CN109156116B - Seed coating agent and coated seeds for restoring saline marsh vegetation in coastal wetland and preparation method of seed coating agent - Google Patents
Seed coating agent and coated seeds for restoring saline marsh vegetation in coastal wetland and preparation method of seed coating agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN109156116B CN109156116B CN201811310435.0A CN201811310435A CN109156116B CN 109156116 B CN109156116 B CN 109156116B CN 201811310435 A CN201811310435 A CN 201811310435A CN 109156116 B CN109156116 B CN 109156116B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention relates to a seed coating agent and coated seeds for restoring saline marsh vegetation in coastal wetlands and a preparation method thereof. Specifically, the seed coating agent provided by the invention comprises an inner core, a middle layer and a shell coating agent. The core coating agent is a water-retaining material, and the seed sedimentation and planting are accelerated through the water absorption and retention effects of the core coating agent. The middle layer coating agent is an organic-inorganic complex, has the characteristics of compression resistance, weight increment, wave resistance, salt and alkali resistance and nutrition, and effectively improves the environmental conditions of the micro-point position for planting. The shell coating agent is mainly prepared from a film-forming agent, so that the adhesion fastness of the active component is obviously improved, the water and wave resistance of the seed coating agent is improved, and the coating falling rate is reduced. The invention provides a coated seed, which solves the problems of uneven seed flow diffusion and ineffective seed sedimentation and field planting of the current coastal wetland from the aspect of seed enhancement. In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the coated seed, which is simple in preparation process and suitable for large-scale production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seed coating agent formula for restoring saline marsh vegetation in coastal wetlands, coated seeds and a preparation process thereof.
Background
As one of three major ecosystems of the earth, the wetland plays an important and unique ecological function and is known as the 'kidney of the earth', however, due to the dual pressure of population explosion and economic development and excessive resource development and pollution, the area of the wetland is greatly reduced, and wetland species are seriously damaged. The national wetland protection engineering survey shows that the existing natural or semi-natural wetland only occupies 3.77 percent of the area of the national soil in China, the number of the natural wetland is obviously reduced, the reduction trend is not effectively restrained, and the decline trend is obvious; the coastal wetland is closely related to human, can provide a large amount of production and living data for human, and is over-developed, and the area is seriously shrunk.
At present, three types of methods related to the recovery of the degraded wetland internationally are mainly used, namely a physical method, which is used for deep land ploughing, dam building, water diversion and dilution and the like through engineering measures, has quick response but consumes a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources; secondly, a chemical method, such as adding a modifier to improve the physical properties of soil or applying nutrients, along with industrial development, people pay attention to the utilization of industrial waste residues to improve alkaline earth, the chemical method is relatively quick in effect, but in the operation process, the amount of the modifier applied is not easy to control, secondary pollution is very easy to cause, and thus adverse effects are generated on the environment; the biological-ecological research method has slow effect, but has greater compatibility with a natural ecological system, so the method has sustainability, low investment and energy consumption in the whole recovery process, and no secondary pollution, which is the focus and hot spot in the current international wetland recovery research.
Under the unique environment of the coastal wetland, the tidal events play an important role in the transmission and distribution of vegetation seeds, the blocking effect of hydrologic communication is a key driving force for causing the degradation of the coastal wetland, and engineering such as culture ponds, dykes, bank fixation and the like in partial areas block the tidal action, so that the seeds of the coastal vegetation cannot normally diffuse and flow, and the distribution has nonuniformity, thereby causing the planting field planting to be lumpy and gradually forming a spot area. In addition, most of the seeds of the coastal vegetation are small and light, and can not be effectively settled when meeting a plaque area in the process of being wrapped by tide, and finally, the seeds are mostly gathered in an area with vegetation communities, so that the plaque phenomenon is more and more severe. Successful germination and seedling establishment in this diffusion mode is highly dependent on whether the seed containment area is sufficiently nutritious, moderately salty and moist, and is not affected by predation. How to reasonably diffuse the seeds and effectively fix and germinate is a key node for practice work of ecological protection and restoration of the coastal saline marsh wetland. The invention belongs to a method in the biological-ecological field, and provides a new way for repairing degraded vegetation in coastal wetlands by making wave-proof, water-retaining and salt-resistant composite coated seeds aiming at the specific tide phenomenon of the coastal wetlands, soil salinization and the like to solve the problem of degradation of the vegetation in the coastal wetlands, effectively improving the damage and interference of tide events to soil seed banks and germinated seedlings, responding to the inhibition of spring drought to seed germination and providing a new way for repairing the degraded vegetation in the coastal wetlands.
At present, the seed coating technology is mainly applied to the agricultural field and is not applied to coastal wetland ecological restoration. In addition, in the related art, no matter what kind of seed coating agent, the active ingredients of the seed coating agent contain a large amount of organic or inorganic chemical substances, such as pesticides, bactericides, herbicides and the like, which have high cost and cause environmental pollution, and cannot meet the requirements of large-scale and pollution-free ecological restoration. In addition, the phenomena of tidal environment, soil salinization, spring drought and the like which are peculiar to coastal wetlands are also an examination on the seed coating technology.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of vegetation degradation of the existing coastal wetland, and provides a seed coating agent for repairing the coastal wetland saline marsh vegetation, a coated seed and a preparation method thereof, wherein the seed coating agent has pertinence and universality, and has the advantages of wave prevention, drought resistance, saline-alkali resistance, nutrition and slow release; meanwhile, the raw material components are all natural components, so that the environment-friendly wetland is environment-friendly and pollution-free, and meets the requirement of coastal wetland ecological restoration. The coated seeds are rapidly settled after absorbing water through the core water-retaining material, and the coated seeds are slowly combined with soil to realize the field planting of the seeds after sinking, so that the wind wave impact resistance is improved, the coated seeds can form a micro reservoir after the tide comes every time, the salinity of the surrounding soil is reduced while water is retained, the germination of the seeds is promoted, and the survival rate of the seeds and seedlings is remarkably improved. The coating method is simple to operate, low in cost, suitable for large-area popularization, firm and uniform in coating, uniform in coated seed particles, consistent in shape and size and good in flowability.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted;
the invention provides a seed coating agent for restoring saline marsh vegetation in coastal wetlands, which comprises an inner core coating agent, a middle layer coating agent and an outer shell coating agent.
Wherein, the core coating agent is a water retention material, the middle layer coating agent coats the core, the middle layer coating agent is an organic material, an inorganic material or an organic-inorganic complex, the shell coating agent is a film forming material, and the shape of the coating agent can be any geometric shape.
The coating agent comprises 15-25 parts of an inner core coating agent, a middle layer coating agent and a shell coating agent in parts by weight: 70-82: 3-5.
The water-retaining material of the core coating agent is polyacrylamide.
The organic-inorganic complex comprises coastal clay, attapulgite clay, hydroxyethyl cellulose, biomass particles, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, tea saponin, indoleacetic acid, humus, fermented excrement and oyster shell powder.
In particular, the organic-inorganic composite is used in an amount ratio of 30-40: 40-60: 2: 3-8: 0.5: 0.5: 1-5: 0.5-1.5: 10-15: 1-3: 1-5.
In particular, the coastal clay is taken from yellow river delta, and the particle number of the coastal clay is 100-300 meshes.
In particular, the particle number of the attapulgite clay is more than or equal to 200 meshes.
Wherein the biomass particles comprise reed powder, suaeda glauca powder and corncob powder.
Particularly, the biomass particles are prepared from reed powder, suaeda salsa powder and corncob powder according to the weight ratio of 2: 1: 2, mixing the components.
In particular, the mesh number of the reed powder, the suaeda glauca powder and the corncob powder in the biomass particles is 100-300 meshes.
The film forming agent is polyvinyl alcohol.
In the seed coating agent provided by the invention, the water-retaining material has the functions of absorbing and storing water, relieving salt stress in the seed germination process and promoting seed germination and seedling growth.
The coastal clay is used for increasing the quality of the coated seeds, can effectively resist the impact of tide and plays a role in wave prevention; the organic matter contained in the fertilizer provides nutrients for seed germination and seedling growth, provides balanced mineral nutrient elements for seedling growth, and promotes development and growth of root systems in seedling.
Attapulgite clay, also known as palygorskite, is an aqueous magnesium-rich aluminosilicate clay mineral with a chain layered structure, and has a special fiber structure, unusual colloid and adsorption properties. The environment-friendly effect is good, the natural effect is realized, the pollution is avoided, and the seed germination and the growth of bacteria and microorganisms in the seedling stage can be effectively inhibited. Has good water swelling property, and can provide a large amount of air for seed germination while maintaining moisture.
The hydroxyethyl cellulose is white or light yellow, tasteless and nontoxic fibrous or powdery solid, has good water retention and bonding capabilities, can be combined more tightly among all components of the middle-layer coating agent, and improves the stability and firmness of the seed coating.
The biomass particles are organic materials and can provide nutrients for seeds during germination and seedling period, and the specific surface area of the powdery composite seed coating agent can be increased by adding the peanut shell powder, the straw powder and the rice bran, so that the specific surface area is larger, and moisture can enter the composite seed coating agent more easily to be combined with a hydrophilic structure. But also is an effective way for recycling agricultural wastes.
The chitosan oligosaccharide is a low molecular weight product with good water solubility, large functional effect and high biological activity. Has a plurality of unique functions of being completely dissolved in water and being easily absorbed and utilized by organisms, and the like. The chitosan oligosaccharide can change soil flora, promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms, induce disease resistance of plants, and produce immunity and killing effect on various fungi, bacteria and viruses.
The polyaspartic acid is a water-soluble bionic polymer, can effectively promote the absorption of plant seedlings on nutrient elements, promote the absorption of plant seedlings on trace elements such as iron, zinc, manganese and the like, promote the growth of seedling root systems and enhance the stress resistance.
Tea saponin glycoside compounds are natural surfactants with good performance. Is an excellent auxiliary agent of water agent or soluble powder, can improve the physical property of the coating agent, improve the adhesive force of the coating agent on the surface of seeds or seedlings, and play a role in enhancing the effect of the coating agent on the seeds.
The pure product of the indoleacetic acid is colorless leaf-shaped crystal or crystalline powder. Can be used as plant growth stimulator, and has effects of promoting seed rooting, and increasing seed germination rate and survival rate.
Humus is a kind of organic matter which is dark brown or brown, amorphous, acidic, hydrophilic and polydisperse. Humus is a complex and relatively stable macromolecular organic compound formed by soil organic matters under the action of microorganisms. Humus is the major constituent of soil organic matter. Generally, the humic compound accounts for 50-70% of the total amount of organic substances, and the main components of the humic compound are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and the like. The humus is not only a main source of soil nutrients, but also has important influence on physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, is one of soil fertility indexes, and has important effects on soil nutrient maintenance, soil structure formation, mineral decomposition promotion and nutrient release.
The fermented manure contains elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by plant growth, so that a large amount of nutrition can be provided for seed germination, organic matters in soil around seeds can be increased and updated, microbial propagation is promoted, the physical and chemical properties and biological activity of the soil are improved, and an excellent environment is provided for the growth of seedling plants in future.
The oyster shell powder not only contains a large amount of calcium carbonate, but also contains trace elements necessary for plant bodies, such as copper, magnesium, potassium, molybdenum, phosphorus, manganese, iron, zinc and the like, provides balanced mineral nutrient elements for seedling growth, and promotes the growth of plants.
The film forming agent plays a role in film forming, so that other components can be smoothly coated on the surface of the seeds. Meanwhile, the adhesive fastness of the active components is obviously improved, the water and wave resistance of the seed coating agent is improved, the coating uniformity of the seeds is improved, and the coating falling rate of the seeds is reduced.
Optionally, the organic-inorganic complex comprises, by weight, 40-60 parts of coastal clay, 20-40 parts of attapulgite clay, 3 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 3-5 parts of biomass particles, 1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.5 part of polyaspartic acid, 4-6 parts of tea saponin, 2-3 parts of indoleacetic acid, 10-15 parts of humus, 1-5 parts of fermented excrement and 1-2 parts of oyster shell powder.
Optionally, the fermented manure is obtained by fermenting one or more of cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure and sheep manure.
Optionally, the film forming agent is polyvinyl alcohol, the concentration of the film forming agent is 0.5% -1%, and the dissolving temperature is above 95 ℃.
A preparation method of coated seeds for restoring saline marsh vegetation in coastal wetlands comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of core coating agent
The seeds are rotated in a turntable with uniform rotating speed, and water mist is sprayed until the surface of each seed is slightly wetted. Mixing the seeds treated in advance with a water-retaining material according to the ratio of 3: 1, mixing and granulating in a rotating disc rotating at a constant speed to form a layer of homogeneous water-retaining material inner core coating on the surface of each seed;
(2) preparation of middle-layer coating agent
After the seeds form a kernel coating, coastal clay, attapulgite clay, hydroxyethyl cellulose, biomass particles, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, tea saponin, indoleacetic acid, humus, fermented excrement and oyster shell powder are mixed according to the weight ratio of 30-40: 40-60: 2: 3-8: 0.5: 0.5: 1-5: 0.5-1.5: 10-15: 1-3: 1-5, mixing the seeds coated with the core coating agent and the mixed organic-inorganic complex according to the proportion of 1: 4, mixing and granulating in a rotating disc rotating at a constant speed, and adjusting the speed of the rotating disc to coat a layer of homogeneous middle-layer coating on the surface of every 3-5 seeds;
(3) preparation of coating agent for casing
Spraying the prepared 0.5-1% film-forming agent on the seeds coated with the middle-layer coating agent in a rotating disc with uniform rotating speed until the surfaces of the seeds become smooth, spreading the prepared coated seeds in a vessel, and drying.
Optionally, in step (3): the drying mode is ventilation and shade drying.
Optionally, the seeds can be selected from any vegetation type with the diameter of more than 5mm in the coastal wetland.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a line graph of daily germination rates of coated seeds of Suaeda salsa seeds manufactured in the example 1 under various salinity stresses (0ppt, 7ppt, 14ppt, 21ppt, 28ppt, 35 ppt).
FIG. 2 is a bar graph comparing the cumulative germination rates of the coated seeds of Suaeda salsa seeds manufactured in the example 1 with those of common Suaeda salsa seeds under various salinity stresses (0ppt, 7ppt, 14ppt, 21ppt, 28ppt, 35 ppt).
Detailed Description
In the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, with reference to examples, in the course of describing the present invention, with respect to related known techniques or structures, detailed description thereof will be omitted if it is considered that the gist of the present invention may be unnecessarily obscured. In addition, the words to be described later are words defined in consideration of functions in the present invention, which may be different according to the intention or the convention of the user or the operator, and should be defined according to the contents of the entire specification of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The invention provides a seed coating agent for restoring saline marsh vegetation in coastal wetlands, which comprises an inner core coating agent, a middle layer coating agent and an outer shell coating agent. Wherein, the core coating agent is a water retention material, the middle coating agent is an organic material, an inorganic material or an organic-inorganic complex, the shell coating agent is a film forming material, and the ratio of the core coating agent, the middle coating agent and the shell coating agent is 15-25: 70-82: 3-5, and preferably, the water-retaining material of the core coating agent is polyacrylamide; the middle layer coating agent comprises the following components; 30-40 parts of coastal clay, 40-60 parts of attapulgite clay, 2 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 3-8 parts of biomass particles, 0.5 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.5 part of polyaspartic acid, 1-5 parts of tea saponin, 0.5-1.5 parts of indoleacetic acid, 10-15 parts of humus, 1-3 parts of fermented excrement and 1-5 parts of oyster shell powder. More preferably, the middle layer coating agent comprises the following components: 40-60 parts of coastal clay, 20-40 parts of attapulgite clay, 3 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 3-5 parts of biomass particles, 1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.5 part of polyaspartic acid, 4-6 parts of tea saponin, 2-3 parts of indoleacetic acid, 10-15 parts of humus, 1-5 parts of fermented excrement and 1-2 parts of oyster shell powder; the shell coating agent is polyvinyl alcohol; the coastal clay is taken from yellow river delta, and the particle number of the coastal clay is 100-300 meshes; the particle number of the attapulgite clay is more than or equal to 200 meshes; the components of the biomass particles comprise: 2 parts of reed powder, 1 part of suaeda salsa powder and 2 parts of corncob powder; the mesh number of the biomass particles is 100-300 meshes; the fermented manure is obtained by fermenting one or more of cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure and sheep manure.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the coated seeds for restoring the saline marsh vegetation in the coastal wetland, which comprises the following steps:
step 101: preparation of core coating agent
Mixing the seeds which are treated in advance and the water-retaining material in a rotating disc which rotates at a constant speed for granulation, so that a layer of homogeneous water-retaining material kernel coating is formed on the surface of each seed.
Before step 101, a step of treating seeds is further included, and the specific manufacturing steps are as follows: the seeds are rotated in a turntable with uniform rotating speed, and water mist is sprayed until the surface of each seed is slightly wetted.
Further, in order to enable the surfaces of the seeds to be coated with the water-retaining material, it is preferable that the mass ratio of the seeds to be coated to the water-retaining material is 3: 1.
step 102: preparation of middle-layer coating agent
Mixing the seeds coated with the core coating agent and the prepared organic-inorganic complex in a rotating disc rotating at a constant speed for granulation, and adjusting the speed of the rotating disc to coat a layer of homogeneous middle-layer coating on the surface of every 3-5 seeds.
Before step 102, the method further comprises the step of manufacturing the organic-inorganic composite material, and the specific manufacturing steps are as follows: mixing coastal clay, attapulgite clay, hydroxyethyl cellulose, biomass particles, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, tea saponin, indoleacetic acid, humus, fermented excrement and oyster shell powder according to the weight ratio of 30-40: 40-60: 2: 3-8: 0.5: 0.5: 1-5: 0.5-1.5: 10-15: 1-3: mixing at a ratio of 1-5.
Preferably, in order to achieve a better coating effect, the mass ratio of the seeds coated with the core coating agent to the organic-inorganic composite material is 1: 4.
step 103: preparation of coating agent for casing
Spraying the prepared film-forming agent on the seeds coated with the middle-layer coating agent in a rotating disc with uniform rotating speed while rotating until the surfaces of the seeds become smooth and mellow, spreading the prepared coated seeds in a utensil, and airing.
Before step 103, a step of configuring a film forming agent is included, and the specific steps include: adding polyvinyl alcohol powder into water with temperature higher than 95 deg.C to obtain 0.5-1% solution.
Preferably, during the drying process, the drying is carried out in a ventilation and shade drying manner so as to prevent active ingredients in the components of the coating agent from being damaged.
Preferably, the seeds can be selected from vegetation types with the diameter of more than 5mm in the coastal wetland.
In the seed coating agent provided by the invention, the water-retaining material has the functions of absorbing and storing water, relieving salt stress in the seed germination process and promoting seed germination and seedling growth.
The coastal clay is used for increasing the quality of the coated seeds, can effectively resist the impact of tide and plays a role in wave prevention; the organic matter contained in the fertilizer provides nutrients for seed germination and seedling growth, provides balanced mineral nutrient elements for seedling growth, and promotes development and growth of root systems in seedling.
Attapulgite clay, also known as palygorskite, is an aqueous magnesium-rich aluminosilicate clay mineral with a chain layered structure, and has a special fiber structure, unusual colloid and adsorption properties. The environment-friendly effect is good, the natural effect is realized, the pollution is avoided, and the seed germination and the growth of bacteria and microorganisms in the seedling stage can be effectively inhibited. Has good water swelling property, and can provide a large amount of air for seed germination while maintaining moisture.
The hydroxyethyl cellulose is white or light yellow, tasteless and nontoxic fibrous or powdery solid, has good water retention and bonding capabilities, can be combined more tightly among all components of the middle-layer coating agent, and improves the stability and firmness of the seed coating.
The biomass particles are organic materials and can provide nutrients for seeds during germination and seedling period, and the specific surface area of the powdery composite seed coating agent can be increased by adding the peanut shell powder, the straw powder and the rice bran, so that the specific surface area is larger, and moisture can enter the composite seed coating agent more easily to be combined with a hydrophilic structure. But also is an effective way for recycling agricultural wastes.
The chitosan oligosaccharide is a low molecular weight product with good water solubility, large functional effect and high biological activity. Has a plurality of unique functions of being completely dissolved in water and being easily absorbed and utilized by organisms, and the like. The chitosan oligosaccharide can change soil flora, promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms, induce disease resistance of plants, and produce immunity and killing effect on various fungi, bacteria and viruses.
The polyaspartic acid is a water-soluble bionic polymer, can effectively promote the absorption of plant seedlings on nutrient elements, promote the absorption of plant seedlings on trace elements such as iron, zinc, manganese and the like, promote the growth of seedling root systems and enhance the stress resistance.
Tea saponin glycoside compounds are natural surfactants with good performance. Is an excellent auxiliary agent of water agent or soluble powder, can improve the physical property of the coating agent, improve the adhesive force of the coating agent on the surface of seeds or seedlings, and play a role in enhancing the effect of the coating agent on the seeds.
The pure product of the indoleacetic acid is colorless leaf-shaped crystal or crystalline powder. Can be used as plant growth stimulator, and has effects of promoting seed rooting, and increasing seed germination rate and survival rate.
Humus is a kind of organic matter which is dark brown or brown, amorphous, acidic, hydrophilic and polydisperse. Humus is a complex and relatively stable macromolecular organic compound formed by soil organic matters under the action of microorganisms. Humus is the major constituent of soil organic matter. Generally, the humic compound accounts for 50-70% of the total amount of organic substances, and the main components of the humic compound are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and the like. The humus is not only a main source of soil nutrients, but also has important influence on physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, is one of soil fertility indexes, and has important effects on soil nutrient maintenance, soil structure formation, mineral decomposition promotion and nutrient release.
The fermented manure contains elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by plant growth, so that a large amount of nutrition can be provided for seed germination, organic matters in soil around seeds can be increased and updated, microbial propagation is promoted, the physical and chemical properties and biological activity of the soil are improved, and an excellent environment is provided for the growth of seedling plants in future.
The oyster shell powder not only contains a large amount of calcium carbonate, but also contains trace elements necessary for plant bodies, such as copper, magnesium, potassium, molybdenum, phosphorus, manganese, iron, zinc and the like, provides balanced mineral nutrient elements for seedling growth, and promotes the growth of plants.
The film forming agent plays a role in film forming, so that other components can be smoothly coated on the surface of the seeds. Meanwhile, the adhesive fastness of the active components is obviously improved, the water and wave resistance of the seed coating agent is improved, the coating uniformity of the seeds is improved, and the coating falling rate of the seeds is reduced. The coated seeds prepared by mixing according to the weight ratio are rapidly settled after absorbing water through the core water-retaining material, and are slowly combined with soil after settling to realize the field planting of the seeds, thereby improving the wind wave impact resistance, reducing the salinity of the surrounding soil while retaining water, promoting the germination of the seeds and obviously improving the survival rate of the seeds and seedlings. The seed coating agent has pertinence and universality, and has the advantages of wave resistance, drought resistance, salt and alkali resistance, nutrition and slow release; meanwhile, the raw material components are all natural components, so that the environment-friendly wetland is environment-friendly and pollution-free, and meets the requirement of coastal wetland ecological restoration.
In addition, the preparation method of the coated seed is simple to operate, low in cost, suitable for large-area popularization, firm and uniform in coating, uniform in coated seed particles, consistent in shape and size and good in flowability.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1: preparation of Suaeda salsa coated seeds
1. Pretreatment of Suaeda salsa seeds:
and (3) placing the seeds in a ventilated place after the seeds are recovered, and removing impurities, dust, dead branches and unsaturated seeds by natural air separation or mechanical air separation after the seeds are completely dried to obtain the suaeda salsa pretreated seeds.
2. Preparing a coating agent:
1) preparing a core coating agent
1-A) crushing the water-retaining material to ensure that the granularity of the water-retaining material is more than or equal to 200 meshes, wherein the water-retaining material is polyacrylamide.
2) Preparing a middle layer coating agent
2-A) respectively pulverizing coastal clay, attapulgite clay, hydroxyethyl cellulose, reed, suaeda salsa, corn cob, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, tea saponin, heteroauxin, humus, fermented excrement and oyster shell powder to obtain coastal clay, attapulgite clay, hydroxyethyl cellulose, reed, suaeda salsa, corn cob, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, tea saponin, heteroauxin, humus, fermented excrement and oyster shell powder with the particle size of more than or equal to 200 meshes.
2-B) uniformly mixing reed powder, suaeda salsa powder and corncob powder to prepare biomass particles for later use, wherein the weight ratio of the reed powder to the suaeda salsa powder to the corncob powder is 2: 1: 2.
2-C) uniformly mixing the coastal clay, the attapulgite clay, the hydroxyethyl cellulose, the biomass particles, the chitosan oligosaccharide, the polyaspartic acid, the tea saponin, the indoleacetic acid, the humus, the fermented excrement and the oyster shell powder to prepare a middle-layer coating agent for later use, wherein the coastal clay, the attapulgite clay, the hydroxyethyl cellulose, the biomass particles, the chitosan oligosaccharide, the polyaspartic acid, the tea saponin, the indoleacetic acid, the humus, the fermented excrement and the oyster shell powder are mixed according to the weight ratio of 30: 45: 2: 4: 0.5: 0.5: 3: 1: 10: 2: 2.
the coastal clay in the present invention is taken from yellow river delta.
3) Configuring a shell film-forming agent
3-A) putting polyvinyl alcohol into water with the temperature higher than 95 ℃, stirring and dissolving to prepare a film forming agent solution, wherein 1g of polyvinyl alcohol is added into every 100ml of water to obtain the film forming agent with the concentration of 1%.
3. Preparation of coated seeds
1) And (3) rotating 100g of seeds in a rotating disc with uniform rotating speed, spraying water mist until the surface of each seed is slightly wet, adding the core coating agent in batches, and cumulatively adding 106g of the core coating agent to form a layer of uniform core coating on the surface of each seed to prepare the core-coated suaeda salsa seeds. Wherein the volume of each water spray is about 3 percent of the weight of the suaeda salsa seeds, namely the volume of each water spray per 100g of the seeds is 3.0 ml; the weight of the inner coating agent added each time was about 106% of the weight of the seeds, i.e., the weight of the inner coating agent added each time was 106g per 100g of the seeds.
2) Slowly adding the middle-layer coating agent in batches, continuously spraying water mist and the middle coating agent, and adjusting the speed of a turntable to coat a layer of homogeneous middle-layer coating on the surface of every 3-5 seeds to obtain the suaeda salsa seeds with the middle-layer coating. Wherein the volume of each water spray is about 6 percent of the weight of the suaeda salsa seeds, namely the volume of each water spray per 100g of the seeds is 6.0 ml; the weight of the middle layer coating agent added per cumulative addition was about 400% of the weight of the seeds, i.e., 400g of the middle layer coating agent was added per 100g of the seeds.
3) And (3) spraying the prepared 1% film-forming agent on the seeds coated with the middle-layer coating agent in a rotating disc with uniform rotating speed while rotating until the surfaces of the seeds become smooth and mellow, taking out the prepared coated seeds, standing and airing to obtain the coated seeds. The volume of the sprayed film forming agent is about 27% of that of the suaeda salsa seeds, namely, the volume of the sprayed film forming agent is 27ml per 100g of seeds.
Example 2: preparation of Suaeda salsa coated seeds
1. Pretreatment of Suaeda salsa seeds:
and (3) placing the seeds in a ventilated place after the seeds are recovered, and removing impurities, dust, dead branches and unsaturated seeds by natural air separation or mechanical air separation after the seeds are completely dried to obtain the suaeda salsa pretreated seeds.
2. Preparing a coating agent:
1) preparing a core coating agent
1-A) crushing the water-retaining material to ensure that the granularity of the water-retaining material is more than or equal to 200 meshes, wherein the water-retaining material is polyacrylamide.
2) Preparing a middle layer coating agent
2-A) respectively pulverizing coastal clay, attapulgite clay, hydroxyethyl cellulose, reed, suaeda salsa, corn cob, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, tea saponin, heteroauxin, humus, fermented excrement and oyster shell powder to obtain coastal clay, attapulgite clay, hydroxyethyl cellulose, reed, suaeda salsa, corn cob, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, tea saponin, heteroauxin, humus, fermented excrement and oyster shell powder with the particle size of more than or equal to 200 meshes.
2-B) uniformly mixing reed powder, suaeda salsa powder and corncob powder to prepare biomass particles for later use, wherein the weight ratio of the reed powder to the suaeda salsa powder to the corncob powder is 2: 1: 2.
2-C) uniformly mixing the coastal clay, the attapulgite clay, hydroxyethyl cellulose, biomass particles, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, tea saponin, indoleacetic acid, humus, fermented excrement and oyster shell powder to prepare a middle-layer coating agent for later use, wherein the weight ratio of the coastal clay, the attapulgite clay, the hydroxyethyl cellulose, the biomass particles, the chitosan oligosaccharide, the polyaspartic acid, the tea saponin, the indoleacetic acid, the humus, the fermented excrement and the oyster shell powder is 35: 40: 3: 3: 0.5: 0.5: 3.5: 0.5: 8: 4: 2.
the coastal clay in the present invention is taken from yellow river delta.
3) Configuring a shell film-forming agent
3-A) putting polyvinyl alcohol into water with the temperature higher than 95 ℃, stirring and dissolving to prepare a film forming agent solution, wherein 0.5g of polyvinyl alcohol is added into every 100ml of water to obtain the film forming agent with the concentration of 0.5%.
3. Preparation of coated seeds
1) And (3) rotating 100g of seeds in a rotating disc with uniform rotating speed, spraying water mist until the surface of each seed is slightly wet, adding the core coating agent in batches, and adding 75g of accumulated core coating agent to form a layer of uniform core coating on the surface of each seed to prepare the core-coated suaeda salsa seeds. Wherein the volume of each water spray is about 3 percent of the weight of the suaeda salsa seeds, namely the volume of each water spray per 100g of the seeds is 3.0 ml; the weight of the inner coating agent added each time was about 106% of the weight of the seeds, i.e., the weight of the inner coating agent added each time was 75g per 100g of the seeds.
2) Slowly adding the middle-layer coating agent in batches, continuously spraying water mist and the middle coating agent, and adjusting the speed of a turntable to coat a layer of homogeneous middle-layer coating on the surface of every 3-5 seeds to obtain the suaeda salsa seeds with the middle-layer coating. Wherein the volume of each water spray is about 10 percent of the weight of the suaeda salsa seeds, namely the volume of each water spray per 100g of the seeds is 10.0 ml; the weight of the middle layer coating agent added per cumulative addition was about 400% of the weight of the seeds, i.e., 400g of the middle layer coating agent was added per 100g of the seeds.
3) And (3) spraying the prepared 0.5% film-forming agent on the seeds coated with the middle-layer coating agent in a rotating disc with uniform rotating speed while rotating until the surfaces of the seeds become smooth and mellow, taking out the prepared coated seeds, standing and airing to obtain the coated seeds. The volume of the sprayed film forming agent is about 25% of that of the suaeda salsa seeds, namely, the volume of the sprayed film forming agent is 25ml per 100g of seeds.
Example 3: preparation of Suaeda salsa coated seeds
1. Pretreatment of Suaeda salsa seeds:
and (3) placing the seeds in a ventilated place after the seeds are recovered, and removing impurities, dust, dead branches and unsaturated seeds by natural air separation or mechanical air separation after the seeds are completely dried to obtain the suaeda salsa pretreated seeds.
2. Preparing a coating agent:
1) preparing a core coating agent
1-A) crushing the water-retaining material to ensure that the granularity of the water-retaining material is more than or equal to 200 meshes, wherein the water-retaining material is polyacrylamide.
2) Preparing a middle layer coating agent
2-A) respectively pulverizing coastal clay, attapulgite clay, hydroxyethyl cellulose, reed, suaeda salsa, corn cob, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, tea saponin, heteroauxin, humus, fermented excrement and oyster shell powder to obtain coastal clay, attapulgite clay, hydroxyethyl cellulose, reed, suaeda salsa, corn cob, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, tea saponin, heteroauxin, humus, fermented excrement and oyster shell powder with the particle size of more than or equal to 200 meshes.
2-B) uniformly mixing reed powder, suaeda salsa powder and corncob powder to prepare biomass particles for later use, wherein the weight ratio of the reed powder to the suaeda salsa powder to the corncob powder is 2: 1: 2.
2-C) uniformly mixing the coastal clay, the attapulgite clay, hydroxyethyl cellulose, biomass particles, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, tea saponin, indoleacetic acid, humus, fermented excrement and oyster shell powder to prepare a middle-layer coating agent for later use, wherein the weight ratio of the coastal clay, the attapulgite clay, the hydroxyethyl cellulose, the biomass particles, the chitosan oligosaccharide, the polyaspartic acid, the tea saponin, the indoleacetic acid, the humus, the fermented excrement and the oyster shell powder is 50: 25: 3: 4: 0.5: 0.5: 3.5: 0.5: 7: 5: 1.
the coastal clay in the present invention is taken from yellow river delta.
3) Configuring a shell film-forming agent
3-A) putting polyvinyl alcohol into water with the temperature higher than 95 ℃, stirring and dissolving to prepare a film forming agent solution, wherein 0.8g of polyvinyl alcohol is added into every 100ml of water to obtain the film forming agent with the concentration of 0.8%.
3. Preparation of coated seeds
1) And (3) rotating 100g of seeds in a rotating disc with uniform rotating speed, spraying water mist until the surface of each seed is slightly wet, adding the core coating agent in batches, and cumulatively adding 94g of core coating agent to form a layer of uniform core coating on the surface of each seed to prepare the core-coated suaeda salsa seeds. Wherein the volume of each water spray is about 3 percent of the weight of the suaeda salsa seeds, namely the volume of each water spray per 100g of the seeds is 3.0 ml; the weight of the inner coating agent added each time was about 94% of the weight of the seeds, i.e., the weight of the inner coating agent added each time was 94g per 100g of the seeds.
2) Slowly adding the middle-layer coating agent in batches, continuously spraying water mist and the middle coating agent, and adjusting the speed of a turntable to coat a layer of homogeneous middle-layer coating on the surface of every 3-5 seeds to obtain the suaeda salsa seeds with the middle-layer coating. Wherein the volume of each water spray is about 8 percent of the weight of the suaeda salsa seeds, namely the volume of each water spray per 100g of the seeds is 8.0 ml; the weight of the middle layer coating agent added per cumulative addition was about 400% of the weight of the seeds, i.e., 400g of the middle layer coating agent was added per 100g of the seeds.
3) And (3) spraying the prepared 0.5% film-forming agent on the seeds coated with the middle-layer coating agent in a rotating disc with uniform rotating speed while rotating until the surfaces of the seeds become smooth and mellow, taking out the prepared coated seeds, standing and airing to obtain the coated seeds. The volume of the sprayed film forming agent is about 30% of that of the suaeda salsa seeds, namely, the volume of the film forming agent sprayed in each 100g of seeds is 30 ml.
Test examples
Test example 1: morphology observation of suaeda salsa coated seeds
25 coated seeds were randomly selected, and the external morphology of the coated seeds was observed by a stereomicroscope (LEICA EZ4D) and the diameters thereof were measured. The weight of the seeds was 1 group of 5 grains, weighed with an electronic balance (Sartorius BS210S, accurate to 0.0001g) and the data was recorded for 5 replicates and 5 grain weights of the coated seeds were calculated.
In this test, Suaeda salsa seeds according to the invention example 1 were used.
The results are shown in [ table 1], and the test results show that:
1. the volume and weight of the packed coated seeds are much different from those of the naked seeds.
2. The diameter difference between the packed coated seeds and the naked seeds is obvious (P is less than 0.05), and the diameter of the coated seeds is 2-3 times of that of the naked seeds.
The weight of five grains of the packed coated seeds is obviously larger than that of naked seeds (P is less than 0.05), and the weight of five grains of the coated seeds is increased by 400-500 times compared with that of the naked seeds.
[ Table 1]
| Coated seed types | Diameter of product | 5 grains weight |
| Coated seed | 6.38±0.6512a | 0.8881±0.1559b |
| Naked seed | 2.68±0.2658b | 0.0020±0.0008c |
Test example 2: suaeda salsa coated seed water absorption rate test
Weighing 5 coated seeds and 5 naked seeds in a beaker, setting three groups of repetition, adding sufficient 25pptNaCl solution (simulated seawater) to ensure that the seeds fully absorb water to balance, filtering the seeds for 30 minutes by using a 500-mesh filter screen until no water drops fall, then weighing the seeds in containers such as a culture dish, and calculating the water absorption rate according to the result.
In this test, Suaeda salsa seeds according to the invention example 1 were used.
The results are shown in table 2, and the test results show that:
the 25pptNaCl solution (simulated seawater) absorption rate of the packed coated seeds is obviously greater than that of naked seeds and is 20-30 times of that of the naked seeds.
[ Table 2]
| Coated seed types | Water absorption Rate (g/g) |
| Coated seed | 2.9 |
| Naked seed | 0.13 |
Test example 3: suaeda salsa coated seed average sedimentation rate test
And (3) placing the coated seeds and the naked seeds which have saturated water absorption into a beaker, then placing the beaker into a constant-temperature drying oven, weighing the beaker once every 1 hour at the set temperature of 25 ℃, ending the test until the weighing results of 3 times are consistent, and recording the required time.
In this test, Suaeda salsa seeds according to the invention example 1 were used.
The results are shown in table 3, and the test results show that:
the water retention duration time of the packed coated seeds at 25 ℃ after the coated seeds are saturated by water absorption is obviously longer than that of naked seeds and can reach 9 hours, so that the water stress of coastal tidal flat tide intermittence is relieved.
[ Table 3]
| Coated seed types | Duration of Water retention (h) |
| Coated seed | 9 |
| Naked seed | 1 |
Test example 4: indoor simulated germination test for suaeda salsa coated seeds
Taking full and low-tide beach suaeda salsa seeds, disinfecting the surfaces of the full and low-tide beach suaeda salsa seeds for 8 minutes by using 0.1 percent potassium permanganate solution, washing the seeds for 3 times by using deionized water, and soaking the seeds at normal temperature for accelerating germination for 6 hours. Two treatments were set up for the experiment, respectively: naked seeds and packaged suaeda salsa seeds, and each treatment is repeated by 5 groups. 2 pieces of filter paper (diameter about 6cm) are cut and placed in a culture dish, a proper amount of saline (divided into six salinity gradients of 0ppt, 7ppt, 14ppt, 21ppt, 28ppt and 35ppt) is added, the culture dish is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees in depth, water can not overflow, the condition required by germination of the seeds is provided, 100 seeds are placed in each culture dish, 12-hour illumination/12-hour darkness alternate culture is carried out, and a cover of the culture dish is covered during culture to reduce water loss. The number of sprouts was recorded at 6 pm every day, and the germination was regarded as about 2mm after the radicle appeared, and the experiment was terminated after 10 days of continuous culture until no seed germination was found for 3 consecutive days.
In this test, Suaeda salsa seeds according to the invention example 1 were used.
The results are shown in fig. 1 and 2, and the test results show that:
1. the germination rates of the packaged coated seeds were not significantly different (P < 0.05) at each salinity stress (0ppt, 7ppt, 14ppt, 21ppt, 28ppt, 35ppt), indicating that the coated seeds had good salt tolerance.
2. The germination rate of the packaged coated seeds is obviously greater than that of naked seeds (P < 0.05) under various salinity stresses (0ppt, 7ppt, 14ppt, 21ppt, 28ppt and 35ppt), and the coated seeds have obvious promotion effect on the germination of the suaeda salsa seeds.
Test example 5: suaeda salsa coated seed suspension-settlement test
1. Flotation experiments two 0.5L Erlenmeyer flasks were selected, to which 450ml of deionized water and 11.25g of sodium chloride were added and stirred with a glass rod to achieve a typical yellow river mouth seawater salinity (25 PPT). Each flask was placed with 30 treated coated seeds and the time to onset of sinking of each coated seed was recorded until the coated seeds in the flask completely settled.
2. The sedimentation experiments were carried out in a vertical glass measuring cylinder of 0.15 m diameter and 1.5 m height, which was filled with a NaCl solution with a salinity of 25 ppt. And coordinate paper is attached to the outer wall of the measuring cylinder to record the settlement distance, and a high-definition camera is adopted to record the settlement process. In each experiment, the coated seeds are put from the water surface to remove the influence of surface tension, the time required for the coated seeds to sink to complete sedimentation is measured, 20 times of the test are carried out on each coated seed, the NaCl solution in the measuring cylinder is replaced again after each group of coated seeds is tested to remove the influence of the coated seeds on the salinity of the solution, and the average sedimentation speed is calculated.
In this test, Suaeda salsa seeds according to the invention example 1 were used.
The results are shown in [ table 4] and [ table 5], and the test results show that:
1. the suspension time and average sedimentation rate of the packaged coated seeds in 25pptNaCl solution (simulated seawater) were significantly different compared to the naked seeds, indicating that the coated seeds enhanced the potential of the seeds to resist hydrodynamic interference.
2. The suspension time of the packed coated seeds in 25pptNaCl solution (simulated seawater) was 0, while the naked seeds still failed to settle within 12 hours.
3. The average sedimentation rate of the packed coated seeds in 25pptNaCl solution (simulated seawater) is significantly greater than that of the naked seeds, and is about 2 times that of the naked seeds.
[ Table 4]
| Coated seed types | Suspension time (h) |
| |
0 |
| Naked seed | No sedimentation within 12 hours |
[ Table 5]
| Coated seed types | Average sedimentation velocity (cm/s) |
| Coated seed | 6.35 |
| Naked seed | 2.85 |
Claims (9)
1. A seed coating agent for restoring saline marsh vegetation in coastal wetlands comprises an inner core coating agent, a middle layer coating agent and an outer shell coating agent, and is characterized in that: the core coating agent is water-retaining material polyacrylamide, the middle coating agent is an organic-inorganic complex and consists of coastal clay, attapulgite clay, hydroxyethyl cellulose, biomass particles, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, tea saponin, indoleacetic acid, humus, fermented excrement and oyster shell powder, and the weight ratio of the components is 30-40: 40-60: 2: 3-8: 0.5: 0.5: 1-5: 0.5-1.5: 10-15: 1-3: 1-5, coating agent of the shell is film-forming material polyvinyl alcohol, and the prepared coated seeds are in the shape of uniform-sized pills; wherein the biomass particles are prepared from reed powder, suaeda salsa powder and corncob powder according to the weight ratio of 2: 1: 2, mixing;
wherein, the weight ratio of the inner core, the middle layer and the shell is 15-25: 70-82: 3-5.
2. The coating agent of claim 1, wherein: the mesh number of the coastal clay is 100-300 meshes.
3. The coating agent of claim 1, wherein: the mesh number of the attapulgite clay is more than or equal to 200 meshes.
4. The coating agent of claim 1, wherein: the mesh number of the reed powder, the suaeda glauca powder and the corncob powder contained in the biomass particles is 100-300 meshes.
5. The coating agent of claim 1, wherein: the fermented manure is obtained by fermenting one or more of cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure and sheep manure.
6. A preparation method of coated seeds for restoring saline marsh vegetation in coastal wetlands comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of core coating agent
With the seed in the even carousel of rotational speed, the limit is rotatory, the limit water spray to every seed surface slightly wet can, the seed and the water retention material that will handle in advance are according to 3: 1, mixing and granulating in a rotating disc rotating at a constant speed to form a layer of homogeneous water-retaining material inner core coating on the surface of each seed;
(2) preparation of middle-layer coating agent
After the seeds form a kernel coating, coastal clay, attapulgite clay, hydroxyethyl cellulose, biomass particles, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, tea saponin, indoleacetic acid, humus, fermented excrement and oyster shell powder are mixed according to the weight ratio of 30-40: 40-60: 2: 3-8: 0.5: 0.5: 1-5: 0.5-1.5: 10-15: 1-3: 1-5, mixing the seeds coated with the core coating agent and the mixed organic-inorganic complex according to the proportion of 1: 4, mixing and granulating in a rotating disc rotating at a constant speed, and adjusting the speed of the rotating disc to coat a layer of homogeneous middle-layer coating on the surface of every 3-5 seeds;
(3) preparation of coating agent for casing
Spraying the prepared 0.5-1% film-forming agent on the seeds coated with the middle-layer coating agent in a rotating disc with uniform rotating speed until the surfaces of the seeds become smooth, spreading the prepared coated seeds in a vessel, and drying.
7. The method for preparing the coated seeds for remedying the saline marsh vegetation in the coastal wetland according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step (3): the drying mode is ventilation and shade drying.
8. The method for preparing the coated seed for remediating saltwater vegetation in coastal wetlands according to claim 6, wherein the seed is selected from any vegetation type with a seed diameter of 5mm or more in coastal wetlands.
9. The method for preparing the coated seed for remediating saline marsh vegetation in coastal wetlands according to claim 6, wherein the film forming agent is polyvinyl alcohol, the concentration of the film forming agent is 0.5 to 1 percent, and the dissolution temperature is more than 95 ℃.
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| CN110586645B (en) * | 2019-10-26 | 2022-04-05 | 闫娜 | Heavy metal contaminated soil remediation agent suitable for acidic farmland soil |
| CN112970377A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-06-18 | 上海沐瑛生态科技有限公司 | Scirpus marianus pelleted seed suitable for mudflat direct seeding and pelleting method thereof |
| CN113273408A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-20 | 湖南省水稻研究所 | Seed structure and seedling raising method |
| CN113383622A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-14 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Coating agent for improving germination rate of purslane seeds and use method thereof |
| CN114798717A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-29 | 清华大学天津高端装备研究院 | Petroleum-polluted soil restoration plant seed coat structure and preparation process |
| CN115005087A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-09-06 | 中印恒盛(北京)贸易有限公司 | Planting mode and growth material for ocean seeding |
| CN115735475A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-03-07 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Auxiliary material of aquatic plant seed product and preparation method and application of seed product |
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