CN110150056A - A kind of seed growing method keeping anti-blight variety of watermelon resistance - Google Patents
A kind of seed growing method keeping anti-blight variety of watermelon resistance Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of seed growing methods for keeping anti-blight variety of watermelon resistance, belong to garden crop seed growing technical field, it include: by the male parent seed of anti-blight watermelon and maternal seed nursery in matrix, in watermelon transplantation of seedlings to the soil containing Pathogen of Fusarium Wilt, male parent original silkworm egg seed and maternal original silkworm egg seed will be obtained；Male parent original silkworm egg seed and maternal original silkworm egg seed are bred, the consistent fruit harvesting seed of characteristic feature characteristic with male parent original silkworm egg seed, maternal original silkworm egg seed is selected and remain, is male parent original seed and maternal original seed；Male parent original seed and maternal original seed are subjected to crossbreed, selected and remain and the maternal seed that the characteristic feature characteristic of original seed is consistent, hybrid rate is 95% or more.Using seed growing method provided by the invention, the quality and yield of watermelon seed are not only increased, and the anti-blight of kind is stablized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to garden crop seed growing technical field more particularly to a kind of holding anti-blight variety of watermelon are anti-
The stable seed growing method of property.
Background technique
Watermelon is China Horticultural crop, and year, cultivated area was up to 25,000,000 mu or more.Jiangsu-zhejiang Shanghai Area Anhui area is China head
The major production areas of tessellated region watermelon, year, cultivated area was up to 5,000,000 mu or more.Last decade, since the intensive facility of watermelon is planted
Training area expands rapidly, and the traditional rotation cropping of watermelon becomes extremely difficult, leads to the wilt disease (soil-borne disease) of watermelon year by year
It aggravates, it has also become the significant bottleneck that China's watermelon safe and high quality efficiently produce, Breeding and popularization anti-blight variety of watermelon are to solve
Watermelon continuous cropping disease problem and ensure the high-quality most economical effective approach of product safety.
For any new crop varieties, the kind of breeding stablizes breeding and supply is to ensure that new varieties are continual and steady
One of core technology of popularization and application.Watermelon is the garden crop for liking intense light irradiation and dry climate, on the south the Changjiang river in China
Area (main Jiangsu-zhejiang Shanghai Area Anhui area), the normal chance south of the pollination period of blooming (4-5 month) of conventional spring sowing cultivated watermelons are used to have continuous
The more overcast and rainy low-light weather of low temperature, and seed development and fructescence (6-7 month) be at a time when southern distinctive plum rain season,
Easily cause pollen fertilization bad, seed development is not perfect, and not only the 100-grain weight of watermelon seed is small, low output, especially germination percentage
It is low, country's sale breeding quality standard is not achieved.For a long time, variety of watermelon is used in more overcast and rainy regional culture productions such as Jiangsu-zhejiang Shanghai Area Anhui
Seed be all made of the northern propagating technology in conventional south kind (Songrong be great, Yang Hongjuan, Zhu Lihua, Li Chaohan, Gu Weihong new water melon breed
The Seed-breeding techniques of the anti-988' in Shen study [J] Shanghai Agricultural journal, 2016,32 (3): 45-48), basic fundamental method is just
It is parent's (male parent and female parent) original silkworm egg all kinds of new water melon breeds of incubation in the conventional cultivations item such as local greenhouse or open country
Expand after breeding certain quantity under part, the illumination such as Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia are strong, illumination is sufficient, the northwest of drying short of rain
Area carries out isolation implant and breeding, obtains parent (male parent and female parent) original seed of new water melon breed.Second year, continue Xinjiang,
The Northwests such as Gansu and Ningxia, with the parental stock (male parent: maternal quantity=1:10) of breeding, artificial pollination crossbreed at
The cenospecies of new varieties is identified, qualified new water melon breed cenospecies (purity >=95% through purity and germination percentage；Germination percentage >=
90%) melon grower for being supplied to Jiangsu-zhejiang Shanghai Area Anhui area, the production for watermelon products are sold, then.Due to western breeding area and south
The ecological environment and climate difference of production district are huge, and this long-continued southern kind of north is numerous easily to cause in variety of watermelon in resistance
The forfeiture of (i.e. disease resistance and resistance) or serious degeneration.Can all it occur in annual Jiangsu-zhejiang Shanghai Area Anhui area watermelon production because kind is anti-
Plant large area caused by sick resistance weakens spreads out rattan dead seedling, causes Severe Reduction, even has no harvest, peasant suffers heavy losses, this is not
Loss only is brought to Seed enterprises and farmer, also seriously constrains the sustainable development of China the Changjiang river areas to the south's watermelon production
Exhibition.
Secondly, there are the variation of biological strain and differentiation, current internationally recognized watermelon blights for Watermelon Fusarium Wilt
The variation differentiation of opportunistic pathogen biological strain has 4, i.e. biological strain 0,1,2 and 3, distributed areas of each biological strain and pathogenic
It is different, wherein microspecies 0 it is pathogenic most weak, the pathogenic of microspecies 2 is better than 1 (Netzer of microspecies 0 and microspecies
D.Physiologieal races and soilpopulation level ofFusarium wilt
ofwatermelon.Phytopathology,1976,4:131-136；Martyn R D,Bruton B D.An initial
survey of the United States for races of Fusarium oxysporum
f.sp.niveum.HortScience,1989,24:696-698).Research finds (Martyn R D.Fusarium
oxysporum f.sp.niveum race 2:a highly aggressive race new to the United
States.Plant Dis,1987,71:233-236；Martyn R D,Netzer D.Resistance to races O,
1and 2ofFusarium wilt ofwatermelon in Citrullus sp.PI296341-FR.Horticulture
Science, 1991,26:429-432), the wild type Watermelon Varieties ' PI296341-FR ' only originating from Africa are to small at present
2 performance resistances of kind, and current research then finds (Zhou X G, Everts K L, Bruton B D.Race 3, A new and
highly virulent race ofFusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum causing Fusarium wiltin
Watermelon.Plant Disease, 2010,9), microspecies 3 can cause ' PI296341-FR ' to fall ill again.Research shows that (section
Meeting army, Zhang Caiying, Li Xihuan wait the identification of Physiological Races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum in Hebei Watermelon and aflp analysis Scientia Agricultura Sinica,
2007.40 (5): 925-931；Geng Lihua, Guo Shaogui, Lv Guiyun wait Races of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum identification technology system
Foundation and verifying China's Vegetable, 2010, (20): 52-56), the Watermelon Fusarium Wilt Physiological Race Differentiation of China various regions is main
Watermelon Fusarium Wilt Physiological Race Differentiation for 0 and 1, and Jiangsu-zhejiang Shanghai Area Anhui area is mainly 1 (Gu Weihong, Wang Yanhua, Songrong
The great District of Shanghai Watermelon Fusarium Wilt biological strain pre-test [J] Shanghai Agricultural journal, 1994,10 (3): 63-67), therefore,
The anti-blight variety of watermelon of each existing incubation of scientific research institutions in Jiangsu-zhejiang Shanghai Area Anhui area is mainly that anti-Watermelon Fusarium Wilt physiology is small
Kind 1, these disease-resistant watermelon varieties west area continuously expand it is numerous during easily because of ecological environment and pathogen biological strain
It makes a variation and loses disease resistance, decrease or funeral of the disease-resistant watermelon variety because of disease resistance of melon grower's plantation can all occur in production every year
It loses, caused Severe Reduction, or even total crop failure phenomenon, needs a kind of seed quality and production that can improve anti-blight variety of watermelon
Amount, while the seed growing method of anti-blight variety of watermelon resistance can also be kept to solve the problems, such as this.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of seed for keeping anti-blight variety of watermelon resistance is numerous
Method is educated, the seed quality and yield of anti-blight variety of watermelon can be improved using seed growing method provided by the invention,
The resistance of anti-blight variety of watermelon can also be kept simultaneously.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides following technical schemes:
The present invention provides a kind of seed growing methods for keeping anti-blight variety of watermelon resistance, including following step
It is rapid:
1) the male parent seed of anti-blight watermelon and maternal seed are subjected to nursery in matrix, when watermelon seedling grows 2~3
When piece true leaf, by watermelon transplantation of seedlings in the soil containing watermelon blight pathogen, after Watermelon Fruit is mature, select and remain and father
Originally, the maternal consistent fruit harvesting seed of characteristic feature characteristic obtains male parent original silkworm egg seed and maternal original silkworm egg seed；
The content of Pathogen of Fusarium Wilt is 1 × 10 in the soil3Cfu/g or more；
2) male parent original silkworm egg seed that the step 1) obtains and maternal original silkworm egg seed are bred, is selected and remain and male parent
The consistent fruit harvesting seed of characteristic feature characteristic of original silkworm egg, maternal original silkworm egg is male parent original seed and maternal original seed kind
Son；
The condition of the breeding includes: the light application time of the breeding in 14h or more, and the intensity of illumination of the breeding exists
500μmol/(m2S) more than, the air humidity of the breeding is less than 20%；
3) the male parent original seed for obtaining the step 2) and maternal original seed carry out crossbreed, select and remain and female parent
Original seed characteristic feature characteristic is consistent, seed of the hybrid rate 95% or more；
The method of the crossbreed includes: the light application time of the crossbreed in 14h or more, the crossbreed
Intensity of illumination is in 500 μm of ol/ (m2S) more than, the air humidity of the crossbreed is less than 20%.
Preferably, the step 1) Pathogen of Fusarium Wilt includes Watermelon Fusarium Wilt biological strain 0 and 1.
Preferably, the kind of step 1) the anti-blight watermelon includes that disease-resistant 948, Shen resists 988, Shen 968 and Shen Xuan of honey
958。
Preferably, the preparation method of the step 1) matrix includes: heap after mixing sterile soil with coco bran, ternary compound fertilizer
10~15d is set, matrix is obtained.
Preferably, the step 1) sterile soil and the mass ratio of coco bran are (2~4): (0.5~1.5).
Preferably, the content of ternary compound fertilizer is 0.4~0.6kg in every cube of sterile soil, in the ternary compound fertilizer
Nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=15%:15%:15%.
Preferably, the quantity ratio of step 3) the male parent original seed and maternal original seed is 1:10~15.
Preferably, the water content of the step 3) seed is below 8%.
The present invention provides it is a kind of keep anti-blight variety of watermelon resistance seed growing method, the present invention in
Entire growth is sent out from Seedling Stage → Adult plant → maturity period for the male parent original silkworm egg of anti-blight variety of watermelon and maternal original silkworm egg
The process of educating synchronizes the dip dyeing attack that experienced the Pathogen of Fusarium Wilt in soil, to enhance disease-resistant variety disease resistance and degeneration-resistant
The selection of property.Simultaneously because male parent and maternal original silkworm egg be advanced to it is mature before the used plum rains season having of south so that disease-resistant watermelon variety
Parent's original silkworm egg germination percentage and mass of 1000 kernel significantly improve, to significantly improve the seed of male parent original silkworm egg and maternal original silkworm egg
Quality and yield；Further selection is advised in the west area of superior natural conditions by the breeding of parental stock throwback and cenospecies
Modelling breeding, it is ensured that consistency (purity) and the stability (anti-blight and low temperature resistant weak of disease-resistant watermelon variety cenospecies
Photosensitiveness).
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that embodiment 1 keeps ' the seed growing flow chart of disease-resistant 948 ' variety of watermelon resistance；
Fig. 2 is that embodiment 2 keeps ' the seed growing flow chart of anti-988 ' the variety of watermelon resistances in Shen；
Fig. 3 is that embodiment 3 keeps ' the seed growing flow chart of 968 ' variety of watermelon resistance of Shen honey；
Fig. 4 is that the holding of embodiment 4 ' selects the seed growing flow chart of 958 ' variety of watermelon resistances in Shen.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of seed growing methods for keeping anti-blight variety of watermelon resistance, including following step
It is rapid:
1) the male parent seed of anti-blight watermelon and maternal seed are subjected to nursery in matrix, when watermelon seedling grows 2~3
When piece true leaf, by watermelon transplantation of seedlings in the soil containing watermelon blight pathogen, after Watermelon Fruit is mature, select and remain and father
Originally, the consistent fruit harvesting seed of maternal characteristic feature characteristic obtains male parent original silkworm egg seed and maternal original silkworm egg seed；
The content of Pathogen of Fusarium Wilt is 1 × 10 in the soil3Cfu/g or more；
2) the male parent original silkworm egg seed for obtaining the step 1) and maternal original silkworm egg seed growing are selected and remain former with male parent
The consistent fruit harvesting seed of characteristic feature characteristic of kind, maternal original silkworm egg is male parent original seed and maternal original seed；
The condition of the breeding includes: the light application time of the breeding in 14h or more, and the intensity of illumination of the breeding exists
500μmol/(m2S) more than, the air humidity of the breeding is less than 20%；
3) the male parent original seed for obtaining the step 2) and maternal original seed carry out crossbreed, select and remain and female parent
The characteristic feature characteristic of original seed fruit is consistent, seed of the hybrid rate 95% or more；
The method of the crossbreed includes: the light application time of the crossbreed in 14h or more, the crossbreed
Intensity of illumination is in 500 μm of ol/ (m2S) more than, the air humidity of the crossbreed is less than 20%.
The male parent seed of anti-blight watermelon and maternal seed are carried out nursery by the present invention in matrix, when watermelon seedling is grown
When 2~3 true leaves, by watermelon transplantation of seedlings in the soil containing Pathogen of Fusarium Wilt, after Watermelon Fruit is mature, select and remain and father
Originally, the maternal consistent fruit harvesting seed of fruit characteristic feature characteristic obtains male parent original silkworm egg seed and maternal original silkworm egg kind
Son；The content of Pathogen of Fusarium Wilt is 1 × 10 in the soil3Cfu/g or more.In the present invention, the anti-blight watermelon
Male parent seed and the nursery of maternal seed, transplanting in the soil containing Pathogen of Fusarium Wilt and harvest Parent original silkworm egg seed
It is preferred that being carried out in more overcast and rainy low-light areas such as Jiangsu-zhejiang Shanghai Area Anhui；The more overcast and rainy dim lights of the Jiangsu-zhejiang Shanghai Area Anhui area early spring used continuous low temperature having
According to extreme climate, the disease resistance and resistance of disease-resistant watermelon variety are equally enhanced.In the present invention, by anti-blight watermelon
Male parent seed and maternal seed carry out the nursery preferred same period in matrix or carry out by stages.In the present invention, described by stages excellent
Choosing includes: that male parent seed and maternal seed are separated by nursery in 7~10 days, is wanted to the successive plantation nothing of male parent seed and maternal seed
It asks.
In the present invention, the variety of watermelon of the anti-blight preferably includes disease-resistant 948, Shen anti-988, Shen honey 968 and Shen
Select 958.The present invention is not particularly limited the seed source of above-mentioned kind, can sell seed shop on a commission basis from locality and directly buy or lead to
Mailing way is crossed from usual manners such as breeding units purchases.In the present invention, described disease-resistant 948, Shen is anti-988, Shen honey 968 and Shen
It selects 958 kinds to be bred as by Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai City, it is multiple to have passed through Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei and Beijing etc.
Provinces and cities examine (identification) and national new varieties registration, are disclosed in the regional large-scale promotion application such as Henan Xiang Gan, Jiangsu-zhejiang Shanghai Area Anhui.
In the present invention, the preparation method of the matrix preferably includes: after sterile soil is mixed with coco bran, ternary compound fertilizer
10~15d is banked up, matrix is obtained.In the present invention, the sterile soil and the mass ratio of coco bran are preferably (2~4): (0.5~
1.5), more preferably 3:1.In the present invention, the content of ternary compound fertilizer is preferably 0.4~0.6kg in every cube of sterile soil, more
Preferably 0.5kg；Nitrogen in the ternary compound fertilizer: phosphorus: potassium=15%:15%:15%.In the present invention, when watermelon seedling is long
Out when 2~3 true leaves, by watermelon transplantation of seedlings to the soil containing watermelon blight pathogen, the method can make seedling root
System generates wound, is conducive to Pathogen of Fusarium Wilt invasion, the selection identification of enhancing watermelon plant disease resistance.
In the present invention, the Watermelon Fusarium Wilt preferably includes withered pathogenic bacteria biological strain 0 and 1.The present invention couple
The source of the withered pathogenic bacteria biological strain 0 and 1 is not particularly limited, using routine.
The present invention to the watermelon transplantation of seedlings to after in the soil containing Pathogen of Fusarium Wilt, to its final-period management without spy
It is different to limit, using conventional cultivating watermelon management method.
The present invention selects and remain the consistent fruit harvesting seed of characteristic feature characteristic with male parent, female parent, is male parent original silkworm egg kind
Son and maternal original silkworm egg seed.In the present invention, it if the disease resistance of watermelon plant is weak, can infect during the growth process withered
Disease, can be slowly dead from florescence to fructescence, finally cannot get mellow fruit and seed.Therefore, in the present invention,
Watermelon plant strain growth is healthy and strong, and fruit development is normal, shows the resistance of plant pair wilt disease.
The present invention breeds obtained male parent original silkworm egg seed and maternal original silkworm egg seed, selects and remain former with male parent
The consistent fruit harvesting seed of characteristic feature characteristic of kind, maternal original silkworm egg is male parent original seed and maternal original seed；Institute
State breeding condition include: the breeding light application time in 14h or more, the intensity of illumination of the breeding is in 500 μm of ol/
(m2S) more than, the air humidity of the breeding is less than 20%.The present invention is preferably by male parent original silkworm egg seed and maternal original silkworm egg
Seed is separately planted in different fields, carries out artificial bagging isolation selfing breeding.In the present invention, the breeding ground is preferably new
The west areas such as boundary, Gansu and Ningxia carry out.
The present invention is not particularly limited other management during breeding, using sowing, the life of local conventional variety of watermelon
Long and harvest cultivation management method.
Obtained male parent original seed and maternal original seed are carried out crossbreed by the present invention, are selected and remain and maternal original seed allusion quotation
Type feature is consistent, seed of the hybrid rate 95% or more；The method of the cenospecies breeding includes: the crossbreed
Light application time is in 14h or more, and the intensity of illumination of the crossbreed is in 500 μm of ol/ (m2S) more than, the crossbreed
Air humidity is less than 20%.In the present invention, the crossbreed preferably carries out in west areas such as Xinjiang, Gansu and Ningxia.
In the present invention, the crossbreed is carried out preferably by the way of artificial pollination, and is carried out to the Watermelon Fruit of artificial pollination
Pollination label.
The present invention is further preferably harvested and is marked on and fruit consistent with maternal original seed characteristic feature characteristic with artificial hybridization pollination
Single melon seed of note is mixed to be received, as the hybrid seed of resistance.
The present invention is not particularly limited other cultivating watermelon management methods during crossbreed, using conventional watermelon
The crossbreeds management methods such as fruit, artificial bagging, isolation pollination and harvesting are stayed in sowing, training.
In the present invention, the planting number of the male parent original seed and maternal original seed is than being preferably 1:10~15.
The present invention preferably first plants male parent original seed, plants maternal original again after the male parent original seed germination and emergence
Kind seed.
Technical solution provided by the invention is described in detail below with reference to embodiment, but they cannot be understood
For limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
' the mating system of disease-resistant 948 ' hybrid water melon
(1) ' the Jiangsu greenhouse sick nursery of disease-resistant 948 ' parent (male parent and female parent) original silkworm egg promotees early mating system:
In Jiangsu Province, the high and dry plot of topography is selected, builds area in 1280~1300m2The linkage greenhouse (4~5 of scale
Beam-connected greenhouse), greenhouse surrounding installs insect prevention separation net, and is laid with antiseep film in greenhouse steelframe base portion to 1 meter of underground depths.
Activated and rejuvenation 1 bacterial strain of Watermelon Fusarium Wilt biological strain is inoculated in plastic shed soil using wheat inocalation method, then is connected
Continue plantation ' honey is precious ' three batches of variety of watermelon (or 3 years) or more, ' honey treasured ' watermelon plant 100% is susceptible, builds up soil until can lead to
Middle bacteria containing amount is high (to keep in every gram of soil bacteria containing amount up to 1 X 103Cfu or more), pathogenic strong and stable watermelon blight it is big
Canopy identifies sick nursery.
In Jiangsu Province, 14 to 15 days 2 months of Yu Dangnian, ' disease-resistant 948 ' male parent and maternal breeder's seed carry out
Growing seedling in hotbed transplanting.Seedling medium selects sterile soil and coco bran through high-temperature sterilization to mix in 3:1 ratio, and every cube of soil is added
0.5kg ternary compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15%:15%:15%) banks up 14~15 days (soil, coco bran and compound after mixing well
Fertile source does not limit).27-28 days after germination emergence, directly transplanting is in greenhouse sick nursery when seedling grows 2~3 true leaves.
Cultivated area is pressed before transplanting, spreads fertilizer over the fields 18kg/667m2Ternary compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15%:15%:15%) and 150kg/667m2
Rapeseed cake fertilizer or soya-bean cake are fertile (source does not limit), disposably plough under soil and make base fertilizer.Using two-membrane process high ridge zanjon planting type,
I.e. according to the width of each tunnel greenhouse, it is made into high 20~21 centimetres, wide 250~253 centimetres of high ridge, each ridge face Kao Gou
1.1~1.2 meters of sides cover one layer of mulch, dig cave by 15~20 centimeters of ditch in mulch, and 30~33 centimetres of hill spacing, by what is cultivated
Watermelon transplantation of seedlings first covers half cave soil in the cave dug, then is watered with bottom water, and covers one layer thin battalion in every plant of seedling foundation portion
Soil is supported, covers one layer of Small plastic shed at once.When temperature reaches 30 DEG C or more in greenhouse, the film of greenhouse wind sheltering side is lifted up,
It is aerated cooling, controls in greenhouse 25~30 DEG C of day temperature, 15~20 DEG C of night temperature.The plant blossom phase, in every morning 8:30~
11:30 carries out artificial autocopulation's pollination, that is, picks the male flower pollen of opening on same male parent or maternal plant to opening on homophyletic
Female flower pollination, listing mark after pollination.During entire vine growth and development, according to institute's breeding disease Watermelon Parent (male parent or
It is maternal) feature, the consistency and typical case of plant type, blade profile, flower pattern, fruit type and rind appearance feature etc. are carried out to each plant
Property observation, in time extract consistency difference and growth potential weak (having yellow early ageing phenomenon) plant, retain robust growth, fruit
The single plant list melon of disease-resistant Watermelon Parent (male parent or female parent) characteristic feature is kept to reserve seed for planting, as disease-resistant parent's original silkworm egg.
(2) ' the western throwback mating system of disease-resistant 948 ' parent (male parent and female parent) original seed:
Illumination it is sufficient (sunshine-duration at 14 hours or more, 500 μm of ol/ (m of light intensity >2S)), dry (air
Humidity < 20%) Changji area establish ' disease-resistant 948 ' parent (male parent and female parent) Initial strain breeding base.Base selection
Standard: topography is flat, fertility is uniform, the convenient continuous cropping plot of irrigation and drainage, plants in 2000 meters without other variety of watermelon around plot.
Specific mating system: Jiangsu Province greenhouse sick nursery is promoted ' disease-resistant the 948 ' of early breeding harvesting by the spring of second year
Male parent and maternal original silkworm egg are sent to Changji area Initial strain breeding base, and Yu Wuyue 5 days is to during May 10, using mulch
Covering open field live broadcast mode carries out sowing cultivation.The preceding 20kg Shi Ma board compound fertilizer of application per acre of sowing (N:P:K=15%:15%:
15%) make base manure, compound fertilizer, which concentrates, spreads fertilizer over the fields in ridge face within the scope of 1 meter of ditch, and ploughs deeply and bury, then entire field is made into height
Ridge, it is 350-355 centimetres of ridge face width, 19~20 centimetres high, 28-30 centimetres of furrow width between two ridges.Using simple grain point broadcast mode, hill spacing
19~20 centimetres, each ridge Mian Kaogou respectively sows 1 row in side.One layer of mulch is after planting covered at once, and bottom water is watered in ditch.
After planting 6~7 days, germination emergence needled mulch with finger, seedling is drawn outside film, grows 2~3 true leaves to seedling
When, sick and weak seedling and lopsided seedling are pulled out, retains 1500 plants of healthy and strong growth of seedling per acre.40~50 centimetres of left sides are grown to plant main stem
The right side extracts all lateral bines in foundation portion, retains a main stem to ridge interstitial growth.The plant blossom phase, being covered every afternoon with paper will
Second day female flower that will be opened and male flower strictly entangle on plant, during the next morning 8:30~11:30, pick on plant
The same day open male flower pollen entangled carries out artificial pollination to open female flower has been entangled on homophyletic, and the female flower after pollination continues
Paper set is put on, prevents other pollen from entering pollution, and mark.Before fruit maturation, the fruit allusion quotation of bred parent is compareed
Type feature, to each parental stock breed field in single melon carry out narrow examination, pull out in time do not make marks it is miscellaneous
Strain, diseased plant and abnormal single melon.Picking time cuts each single melon (marked) again, carries out flesh color and seed characteristics observation, rejects it
Single melon of middle exception pulp and abnormal seed feature, the single melon elutriation for selecting and remain tool parent (male parent or female parent) fruit characteristic feature are stayed
Kind, in natural air drying on dring yard, after seed moisture content is down to 8% or less, it is stored in and is protected from light dry place, continuous 3 after being used as
Cenospecies expands the parental stock of breeding within~4 years.
(3) ' propagation in scale of the disease-resistant 948 ' cenospecies in Changji area:
Illumination it is strong (sunshine-duration at 14 more than hour, 500 μm of ol/ (m of light intensity >2S)), dry (air
Humidity < 20%) Changji area establish ' the cenospecies Breeding base of disease-resistant 948 ' variety of watermelon.Annual May 5
To during May 10 (according to weather condition flexible arrangement during current year Changji area), and according to current year prefectures and cities place
Need ' the quantity of disease-resistant 948 ' hybrid water melon, from the prior year, breeding is stored in ' disease-resistant 948 ' male parent and the mother in Changji base
In male parent in this original seed: female parent=1:10 ratio is taken out, and carries out sowing cultivation using covering with ground sheeting open field live broadcast planting type.
Wherein, male parent shifts to an earlier date the isolated area without other growth of watermelon in 2000 meters around one of sowing in 9~10 days, using simple grain program request
Mode 14~15 centimetres of hill spacing, after planting covers one layer of mulch, emerges to male parent germination, then sow maternal seed.It is maternal
Before seed sowing, 19~20kg lion horse board ternary compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15%:15%:15%) is applied per acre and makees base manure, base manure
Concentration is spread fertilizer over the fields in ridge face within the scope of one meter of ditch, and is ploughed deeply and buried, then ditch and be made into high ridge, and ridge is 19~20 centimetres high, ridge face width
350~360 centimetres, 29-30 centimetres of furrow width between two ridges.Each furrow face respectively sows 1 row from 19~20 centimeters of ditch, using simple grain
Point broadcast mode, after planting covers one layer of mulch by 17~18 centimetres of hill spacing.After planting 5~6 days or so, maternal germination emergence,
Mulch is needled with finger, seedling is drawn outside film, when 2~3 true leaves of seedling are grown, it is weak and lopsided to pull out growth in time
Seedling keeps 2400~2500 plants/acre of healthy and strong growth of seedling.Main stem grows 40~50 centimetres or so, extracts all lateral bines in main stem,
Only retain a main stem to ridge interstitial growth.The second female flower opens noon before that day on maternal plant, is planted male parent with paper set
The upper second day male flower flower bud that will be opened of strain is tightly entangled, while the female bud that second day on maternal plant will be opened is stringent
It entangles.During the next morning 8:30~11:30, the male flower pollen that the same day entangled on artificial picking paternal plant opens,
To the female flower pollination that the same day entangled on maternal plant is open, the continuation of maternal female flower is tightly put on into paper set after pollination, is prevented
Insect and other pollen enter pollution, and mark.In maternal fruit maturation early period, institute's breeding disease variety of watermelon is compareed
' disease-resistant 948 ' maternal fruit characteristic feature characteristic, single melon maternal to each of entire field carry out narrow examination, pull out in time
Except hybrid strain, diseased plant and the abnormal single melon not made marks.Fructescence, then the single melon of each of harvesting is cut, carry out flesh color and
Seed characteristics observation, single melon of rejecting abnormalities flesh color and abnormal seed feature select and remain the maternal flesh color of holding and seed characteristic feature
Single melon seed eluriate, after fermented and artificial disinfection treatment, in natural air drying on dring yard to seed moisture content be down to 8% hereinafter,
The grab sample 200g from the cenospecies that each independent field harvests carries out crop field and the identification of indoors artificial purity detecting, hybridization
Rate carries out packing sale up to 96% or more certified seed again, meets the production requirement of various regions melon grower.
Using ' the spring sowing open country conventional cultivation management method of disease-resistant 948 ' variety of watermelon (Shen Li, Ren Yongyuan, Yang Hongjuan,
Open country simplification cultivation technique [J] the Zhejiang Agriculture science of equal watermelon disease-resistant 948,2015,56 (5): 667-668), by this reality
Apply ' disease-resistant 948 ' the cenospecies that routine techniques disclosed in ' disease-resistant 948 ' hybrid seed and background technique that example obtains obtains
Son (for control) is planted in the watermelon field of the different continuous cropping time limits simultaneously, and comparing experiment in cultivation the results are shown in Table 1.
1 embodiment 1 of table and routine techniques breed " disease-resistant 948 " hybrid water melon is planted in different continuous cropping watermelon fields
Resistance and yield performance
It can be seen that from the comparative test result of table 1 and ' disease-resistant 948 ' hybrid water melon continuous three bred using routine techniques
Year and after 5 years, continuous cropping 1 year, continuous cropping 3 years and continuous cropping 5 years watermelon field in plant, plant pair watermelon blight
Resistant expression declines step by step, and the cenospecies plant disease incidence continuously bred 5 years is apparently higher than the plant hair of continuous breeding 3 years
Sick rate.
It is bred using the technology of the present invention ' after disease-resistant 948 ' cenospecies continuous 3 years and 5 years, in continuous cropping 1 year, continuous cropping three
It is planted in the field of year and continuous cropping 5 years, the Resistant expression of plant pair wilt disease is stablized, and has enhancing trend.
Embodiment 2
' Shen resists the mating system of 988 ' hybrid water melons
(1) ' Shen resists the Shanghai greenhouse sick nursery of 988 ' parents (male parent and female parent) original silkworm egg to promote early mating system:
In District of Shanghai, the high and dry plot of topography is selected, builds area in 1280~1300m2Linkage greenhouse (the 4-5 of scale
Beam-connected greenhouse), greenhouse surrounding installs insect prevention separation net, and is laid with antiseep film in greenhouse steelframe base portion to 1 meter of underground depths.
Activated and rejuvenation 1 bacterial strain of Watermelon Fusarium Wilt biological strain is inoculated in plastic shed soil using wheat inocalation method, then is connected
Continue plantation ' honey is precious ' three batches of variety of watermelon (or 3 years) or more, ' honey treasured ' watermelon plant 100% is susceptible, builds up soil until can lead to
Middle bacteria containing amount is high (to keep in every gram of soil bacteria containing amount up to 1 X 103Cfu or more), pathogenic strong and stable watermelon blight it is big
Canopy identifies sick nursery.
In District of Shanghai (according to current year Changes in weather situation) during annual January 28 to 5 days 2 months, by ' Shen is anti-
988 ' male parent and maternal breeder's seed, carry out growing seedling in hotbed.Seedling medium selects sterile soil and coco bran through high-temperature sterilization
It is mixed in 3:1 ratio, and every cube of soil is added after 0.5kg ternary compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15%:15%:15%) mix well
It banks up 14~15 days (soil, coco bran and compound fertilizer source do not limit).24~25 days after germination emergence, seedling grows 2~3
Directly transplanting is in greenhouse sick nursery when piece true leaf.Cultivated area is pressed before transplanting, spreads fertilizer over the fields 18~20kg/667m2Shi Ma board compound fertilizer
(N:P:K=15%:15%:15%) and 120~130kg/667m2Soya-bean cake fertilizer, disposably ploughs under soil and makees base manure.Using double films
Cover high ridge zanjon planting type, i.e., according to the width of each tunnel greenhouse, be made into high 21~22 centimetres, it is 245~255 centimetres wide
High ridge, each ridge face covers one layer of mulch by 1.1~1.2 meters of sides of ditch, digs cave, hill spacing by 17~18 centimeters of ditch in mulch
31-32 centimetres, by the watermelon transplantation of seedlings cultivated in the cave dug, half cave soil is first covered, then be watered with bottom water, and in every plant of seedling root
Base portion covers one layer of thin Nutrition Soil, covers one layer of Small plastic shed at once.When temperature reaches 30 DEG C or more in greenhouse, by greenhouse wind sheltering
The film of side lifts up, and is aerated cooling, controls in greenhouse 25~28 DEG C of day temperature, 15~18 DEG C of night temperature.The plant blossom phase, in
Every morning 8:30~11:00 carries out artificial autocopulation's pollination, that is, picks male flower pollen open on same male parent or maternal plant
To female flower pollination open on homophyletic, listing mark after pollination.During entire vine growth and development, according to institute's breeding disease west
Melon parent (male parent or female parent) feature carries out plant type, blade profile, flower pattern, fruit type and rind appearance feature etc. to each plant
Consistency and typicalness observation, extract single plant abnormal and that growth is weak in time, select and remain that disease-resistant resistance is strong, keeps disease-resistant watermelon
Single melon of parent (male parent or female parent) characteristic feature is reserved seed for planting as parent's original silkworm egg.
(2) ' Shen resists the west area throwback mating system of 988 ' parents (male parent and female parent) original seed:
Illumination it is sufficient (sunshine-duration at 14 hours or more, 500 μm of ol/ (m of light intensity >2S)), dry (air
Humidity < 20%) Gansu Zhangye Prefecture, establish ' parent (male parent and female parent) Initial strain breeding base of Shen anti-988 '.Base choosing
Select standard: topography is flat, fertility is uniform, the convenient continuous cropping plot of irrigation and drainage, without other variety of watermelon kinds in 1500 meters around plot
It plants.
Specific mating system: the spring of second year, by Shanghai greenhouse sick nursery promote early breeding harvesting ' Shen anti-988 '
Male parent and maternal original silkworm egg are sent to Gansu Zhangye Prefecture Initial strain breeding base, and Yu Siyue 18 days is to during May 5, using mulch
Covering open field live broadcast mode carries out sowing cultivation.Preceding 21~22kg Shi Ma board the compound fertilizer of application per acre of sowing (N:P:K=15%:
15%:15%) make base manure, base manure concentration is spread fertilizer over the fields in ridge face within the scope of one meter of ditch, and is ploughed deeply and buried, then entire field is made into
High ridge, 390~400 centimetres of ridge face width, 17~18 centimetres high, 26~28 centimetres of furrow width between two ridges.Using simple grain point broadcast mode,
Hill spacing 19~20cm, each ridge Mian Kaogou respectively sows 1 row in side.One layer of mulch is after planting covered at once, and vola is poured in ditch
Water.After planting 6~7 days, germination emergence needled mulch with finger, seedling is drawn outside film, grew 2~3 very to seedling
Ye Shi pulls out sick and weak seedling and lopsided seedling, retains 1200~1500 plants of healthy and strong growth of seedling per acre.50 lis are grown to plant main stem
Rice or so extracts all lateral bines in foundation portion, retains a main stem to ridge interstitial growth.The plant blossom phase, in paper every afternoon
Set strictly entangles second day female flower that will be opened and male flower on plant, and during the next morning 8:30~11:30, picking is planted
The same day open male flower pollen entangled carries out artificial pollination to the open female flower entangled of the same day on homophyletic in strain, after pollination
Female flower continues to put on paper set, prevents insect and other pollen from entering pollution, and mark.Before fruit maturation, control institute is numerous
The fruit characteristic feature characteristic for educating parent breeds single melon in field to each parental stock and carries out narrow examination, pulls out in time
Except hybrid strain, diseased plant and the abnormal single melon not made marks.Picking time cuts each single melon again, carries out flesh color and seed characteristics observation,
Wherein abnormal pulp and single melon of abnormal seed feature are rejected, the single melon for selecting and remain tool parent (male parent or female parent) characteristic feature is eluriated
It reserves seed for planting, in natural air drying on dring yard, after seed moisture content is down to 8% or less, is stored in and is protected from light dry place, it is continuous after being used as
Cenospecies expands the parental stock of breeding within 3~4 years.
(3) ' Shen resists 988 ' cenospecies in the propagation in scale of Gansu Zhangye Prefecture:
Illumination it is strong (sunshine-duration at 14 more than hour, 500 μm of ol/ (m of light intensity >2S)), dry (air
Humidity < 20%) Gansu Zhangye Prefecture, establish ' Shen resist 988 ' variety of watermelon cenospecies propagation in scale base.In annual
April 18 to during May 5 (according to the Changes in weather flexible arrangement of current year Gansu Zhangye Breeding base), it is each according to current year
Districts and cities place need ' Shen resists the cenospecies quantity of 988 ' variety of watermelon, from prior year breeding be stored in Gansu Zhangye base ' Shen is anti-
988 ' male parents and maternal original seed, therefrom in male parent: female parent=1:12 seed amount ratio is taken out, straight using covering with ground sheeting open country
It broadcasts planting type and carries out sowing cultivation.Wherein, male parent shift to an earlier date sowing in 8~9 days around one in 1800 meters without other watermelon seeds
The isolated area of plant 12~13 centimetres of hill spacing, after planting covers one layer of mulch, to male parent germination using simple grain point broadcast mode
Emergence, then sow maternal seed.Before the sowing of maternal seed, apply per acre 18~19kg ternary compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15%:
15%:15%) make base manure, base manure concentration is spread fertilizer over the fields in ridge face within the scope of one meter of ditch, and is ploughed deeply and buried, then ditch and be made into high ridge,
Ridge is 16~17 centimetres high, and 390~400 centimetres of ridge face width, 27~28 centimetres of furrow width between two ridges.Each furrow face is from 15~16 lis of ditch
1 row of each sowing at rice 15~16 centimetres of hill spacing, after planting covers one layer of mulch using simple grain point broadcast mode.After planting 5~6 days
Left and right, maternal germination emergence, i.e., needle mulch with finger, seedling drawn outside film, when 2~3 true leaves of seedling are grown,
It pulls out in time and grows weak and lopsided seedling, keep 2000~2200 plants/acre of healthy and strong growth of seedling.Main stem grows 45-50 centimetres or so,
All lateral bines in main stem are extractd, only retain a main stem to ridge interstitial growth.On the day before the second female flower on maternal plant is open
The male flower flower bud that second day on paternal plant will open tightly is entangled with paper set afternoon, while by second day on maternal plant
The female bud that will be opened strictly entangles.During the next morning 8:30~11:30, entangled on artificial picking paternal plant
The same day open male flower pollen, pollinates to the same day entangled on maternal plant open female flower, after pollination by maternal female flower after
It is continuous tightly to put on paper set, prevent insect and other pollen from entering pollution, and mark.In maternal fruit maturation early period, control
The maternal fruit characteristic feature characteristic of institute breeding disease variety of watermelon ' Shen anti-988 ', single melon maternal to each of entire field into
Row narrow examination pulls out the hybrid strain not made marks, diseased plant and abnormal single melon in time.Fructescence, then by each of harvesting
Single melon is cut, and carries out flesh color and seed characteristics observation, and it is maternal to select and remain holding for single melon of rejecting abnormalities flesh color and abnormal seed feature
Flesh color and single melon seed of seed characteristic feature are eluriated, after fermented and artificial disinfection treatment, in natural air drying on dring yard to kind
Sub- moisture is down to 8% hereinafter, 200 grams of grab sample from the cenospecies that each independent field harvests, and carries out crop field and indoor people
The identification of work purity detecting, hybrid rate carry out packing sale up to 97% or more certified seed again, meet the production need of various regions melon grower
It asks.
Using ' Shen resist 988 ' variety of watermelon conventional spring sowing facility cultivation management method (Songrong is great, Yang Hongjuan, Chen Yuandong,
High quality and yield cultivation techniques research [J] Shanghai Agricultural journal of Ma Kun, Gu Weihong facility long period cultivation type watermelon, 2012,
28(2):36-40；A kind of more receipts Nuisanceless high-efficient cultivation technique [J] agriculturals of Li Ping, Zheng Jinhuan, Qiu Wenbing, Hu Ganjin watermelon
Science and technology communication, 2012, (2): 165-167), the present embodiment 2 is obtained ' in the hybrid seed and background technique of Shen anti-988 ' public
The routine techniques opened obtain ' Shen resists 988 ' hybrid seeds (for control) while being planted in the watermelon field of the different continuous cropping time limits
In, comparing experiment in cultivation the results are shown in Table 2.
" Shen anti-988 " hybrid water melon that 2 embodiment 2 of table and routine techniques are bred is in different continuous cropping time limit watermelon field kinds
The resistance and yield of plant show
From the comparative test result of table 2 can be seen that using routine techniques breeding ' Shen resists 988 ' hybrid water melons continuous three
Year and after 5 years, continuous cropping 1 year, continuous cropping 3 years and continuous cropping 5 years watermelon field in plant, plant pair watermelon blight
Resistant expression declines step by step, and the cenospecies plant disease incidence continuously bred 5 years is apparently higher than the plant hair of continuous breeding 3 years
Sick rate.
After resisting 988 ' cenospecies continuous 3 years and 5 years using the technology of the present invention breeding ' Shen, in continuous cropping 1 year, continuous cropping three
It is planted in the field of year and continuous cropping 5 years, the Resistant expression of plant pair wilt disease is stablized, and has enhancing trend.
Embodiment 3
' the mating system of 968 ' hybrid water melon of Shen honey
(1) ' the Zhejiang greenhouse sick nursery of 968 ' parent of Shen honey (male parent and female parent) original silkworm egg promotees early mating system:
In Zhejiang area, the high and dry plot of topography is selected, builds area in 1280~1300m2The linkage greenhouse (4~5 of scale
Beam-connected greenhouse), greenhouse surrounding installs insect prevention separation net, and is laid with antiseep film in greenhouse steelframe base portion to 1 meter of underground depths.
Activated and rejuvenation 1 bacterial strain of Watermelon Fusarium Wilt biological strain is inoculated in plastic shed soil using wheat inocalation method, then is connected
Continue plantation ' honey is precious ' three batches of variety of watermelon (or 3 years) or more, ' honey treasured ' watermelon plant 100% is susceptible, builds up soil until can lead to
Middle bacteria containing amount is high (to keep in every gram of soil bacteria containing amount up to 1 X 103Cfu or more), pathogenic strong and stable watermelon blight it is big
Canopy identifies sick nursery.
In Zhejiang area, (change flexible arrangement according to current year local climate) during annual January 28 to 5 days 2 months,
It will ' male parent of Shen honey 968 ' and maternal breeder's seed, progress growing seedling in hotbed.Seedling medium selects the sterile soil through high-temperature sterilization
It is mixed with coco bran in 3:1 ratio, and 0.5kg ternary compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15%:15%:15%) is added sufficiently in every cube of soil
It is banked up after mixing 14~15 days (soil, coco bran and compound fertilizer source do not limit).25~26 days after germination emergence, seedling is long
It is directly transplanted in greenhouse sick nursery when 2~3 true leaves out.Cultivated area is pressed before transplanting, spreads fertilizer over the fields 18~19kg/667m2Lion horse board
Compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15%:15%:15%) and 120~130kg/667m2Soya-bean cake fertilizer, disposably ploughs under soil and makees base manure.It adopts
With two-membrane process high ridge zanjon planting type, i.e., according to the width of each tunnel greenhouse, be made into high 18~19 centimetres, it is wide by 245~
250 centimetres of high ridge, each ridge face cover one layer of mulch by 1.1~1.2 meters of sides of ditch, dig in mulch by 15~18 centimeters of ditch
Half cave soil, by the watermelon transplantation of seedlings cultivated in the cave dug, is first covered, then be watered with bottom water, and every in cave by 30~31 centimetres of hill spacing
Strain seedling foundation portion covers one layer of thin Nutrition Soil, covers one layer of Small plastic shed at once.It, will when temperature reaches 30 DEG C or more in greenhouse
The film of greenhouse wind sheltering side lifts up, and is aerated cooling, controls in greenhouse 25~28 DEG C of day temperature, 15~18 DEG C of night temperature.Plant
Florescence carries out artificial autocopulation's pollination in every morning 8:30~11:00, that is, picks opening on same male parent or maternal plant
Male flower pollen is pollinated to female flower open on homophyletic, listing mark after pollination.It is numerous according to institute during entire vine growth and development
Disease-resistant Watermelon Parent (male parent or female parent) feature is educated, each plant is carried out outside plant type, blade profile, flower pattern, fruit type and pericarp
The consistency and typicalness observation for seeing feature etc., extract single plant abnormal and that growth is weak in time, select and remain that disease-resistant resistance is strong, keeps
Single melon of disease-resistant Watermelon Parent (male parent or female parent) characteristic feature is reserved seed for planting as parent's original silkworm egg.
(2) ' the west area throwback mating system of 968 ' parent of Shen honey (male parent and female parent) original seed:
Illumination it is sufficient (sunshine-duration at 14 hours or more, 500 μm of ol/ (m of light intensity >2S)), dry (air
Humidity < 20%) Kashi Area of Xingjiang Autonomous Region, establish ' parent (male parent and female parent) Initial strain breeding base of Shen honey 968 '.Base choosing
Select standard: topography is flat, fertility is uniform, the convenient continuous cropping plot of irrigation and drainage, without other variety of watermelon kinds in 1800 meters around plot
It plants.
Specific mating system: the spring of second year, by Zhejiang greenhouse sick nursery promote early breeding harvesting ' Shen honey 968 '
Male parent and maternal original silkworm egg are sent to Kashi Area of Xingjiang Autonomous Region Initial strain breeding base, April 15 of Yu Dangnian to during April 25,
Sowing cultivation is carried out using covering with ground sheeting open field live broadcast mode.21~22kg Shi Ma board compound fertilizer (N:P:K is applied before sowing per acre
=15%:15%:15%) make base manure, base manure concentration is spread fertilizer over the fields in ridge face within the scope of one meter of ditch, and is ploughed deeply and buried, then will be entire
Field is made into high ridge, and ridge face width is 260~265 centimetres, 19~20 centimetres high, 25~26 centimetres of furrow width between two ridges.Using simple grain
Point broadcast mode, 15~16cm of hill spacing, each ridge Mian Kaogou respectively sow 1 row in side.One layer of mulch is after planting covered at once, and in ditch
Inside it is watered with bottom water.After planting 6~7 days, germination emergence needled mulch with finger, seedling is drawn outside film, is grown to seedling
When 2~3 true leaves, sick and weak seedling and lopsided seedling are pulled out, retains 1400~1500 plants of healthy and strong growth of seedling per acre.It is raw to plant main stem
Length extracts all lateral bines in foundation portion, retains a main stem to ridge interstitial growth to 50 centimetres or so.The plant blossom phase, in daily
Strictly entangled second day female flower that will be opened and male flower on plant with paper set in the afternoon, phase the next morning 8:30~11:30
Between, it picks the open male flower pollen entangled of the same day on plant and is manually awarded to the open female flower entangled of the same day on homophyletic
Powder, the female flower after pollination continue to put on paper set, prevent insect and other pollen from entering pollution, and mark.In fruit maturation
Before, the fruit characteristic feature characteristic of bred parent is compareed, single melon in field is bred to each parental stock and is carried out strictly
It checks, pulls out the hybrid strain not made marks, diseased plant and abnormal single melon in time.Picking time cuts each single melon again, carries out flesh color and kind
Subcharacter observation rejects wherein abnormal pulp and single melon of abnormal seed feature, it is typical special to select and remain tool parent (male parent or female parent)
Single melon elutriation of sign is reserved seed for planting, and in natural air drying on dring yard, after seed moisture content is down to 8% or less, is stored in and is protected from light dry place,
Expand the parental stock of breeding as continuous 3-4 cenospecies later.
(3) ' propagation in scale of the honey 968 ' cenospecies in Shen in Kashi Area of Xingjiang Autonomous Region:
Illumination it is strong (sunshine-duration at 14 more than hour, 500 μm of ol/ (m of light intensity >2S)), dry (air
Humidity < 20%) Kashi Area of Xingjiang Autonomous Region, establish ' the cenospecies propagation in scale base of 968 ' variety of watermelon of Shen honey.In annual
April 15 to during April 25 (according to current year Kashi Area of Xingjiang Autonomous Region climate change flexible arrangement), according to prefectures and cities' place need
The cenospecies amount of disease-resistant watermelon variety is stored in ' in 968 ' male parent of Shen honey and maternal original seed of western base from prior year breeding
In male parent: female parent=1:15 ratio seed amount takes out, and carries out sowing cultivation using covering with ground sheeting open field live broadcast planting type.
Wherein, male parent shifts to an earlier date the isolated area without other growth of watermelon in 2000 meters around one of sowing in 7-8 days, using simple grain program request side
Formula 14~15 centimetres of hill spacing, after planting covers one layer of mulch, emerges to male parent germination, then sow maternal seed.Maternal kind
Before son sowing, 19~20kg ternary compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15%:15%:15%) is applied per acre and makees base manure, base manure concentration is spread fertilizer over the fields
It in ridge face within the scope of one meter of ditch, and ploughs deeply and buries, then ditch and be made into high ridge, ridge is 17~18 centimetres high, ridge face width 360~370
Centimetre, 28~29 centimetres of furrow width between two ridges.Each furrow face respectively sows 1 row from 16~17 centimeters of ditch, using simple grain program request side
Formula, after planting covers one layer of mulch by 16~17 centimetres of hill spacing.After planting 6~7 days or so, hand is used in maternal germination emergence
Finger needles mulch, and seedling is drawn outside film, when 2~3 true leaves of seedling are grown, pulls out grow weak and lopsided seedling in time, keep
2100~2300 plants/acre of healthy and strong growth of seedling.Main stem grows 50 centimetres or so, extracts all lateral bines in main stem, only retains one
Main stem is to ridge interstitial growth.The second female flower on maternal plant open noon before that day, with paper set by paternal plant second
Its male flower flower bud that will be opened tightly is entangled, while the female bud that second day on maternal plant will open strictly being entangled.The
During two day morning 8:30~11:30, the male flower pollen that the same day entangled on artificial picking paternal plant opens is planted to maternal
The open female flower pollination of same day for having entangled in strain, tightly puts on paper set for the continuation of maternal female flower after pollination, prevent insect and its
Its pollen enters pollution, and marks.In maternal fruit maturation early period, institute's breeding disease variety of watermelon ' Shen honey 968 ' is compareed
Maternal fruit characteristic feature characteristic, narrow examination is carried out to the maternal single melon of each of entire field, pulls out do not mark in time
Hybrid strain, diseased plant and the abnormal single melon of note.Fructescence, then the single melon of each of harvesting is cut, carry out flesh color and seed characteristics
Observation, single melon of rejecting abnormalities flesh color and abnormal seed feature select and remain the single melon kind for keeping maternal flesh color and seed characteristic feature
Son is eluriated, and after fermented and artificial disinfection treatment, is down to 8% hereinafter, from each only in natural air drying on dring yard to seed moisture content
160~180 grams of grab sample in the cenospecies of vertical field harvesting, carries out crop field and indoors artificial purity detecting, hybrid rate reach
99% or more seed is sold again, meets the production requirement of various regions melon grower.
Using ' the conventional spring sowing facility cultivation management method of 968 ' variety of watermelon of Shen honey (Zhang Zhaohui, Yang Xiaofeng, Jiang Yuping,
[J] Shanghai Agricultural journal, 2016,32 (1): 86-89 are studied in the comparative test of large fruit new water melon breed in equal；Xiang Yumiao
Middle fruit type watermelon shed robs the agricultural technology spread of early Labor-saving cultivation technology [J] China, and 2013, (12): 26-27), the present embodiment is obtained
To ' routine techniques disclosed in the hybrid seed and background technique of Shen honey 968 ' obtain ' honey 968 ' hybrid seed in Shen (is right
According to), while being planted in the watermelon field of the different continuous cropping time limits, comparing experiment in cultivation the results are shown in Table 3.
The resistance that 3 embodiment 3 of table is planted from " the Shen honey 968 " hybrid water melon that routine techniques is bred in different continuous cropping fields
And yield performance
It can be seen that from the comparative test result of table 3 and ' 968 ' hybrid water melon of Shen honey continuous three bred using routine techniques
Year and after 5 years, continuous cropping 1 year, continuous cropping 3 years and continuous cropping 5 years watermelon field in plant, plant pair watermelon blight
Resistant expression declines step by step, and the cenospecies plant disease incidence continuously bred 5 years is apparently higher than the plant hair of continuous breeding 3 years
Sick rate.
It is bred using the technology of the present invention ' after 968 ' cenospecies of Shen honey continuous 3 years and 5 years, in continuous cropping 1 year, continuous cropping three
It is planted in the field of year and continuous cropping 5 years, the Resistant expression of plant pair wilt disease is stablized, and has enhancing trend.
Embodiment 4
' select the mating system of 958 ' hybrid water melons in Shen
(1) ' select the Anhui greenhouse sick nursery of 958 ' parents (male parent and female parent) original silkworm egg to promote early mating system in Shen:
In Hefei ,Anhui area, the high and dry plot of topography is selected, builds area in 1280-1300m2The linkage greenhouse (4 of scale
~5 beam-connected greenhouses), greenhouse surrounding installs insect prevention separation net, and thin to 1 meter of underground depths laying antiseep in greenhouse steelframe base portion
Film.Activated and rejuvenation 1 bacterial strain of Watermelon Fusarium Wilt biological strain is inoculated in plastic shed soil using wheat inocalation method, then
Continuously more than plantation ' honey is precious ' three batches of variety of watermelon (or 3 years), until can lead to, ' honey treasured ' watermelon plant 100% is susceptible, builds up soil
Bacteria containing amount is high in earth (keeps in every gram of soil bacteria containing amount up to 1 X 103Cfu or more), pathogenic strong and stable watermelon blight
Greenhouse identifies sick nursery.
It is (flexible according to the variation of current year local climate during annual 13 days 2 months to 15 days 2 months in Hefei ,Anhui area
Arrange), ' 958 ' male parent and female parent breeder's seed, progress growing seedling in hotbed will be selected in Shen.Seedling medium is selected through high-temperature sterilization
Sterile soil and coco bran are mixed in 3:1 ratio, and every cube of soil be added 0.5kg ternary compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15%:15%:
15%) it is banked up after mixing well 14~15 days (soil, coco bran and compound fertilizer source do not limit).28~29 after germination emergence
It, directly transplanting is in greenhouse sick nursery when seedling grows 2~3 true leaves.Cultivated area is pressed before transplanting, spreads fertilizer over the fields 19-21kg/
667m2Shi Ma board compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15%:15%:15%) and 120~130kg/667m2Soya-bean cake fertilizer, disposably ploughs under soil
Earth makees base manure.Using two-membrane process high ridge zanjon planting type, i.e., according to the width of each tunnel greenhouse, it is made into 18~20 lis high
Rice, wide 240~250 centimetres of high ridge, each ridge face cover one layer of mulch by 1.1~1.2 meters of sides of ditch, mulch by ditch 15~
18 centimeters dig cave, 30~31 centimetres of hill spacing, by the watermelon transplantation of seedlings cultivated in the cave dug, first cover half cave soil, then be watered with
Bottom water, and one layer of thin Nutrition Soil is covered in every plant of seedling foundation portion, one layer of Small plastic shed is covered at once.When temperature reaches 30 in greenhouse
DEG C or more when, the film of greenhouse wind sheltering side is lifted up, is aerated cooling, controls in greenhouse 25~28 DEG C of day temperature, night temperature 15
~18 DEG C.The plant blossom phase carries out artificial autocopulation's pollination in every morning 8:30~11:00, that is, picks same male parent or female parent
Open male flower pollen is pollinated to female flower open on homophyletic on plant, listing mark after pollination.In entire vine growth and development
Period, according to institute's breeding disease Watermelon Parent (male parent or female parent) feature, to each plant carry out plant type, blade profile, flower pattern,
Consistency and the typicalness observation of fruit type and rind appearance feature etc. are extracted single plant abnormal and that growth is weak in time, are selected and remain disease-resistant
Resistance is strong, single melon of disease-resistant Watermelon Parent (male parent or female parent) characteristic feature is kept to reserve seed for planting as parent's original silkworm egg.
(2) ' select the west area throwback mating system of 958 ' parents (male parent and female parent) original seed in Shen:
Illumination it is sufficient (sunshine-duration at 14 hours or more, 500 μm of ol/ (m of light intensity >2S)), dry (air
Humidity < 20%) Zhongweiof Ningxia, northwest China area establish ' select 958 ' parent (male parent and female parent) Initial strain breeding base in Shen.Base selection
Standard: topography is flat, fertility is uniform, the convenient continuous cropping plot of irrigation and drainage, plants in 1800 meters without other variety of watermelon around plot.
Specific mating system: the early breeding harvesting of Anhui greenhouse sick nursery rush ' is selected 958 ' in Shen by the spring of second year
Male parent and maternal original silkworm egg are sent to Zhongweiof Ningxia, northwest China area Initial strain breeding base, and Yu Siyue 28 days is to during May 15, using ground
Film covering open field live broadcast mode carries out sowing cultivation.20~21kg Shi Ma board compound fertilizer (N:P:K=is applied before sowing per acre
15%:15%:15%) make base manure, base manure concentration is spread fertilizer over the fields in ridge face within the scope of one meter of ditch, and is ploughed deeply and buried, then by entire field
Block is made into high ridge, 380~390 centimetres of ridge face width, 17~18 centimetres high, 27~28 centimetres of furrow width between two ridges.Using simple grain point
Broadcast mode, hill spacing 17~18cm, each ridge Mian Kaogou respectively sow 1 row in side.One layer of mulch is after planting covered at once, and in ditch
It is watered with bottom water.After planting 7~8 days, germination emergence needled mulch with finger, seedling is drawn outside film, grows 2 to seedling
When~3 true leaves, sick and weak seedling and lopsided seedling are pulled out, retains 1300~1400 plants of healthy and strong growth of seedling per acre.It is raw to plant main stem
Length extracts all lateral bines in foundation portion, retains a main stem to furrow interstitial growth to 50 centimetres or so.The plant blossom phase, in daily
Strictly entangled second day female flower that will be opened and male flower on plant with paper set in the afternoon, phase the next morning 8:30-11:30
Between, it picks the open male flower pollen entangled of the same day on plant and is manually awarded to the open female flower entangled of the same day on homophyletic
Powder, the female flower after pollination continue to put on paper set, prevent insect and other pollen from entering pollution, and mark.In fruit maturation
Before, the fruit characteristic feature characteristic of bred parent is compareed, single melon in field is bred to each parental stock and is carried out strictly
It checks, pulls out the hybrid strain not made marks, diseased plant and abnormal single melon in time.Picking time cuts each single melon again, carries out flesh color and kind
Subcharacter observation rejects wherein abnormal pulp and single melon of abnormal seed feature, it is typical special to select and remain tool parent (male parent or female parent)
Single melon elutriation of sign is reserved seed for planting, and in natural air drying on dring yard, after seed moisture content is down to 8% or less, is stored in and is protected from light dry place,
Expand the parental stock of breeding as continuous 3-4 cenospecies later.
(3) ' select 958 ' cenospecies in the propagation in scale in Zhongweiof Ningxia, northwest China area in Shen:
Illumination it is strong (sunshine-duration at 14 more than hour, 500 μm of ol/ (m of light intensity >2S)), dry (air
Humidity < 20%) Zhongweiof Ningxia, northwest China area, foundation ' select the cenospecies propagation in scale base of 958 ' variety of watermelon in Shen.In annual
April 28 to during May 15 (according in current year Ningxia be local climate change flexible arrangement), according to current year various regions market
It is required that ' the cenospecies quantity of 958 ' variety of watermelon is selected in Shen, ' selects 958 ' fathers in Shen from what prior year breeding was stored in Zhongweiof Ningxia, northwest China base
In male parent in sheet and maternal original seed: female parent=1:14 ratio seed amount takes out, using covering with ground sheeting open field live broadcast cultivation side
Formula carries out sowing cultivation.Wherein, male parent shifts to an earlier date the isolation without other growth of watermelon in 1700 meters around one of sowing in 8~9 days
Area 13~14 centimetres of hill spacing, is after planting covered one layer of mulch, is emerged to male parent germination, then broadcast using simple grain point broadcast mode
The maternal seed of kind.Before maternal seed sowing, 16~17kg ternary compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15%:15%:15%) is applied per acre and is made
Base manure, base manure concentration is spread fertilizer over the fields in ridge face within the scope of one meter of ditch, and is ploughed deeply and buried, then ditch and be made into high ridge, and ridge is 15~16 lis high
Rice, 380~390 centimetres of ridge face width, 29~30 centimetres of furrow width between two ridges.Each furrow face respectively sows 1 from 15~16 centimeters of ditch
Row 17~18 centimetres of hill spacing, after planting covers one layer of mulch using simple grain point broadcast mode.After planting 7~8 days or so, maternal kind
Sub- germination and emergence, i.e., needle mulch with finger, and seedling is drawn outside film, when 2~3 true leaves of seedling are grown, pulls out life in time
Long weak and lopsided seedling keeps 2000~2100 plants/acre of healthy and strong growth of seedling.Main stem grows 50 centimetres or so, extracts institute in main stem
There is lateral bine, only retains a main stem to ridge interstitial growth.The second female flower open noon before that day on maternal plant, with paper set
The male flower flower bud that second day on paternal plant will open tightly is entangled, while second day on maternal plant will be opened female
Bud strictly entangles.During the next morning 8:30~11:30, the artificial hero for picking the same day opening entangled on paternal plant
Flower pollen pollinates to the same day entangled on maternal plant open female flower, continues maternal female flower after pollination tightly to put on paper
Set, prevents insect and other pollen from entering pollution, and mark.In maternal fruit maturation early period, institute's breeding disease west is compareed
The maternal fruit characteristic feature characteristic of melon kind, single melon maternal to each of entire field carry out narrow examination, pull out in time
Hybrid strain, diseased plant and the abnormal single melon not made marks.Fructescence, then the single melon of each of harvesting is cut, carry out flesh color and kind
Subcharacter observation, single melon of rejecting abnormalities flesh color and abnormal seed feature are selected and remain and keep maternal flesh color and seed characteristic feature
Single melon seed is eluriated, after fermented and artificial disinfection treatment, in natural air drying on dring yard to seed moisture content be down to 8% hereinafter, from
180~200 grams of grab sample in each independent field harvesting cenospecies, crop field and indoors artificial purity detecting, hybrid rate are carried out
Certified seed up to 98% or more carries out packing sale again, meets the production requirement of various regions melon grower.
Using ' the conventional spring sowing cultivation management methods of 958 ' variety of watermelon is selected in Shen, and (Yang Hongjuan, Zhu Lihua, Li Chaohan wait
Select 958 ' breeding and its cultivation key technology [J] Shanghai Agricultural journal, 2018,28 (2): 36- in disease-resistant new water melon breed ' Shen
40), by the present embodiment obtain ' Shen select 958 ' hybrid seed and background technique disclosed in the obtained ' Shen Xuan of routine techniques
958 ' hybrid seeds (for control) are planted in the watermelon field of the different continuous cropping time limits simultaneously, and comparing experiment in cultivation the results are shown in Table 4.
4 embodiment 4 of table is from " selecting 958 in the Shen " hybrid water melon that routine techniques is bred in different continuous cropping time limit watermelon field kinds
The resistance and yield of plant show
It can be seen that from the comparative test result of table 4 and 958 ' hybrid water melons continuous three ' selected in Shen using routine techniques breeding
Year and after 5 years, continuous cropping 1 year, continuous cropping 3 years and continuous cropping 5 years watermelon field in plant, plant pair watermelon blight
Resistant expression declines step by step, and the cenospecies plant disease incidence continuously bred 5 years is apparently higher than the plant hair of continuous breeding 3 years
Sick rate.
Using the technology of the present invention breeding, ' Shen selected 958 ' cenospecies continuous 3 years and after 5 year, in continuous cropping 1 year, continuous cropping three
It is planted in the field of year and continuous cropping 5 years, the Resistant expression of plant pair wilt disease is stablized, and has enhancing trend.
It can be concluded that, using seed growing method provided by the invention, watermelon hybrid is not only increased by above embodiments
The quality and yield of kind, and the anti-blight of disease-resistant watermelon variety is stablized.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention mode, it is noted that for the ordinary skill of the art
For personnel, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications
It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of seed growing method for keeping anti-blight variety of watermelon resistance, which comprises the following steps:
1) the male parent seed of anti-blight watermelon and maternal seed are subjected to nursery in matrix, when watermelon seedling grows 2~3 very
Ye Shi after Watermelon Fruit is mature, is selected and remain in watermelon transplantation of seedlings to the soil containing watermelon blight pathogen and male parent, mother
This consistent fruit harvesting seed of characteristic feature characteristic obtains male parent original silkworm egg seed and maternal original silkworm egg seed；
The content of Pathogen of Fusarium Wilt is 1 × 10 in the soil3Cfu/g or more；
2) male parent original silkworm egg seed and female parent original silkworm egg seed that the step 1) obtains are bred, selects and remain and male parent is former
The consistent fruit harvesting seed of characteristic feature characteristic of kind, maternal original silkworm egg is male parent original seed and maternal original seed；
The condition of the breeding includes: the light application time of the breeding in 14h or more, and the intensity of illumination of the breeding is in 500 μ
mol/(m2S) more than, the air humidity of the breeding is less than 20%；
3) the male parent original seed for obtaining the step 2) and maternal original seed carry out crossbreed, select and remain and maternal original seed
The characteristic feature characteristic of fruit is consistent, seed of the hybrid rate 95% or more；
The method of the crossbreed includes: the light application time of the crossbreed in 14h or more, the illumination of the crossbreed
Intensity is in 500 μm of ol/ (m2S) more than, the air humidity of the crossbreed is less than 20%.
2. seed growing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1) Watermelon Fusarium Wilt includes
Watermelon Fusarium Wilt biological strain 0 and 1.
3. seed growing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the variety of watermelon of the step 1) anti-blight
Resist 988, Shen honey 968 and Shen Xuan 958 including disease-resistant 948, Shen.
4. seed growing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the preparation method packet of the step 1) matrix
It includes: banking up 10~15d after sterile soil is mixed with coco bran, ternary compound fertilizer, obtain seedling medium.
5. seed growing method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the sterile soil and the mass ratio of coco bran are (2
~4): (0.5~1.5).
6. seed growing method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that ternary compound fertilizer contains in every cube of sterile soil
Amount is 0.4~0.6kg, the nitrogen in the ternary compound fertilizer: phosphorus: potassium=15%:15%:15%.
7. seed growing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 3) the male parent original seed and female parent
The quantity ratio of original seed is 1:10~15.
8. seed growing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the water content of the step 3) seed is 8%
Below.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1192851A (en) * | 1998-04-10 | 1998-09-16 | 湖南园艺种苗中心 | Technology for inducing wilt resistance of Hugua (a kind of edible gourd) into water melon |
| CN107667738A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-02-09 | 湖南省农业生物技术研究中心 | The method of seedling stage assay watermelon blight resistance |
| CN109287473A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-02-01 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of application of the diploid watermelon self-mating system of the selection and breeding of diploid watermelon self-mating system |
| CN109463272A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2019-03-15 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of seed growing method keeping variety of watermelon kind |
| CN109463273A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2019-03-15 | 辽宁省经济作物研究所 | A kind of disease-resistant High-Efficient Cotton breeding method of Early maturity |
-
2019
- 2019-07-01 CN CN201910584770.8A patent/CN110150056A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1192851A (en) * | 1998-04-10 | 1998-09-16 | 湖南园艺种苗中心 | Technology for inducing wilt resistance of Hugua (a kind of edible gourd) into water melon |
| CN107667738A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-02-09 | 湖南省农业生物技术研究中心 | The method of seedling stage assay watermelon blight resistance |
| CN109463272A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2019-03-15 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of seed growing method keeping variety of watermelon kind |
| CN109463273A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2019-03-15 | 辽宁省经济作物研究所 | A kind of disease-resistant High-Efficient Cotton breeding method of Early maturity |
| CN109287473A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-02-01 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of application of the diploid watermelon self-mating system of the selection and breeding of diploid watermelon self-mating system |
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