CN115735475A - Auxiliary material of aquatic plant seed product and preparation method and application of seed product - Google Patents
Auxiliary material of aquatic plant seed product and preparation method and application of seed product Download PDFInfo
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- CN115735475A CN115735475A CN202211092353.XA CN202211092353A CN115735475A CN 115735475 A CN115735475 A CN 115735475A CN 202211092353 A CN202211092353 A CN 202211092353A CN 115735475 A CN115735475 A CN 115735475A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic wetland plant population and community restoration, in particular to an auxiliary material for an aquatic plant seed product, a preparation method and application of the seed product. The auxiliary material for the seed product comprises an organic composite inner core, a weight-increasing material wrapped on the surface of the organic composite inner core, and a film-forming material wrapped on the surface of the weight-increasing material; the organic composite inner core comprises attapulgite, plant materials, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, zeolite, biochar, polyacrylamide, fulvic acid and fermented manure. The auxiliary seed material provided by the invention can resist the interference of a hydrological environment on the sexual propagules of the aquatic plants and the erosion of hydrodynamic force on the sexual propagules of the aquatic plants, has high seed germination rate, and can be applied to large-scale restoration demonstration and application practice of reconstruction of different aquatic plant populations.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic wetland plant population and community restoration, in particular to an auxiliary material for an aquatic plant seed product, a preparation method and application of the seed product.
Background
Aquatic ecosystems (aquatics) are composed of a body of water and animals, aquatic plants and other organisms that depend on the environment of the body of water.
Aquatic plants play an important role in aquatic ecosystems as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, such as: providing foraging sources and places for other animals, fixing carbon and nitrogen, purifying water, releasing oxygen, stabilizing sediment substrate, capturing suspended sediment and the like. Due to the existence of flowing water bodies with different flow rates and water level submerging gradients, a large number of aquatic plant species and communities with considerable variety and quantity are distributed in the aquatic ecosystem. Currently, due to factors such as hydrological condition variation, water eutrophication and pollution, human activity invasion and interference, global change and the like, large-area atrophy, fragmentation and degradation trends of aquatic plant populations and biotopes occur.
The method for restoring aquatic plant populations and communities mainly comprises the following two methods: one is as follows: the method has the advantages that a large amount of seedling individuals or adult plant germplasm is needed, the cost is high, and the restoration method has great limitation on wetland species mainly based on sexual reproduction. The second step is as follows: mature plants and/or seeds are transplanted into previously vegetated areas for the restoration of aquatic plants, which is currently the most common method of restoration and uses different planting methods depending on the different restoration target species, such as: seeds are directly sown or seedlings are manually transplanted, seedling plants need to be directly transplanted into soil or bottom mud for manually transplanting the seedlings, the construction difficulty is high, the cost is high, and the survival rate is unstable; compared with transplanting seedlings, the direct seed sowing method is simple in construction and low in cost, but is easily interfered by a complex hydrological environment and eroded by hydrodynamic force, so that the seed germination rate is low, and the repair effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an auxiliary material for an aquatic plant seed product, a preparation method and an application of the seed product, the auxiliary material for the seed product provided by the invention can resist the interference of a hydrological environment on an aquatic plant sexual propagule and the damage and interference of hydrodynamic force on an aquatic plant sexual propagule bank, and the seed germination rate is high.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an auxiliary material for a seed product of an aquatic plant, which comprises an organic composite kernel, a weight-increasing material and a film-forming material, wherein the weight-increasing material is wrapped on the surface of the organic composite kernel;
the organic composite inner core comprises attapulgite, plant materials, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, zeolite, biochar, polyacrylamide, fulvic acid and fermented manure.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the organic composite core to the weight material to the film-forming material is (60-85) to (3-6) to (0.5-1).
Preferably, the organic composite inner core comprises, by mass, 20-30 parts of attapulgite, 11-20 parts of plant material, 0.2-0.5 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.1-0.5 part of polyaspartic acid, 1-5 parts of zeolite, 1-5 parts of charcoal, 0.5-5 parts of polyacrylamide, 0.1-0.2 part of fulvic acid and 1-5 parts of fermented manure.
Preferably, the weight increasing material comprises one or more of peat, loam and clay.
Preferably, the weight-increasing material comprises peat, loam and clay, and the mass ratio of the peat to the loam to the clay is (1-5) to (1-10).
Preferably, the film-forming material comprises one or more of hydroxyethylcellulose, polyacrylic resin, cellulose acetate and polyvinyl alcohol.
The invention provides an aquatic plant seed product, which comprises a plurality of aquatic plant sexual propagules and seed product auxiliary materials, wherein the seed product auxiliary materials are auxiliary materials of the aquatic plant seed product in the technical scheme;
the aquatic plant sexual propagules and the organic composite inner core of the auxiliary material of the aquatic plant seed product form an aquatic plant seed product inner core.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the aquatic plant sexual propagule to the organic composite inner core is (4-6) to (12-17);
the shape of the aquatic plant seed product is spherical or polygonal, and the particle size of the spherical aquatic plant seed product is 0.3-0.8 cm.
The invention provides a preparation method of the aquatic plant seed product in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
spreading an organic composite material on the surface of the aquatic plant sexual propagule coated with the adhesive to form an aquatic plant seed product inner core, wherein the organic composite material comprises attapulgite, plant material, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, zeolite, biochar, polyacrylamide, fulvic acid and fermented manure;
spreading the weight-increasing material on the surface of the inner core of the aquatic plant seed product coated with the adhesive to form a semi-finished aquatic plant seed product;
and coating the surface of the semi-finished product of the aquatic plant seed product with a film forming material solution to obtain the aquatic plant seed product.
The invention provides an application of the aquatic plant seed product in the technical scheme or the aquatic plant seed product prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in aquatic plant population and community restoration.
The invention provides an auxiliary material of an aquatic plant seed product, which comprises an organic composite kernel, a weight-increasing material and a film-forming material, wherein the weight-increasing material is wrapped on the surface of the organic composite kernel; the organic composite inner core comprises attapulgite, plant materials, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, zeolite, biochar, polyacrylamide, fulvic acid and fermented manure. In the auxiliary material of the aquatic plant seed product, the organic composite kernel provides nutrition and oxygen for the initial germination stage of the sexual propagules of the aquatic plants, so that the germination rate is improved; specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the attapulgite is an aqueous magnesium-aluminum-rich silicate clay mineral with a chain lamellar structure, and can inhibit the growth of bacteria and microorganisms in a seed germination period; the plant material has natural and good air permeability, can improve the oxygen content in the aquatic plant seed product, provides an oxygen condition for the germination of the aquatic plant sexual propagules, and can be effectively and better combined with the soil condition, and fine silt in the soil enters a gap to firmly hold the soil and prevent the interference and the damage of hydrodynamic force; the chitosan oligosaccharide is completely dissolved in water, is easily absorbed and utilized by the sexual propagation body of the aquatic plant, can change the soil flora, promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms, can induce the disease resistance of the plant, and has the effects of immunizing and killing various fungi, bacteria and viruses; the polyaspartic acid has a chelating effect on metal ions, can enrich nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements to supply to the sexual propagules of the aquatic plants, promotes the absorption of the trace elements by plant seedlings, promotes the growth of the root systems of the seedlings and enhances the stress resistance; the zeolite has good ion exchange performance and a unique porous structure, can enhance the ion exchange of soil and improve the capability of the soil for keeping nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium and the like; the biochar can directly input nutrient elements into soil, and surface charges and functional groups of the biochar are beneficial to the reservation of soil nutrients, so that favorable conditions are created for the germination and growth of the aquatic plant sexual propagules; the fermented manure is used as an organic fertilizer, so that the nutrition supply of the aquatic plant at the late germination stage and the seedling planting stage of the sexual propagule can be effectively increased, and the rapid growth of the aquatic plant is facilitated; the polyacrylamide can retain water, thicken and fertility and enhance the bonding strength of the aquatic plant seed product with the sediment and water in a water body environment; the fulvic acid can promote nutrient absorption of seedlings, improve root activity, promote plant growth, improve plant stress resistance and promote plant seedling and plant growth. The weight-increasing material can improve the density of aquatic plant seed products, ensures that the aquatic plant seed products are rapidly settled under complex hydrological conditions, prevents the damage of aquatic plant sexual propagules caused by biological action or hydrodynamic interference, and can enable the roots of the germinated aquatic plant sexual propagules to be smoothly and rapidly planted in soil sediment. The film forming material effectively and firmly adheres the aquatic plant sexual propagules, the organic composite material and the weight increasing material, prevents the aquatic plant sexual propagules from falling off and losing, and improves the grounding and stabilizing efficiency of aquatic plant seed products.
The invention provides an aquatic plant seed product, which comprises a plurality of aquatic plant sexual propagules and seed product auxiliary materials, wherein the seed product auxiliary materials are auxiliary materials of the aquatic plant seed product in the technical scheme; the aquatic plant sexual propagules and the organic composite inner core of the auxiliary material of the aquatic plant seed product form an aquatic plant seed product inner core. According to the aquatic plant seed product provided by the invention, the 'embryo to be developed' is formed by the seed product kernel, the weight material wrapped on the surface of the seed product kernel and the film forming material wrapped on the surface of the weight material, after the embryo to be developed enters a water body environment, the embryo to be developed is accelerated to sink under the action of gravity, after the embryo falls to the ground, water enters the interior of the aquatic plant seed product through the film forming agent film, the organic composite material and the weight material in the interior can absorb water rapidly, an aquatic plant sexual propagule can be positioned in a micro water tank, the germination of the aquatic plant sexual propagule and the growth of a root system are promoted, and therefore, the aquatic plant seed product provided by the invention can resist the interference of a hydrological environment and the erosion of hydrodynamic force, and the seed germination rate is high.
The aquatic plant seed product provided by the invention can be suitable for various hydrological environments, and has the advantages of overcoming the defects of insufficient water content, oligotrophy and the like caused by hydrodynamic force erosion and periodic water shortage. After the aquatic plant seed product disclosed by the invention lands on the ground, the aquatic plant seed product can be physically bonded with the sediment or the soil surface, so that the capability of resisting hydrodynamic interference is improved. The aquatic plant seed product provided by the invention is suitable for large-area aerial seeding or water surface operation seeding, can be popularized in a marketized mode and produced in a standardized mode, and has great universality and popularization value.
The invention provides a preparation method of the aquatic plant seed product in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps: applying an organic composite material on the surface of the sexual propagation body of the aquatic plant to form an inner core of an aquatic plant seed product, wherein the organic composite material comprises attapulgite, plant material, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, zeolite, biochar, polyacrylamide, fulvic acid and fermented manure; spreading the weight-increasing material on the surface of the inner core of the aquatic plant seed product coated with the adhesive to form a semi-finished aquatic plant seed product; and coating the surface of the semi-finished product of the aquatic plant seed product with a film forming material solution to obtain the aquatic plant seed product. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple, easy to operate, suitable for various species, low in cost, suitable for large-area aquatic plant population reconstruction and capable of being used as an ecological product for ecological restoration.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an aquatic plant seed product prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a pictorial representation of an aquatic plant seed product made in accordance with example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an auxiliary material of an aquatic plant seed product, which comprises an organic composite kernel, a weight-increasing material and a film-forming material, wherein the weight-increasing material is wrapped on the surface of the organic composite kernel;
the organic composite inner core comprises attapulgite, plant materials, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, zeolite, biochar, polyacrylamide, fulvic acid and fermented manure.
The auxiliary material of the aquatic plant seed product provided by the invention comprises an organic composite inner core, wherein the organic composite inner core comprises attapulgite, plant material, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, zeolite, biochar, polyacrylamide, fulvic acid and fermented manure.
In the invention, the organic composite material preferably comprises, by mass, 20-30 parts of attapulgite, 11-20 parts of plant material, 0.2-0.5 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.1-0.5 part of polyaspartic acid, 1-5 parts of zeolite, 1-5 parts of charcoal, 0.5-5 parts of polyacrylamide, 0.1-0.2 part of fulvic acid and 1-5 parts of fermented manure.
In the invention, the organic composite material preferably comprises 20 to 30 parts by weight of attapulgite, and more preferably 22.5 to 25 parts by weight. In the present invention, the particle size of the attapulgite is preferably 75 μm or less, more preferably 85 μm or less. In the invention, the attapulgite is an aqueous magnesium-rich aluminosilicate clay mineral with a chain layered structure, has certain thickening and bonding properties, good environmental protection performance, is natural and pollution-free, and can effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria and microorganisms in a seed germination period.
Based on the mass parts of the attapulgite, the organic composite material preferably comprises 11-20 parts of plant material, and more preferably 12-28 parts. In the present invention, the particle size of the plant material is preferably 0.15mm or less, more preferably 0.1mm or less. In the present invention, the plant material preferably comprises plant straw material and/or aquatic plant fiber material, more preferably comprises plant straw material and aquatic plant fiber material, and the mass ratio of the plant straw material to the aquatic plant fiber material is preferably (10-15): 1-5), more preferably (11-13.5): 1.5-3.
In the present invention, the plant straw material preferably comprises one or more of reed straw, rice straw, corn straw and spartina alterniflora straw, and more preferably comprises reed straw, rice straw and corn straw, and the mass ratio of the reed straw, the rice straw and the corn straw is preferably 1.
In the invention, the plant straw material has natural and good air permeability, can improve the oxygen content in the aquatic plant seed product, provides necessary conditions for the germination of the aquatic plant seed product, and is a natural green material because the plant straw material is convenient to degrade.
In the present invention, the aquatic plant fiber material preferably includes cattail fiber, reed fiber or amur silvergrass fiber.
According to the invention, on one hand, the porosity of the seed environment can be increased by the aquatic plant fiber, so that an oxygen condition is provided for the germination of the aquatic plant seed product, on the other hand, the aquatic plant fiber material can be effectively and better combined with soil, and fine silt in the soil enters the gap to firmly hold the soil and prevent hydrodynamic interference and damage.
Based on the mass portion of the attapulgite, the organic composite material preferably comprises 0.2-0.5 portion of chitosan oligosaccharide, and more preferably 0.25-0.4 portion.
In the present invention, the chitosan oligosaccharide has a function of being completely soluble in water and easily absorbed and utilized by a living body. The chitosan oligosaccharide can change soil flora, promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms, induce disease resistance of plants, and produce immunity and killing effect on various fungi, bacteria and viruses.
The organic composite material preferably comprises 0.1-0.5 part of polyaspartic acid, more preferably 0.25-0.35 part of attapulgite by mass.
In the present invention, the polyaspartic acid can be a fertilizer synergist. The polyaspartic acid has a chelating effect on metal ions, and can enrich nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements to be supplied to plants, so that the plants can more effectively utilize fertilizers, and the yield and the quality of crops are improved. The addition of polyaspartic acid can improve crop yield and soil quality.
The organic composite material preferably comprises 1-5 parts of zeolite, and more preferably 1.5-4 parts of attapulgite by mass. In the present invention, the particle size of the zeolite is preferably 75 μm or less, more preferably 63 μm or less.
In the invention, the zeolite has good ion exchange performance and a porous structure, can enhance the ion exchange of soil, improve the capability of the soil for keeping nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium and the like, and can keep fertility without loss or with little loss.
Based on the mass portion of the attapulgite, the organic composite material preferably comprises 1-5 parts of biochar, and more preferably 1.5-3 parts. In the present invention, the particle size of the biomass is preferably 0.15mm or less, more preferably 0.125mm or less.
In the invention, the biochar is preferably a porous material processed by plant roots, stems, leaves or plant straws under high temperature and oxygen deficiency, and is a soil conditioner which has obvious improvement effect on physical and chemical properties of soil. The porous characteristic and the specific surface area of the composite material are beneficial to soil moisture accumulation, the porosity is improved, and the volume weight is reduced, so that a good environment is provided for the growth of wetland plants in the later period. Meanwhile, the biochar is an ideal modifier for acid soil, nutrient elements contained in the biochar can be directly input into the soil, and surface charges and functional groups of the biochar are beneficial to the preservation of soil nutrients.
Based on the mass portion of the attapulgite, the organic composite material preferably comprises 0.5-5 parts of polyacrylamide, and more preferably 1-3 parts.
In the invention, the polyacrylamide is a linear high molecular polymer, can be dissolved in water in any proportion, the aqueous solution is uniform and transparent liquid, has the functions of water retention, thickening, fertility retention and water and soil retention, and enhances the bonding strength of the seed product with the sediment and the water in the water environment. The polyacrylamide has water absorption, and is a better soil conditioner while being used as a water retention agent. After being dissolved in water, the negative charges on the colloid molecules adsorb soil particles, so that the soil particles are concentrated around linear molecules, and the soil structure is stabilized. The adhesive has the characteristic of adhesive, so that suspended soil particles are rapidly agglomerated; the water infiltration property is improved, the fertilizer loss is reduced, and seeds, fertilizers, wood fiber coverings and the like can be used in a compounding way.
Based on the weight portion of the attapulgite, the organic composite material preferably comprises 0.1-0.2 portion of fulvic acid, and more preferably 0.12-0.15 portion.
In the present invention, the fulvic acid is preferably a relatively small, readily water soluble component extracted from weathered coal, peat or lignite. The fulvic acid is brown black amorphous powder in appearance, is odorless and nontoxic, can be easily absorbed and utilized by plants, can promote nutrient absorption of seedlings, and improves root system activity. Can promote plant growth, improve plant stress resistance, and promote plant seedling and plant growth
Based on the weight portion of the attapulgite, the organic composite material preferably comprises 1-5 portions of fermented manure, and more preferably 1.5-3 portions. In the present invention, the fermented manure preferably includes poultry fermented manure and/or livestock fermented manure, and more preferably includes chicken manure, duck manure, cattle manure and sheep manure, and the mass ratio of the chicken manure, duck manure, cattle manure and sheep manure is preferably 1.
In the present invention, the particle size of the fermented manure is preferably 0.425mm or less, more preferably 0.15mm or less.
In the present invention, the fermented manure is used as a common organic fertilizer, and the solid substances thereof are protein, inorganic substances, fat and undigested dietary fiber. The organic composite material applied to the seed product can effectively increase the nutrition supply of the aquatic plant seed product in the later germination period and the seedling planting period, and is beneficial to the rapid growth of the aquatic plant seed product.
According to the auxiliary material for the aquatic plant seed product, the organic composite kernel is introduced, so that the germination rate of the aquatic plant seed product can be effectively improved, the influence of harmful microorganisms is inhibited, sufficient nutrition and gas are provided for the aquatic plant seed product after germination, and the healthy development of plants and root systems in the seedling stage is promoted; and various materials of the organic composite material can be effectively bonded on the surface layer of the soil and cannot be damaged by hydrodynamic force.
The auxiliary material of the aquatic plant seed product comprises a weight increasing material wrapped on the surface of the organic composite core, wherein the weight increasing material preferably comprises one or more of peat, loam and clay, more preferably comprises peat, loam and clay, and the particle size of the peat is preferably less than or equal to 0.15mm, more preferably less than or equal to 0.125mm. In the present invention, the particle size of the loam is preferably 0.15mm or less, more preferably 0.125mm or less. In the invention, the particle size of the clay is preferably less than or equal to 0.15mm, and more preferably less than or equal to 0.125mm. In the invention, the mass ratio of the peat, the loam and the clay is preferably (1-5) to (1-10), more preferably (1.5-4) to (2-3) to (5-8).
In the present invention, the particle size of the weight material is preferably less than or equal to 0.15mm, more preferably less than or equal to 0.125mm.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the weight-increasing material preferably takes local wetland soil in the area to be repaired as the main material, and the local humidity soil is preferably used after being sequentially air-dried, aired, ground and sieved.
According to the invention, the weight-increasing material can improve the density of the aquatic plant seed product, ensure that the aquatic plant seed product is rapidly settled under a complex hydrological condition, prevent the seed damage caused by biological action or hydrodynamic interference, and enable the root of the germinated seed to be smoothly and rapidly planted in the soil sediment.
The aquatic plant seed product auxiliary material provided by the invention comprises a film-forming material wrapped on the surface of the weight-increasing material. In the present invention, the film-forming material preferably includes one or more of hydroxyethylcellulose, polyacrylic acid resin, cellulose acetate, and polyvinyl alcohol.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the film-forming material is particularly preferably polyvinyl alcohol.
In the invention, the film forming material effectively and firmly adheres the aquatic plant sexual propagules, the organic composite material and the weight increasing material, prevents the loss of the aquatic plant sexual propagules due to falling off, and improves the grounding and stabilizing efficiency of the aquatic plant seed products. The liquid is convenient for packaging, transportation and storage, and is convenient for spreading or flying sowing in the later repair practice process.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the organic composite material, the weight material and the film-forming material is preferably (60-85): 3-6): 0.5-1, more preferably (61.50-84): 3.2-5.5): 0.6-0.8.
The invention provides an aquatic plant seed product, which comprises a plurality of aquatic plant sexual propagules and seed product auxiliary materials, wherein the seed product auxiliary materials are auxiliary materials of the aquatic plant seed product in the technical scheme;
the aquatic plant sexual propagules and the organic composite inner core of the auxiliary material of the aquatic plant seed product form an aquatic plant seed product inner core.
The aquatic plant seed product provided by the invention comprises a plurality of aquatic plant sexual propagules.
In the present invention, the aquatic plant sexual propagule is preferably a healthy seed of an aquatic plant, preferably comprising one or more of a submerged plant, an emergent plant, a hygrophyte, a swamp plant or an offshore aquatic plant.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the aquatic plant sexual propagule is particularly preferably a healthy seed of an aquatic plant that is fruiting at the current year of maturity.
The invention has no special requirement on the source of the sexual propagules of the aquatic plants, and can be purchased or collected in the field.
In the present invention, the mass ratio of the aquatic plant sexual propagules to the organic composite material is preferably (4-6): 12-17), more preferably (4.5-5): 13-16.
In the present invention, the shape of the aquatic plant seed product is preferably spherical or polygonal, and the particle size of the spherical aquatic plant seed product is preferably 0.3 to 0.8cm, more preferably 0.35 to 0.7cm.
The raw materials of the aquatic plant seed product provided by the invention are all natural components, the aquatic plant seed product is environment-friendly and pollution-free, and the seed product has universality and has the advantages of waterproofness, weak driving, periodic drought resistance, salt and alkali resistance and oligotrophism resistance.
The invention provides a preparation method of the aquatic plant seed product in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
applying an organic composite material on the surface of the sexual propagule of the aquatic plant to form an inner core of a seed product of the aquatic plant, wherein the organic composite material comprises attapulgite, plant material, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, zeolite, charcoal, polyacrylamide, fulvic acid and fermented manure;
spreading the weight-increasing material on the surface of the inner core of the aquatic plant seed product coated with the adhesive to form a semi-finished aquatic plant seed product;
and coating the surface of the semi-finished product of the aquatic plant seed product with a film forming material solution to obtain the aquatic plant seed product.
The method comprises the steps of applying an organic composite material (hereinafter referred to as first application) on the surface of a sexual propagation body of the aquatic plant to form an inner core of a seed product of the aquatic plant, wherein the organic composite material comprises one or more of attapulgite, plant material, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, zeolite, biochar, polyacrylamide, fulvic acid and fermented excrement.
In the present invention, the aquatic plant sexual propagule is preferably subjected to a pretreatment, and in the present invention, the pretreatment preferably includes: drying and removing impurities in sequence. In the present invention, the drying is preferably air drying. In the invention, the impurity removal is preferably wind impurity removal or artificial impurity removal. In the present invention, the impurities removed by the impurity removal preferably include one or more of stones, branches and leaves, soil, stalks and garbage.
In the present invention, the first application is preferably performed on a seed grading production turntable.
In the present invention, the first dispensing preferably comprises the steps of:
putting the aquatic plant sexual propagation body into a seed grading production turntable to carry out first operation at a first rotation speed, and spraying water and a first adhesive aqueous solution to the surface of the aquatic plant sexual propagation body in sequence in the first operation process to obtain the aquatic plant sexual propagation body coated with an adhesive;
and (3) spreading the organic composite material on the surface of the aquatic plant sexual propagation body coated with the adhesive, and performing second operation at a second rotating speed to form an aquatic plant seed product kernel.
The method comprises the steps of putting the aquatic plant sexual propagation body into a seed grading production rotary table, and carrying out first operation at a first rotation speed, wherein water and an adhesive aqueous solution are sprayed on the surface of the aquatic plant sexual propagation body in sequence in the first operation process to obtain the adhesive-coated aquatic plant sexual propagation body.
In the present invention, the diameter of the seed grading production turntable is preferably 50 to 80cm, and the depth thereof is preferably 20 to 50cm.
In the present invention, the first rotation speed is preferably 110 to 300r/min, and more preferably 110 to 200r/min.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the aqueous binder solution is particularly preferably an aqueous polyacrylamide solution.
In the present invention, the mass percentage content of the polyacrylamide aqueous solution is preferably 0.1%.
In the present invention, the particle size of the polyacrylamide as the aqueous polyacrylamide solution is preferably 75 μm or less.
The invention has no special requirement on the spraying amount of the water, and can wet the surface of the sexual propagation body of the aquatic plant.
The invention has no special requirements for the spraying amount of the polyacrylamide aqueous solution.
The present invention has no special requirement for the first operation time, and the aquatic plant sexual propagation body is uniformly wetted and coated with the adhesive.
After the aquatic plant sexual propagule coated with the adhesive is obtained, the organic composite material is spread on the surface of the aquatic plant sexual propagule coated with the adhesive, and second operation is carried out at a second rotating speed to form an aquatic plant seed product kernel.
In the present invention, the second rotation speed is preferably 300 to 500r/min, and more preferably 300r/min. Is divided into
The invention has no special requirements for the specific implementation process of the spreading.
The invention has no special requirement on the time of the second operation, and the organic composite material and the water plant sexual propagation body are bonded into a whole to form the seed kernel.
After the aquatic plant seed product kernel is formed, the weight-increasing material is scattered (hereinafter referred to as second scattering) on the surface of the aquatic plant seed product kernel coated with the adhesive to form a semi-finished aquatic plant seed product.
In the present invention, the rotation speed at the time of the second application is preferably 300 to 500r/min, and more preferably 300r/min.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the surface of the inner core of the aquatic plant seed product is coated with a second aqueous binder solution before the second applying to obtain the inner core of the aquatic plant seed product coated with the binder.
The invention improves the binding capacity of the weight material by coating the second adhesive aqueous solution.
In the practice of the present invention, the second aqueous binder solution is preferably an aqueous polyacrylamide solution.
In the present invention, the mass percentage of the polyacrylamide aqueous solution is preferably 0.1%. In the present invention, the particle size of the polyacrylamide as the aqueous polyacrylamide solution is preferably 75 μm or less.
After the semi-finished product of the aquatic plant seed product is formed, the surface of the semi-finished product of the aquatic plant seed product is coated with a film forming material solution to obtain the aquatic plant seed product.
In the present invention, the film forming material is preferably an aqueous film forming material solution, and the mass percentage of the film forming material solution is preferably 0.2 to 1%, and more preferably 0.5 to 1%.
In the present invention, the coating is preferably spray coating.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the coating is preferably performed in multiple times, and the time interval between every two coating is preferably 10 to 20 seconds.
In the present invention, the rotation speed at the time of coating is preferably 300 to 500r/min.
In the present invention, the coating with the film-forming material solution yields the aquatic plant seed product particles, and in the present invention, the aquatic plant seed product particles are preferably dried to yield the aquatic plant seed product, and in the present invention, the drying is preferably air-dried.
The present invention preferably provides for refrigerated storage of the resulting hydrophyte seed product.
The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, easiness in operation, suitability for various species, low cost, suitability for large-area degradation and capability of being used as an ecological product for ecological restoration.
The invention provides an application of the aquatic plant seed product in the technical scheme or the aquatic plant seed product prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in aquatic plant population and community restoration.
The aquatic plant seed product provided by the invention has universality and is preferentially used for specifically repairing the vegetation of pioneer species, endangered species and indicator species in wetland ecosystems including various water ecosystems.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Japanese trowel seeds are collected near a coastal or offshore Japanese trowel grass bed in September, and after being recovered, the Japanese trowel seeds are air-dried and then are removed by air separation or physical mechanical screening to remove stones, sand, soil, branches and leaves, garbage and unsaturated seeds, and the healthy and mature Japanese trowel seeds are remained.
Preparing polyacrylamide powder into a solution, wherein the concentration of the solution is 0.1 percent, and the particle size of the polyacrylamide is less than or equal to 75 mu m.
Selecting and mixing 20 parts of attapulgite, 5 parts of reed straw (the grain diameter is less than or equal to 0.15 mm), 5 parts of rice straw (the grain diameter is less than or equal to 0.15 mm), 5 parts of corn straw (the grain diameter is less than or equal to 0.15 mm), 0.2 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.1 part of polyaspartic acid, 5 parts of zeolite, 2 parts of biochar, 0.1 part of fulvic acid, 1 part of fermented chicken manure, 1 part of cattail fiber and 1 part of silvergrass fiber (the grain diameter is less than or equal to 0.15 mm) to obtain the composite organic material.
500g of mature Japanese trowel seeds are placed in a seed preparation rotary table, the initial rotating speed is 110r/min, and water is sprayed to wet the surfaces of the seeds.
The prepared polyacrylamide solution is sprayed on the surface of the wet seed in a small amount.
And increasing the rotating speed of the rotating disc to 300r/min, and uniformly spreading the prepared organic composite material on the surface of the seed, wherein the spreading weight is 1200g.
Ventilating and drying selected wetland clay (taken from the bottom sediment of offshore sea area of national natural protection zone of Huanghe Delta in Shandong-Ying City, east China), and grinding into powder as a weight-increasing material, wherein the particle size is less than or equal to 0.15mm; the weight-increasing material is spread in a seed making turntable, and the rotating speed is maintained at 300-500 r/min. The weight material applied weight was 250g.
Preparing 0.2% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, preparing water temperature of 95 ℃, and using in a cold environment.
The polyvinyl alcohol water solution is uniformly and slowly sprayed in a turntable, the rotating speed is maintained at 300-500r/min, the spraying is carried out for multiple times, the interval time is 10-20 seconds, and the total spraying mass is 20g.
And placing the prepared Japanese trowel seed product in a shade place for air drying, and refrigerating.
Example 2
Collecting Salicornia europaea seeds in the saline marsh in October to November, recovering the Salicornia europaea seeds, air-drying, removing pebbles, sand, soil, branches and leaves, garbage and unsaturated seeds by air separation or physical mechanical screening, and remaining healthy and mature Salicornia europaea seeds.
Preparing polyacrylamide powder into a solution, wherein the concentration of the solution is 0.15%, and the particle size of the polyacrylamide is less than or equal to 75 mu m.
Selecting and mixing 30 parts of attapulgite, 4 parts of reed straw (the grain diameter is less than or equal to 0.15 mm), 4 parts of rice straw (the grain diameter is less than or equal to 0.15 mm), 4 parts of corn straw (the grain diameter is less than or equal to 0.15 mm), 0.1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.1 part of polyaspartic acid, 6 parts of zeolite, 5 parts of biochar, 0.1 part of fulvic acid, 1 part of fermented cow dung and 1 part of triarrhena sacchariflora fiber (the grain diameter is less than or equal to 0.15 mm) to obtain the composite organic material.
200g of mature salicornia europaea seeds are placed in a seed manufacturing rotary disc, the initial rotating speed is 150r/min, and water is sprayed to wet the surfaces of the seeds.
The prepared polyacrylamide solution is sprayed on the surface of the wet seed in a small amount.
And increasing the rotating speed of the rotating disc to 330r/min, and uniformly spreading the prepared organic composite material on the surface of the seed, wherein the spreading weight is 600g.
Ventilating and drying selected wetland clay (obtained from bottom sediment of offshore sea area of national natural protection zone of Huanghe Delta of Dongying city of Shandong province), and grinding into powder as weight increasing material with particle size of less than or equal to 0.15mm; the weight-increasing material is spread in a seed making turntable, and the rotating speed is maintained at 300-500 r/min. The weight-increasing material is scattered by 100g.
Preparing 0.1% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, preparing water temperature of 95 ℃, and using in a cold environment.
The polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is uniformly and slowly sprayed into a rotating disc, the rotating speed is maintained at 300-500r/min, the spraying is carried out for multiple times, the interval time is 20 seconds, and the total water spraying mass is 10g.
And (3) placing the prepared salicornia europaea seed product in a shade place for air drying, and refrigerating.
Example 3
Collecting scirpus marigoldens seeds in the coastal wetland in October to November, recovering the scirpus marigolensis seeds, air-drying, removing stones, sand, soil, branches and leaves, garbage and unsaturated seeds by air separation or physical mechanical screening, and remaining healthy and mature scirpus marigolensis seeds.
Preparing polyacrylamide powder into a solution, wherein the concentration of the solution is 0.2%, and the particle size of the polyacrylamide is less than or equal to 75 mu m.
The composite organic material is prepared by mixing 20 parts of attapulgite, 5 parts of spartina alterniflora straw (the particle size is less than or equal to 0.15 mm), 5 parts of rice straw (the particle size is less than or equal to 0.15 mm), 5 parts of corn straw (the particle size is less than or equal to 0.15 mm), 0.1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.1 part of polyaspartic acid, 6 parts of zeolite, 5 parts of charcoal, 0.1 part of fulvic acid, 1 part of fermented chicken manure and 1 part of cattail fiber (the particle size is less than or equal to 0.15 mm).
200g of scirpus marigoldianus seeds are placed in a seed making turntable, the initial rotating speed is 150r/min, and water is sprayed to moisten the surfaces of the seeds.
The prepared polyacrylamide solution is sprayed on the surface of the wet seed in a small amount.
And increasing the rotating speed of the rotating disc to 300r/min, and uniformly spreading the prepared organic composite material on the surface of the seed, wherein the spreading weight is 700g.
Ventilating and drying selected wetland clay (taken from the bottom sediment of offshore sea area of national natural protection zone of Huanghe Delta in Shandong-Ying City, east China), and grinding into powder as a weight-increasing material, wherein the particle size is less than or equal to 0.15mm; the weight-increasing material is spread in a seed making turntable, and the rotating speed is maintained at 300-500 r/min. The weight material applied weight was 150g.
Preparing 0.1% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, preparing water temperature of 95 ℃, and using in a cold environment.
The polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is uniformly and slowly sprayed in a rotating disc, the rotating speed is maintained at 300-500r/min, the spraying is carried out for a plurality of times, the interval time is 20 seconds, and the total water spraying mass is 15g.
And (3) placing the scirpus marigoldianus seed product in a shade place for air drying, and refrigerating.
Example 4
Collecting suaeda salsa seeds in the coastal wetland in October to November, recovering the suaeda salsa seeds, air-drying, removing stones, sand, soil, branches and leaves, garbage and unsaturated seeds through air separation or physical mechanical screening, and remaining healthy and mature suaeda salsa seeds.
Preparing polyacrylamide powder into a solution, wherein the concentration of the solution is 0.15 percent, and the particle size of the polyacrylamide is less than or equal to 75 mu m.
The composite organic material is prepared by mixing 20 parts of attapulgite, 5 parts of corn straw (the grain diameter is less than or equal to 0.15 mm), 5 parts of reed straw (the grain diameter is less than or equal to 0.15 mm), 5 parts of rice straw (the grain diameter is less than or equal to 0.15 mm), 0.1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.1 part of polyaspartic acid, 6 parts of zeolite, 5 parts of charcoal, 0.1 part of fulvic acid, 1 part of fermented chicken manure and 1 part of cattail fiber (the grain diameter is less than or equal to 0.15 mm).
200g of suaeda glauca seeds are placed in a seed manufacturing rotary disc, the initial rotating speed is 150r/min, and water is sprayed to wet the surfaces of the seeds.
The prepared polyacrylamide solution is sprayed on the surface of the wet seed in a small amount.
And increasing the rotating speed of the rotating disc to 300r/min, and uniformly spreading the prepared organic composite material on the surface of the seed, wherein the spreading weight is 700g.
Ventilating and drying selected wetland clay (obtained from bottom sediment of offshore sea area of national natural protection zone of Huanghe Delta of Dongying city of Shandong province), and grinding into powder as weight increasing material with particle size of less than or equal to 0.15mm; the weight-increasing material is spread in a seed making turntable, and the rotating speed is maintained at 300-500 r/min. The weight material applied weight was 150g.
Preparing 0.1% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, preparing water temperature of 95 ℃, and using in a cold environment.
The polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is uniformly and slowly sprayed in a rotating disc, the rotating speed is maintained at 300-500r/min, the spraying is carried out for a plurality of times, the interval time is 20 seconds, and the total water spraying mass is 15g.
And (3) placing the prepared suaeda glauca seed product in a shade place for air drying, and refrigerating.
Test example
The wetland plant seed products prepared in the above examples 1 to 4 were subjected to germination test verification. The germination test specifically comprises the following steps: 100 full particles of Japanese trowel, salicornia europaea, scirpus maritima and Suaeda salsa seed products are taken, sterilized for 8 minutes by 0.1 percent potassium permanganate solution, washed for 3 times by deionized water, and soaked for germination acceleration for 12 hours at normal temperature. Two treatments were set up for the experiment, respectively: three general seeds, three species of seed products were made, with 5 replicates per treatment. Filter paper was placed in a petri dish, and 30mL of saline water having a salinity of 15ppt was added. 100 seeds are placed in each culture dish, alternate culture is carried out in 12-hour light/12-hour dark, and a cover of the culture dish is covered in the culture process to reduce the loss of water. The number of sprouts was recorded at 6 pm every day, and the germination was regarded as about 2mm after the radicle appeared, and the experiment was terminated after 10 days of continuous culture until no seed germination was found for 3 consecutive days.
And (3) testing results: after ten days, the cumulative germination rates (51.3%, 75.3%,46.6% and 78.3% respectively) of the Japanese trowel, salicornia europaea, scirpus maritima and suaeda glauca seed products are all higher than the germination rates (34.2%, 61.2%,31.2% and 68.2%) of natural common seeds.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The auxiliary material of the aquatic plant seed product is characterized by comprising an organic composite core, a weight-increasing material and a film-forming material, wherein the weight-increasing material is wrapped on the surface of the organic composite core;
the organic composite inner core comprises attapulgite, plant materials, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, zeolite, biochar, polyacrylamide, fulvic acid and fermented manure.
2. The auxiliary material for aquatic plant seed products of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the organic composite core, the weight-increasing material and the film-forming material is (60-85): (3-6): (0.5-1).
3. The auxiliary material of the aquatic plant seed product of claim 1, wherein the organic composite core comprises, by mass, 20-30 parts of attapulgite, 11-20 parts of plant material, 0.2-0.5 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.1-0.5 part of polyaspartic acid, 1-5 parts of zeolite, 1-5 parts of charcoal, 0.5-5 parts of polyacrylamide, 0.1-0.2 part of fulvic acid, and 1-5 parts of fermented manure.
4. The aquatic plant seed product adjuvant material of claim 1, wherein said weight gain material comprises one or more of peat, loam, and clay.
5. The auxiliary material for aquatic plant seed products as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein the weight-increasing material comprises peat, loam and clay, and the mass ratio of peat, loam and clay is (1-5) to (1-10).
6. The aquatic plant seed product adjuvant of claim 1, wherein the film forming material comprises one or more of hydroxyethylcellulose, polyacrylic acid resin, cellulose acetate, and polyvinyl alcohol.
7. An aquatic plant seed product comprising a plurality of aquatic plant sexual propagules and seed product auxiliary material, the seed product auxiliary material being an auxiliary material for an aquatic plant seed product according to any one of claims 1 to 6;
the aquatic plant sexual propagules and the organic composite inner core of the auxiliary material of the aquatic plant seed product form an aquatic plant seed product inner core.
8. The aquatic plant seed product of claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of the aquatic plant sexual propagule to the organic composite core is (4-6) to (12-17);
the shape of the aquatic plant seed product is spherical or polygonal, and the particle size of the spherical aquatic plant seed product is 0.3-0.8 cm.
9. A method of producing an aquatic plant seed product of claim 7 or 8, comprising the steps of:
spreading an organic composite material on the surface of the aquatic plant sexual propagule coated with the adhesive to form an aquatic plant seed product inner core, wherein the organic composite material comprises attapulgite, plant material, chitosan oligosaccharide, polyaspartic acid, zeolite, biochar, polyacrylamide, fulvic acid and fermented manure;
spreading the weight-increasing material on the surface of the inner core of the aquatic plant seed product coated with the adhesive to form a semi-finished aquatic plant seed product;
and coating the surface of the semi-finished product of the aquatic plant seed product with a film forming material solution to obtain the aquatic plant seed product.
10. Use of the aquatic plant seed product of claim 7 or 8 or the aquatic plant seed product produced by the method of claim 9 for restoring populations and colonies of aquatic plants.
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Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109156116A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-01-08 | 北京师范大学 | A kind of coating agent for seed for seashore wetland salt marsh vegetation reparation, capsuled seed and preparation method thereof |
| CN109511315A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-03-26 | 北京师范大学 | A kind of fluid seed formula, fluid seed and its manufacture craft for the high tidal flat salt marsh vegetation reparation of seashore wetland |
| CN112970377A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-06-18 | 上海沐瑛生态科技有限公司 | Scirpus marianus pelleted seed suitable for mudflat direct seeding and pelleting method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109156116A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-01-08 | 北京师范大学 | A kind of coating agent for seed for seashore wetland salt marsh vegetation reparation, capsuled seed and preparation method thereof |
| CN109511315A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-03-26 | 北京师范大学 | A kind of fluid seed formula, fluid seed and its manufacture craft for the high tidal flat salt marsh vegetation reparation of seashore wetland |
| CN112970377A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-06-18 | 上海沐瑛生态科技有限公司 | Scirpus marianus pelleted seed suitable for mudflat direct seeding and pelleting method thereof |
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