorales> Species 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 56
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- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 claims 22
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- 244000299507 Gossypium hirsutum Species 0.000 description 119
- UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(C)=O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=CC(=O)C2=C1O UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 241000223218 Fusarium Species 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000009429 Gossypium barbadense Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 206010036590 Premature baby Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000018322 upland cotton Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009399 inbreeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cotton breeding, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency breeding method of super-early-maturing disease-resistant cotton. Screening to obtain backbone parents for the cotton breeding with the ultra-early maturity and disease resistance, obtaining hybrid bolls and obtaining a new strain of the cotton with the ultra-early maturity, disease resistance and high yield and high quality. In the breeding method, the male and female parents are planted in an artificial withered and verticillium wilt mixed disease garden, and single plants with strong disease resistance and growth vigor are selected to prepare a hybridization combination in the full-bloom stage, so that the obtained hybrid boll has good disease resistance. In the breeding method of the present invention F1、F2、F4、F6Fourth generation is planted in an artificial withered and verticillium mixed disease nursery, and stress screening is carried out, so that the new variety bred is further ensured to have stronger disease resistance; f3、F5The seeds are planted in Hainan in winter, so that the breeding period is shortened by 2 years, and the breeding process is accelerated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cotton breeding, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency breeding method of super-early-maturing disease-resistant cotton.
Background
Cotton is the main economic crop in China. The single yield and the total yield of cotton in China are the first in the world. In recent years, the area of cotton in China is more than 5000 ten thousand mu. The photo-thermal water and soil resources of Xinjiang are rich, the cotton suitable area is wide, the planting area of Xinjiang cotton is more than 3000 ten thousand mu in recent years, and the single yield and the total yield of Xinjiang cotton are the first of the cotton planting provinces (self-control areas) in China. Xinjiang is also the main production area of high-quality cotton with the most development potential in China, wherein the early-maturing cotton planting area in northern Xinjiang has about 800 ten thousand mu of cotton field, is one of the important cotton planting areas in Xinjiang, is also an ecological area with unique and thick planted high-quality upland cotton, and the high-quality raw cotton produced in the ecological area accounts for more than 80 percent of the export cotton in China and is the most main export cotton base in China and Xinjiang. As the continuous cropping age of cotton fields is prolonged, the blight and verticillium wilt of cotton also rapidly spread, and the blight and verticillium wilt become a main obstacle for continuous high and stable yield of cotton. At present, more than 80% of cotton fields in Xinjiang are damaged by blight and verticillium wilt. Blight and verticillium wilt are one of the main factors restricting the production and development of Xinjiang cotton. Xinjiang requires a new variety of cotton with precocity, disease resistance, high yield (more than 40% of coat, medium leaf size and moderate plant type) and high quality. According to the characteristics of good prematurity and outstanding disease resistance of the Liaoling cotton variety, the test demonstration and popularization of the prematurity disease-resistant high-yield high-quality Liaoling cotton variety have wide prospects in areas with the growth period of about 125 days, such as Usu in northern Xinjiang, Kutun, Shawan, Shihe, Manasi and the like.
Because the cotton area of the inner cover is gradually enlarged, the ecological area of Liaoning is close to that of the inner cover, and the Liaoning cotton variety is relatively suitable for being planted in the inner cover area, the Liaoning cotton has wide application and popularization prospects in the inner cover, and the Liaoning cotton No. 15 is planted in the inner cover for many years, has outstanding performance and is popular with local cotton farmers. The inner Mongolia test demonstration of the Liaomian No. 23 in 2013 and 2015 shows that the yield is good, so that the cultivation of a new Liaomian cotton variety with extremely early maturity, high yield and high quality has great significance for promoting the production and development of Xinjiang and inner Mongolia cotton.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-efficiency breeding method of the super-early-maturing disease-resistant cotton.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an efficient breeding method of super-early-maturing disease-resistant cotton comprises the following steps:
1) screening to obtain backbone parents for the cotton ultra-early-maturing disease-resistant breeding: selecting a cotton variety with extremely early maturity, disease resistance, high yield and high quality as a backbone parent by utilizing cotton resources (namely Liaomian cotton) planted for many years in a northeast cotton planting area through a grading standard and an evaluation system of the extremely early maturity, disease resistance, high yield and high quality Liaomian cotton;
2) obtaining of hybrid bell: planting the backbone parent and the externally introduced cotton resource with more bolls, big bolls, high coat-dividing rate and high quality in the artificial withered and verticillium wilt mixed disease nursery, and hybridizing in the full-bloom period according to the character complementation principle to obtain F0Generation hybrid bells;
3) obtaining a new strain of the super-early-maturing disease-resistant high-yield high-quality cotton: by means of pedigree method through south propagation (F)3Generation and F5Era) Beiyu (F)1Generation, F2Generation, F4Generation and F6And in artificial withered and withered mixed disease nursery F1Generation, F2Generation, F4Generation and F64 generations of generations to stress and screen), thereby obtaining the super-early-maturing (growth period) with stronger disease resistance and stable charactersNo more than 128 days), disease resistance (no more than 10 for blight and no more than 20 for verticillium wilt), high yield (no less than 0.9kg for 5m long cotton), high quality (no less than 29mm for cotton, no less than 30cN/tex for specific strength, 3.5-5.0 for micronaire value)6Can be used as a new cotton variety.
Step 2) preparing the backbone parent obtained in step 1) and an introduced cotton resource into a hybrid combination, and performing hybrid hybridization to obtain F0Planting the obtained hybrid bolls in an artificial withered and yellow wilt mixed disease garden for selfing to obtain F1 generation plants, and breeding F1And (3) screening generation hybrid combinations, and harvesting the hybrid combinations with extremely early maturity (the growth period is less than or equal to 128 days), disease resistance (the blight means less than or equal to 10, and the verticillium wilt means less than or equal to 20) and high yield (the weight of 5m long-row cotton is more than or equal to 0.9kg) for later use.
Wherein, the combination refers to the hybridization combination of backbone parent multiplied by externally introduced resource or externally introduced resource multiplied by backbone parent, namely, the backbone parent is used as female parent or male parent.
Subjecting the selected F to1Planting in artificial withered and yellow wilt disease-mixing nursery by generation hybridization combination, and selfing to obtain F2Separating individual plant, screening F with extremely early maturity (growth period is less than or equal to 128 days), disease resistance (no disease), high yield (number of bolls per plant is more than or equal to 18, number of bolls opened is more than or equal to 15), and high quality (length of velvet is more than or equal to 29mm)2Generating single plants for later use;
screening to obtain F2Planting the single generation plant in Hainan in winter of the same year, and selfing to obtain F3Carrying out plant generation and row selection, and screening excellent (tidy and good in flocculation) plant rows;
will obtain F3The generation plants are planted in spring and then in a northern artificial withered and yellow wilt mixed disease nursery, and are selfed to obtain F4The generation line is screened for the extra early-maturing (the growth period is less than or equal to 128 days), disease-resistant (the blight is less than or equal to 10, and the verticillium wilt is less than or equal to 20), high-yield (the yield of 5 m-row long-seed cotton is more than or equal to 0.9kg), high-quality (the down length is more than or equal to 29mm, the specific strength is more than or equal to 30cN/tex, and the micronaire value is 3.5-5.0);
planting the selected strains in Hainan in winter of the year, and selfing to obtain F5Generating strain lines;
the south breeding method obtains excellent (tidy and good-opening-cotton) F5The generation lines are planted in a disease garden mixed with withered and yellow withered artificially from spring to north, and are selfed to obtain the super-early maturity (the growth period is less than or equal to 128 days)Stable F with characteristics of disease resistance (the fusarium wilt is less than or equal to 10, the verticillium wilt is less than or equal to 20), high yield (the yield of 5m long-row long-seed cotton is more than or equal to 0.9kg), high quality (the length of cotton is more than or equal to 29mm, the specific strength is more than or equal to 30cN/tex, and the micronaire value is 3.5-5.0)6The generation strain is a new strain of the super-early-maturing disease-resistant high-yield high-quality cotton.
Selecting the backbone parent of the super-early-maturing disease-resistant high-yield high-quality Liaocotton No. 23, No. 27, No. 31 or No. 34 through a scoring standard and an evaluation system of the super-early-maturing disease-resistant high-yield high-quality Liaocotton;
the cotton resources of more bolls, big bolls, high clothes fraction and high quality introduced outside are Shiyuan 321, Xinjiang Hexin, Ji cotton 169, Zhongzhuang cotton No. 2, Xinluzao No. 1, R001, HGBMHR-H, Xinjiang KW-37 and P10-1Shanxi 0316 or 14244612.
The screened varieties have the technical indexes that:
(1) the growth period indexes are as follows: the super-early-maturing cotton area of Liaoning and the like is less than or equal to 128 days;
(2) the fiber quality index is as follows: type I: the length of the velvet is more than or equal to 31mm, the specific strength is more than or equal to 32cN/tex, and the micronaire value is 3.7-4.2; type II: the velvet length is more than or equal to 29mm, the specific strength is more than or equal to 30cN/tex, and the micronaire value is 3.5-5.0; type III: the velvet length is more than or equal to 27mm, the specific strength is more than or equal to 28cN/tex, and the micronaire value is 3.5-5.5;
(3) the yield index is as follows: type I: the yield of the lint cotton before frost is increased by more than or equal to 0.0 percent compared with that of a local main cultivated variety (Liao 23); type II: the yield of the lint cotton before frost is increased by more than or equal to 3.0 percent compared with that of a local main cultivated variety (Liao 23); type III: the yield of the lint cotton before frost is increased by more than or equal to 8.0 percent compared with that of the local main cultivated variety (Liao 23). The clothes score reaches more than 40 percent; the blooming rate is more than or equal to 85 percent;
(4) disease resistance index: the wilt is less than or equal to 20, and the verticillium wilt is less than or equal to 35.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. in the breeding method, the male and female parents are planted in an artificial withered and verticillium wilt mixed disease garden, and single plants with strong disease resistance and growth vigor are selected to prepare a hybridization combination in the full-bloom stage, so that the obtained hybrid boll has good disease resistance.
2. In the breeding method of the present invention F1、F2、F4、F6In the fourth generation, the artificial withered and yellow witheredThe mixed disease nursery is planted and screened under stress, so that the selected new variety is further ensured to have stronger disease resistance; f3、F5The seeds are planted in Hainan in winter, so that the breeding period is shortened by 2 years, and the breeding process is accelerated.
3. The breeding method of the invention utilizes local backbone parents and cotton resources introduced from other places to prepare a hybridization combination, the hybridization offspring excellent rate (50%) is improved by 9.5% (see tables 3 and 4) compared with the common parent hybridization excellent rate (40.5%), thereby greatly improving the hybridization breeding efficiency; meanwhile, the backbone parent is used as a mother parent or a male parent, the excellent rate of the offspring of the prepared hybrid combination is high, and a batch of excellent strains are screened (see table 5).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto. The test methods in the following examples, which are not specified in specific conditions, are generally conducted under conventional conditions, and the steps thereof will not be described in detail since they do not relate to the invention.
Liaomian No. 9 and Liaomian No. 27 are currently stored in the research institute of economic crops in Liaoning province, while Liaomian No. 9 is described in "New variety of super-early-maturing upland Cotton Liaomian No. 9. Caesanling, edited by Reynaud's master, and" national agricultural annual book "1992"; liaomian 27 is recorded in the article "New variety of super-early-maturing disease-resistant high-yield cotton-Liaomian 27, Liu Yan Zhen, Wangzheng, Cao Gui Yan, etc., Chinese cotton, 2013, 40(8): 39".
The efficient breeding method of the super-early-maturing disease-resistant cotton provided by the invention is as follows:
1. screening the backbone parent strain of super-early-maturing, disease-resistant and high-yield high-quality cotton
Selecting a cotton variety with extremely early maturity, disease resistance, high yield and high quality as a backbone parent by utilizing cotton resources (namely Liaomian cotton) planted for many years in a northeast cotton planting area through a scoring standard (see table 2) and an evaluation system (see table 1) of the extremely early maturity, disease resistance, high yield and high quality Liaomian cotton;
according to the evaluation standard of the bone parents of the super-early-maturing disease-resistant high-yield high-quality Liaocotton in super-early-maturing cotton areas such as Liaoning, northern Xinjiang and inner Mongolia in Table 2 and the evaluation system of the bone parents of the super-early-maturing disease-resistant high-yield high-quality Liaocotton in super-early-maturing cotton areas such as Liaoning, northern Xinjiang and inner Mongolia in Table 1, 4 bone parents which are evaluated for more than 90 points comprehensively are screened out and are respectively No. 23 Liaocotton, No. 27 Liaocotton, No. 31 Liaocotton and No. 34 Liaocotton.
TABLE 1 evaluation system for backbone parents of super-early-maturing, disease-resistant, high-yield and high-quality Liaocotton suitable for super-early-maturing cotton areas such as Liaoning, northern Xinjiang and inner Mongolia
Early maturity: 124 and 128 days in Liaoning cotton area
TABLE 2 evaluation standard of backbone parents of super-early-maturing, disease-resistant, high-yield and high-quality Liaocotton suitable for super-early-maturing cotton areas such as Liaoning, northern Xinjiang and inner Mongolia
2. Preparing hybrid combinations
The 'backbone parent' and the boll are planted in an artificial withered and verticillium mixed disease garden, wherein the boll number of a single plant is more than or equal to 20, the boll is large (the boll weight is more than or equal to 6.0g), the coat rate is high (the coat rate is more than or equal to 40 percent), and the externally introduced resources are high in quality (the down length is more than or equal to 29mm, the specific strength is more than or equal to 30cN/tex, and the micronaire value is 3.5-5.0). According to the principle of character complementation, in the full-bloom stage, selecting 'backbone parent' and cotton resource single plant with good disease resistance (no disease attack) and strong growth potential, preparing hybridization combination, stripping the stamen of female parent flower, pollinating the stigma of female parent flower with male parent flower, so as to obtain hybrid boll on female parent pollinated flower, and further obtain hybrid boll with good disease resistance.
3. Screening of new progeny cotton line with high early maturity, disease resistance and high yield
By pedigree method, through southern propagation (F)3、F5) Beiyu (F,1F2、F4、F6) In artificial withered and yellow wilt mixed disease nursery for 4 generations (F)1、F2、F4、F6) Stress screening to obtain the super-early-maturing rice with strong disease resistance and stable characterThe breeding period is less than or equal to 128 days), disease resistance (the blight is less than or equal to 10, the verticillium wilt is less than or equal to 20), high yield (the yield of 5m long-row cotton is more than or equal to 0.9kg), high quality (the cotton has the wool length of more than or equal to 29mm, the specific strength of more than or equal to 30cN/tex and the micronaire value of 3.5-5.0) and new cotton strain F6And (4) generation.
4. Comparative strain test
In the production field, the selected new cotton strain F with extremely early maturity, disease resistance, high yield and high quality is used6Strain comparison test (F)7-F8Generation), further identifying the stability of the strain with extremely early maturity (the growth period is less than or equal to 128 days), high yield (the yield of the lint before frost is more than or equal to 5.0% higher than that of a contrast (a local main cultivar), and high quality (the lint length is more than or equal to 29mm, the specific strength is more than or equal to 30cN/tex, and the micronaire value is 3.5-5.0).
Example 1 Breeding of New line Liao6999 of super-early-maturing disease-resistant high-yield high-quality cotton
The new strain Liaoning 6999 of the super-early-maturing disease-resistant high-yield high-quality cotton is bred according to the following steps:
1) screening the backbone parent strain of super-early-maturing, disease-resistant and high-yield high-quality cotton
Selecting a cotton variety with extremely early maturity, disease resistance, high yield and high quality as a backbone parent by utilizing cotton resources (namely Liaomian cotton) planted for many years in a northeast cotton planting area through a scoring standard (see table 2) and an evaluation system (see table 1) of the extremely early maturity, disease resistance, high yield and high quality Liaomian cotton;
namely, selecting 31 Liaoning cotton (the growth period is 128 days; the wilt disease is 2.2; the verticillium wilt disease is 17.1; the boll weight is 6.6g, the coat division is 42.1%, the number of single bolls is 18, the number of bolls opened is 16; the down length is 30.6mm, the specific strength is 30.8cN/tex, the micronaire value is 3.8; the general combining ability is 1.26), the induced bolls are more (the number of single bolls is 20), the bolls are big (the boll weight is 7.3g), the coat division is high (the coat division is 44.1%,), the quality (the boll length is 29.4mm, the specific strength is 30.1cN/tex, the micronaire value is 5.1) of cotton resource Xinjiang letter.
2) Preparing hybrid combinations
In 2012, the Liaomian cotton 31 as the backbone parent and Xinjiang Xinxin as the external resource are planted in an artificial withering, verticillium wilt mixed disease nursery. According to the principle of character complementation, in the full-bloom stage, the 'backbone parent' and cotton resource single plant with good disease resistance (no disease attack) and strong growth potential are selected to prepare hybrid combination, so that the obtained hybrid boll has good disease resistance.
3) Screening of new progeny cotton line with high early maturity, disease resistance and high yield
(a) Planting in 2013 artificial withered and verticillium mixed disease garden (Xinjiang Xinxin X Liaocotton 31), and selfing to obtain F1Generation, identification F1Disease resistance of the generations. Screening F with good disease resistance (no disease), very early maturity (the boll opening number is more than 16) and more bolls (the single plant boll number is more than 18)1Generation of individual plant, and the rest F11 middle boll is harvested on all good (no disease and more bolls) single plants, ensuring F1All the superior genotypes are harvested.
(b) In 2014, the combined harvested F1 generation single plants and all the mixed harvested seeds (namely, the middle bolls harvested on the screening single plants) are continuously planted in an artificial withered, yellow-withered and mixed disease nursery, and are selfed to obtain F2Individual plants were isolated in generations, and disease resistance of each individual plant was further identified, and excellent individual plants with good disease resistance (no disease), very early maturity (number of bolls opened 16 or more), and large bolls (number of bolls opened 18 or more) were selected.
(c) In 2014 winter, the selected F2Planting superior single plant seed in Hainan, selfing to obtain F3Plant generation, 2015 spring, screening F in Hainan3Excellent generation (regular and more open cotton) plants and rows.
(d) In 2015 spring, F screened in Hainan3Planting the seeds of superior plants in the northern artificial withered, yellow and withered mixed disease nursery, and selfing to obtain F4And (5) generating strains, and identifying the disease resistance of the strains. Screening excellent strains with good disease resistance (the fusarium wilt is less than or equal to 10, and the verticillium wilt is less than or equal to 20), extremely early maturity (the growth period is less than or equal to 128 days), high yield (the yield of 5m long-seed cotton is more than or equal to 0.9kg), high quality (the down length is more than or equal to 29.0mm, the specific strength is more than or equal to 30.0cN/tex, the micronaire value is 3.5-5.0;), harvesting the screened strains, and then carrying out southern propagation.
(e) In 2015 winter, the above-screened F4Planting seeds of generation-superior line in Hainan, selfing to obtain F5Generation line, 2016 spring, screening in Hainan F5Excellent generation (regular and more open flocs) strains.
(f) In 2016, F will be selected in Hainan5Planting the generation excellent plant in the northern artificial withered and yellow withered mixed disease nursery, and selfing to obtain F6And (5) continuously identifying the disease resistance of the strain in the generation strain. The new strain 6999 obtained by breeding is selected from the excellent strains with good disease resistance (the wilt is less than or equal to 10 and the verticillium wilt is less than or equal to 20), extremely early maturity (the growth period is less than or equal to 128 days), high yield (the yield of 5m long-seed cotton is more than or equal to 0.9kg), high quality (the length of cotton wool is more than or equal to 29.0mm, the specific strength is more than or equal to 30.0cN/tex and the micronaire value is 3.5-5.0) in autumn.
The breeding process is performed through F1、F2、F4And F6The disease resistance of the combination and the offspring thereof is identified in the artificial withered and verticillium mixed disease nursery for four generations, thereby ensuring that the selected F6The generation line 6999 has strong disease resistance.
4) Comparative strain test
Subjecting F obtained in step (F) to6Planting the superior strain in the production field to obtain F7Identifying the characters of the generation plants, the high yield, the earliness and the fiber quality of the strain, and the growth period of the Liao 6999 is 111 days; the blooming rate before frost is 90.9%. The plant type is moderate, the plant height is 81.3 cm, and the height of the first fruit branch is 24.3 cm. The bolls are oval, the average bolls of a single plant are 18.7, the bolls are moderate, and the picking is easy. The leaf color is dark green. The fusarium wilt refers to 1.4, the verticillium wilt refers to 0.8, and the fusarium wilt and the verticillium wilt are highly resistant. The average length of the upper half part is 30.4mm, the regularity index is 84.3%, the breaking specific strength is 29.3cN/tex, the micronaire value is 4.9, the elongation is 6.7%, and the fiber quality is excellent. The average bell weight is 6.3g, and the clothes score is 44.3%. The yield per mu of the pre-frost cotton and the pre-frost lint cotton is 228.3kg and 101.1kg respectively, and the yield is increased by 6.4 percent and 17.8 percent respectively compared with that of the Liaomiao cotton No. 23, and the yield is good.
Example 2 Breeding of New line Liao5449 of super-early-maturing disease-resistant high-yield high-quality cotton
The new strain Liaoning 5449 of the super-early-maturing disease-resistant high-yield high-quality cotton is bred according to the following steps:
(a) f planted in 2010 in Liaoning cotton No. 9X Shiyuan 321 in artificial withered and verticillium mixed disease nursery4Substitute materials (verticillium wilt means 20.3, boll weight 5.8g, clothes division 40.5%, single plant boll number 15, boll opening number 12, velvet length 28.0mm, specific strength 29.2cN/tex, micronaire value 4.6) and TettThe early-maturing disease-resistant high-yield high-quality bone dry parent Liaomian cotton No. 27 (growing period 128 days; blight means 0.3, verticillium wilt means 12.4; boll weight 6.7g, coat score 41.6%, single plant boll number 17, boll opening number 14, down length 30.2mm, specific strength 31.8cN/tex, micronaire value 4.4, general combining ability 1.18) is selected in full-bloom period, single plants with good disease resistance (no disease) and strong growth vigor are prepared into a hybrid combination, and the obtained hybrid boll is guaranteed to have good disease resistance.
This combination is an example of using backbone parents to improve progeny material of a cross.
(b)2011 in artificial withering and verticillium wilt mixed disease garden, the combined hybrid bell (Liaomian No. 9X shiyuan No. 321) X Liaomian No. 27) is planted and selfed to obtain F1Generation, identification F1Disease resistance of the generations. Screening individual plants with good disease resistance (no disease), very early maturity (boll opening number is more than 14), and boll formation (boll opening number is more than 17), and adding F11 middle boll is harvested on all good (no disease and more bolls) single plants, ensuring F1All the superior genotypes are harvested.
(c) The combined harvested F is continuously planted in an artificial withered, withered and withered mixed disease nursery in 20121Inbreeding individual plant generation and all mixed harvested seeds to obtain F2Individual plants were isolated in generations, and disease resistance of each individual plant was further identified, and excellent individual plants with good disease resistance (no disease), very early maturity (14 bolls opened or more), and large bolls (17 bolls opened or more) were selected.
(d) In the winter of 2012, the above selected F2Planting superior single plant in Hainan, selfing to obtain F3Plant generation and selection, in 2013 spring, screening F in Hainan3Excellent generation (regular and more open cotton) plants and rows.
(e) In 2013, F screened in Hainan3Planting F in artificial withered and withered mixed disease nursery4And (3) identifying the disease resistance of the strain, and screening excellent strains with good disease resistance (the wilt is less than or equal to 10, and the verticillium wilt is less than or equal to 20), extremely early maturity (the growth period is less than or equal to 128 days), high yield (the yield of 5 m-row long-seed cotton is more than or equal to 0.9kg), high quality (the down length is more than or equal to 29.0mm, the specific strength is more than or equal to 30.0cN/tex, and the micronaire value is 3.5-5.0;).
(f)2013In winter, the screened F4Planting superior plant line in Hainan, selfing to obtain F5Generation line, 2014 spring, screening F in Hainan5Excellent generation (regular and more open flocs) strains.
(g) In 2014, F to be screened in Hainan5Planting the superior plant in artificial withered and withered mixed disease nursery, selfing to obtain F6And (5) continuously identifying the disease resistance of the strain in the generation strain. In autumn, a high-quality product line 5449 with good disease resistance (the fusarium wilt is less than or equal to 10, and the verticillium wilt is less than or equal to 20), extremely early maturity (the growth period is less than or equal to 128 days), high yield (the yield of 5m long-row long-seed cotton is more than or equal to 0.9kg), high quality (the down length is more than or equal to 29.0mm, the specific strength is more than or equal to 30.0cN/tex, and the micronaire value is 3.5-5.0) is screened out. Through F1、F2、F4And F6The fourth generation identifies the disease resistance of the combination and the offspring thereof in the artificial withered and verticillium mixed disease nursery, thereby ensuring that the selected F6The generation line 5449 has strong disease resistance.
(h) In 2015, in the production field, the selected strain 5449 was subjected to a strain comparison test to identify F7The high yield, the early maturity and the fiber quality of the generation strain are characterized in that a good strain 5449 with the characteristics of super early maturity (the growth period is less than or equal to 128 days), high yield (the yield of the cotton lint before frost is increased by more than or equal to 5 percent compared with the yield of the Liaoling cotton No. 23), high quality (the lint length is more than or equal to 29.0mm, the specific strength is more than or equal to 30.0cN/tex and the micronaire value is 3.5-5.0) is screened out in autumn.
(i) Scale test, 12 points in Liaoning province in 2015-2016 average results: the Liao5449 plants have moderate types, the height of the plants is 78 cm, and the height of the first fruit branch is 22.7 cm. The bolls are oval, and the average boll of each plant is 12.9. Has moderate wadding content and is easy to pick. The leaf color is dark green. The growth period is 120 days, and the blooming rate is 93.0 percent. 6.6 parts of fusarium wilt and 7.7 parts of verticillium wilt, and has the advantages of fusarium wilt resistance and high verticillium wilt resistance. The average length of the upper half part is 29.5mm, the specific strength is 30.1cN/tex, the micronaire value is 4.6, and the fiber quality is excellent. The average bell weight is 6.4g, and the clothes score is 43.1%. The yield per mu of the pre-frost cotton and the pre-frost lint cotton is 215.6kg and 92.9kg respectively, which is 5.4 percent and 13.0 percent higher than that of the No. 23 cotton of the control Liaomian cotton, and the yield is good.
(j) The regional test result of the cotton variety in Liaoning province in 2017:
(1) characteristic features: growth period 126 days; the pre-frost bloom rate is 90.06%. The plant height is 76.3cm, the plant height is moderate, the tower type is compact, and the height of the first fruit branch is 26.5 cm. The leaves are slightly bigger and darker. Oval-shaped boll, smooth boll opening and white boll. 8.3 fruit branches, 11.4 single plant bolls, 6.33g of single boll seed cotton, 40.74 percent of clothes, 9.60g of seed fingers and moderate seed size.
The identification result of the disease resistance is as follows: the fusarium wilt index is 2.43(HR), and the fusarium wilt resistance is high; verticillium wilt refers to 11.93 (R), and is resistant to verticillium wilt.
Fiber quality detection results: the velvet is 31.8mm long, the regularity index is 86.1 percent, the breaking specific strength is 31.7cN/tex, the micronaire value is 4.9, and the elongation is 6.8 percent. The comprehensive index reaches the standard of II type conventional cotton varieties.
The yield performance is as follows: the yield of the lint cotton before frost per hectare is 946.60kg, which is increased by 7.19 percent compared with the control; the yield of the cotton seeds per hectare is 2576.39kg, which is increased by 6.00 percent compared with the control; the yield of the ginned cotton per hectare is 1049.87kg, which is increased by 9.26 percent compared with the control. The yield of the lint cotton is increased at five points before frost.
(2) Liaomian 46 (Liao 5449) characteristics: the plant height is moderate, the tower shape is compact, the leaves are medium and slightly large, and the color of the leaves is dark. The seed has the advantages of round boll and egg, moderate seed size, smooth boll opening, white boll, better clothing score and excellent fiber quality. Good earliness, good boll-forming habit, high yield and disease resistance.
(3) And (4) conclusion: the strain meets the variety approval standard that the regional test of the new strain of the II-type conventional cotton increases the yield by more than or equal to 3.0 percent compared with the reference, and has excellent comprehensive performance. It is recommended to continue to participate in the next annual regional trial.
Example 3
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that:
selecting different backbone parents and external resources according to the contents recorded in the table 1 and the table 2, and then obtaining a hybrid combination F according to the breeding mode1The yield of the combination is higher (up to 50%) for the generation (see table 3). (Table 3 shows a hybridization combination prepared by using the backbone parent and the exogenous resource according to the character complementation principle, the combination yield is 50%; Table 4 shows a hybridization combination prepared by using the general parent and the general maternal parent according to the character complementation principle, the combination yield is 40.5%)
Example 4
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that:
selecting different backbone parents and external resources according to the contents recorded in the table 1 and the table 2, and then obtaining a hybrid combination F according to the breeding mode1Selecting F according to the breeding method2—F6Offspring material was waited for, and different new lines were obtained (see table 5).
TABLE 32017 hybrid combination F formulated with backbone parents and exogenous resources1Performance in generation field, F1The generation combination yield is 11/22 ═ 50.0%
Note: the combination marked as "good as early" in the column "combination field performance" in table 3 is an excellent combination; combinations indicated in this column as "normal or eliminated" are either normal or bad combinations.
TABLE 42017 general hybridization combination F1Performance in generation field, F1The generation combination yield is 49/121 ═ 40.5%
Note: the combination marked as "good as early" in the column "combination field performance" in table 4 is an excellent combination; combinations indicated in this column as "normal or eliminated" are either normal or bad combinations.
TABLE 5 Excellent strains screened by hybridization combination prepared by' super-early-maturing, disease-resistant, high-yield and high-quality backbone parent and exogenous resource
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification or other related technical fields can be directly or indirectly applied thereto, and the same shall be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. An efficient breeding method of super-early-maturing disease-resistant cotton is characterized in that:
1) screening to obtain backbone parents for the cotton ultra-early-maturing disease-resistant breeding: selecting a cotton variety with extremely early maturity, disease resistance, high yield and high quality as a backbone parent by utilizing cotton resources planted for many years in a northeast cotton planting area through a grading standard and an evaluation system of the extremely early maturity, disease resistance, high yield and high quality Liaomian cotton;
2) obtaining of hybrid bell: planting the backbone parent and the externally introduced cotton resource with more bolls, big bolls, high coat-dividing rate and high quality in the artificial withered and verticillium wilt mixed disease nursery, and hybridizing in the full-bloom period according to the character complementation principle to obtain F0Generation hybrid bells;
3) obtaining a new strain of the super-early-maturing disease-resistant high-yield high-quality cotton: adopting pedigree method to propagate F through south3Generation and F5Dai, Bei Yu F1Generation, F2Generation, F4Generation and F6And in the artificial withered and verticillium mixed disease nursery pair F1Generation, F2Generation, F4Generation and F6The generation is subjected to stress screening, so that the super-early maturity with strong disease resistance and stable properties, namely the growth period is less than or equal to 128 days, the disease resistance, namely the blight is less than or equal to 10, the verticillium wilt is less than or equal to 20, the yield of the high-yield long-seed cotton with 5m rows is more than or equal to 0.9kg, the high-quality long wool is more than or equal to 29mm, the specific strength is more than or equal to 30cN/tex, and the micronaire value is more than or equal to 3.5-5.6A new cotton generation strain;
the step 2) prepares the backbone parent obtained in the step 1) and an externally introduced cotton resource for hybridization combination to obtain F0The hybrid bolls are planted in an artificial withered and greenish mixed disease garden and are selfed to obtain F1Generation plant, pair F1Screening generation hybrid combinations, and harvesting the hybrid combinations with extremely early maturity, namely the growth period is less than or equal to 128 days, the disease resistance, namely the blight, is less than or equal to 10, the verticillium wilt, is less than or equal to 20, and the high yield, namely the weight of 5m long-seed cotton is more than or equal to 0.9kg for later use; selecting the backbone parent of the super-early-maturing disease-resistant high-yield high-quality Liaonian cotton as No. 23 cotton through a scoring standard and an evaluation system of the super-early-maturing disease-resistant high-yield high-quality Liaonian cotton;
the high-quality externally-introduced cotton resource with more bolls, large bolls, high clothes scores is Ji cotton 169.
2. The efficient breeding method of the cotton with the ultra-early maturity and the disease resistance as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: subjecting the selected F to1Planting in artificial withered and yellow wilt disease-mixing nursery by generation hybridization combination, and selfing to obtain F2Separating individual plants, screening F with extremely early maturity, growth period of less than or equal to 128 days, disease resistance, high yield, boll number of more than or equal to 18, boll opening number of more than or equal to 15, and high quality, i.e. lint length of more than or equal to 29mm2Generating single plants for later use;
f obtained by the above screening2Planting the single generation plant in Hainan in winter of the same year, and selfing to obtain F3Carrying out plant generation and row selection, namely screening excellent, namely regular and well-flocculated plant rows;
will obtain F3The generation plants are planted in spring and then in a northern artificial withered and yellow wilt mixed disease nursery, and are selfed to obtain F4Selecting generation strains, selecting the ultra-early-maturing cotton, namely the growth period is less than or equal to 128 days, the disease resistance, namely the blight is less than or equal to 10, the verticillium wilt is less than or equal to 20, and the high yield, namely the yield of 5m long-seed cotton is more than or equal to 0.9kg, high-quality strains, namely strains with the down length of more than or equal to 29mm, the specific strength of more than or equal to 30cN/tex and the micronaire value of = 3.5-5.0;
planting the selected strains in Hainan in winter of the year, and selfing to obtain F5Generating strain lines;
the excellent, namely tidy and well-opened F obtained by the south breeding5The generation line is planted in a disease garden with artificial withering, verticillium wilt and mixed growth from spring to north, the generation line is self-bred to obtain the super-early maturity, namely the growth period is less than or equal to 128 days, the disease resistance, namely the wilt disease index is less than or equal to 10, the verticillium wilt index is less than or equal to 20, the high yield, namely the yield of the 5 m-row long-length cotton is more than or equal to 0.9kg, the high quality, namely the length of the down feather is more than or equal to 29mm, the specific strength is more than or equal to 30cN/tex6The generation strain is a new strain of the super-early-maturing disease-resistant high-yield high-quality cotton.
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