CN108782059B - Small watermelon vertical frame and ground climbing composite cultivation method and composite cultivation shed frame - Google Patents
Small watermelon vertical frame and ground climbing composite cultivation method and composite cultivation shed frame Download PDFInfo
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- CN108782059B CN108782059B CN201810406983.7A CN201810406983A CN108782059B CN 108782059 B CN108782059 B CN 108782059B CN 201810406983 A CN201810406983 A CN 201810406983A CN 108782059 B CN108782059 B CN 108782059B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
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Abstract
The invention relates to a small watermelon vertical frame and ground climbing compound cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: selecting a land parcel; selecting varieties; seedling raising; soil preparation and bed making; planting: firstly, a hole is formed in the center of the ridge surface by a watermelon puncher, then seedling soil is planted into the hole, and special liquid medicine is used for irrigating; the special liquid medicine comprises humic acid, macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, compound fertilizer, cypermethrin, carbendazim, abamectin and sodium diquat, wherein the application amount per mu is 700-800 g of humic acid, 500-600 g of macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, 1800-2000 g of compound fertilizer, 50 ml of cypermethrin, 1000 g of 80% carbendazim, 100 g of 1.8% abamectin and 200g of 70% sodium diquat; building a composite cultivation shed frame and guiding the vines to be put on the shed frame; pollinating and protecting fruits; and (5) cultivating in long seasons. The invention combines the cultivation of the composite cultivation shed frame facility and the matching cultivation technologies of a water and fertilizer integration technology, a bee pollination technology, a disease and pest comprehensive prevention and control technology, a long-season cultivation technology and the like, obviously advances the time of the watermelon to market and improves the yield and the quality of the watermelon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of watermelon cultivation, and particularly relates to a small watermelon vertical frame and ground climbing compound cultivation method and a compound cultivation shed frame.
Background
With the improvement of the living standard of residents, the early-medium-maturing small-fruit watermelon becomes a new favorite in the market. The small watermelons are popular with consumers in the market due to the characteristics of beautiful appearance, tender meat, convenient carrying, suitability for primary consumption of families and the like, the consumption proportion is gradually increased, and the market prospect is very considerable. In recent years, the east China represented by Jiang, Zhe and Hu has gradually developed into a large production base for producing small watermelons, and the demand of the market for small watermelon varieties also tends to rise year by year. The small watermelons cultivated by facilities such as a sunlight greenhouse and a greenhouse are favored by consumers due to the characteristics of early marketing, good quality and the like, and the planting area is also in a trend of increasing continuously. Therefore, aiming at the specific ecological conditions of low temperature and weak light in early spring in Zhejiang province, the integration and demonstration popularization of the high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation technologies such as the new variety of the mini watermelon in facility, the water and fertilizer integration technology, the bee pollination technology, the comprehensive disease and pest prevention and control technology, the long-season cultivation technology and the like have important practical significance.
The existing small watermelon cultivation methods are roughly two types: one method is climbing cultivation, the stems and tendrils of the watermelons are paved on the ground of a watermelon field, the cultivation method has low space utilization rate and low yield, 500-600 watermelon plants are planted per mu, and 3000-3500 kg of commodity watermelon is planted per mu under the long-season cultivation condition; the other is vertical frame cultivation, the stems and tendrils are grown on the frames by building the frames in the shed, the space utilization rate of the cultivation method is superior to that of climbing cultivation, 1200-1500 plants are planted per mu, and the yield per mu is 3500-4000 kg under the long-season cultivation condition. However, the two modes have different space wastes, and the traditional small bamboo arched shed is only suitable for ground-climbing cultivation of small watermelons, the vertical frame cultivation can be realized only in a glass greenhouse or a steel frame greenhouse, the watermelons are forbidden to be continuously cultivated, a new place needs to be replaced every year, the moving cost in the glass greenhouse or the steel frame greenhouse is high, and the enlargement of the planting area of the small watermelons in the facility is hindered to a certain extent. Therefore, a new cultivation method is urgently needed to alleviate the above contradiction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a small watermelon stand and ground climbing compound cultivation method for promoting the yield and income increase of small watermelons, which is characterized in that the time of the watermelons appearing on the market is remarkably shortened and the yield and quality of the watermelons are improved by greenhouse facility cultivation and combining with matched cultivation technologies such as a water and fertilizer integration technology, a bee pollination technology, a disease and pest comprehensive prevention and control technology, a long-season cultivation technology and the like; meanwhile, a composite cultivation shed frame is provided in a matching way, a hanging belt and a hanging piece of a special structure are designed, the hanging piece has multiple different purposes, the hanging belt and the hanging piece are correspondingly connected, so that the vine can be climbed, and the net bag can be hung conveniently.
The technical problem of the invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a small watermelon stand and ground climbing compound cultivation method comprises the following steps.
(1) Selecting land parcels: the soil is fertile, loose or sandy loam, and the pH value of the soil is between 6 and 8.
(2) Variety selection: the small watermelon variety is selected, requires early maturity, steady growth and small development angle, and is suitable for close planting and vertical frame and ground climbing compound cultivation.
(3) Seedling culture: selecting a nutrition pot with the diameter of 6.5-9.0 cm and the height of 6.5-9.0 cm in winter and spring for grafting and seedling, and filling the nutrition pot with watermelon seedling nutrition soil, wherein the pot is required to be flat in surface, consistent in height and flat in bottom; spraying 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 100 times of liquid of 40% formalin on nutrient soil for disinfection 1 week before sowing.
(4) Soil preparation and ridge making: selecting field blocks with high terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, fertile and loose soil; after harvesting the previous crops, deeply ploughing the land immediately, finely raking and leveling the land, and applying quicklime and decomposed chicken manure to each mu of land, wherein the ploughing depth is preferably 25-30 cm; applying rape seed cakes, ternary compound fertilizer, potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and boric fertilizer to each mu a week before field planting, harrowing and harrowing for 1 time after applying the fertilizers, and making ridges.
(5) Planting: the method comprises the steps of firstly, punching holes in the center of the ridge surface by a watermelon puncher at a plant spacing of 45-55 cm, then planting seedling soil in the holes, irrigating with special liquid medicine, covering with a white mulching film, and tightly sealing the roots with soil.
The special liquid medicine for irrigation comprises 700-800 g of humic acid, 500-600 g of macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, 1800-2000 g of compound fertilizer, 50 ml of cypermethrin, 1000 g of 80% carbendazim, 100 g of 1.8% of abamectin and 200g of 70% of sodium difenoxide, wherein the special liquid medicine for irrigation comprises the components of humic acid, macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, compound fertilizer, cypermethrin, carbendazim, 1800-2000 g of compound fertilizer, 50 ml of cypermethrin, 1000 g of 80% carbendazim, 100 g of 1.8% of abamectin and 200g of 70% of sodium difenoxide, and when the special liquid medicine is applied, the components are added into 50L of water to prepare a liquid medicine mother solution, then dilution irrigation is carried out according to 20 times of proportion, 2-2.5; the nutrient components contained in the liquid medicine can promote the watermelon seedlings to rapidly take root and grow, and the medicament components contained in the liquid medicine can effectively kill pests and pathogenic bacteria in soil, so that the early growth of the watermelon seedlings is promoted.
(6) Building a composite cultivation shed frame and guiding the vines to be put on the shed: the composite cultivation shed frame comprises a plurality of side-by-side arch supports, each arch support comprises an arch ring at the upper part, an upright post connected to the end part of the arch ring, and a cross rod connected between the upright posts, a transverse beam piece is connected between the side-by-side arch rings, and a plurality of vine climbing hanging belts are connected on the transverse beam piece;
the vine climbing hanging belt is in a long and flat strip shape, a plurality of hollowed through holes are formed in the vine climbing hanging belt and are arranged into horizontal long waist holes, each two up-and-down aligned through holes form a hanging structure, the two through holes forming one hanging structure are close to each other, a space is formed between the two through holes, and the hanging structures are uniformly arranged from one end of the vine climbing hanging belt to the other end at intervals;
the hanging structure is connected with a multifunctional hanging piece, the multifunctional hanging piece is connected by two forked support legs to form an inverted V shape, the lower end parts of the two support legs extend upwards from bottom to top to form a hook body, one support leg penetrates through the two through holes from top to bottom, and the hook body of the multifunctional hanging piece is used for hanging a plastic net bag serving as a fruit support;
a multifunctional hanging part is connected to a first hanging structure of the vine climbing hanging belt close to the upper end, the included angle position of the upper end of the multifunctional hanging part is hung to the first hanging structure, meanwhile, the multifunctional hanging part and the upper end of the vine climbing hanging belt encircle a cross beam piece from top to bottom, in addition, two hook bodies of the multifunctional hanging part are hung to a second hanging structure, the second hanging structure is positioned below the first hanging structure, and then the upper end of the vine climbing hanging belt is hung to the cross beam piece in an encircling manner;
the hanging structure of the vine climbing hanging belt close to the lower end is connected with a multifunctional hanging piece, two hook bodies of the multifunctional hanging piece are hung on the hanging structure, and the tip end of the multifunctional hanging piece is vertically inserted into soil downwards;
each melon seedling is matched with at least one vine climbing hanging belt, the whole watermelon branch adopts a mode of two vines being put on a shelf and one vine climbing, redundant lateral vines are completely removed in the early growth stage, a small amount of lateral vines are left after the watermelon grows, when the watermelon grows to 0.9-1.2 kg, the melon starts to be hung, young melons are placed in a special plastic net bag, and the plastic net bag is evenly hung on a multifunctional hanging piece on the vine climbing hanging belt and basically kept at the same height. The production conditions of all the young melons are basically consistent, the conditions such as illumination, temperature and moderation and ventilation are consistent, so that the sizes, appearances and internal qualities of the fruits can be balanced, the fruits can be sold well, and the marketability is high.
The vertical frame and climbing compound cultivation method is matched with the compound cultivation shed frame to carry out close planting on the watermelon seedlings, so that the land space can be fully utilized, the photosynthetic utilization rate is improved, the yield of commodity watermelon per mu is more than 5000 kg, and under the cultivation method, the mature periods of branch and vine watermelons of the vertical frame and climbing are different, so that the marketing period of the watermelons is increased; in addition, branches and tendrils climbing the ground in the cultivation method are covered on the mulching film, so that light rays under the mulching film are weak, growth of weeds is inhibited, and temperature of soil in summer is reduced, and smooth summer-crossing of the small watermelon is facilitated.
(7) And (3) pollination and fruit retention: performing artificial supplementary pollination in the flowering period, namely selecting male flowers and female flowers which are in blooming, picking 1 male flower at 7-10 am, and applying pollen on the heads of female flower columns, wherein 2-3 female flowers can be fertilized in 1 male flower; or 1-2 boxes of bees are placed in each mu of land in the full-bloom period, and the bees are utilized for supplementary pollination.
(8) And (3) long-season cultivation: under the condition of a facility greenhouse, by enhancing the management of rich water and branches, 4-5 batches of watermelon are continuously harvested in the growing period of facility mini-watermelon spanning three seasons of spring, summer and autumn.
Preferably, in the step (1), the melon field is a leisure land or a wasteland, the rotation period of the planted melon field is more than 5 years, and the previous crops are beans or grain crops.
Preferably, the excellent variety with good fruit bearing performance, high fruit commodity rate, good high yield, 2-3kg weight of a single melon, low-temperature and low-light resistance and outstanding comprehensive resistance is selected in the step (2), and the excellent variety comprises golden honey No. 2, early spring red jade and the like.
Preferably, in the step (3), grafting seedlings are selected, the rootstocks are Yongzhen No. 5, the scions are golden honey No. 2, early spring jasper and the like, grafting is carried out by adopting a grafting method, one leaf and one core of each rootstock seedling are obtained, and cotyledons of each scion seedling are basically flattened.
Preferably, the watermelon seedling culture nutrient soil is 1000kg of field soil, 200kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1.0kg of formula compound fertilizer, wherein N is P2O5∶K2O15: 15, medium-trace elements of Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe and greenhouseThe content of the element is more than or equal to 500 ppm.
Preferably, in the step (4), 25-40 kg of quicklime or 25kg of lime nitrogen and 1000kg of decomposed chicken manure are applied to each mu; 100kg of rape seed cakes and 15kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N: P) are applied to each mu one week before field planting2O5∶K2O is 15: 15), 10kg of potash fertilizer, 20kg of phosphate fertilizer and 300g of boric fertilizer, the fertilizers are applied, and then harrowing and harrowing are carried out for 1 time to prepare ridging with the width of 2.5m, the width of each shed is 2 ridges, and the width of each furrow is 30 cm; during planting, holes are drilled at a plant spacing of 45-55 cm, and 450-550 plants are planted per mu.
Preferably, in the step (6), the net racks are erected vertically and are 2 m high, the vertical steel pipes are used as vertical rods, the diameter of each steel pipe is 2cm, the distance between every two adjacent steel pipes is 3 m, 3-4 transverse iron wires are bound to form transverse rods, a rope is tied to the uppermost transverse rod every 25 cm, the rope is required to be hung on the ground, and the single-row fixed rods are arranged on each ridge.
Preferably, in the step (7), 3-4 days after the watermelon is set, whether the watermelon is set successfully is checked, and pollination and fruit setting are continued when the next female flower blooms.
Preferably, in the step (8), by utilizing the habit of unlimited growth and strong branching of the watermelons, after the watermelons are ripe and harvested, the management of fertilizer and water is strengthened, the aged branches and tendrils are cut off, the adventitious tendrils of the plants are enabled to bear fruits again, one-kind multi-harvest is realized, and 4-5 batches are harvested.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method takes the small watermelon as a target, aims at the specific ecological conditions of low temperature and weak light in early spring in Zhejiang province, and screens a new variety of the small watermelon suitable for early spring cultivation in Zhejiang province by character investigation and adaptability evaluation; by greenhouse facility cultivation and combining with matched cultivation technologies such as a water and fertilizer integration technology, a bee pollination technology, a disease and pest comprehensive prevention and control technology, a long-season cultivation technology and the like, the marketing time of watermelons is obviously shortened, the yield and the quality of the watermelons are improved, the yield and the income are increased, and the economic benefit is obvious.
The composite cultivation shed frame achieves the effects of climbing vines and hanging net bags through the mutual matching of the vine climbing hanging belts and the multifunctional hanging pieces with special structures; the vine climbing hanging belt is soft and can be wound, can be cut off according to the actual length, has high flexibility, and is convenient to carry, transport and operate; the multifunctional pendant has multiple purposes, the V-shaped tip and the hook body of the multifunctional pendant are matched with the through hole on the vine climbing hanging belt, and the three purposes of the multifunctional pendant are realized.
The vertical frame and climbing composite cultivation method of the invention is matched with the composite cultivation shed frame to carry out close planting of the watermelon seedlings, so that the land space can be fully utilized, the photosynthetic utilization rate is improved, the yield per mu of commodity watermelon reaches more than 5000 kg, and under the cultivation method, the mature periods of the branch watermelon of the vertical frame and climbing land are different, thereby increasing the marketing period of the watermelon; in addition, branches and tendrils climbing the ground in the cultivation method are covered on the mulching film, so that light rays under the mulching film are weak, growth of weeds is inhibited, and temperature of soil in summer is reduced, and smooth summer-crossing of the small watermelon is facilitated.
After the watermelon seedlings are transplanted, special liquid medicine for irrigation comprises humic acid, a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, a compound fertilizer, cypermethrin, carbendazim, abamectin, sodium sulfadiazine and the like, and is mixed according to a specific proportion and then applied at one time, so that the water requirement of the watermelon before fruit setting can be basically met; the nutrient components contained in the liquid medicine can promote the watermelon seedlings to rapidly take root and grow, and the medicament components contained in the liquid medicine can effectively kill pests and pathogenic bacteria in soil, so that the early growth of the watermelon seedlings is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a composite cultivation shed of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the distribution of the rattan-climbing hanging band of the present invention on the cross member;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the vine-climbing hanging strip of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the multifunctional pendant of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first usage of the multifunctional pendant of the present invention, namely, the multifunctional pendant is used to surround and sleeve the vine-climbing hanging belt on the cross beam;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a first mode of use of the multifunction pendant of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a second usage of the multifunctional hanging device of the present invention, namely, the multifunctional hanging device is hung on a hanging structure or a plurality of hanging structures with proper height;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a third mode of use of the multifunctional hanger according to the present invention, in which the multifunctional hanger is attached to the lowermost end of the vine-climbing hanging strip, and the tip of the multifunctional hanger is inserted into the ground soil.
The reference numbers in the figures are: 1. an arch ring; 2. a column; 3. a cross bar; 4. a cross member; 5. climbing vine hanging belts; 6. perforating; 7. a hanging structure; 8. a multifunctional pendant; 9. a hook body; 10. a support rod.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Example 1:
a small watermelon vertical frame and ground climbing compound cultivation method comprises the following steps;
(1) selecting land parcels: the soil is fertile, loose or sandy loam, and the pH value of the soil is between 6 and 8; the melon field is a leisure land and a barren land, the rotation period of the planted melon field is more than 5 years, and the previous crops are preferably beans or grain crops.
(2) Variety selection: small watermelon varieties are selected, the requirements for early maturity, steady growth and small development angle are met, and the method is suitable for close planting and vertical frame and ground climbing compound cultivation; selecting excellent varieties with good fruit bearing property, high fruit commodity rate, good high yield, 2-3kg of single melon weight, low temperature and weak light resistance and outstanding comprehensive resistance, such as golden honey No. 2 and delicate gold jade.
(3) Seedling culture: selecting a nutrition pot with the diameter of 6.5-9.0 cm and the height of 6.5-9.0 cm in winter and spring for grafting and seedling, and filling the nutrition pot with watermelon seedling nutrition soil, wherein the pot is required to be flat in surface, consistent in height and flat in bottom; selecting grafted seedlings, wherein the rootstocks are Yongzhen No. 5, the scions are golden honey No. 2, early spring ruby and the like, grafting by adopting an insertion method, one leaf of each rootstock seedling is one core, and cotyledons of each scion seedling are basically spread flat; 50% carbendazim wettable powder used 1 week before sowingSpraying 800 times of solution or 40% formalin 100 times of solution on nutrient soil for disinfection; 1000kg of field soil is added with 200kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1.0kg of compound fertilizer is added, wherein N is P2O5∶K2O is 15: 15, and the trace elements in Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, greenhouse, etc. are not less than 500 ppm.
(4) Soil preparation and ridge making: selecting field blocks with high terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, fertile and loose soil; after harvesting the previous crops, deeply ploughing the land immediately, finely raking and leveling, and applying 25-40 kg of quicklime or 25kg of lime nitrogen and 1000kg of decomposed chicken manure per mu in a matching manner; 100kg of rape seed cakes and 15kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N: P) are applied to each mu one week before field planting2O5∶K2O is 15: 15), 10kg of potash fertilizer, 20kg of phosphate fertilizer and 300g of boric fertilizer, the fertilizers are applied, and then harrowing and harrowing are carried out for 1 time to prepare ridging with the width of 2.5m, the width of each shed is 2 ridges, and the width of each furrow is 30 cm; during planting, holes are drilled at a plant spacing of 45-55 cm, and 450-550 plants are planted per mu.
(5) Planting: firstly, a watermelon puncher is used for punching holes in the center of the ridge surface according to the plant spacing of 45-55 cm, then seedling soil is planted into the holes, special liquid medicine is used for irrigating, a white mulching film is covered, and the roots are tightly sealed by soil;
the special liquid medicine for irrigation comprises 700-800 g of humic acid, 500-600 g of macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, 1800-2000 g of compound fertilizer, 50 ml of cypermethrin, 1000 g of 80% carbendazim, 100 g of 1.8% of abamectin and 200g of 70% of sodium difenoxide, wherein the special liquid medicine for irrigation comprises the components of humic acid, macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, compound fertilizer, cypermethrin, carbendazim, abamectin and sodium difenoxide, and is added into 50L of water to prepare a liquid medicine mother solution during application, and then diluted irrigation is carried out according to 20 times of proportion, 2-2.5L of diluted liquid medicine is applied to each plant, and the watermelon is not watered before fruit setting;
(6) building a composite cultivation shed frame and guiding the vines to be put on the shed frame;
the basic frame of the composite cultivation shed frame is a plurality of side-by-side arched supports, the arched supports can be made of moso bamboo strips made of moso bamboo materials or steel pipe materials, and the moso bamboo strips are convenient to disassemble, assemble, recover and recycle; and the shed made of the steel pipe material has good stability.
Each arch support is formed by connecting an upper arch ring 1 and upright posts 2 at two ends, and a transverse cross rod 3 is connected between the upright posts 2, wherein the connection can be realized by steel wire fastening, bolt and nut fastening or other fastening structures.
The method comprises the following steps that transverse beam pieces 4 are simultaneously connected to a plurality of side-by-side arched supports, specifically, the transverse beam pieces 4 are fixedly connected to arch rings through steel wires or bolts and nuts, the number of the transverse beam pieces 4 is matched with that of furrows in a shed, the number of the transverse beam pieces 4 is not less than two, generally 2 to 6, and the plurality of transverse beam pieces 4 are uniformly distributed at intervals along the arc arch rings; in order to improve the stability of the cross beam member 4 and the whole shed frame, a plurality of vertical support rods 10 are vertically connected below the cross beam member, the support rods 10 are arranged at intervals and have larger intervals, and the lower ends of the support rods 10 are inserted into soil.
Each cross beam piece 4 is connected with a plurality of vertically drooping vine climbing hanging belts 5, specifically, each vine climbing hanging belt 5 is in a long and flat belt shape, the vine climbing hanging belt 5 is provided with a plurality of dozens of hollowed through holes 6, and each through hole 6 is a long waist hole and is horizontally oriented; every two through holes 6 aligned up and down form a hanging structure 7, and the two through holes 6 forming one hanging structure 7 are close to each other and keep a certain distance; a plurality of hanging structures 7 are evenly spaced from one end to the other end along the vine-climbing hanging strip 5.
The multifunctional hanging pieces 8 are connected to the upper end, the lower end and some hanging structures 7 between the upper end and the lower end of the vine climbing hanging belt 5; specifically, each multifunctional hanging member 8 is formed by connecting two diverging legs to form an inverted V-shape, and the lower ends of the two legs extend in an arc shape from bottom to top to form a hook 9.
A multifunctional hanging piece 8 is connected between the first hanging structure and the second hanging structure at the upper end of the vine climbing hanging belt 5; at this time, the included angle position of the upper end of the multifunctional hanging member 8 is hung on the first hanging structure, meanwhile, the multifunctional hanging member 8 and the upper end of the climbing vine hanging belt 5 encircle the cross beam member 4 from top to bottom, then, the two hook bodies 9 of the multifunctional hanging member 8 are hung on the second hanging structure, and finally, the upper end of the climbing vine hanging belt 5 is hung on the cross beam member 4 in an encircling manner.
Connect a multi-functional pendant 8 on hanging structure 7 of the lower extreme of climbing vine sling 5, at this moment, two hook bodies 9 of this multi-functional pendant 8 are hung and are connected in this hanging structure 7, and the most advanced of multi-functional pendant 8 is vertical to be inserted in soil downwards, will climb the vine sling 5 and straighten.
A multifunctional hanging piece 8 is connected to the hanging structure 7 with a proper height according to actual requirements in the middle area of the vine climbing hanging belt 5; at the moment, one support leg of the multifunctional pendant 8 penetrates through the two through holes from top to bottom, and the hook body of the multifunctional pendant 8 is used for hanging a plastic net bag serving as a fruit support; each multifunctional hanging piece 8 can be used for hanging one plastic net bag independently and also can be used for hanging a plurality of plastic net bags simultaneously.
Each plant of melon can be matched with one or two vine-climbing hanging belts 5, the whole watermelon branch is built by two vines and climbs on the ground by one vine, the redundant lateral vines are completely removed in the early growth stage, a small amount of lateral vines are left after the watermelon grows to 0.9-1.2 kg, the melon starts to be hung, the young melon is placed in a special plastic net bag, and the plastic net bag is evenly hung on the multifunctional hanging parts on the vine-climbing hanging belts 5 and basically keeps at the same height.
(7) And (3) pollination and fruit retention: performing artificial supplementary pollination in the flowering period, namely selecting male flowers and female flowers which are in blooming, picking 1 male flower at 7-10 am, and applying pollen on the heads of female flower columns, wherein 2-3 female flowers can be fertilized in 1 male flower; or 1-2 boxes of bees are placed in each mu of land in the full-bloom period, and the bees are utilized for supplementary pollination; and 3-4 days after the watermelon bears fruit, checking whether the fruit bearing is successful, and continuously pollinating and bearing the fruit which is not bearing the fruit when the next female flower blooms.
(8) And (3) long-season cultivation: under the condition of a facility greenhouse, by utilizing the habits of unlimited growth and strong branching of watermelons, after the watermelons are ripe and harvested, the watermelon is subjected to fertilizer and water management enhancement, aged branches and tendrils are cut off, and the adventitious tendrils of plants are set for fruit again, so that the growing period of the facility small watermelons spans three seasons of spring, summer and autumn, one multi-harvest is realized, and 4-5 batches of watermelons are continuously harvested.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A small watermelon vertical frame and ground climbing compound cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting land parcels: the soil is fertile, loose or sandy loam, and the pH value of the soil is between 6 and 8;
(2) variety selection: small watermelon varieties are selected, the requirements for early maturity, steady growth and small development angle are met, and the method is suitable for close planting and vertical frame and ground climbing compound cultivation;
(3) seedling culture: selecting a nutrition pot with the diameter of 6.5-9.0 cm and the height of 6.5-9.0 cm in winter and spring for grafting and seedling, and filling the nutrition pot with watermelon seedling nutrition soil, wherein the pot is required to be flat in surface, consistent in height and flat in bottom; spraying 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 100 times of liquid of 40% formalin on nutrient soil for disinfection 1 week before sowing;
(4) soil preparation and ridge making: selecting field blocks with high terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, fertile and loose soil; after harvesting the previous crops, deeply ploughing the land immediately, finely raking and leveling the land, and applying quicklime and decomposed chicken manure to each mu of land, wherein the ploughing depth is preferably 25-30 cm; applying rape seed cakes, ternary compound fertilizers, potassium fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers and boron fertilizers to each mu a week before field planting, harrowing and harrowing for 1 time after applying the fertilizers, and making ridges;
(5) planting: firstly, a watermelon puncher is used for punching holes in the center of the ridge surface according to the plant spacing of 45-55 cm, then seedling soil is planted into the holes, special liquid medicine is used for irrigating, a white mulching film is covered, and the roots are tightly sealed by soil;
the special liquid medicine for irrigation comprises 700-800 g of humic acid, 500-600 g of macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, 1800-2000 g of compound fertilizer, 50 ml of cypermethrin, 1000 g of 80% carbendazim, 100 g of 1.8% of abamectin and 200g of 70% of sodium difenoxide, wherein the special liquid medicine for irrigation comprises the components of humic acid, macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, compound fertilizer, cypermethrin, carbendazim, abamectin and sodium difenoxide, and is added into 50L of water to prepare a liquid medicine mother solution during application, and then diluted irrigation is carried out according to 20 times of proportion, 2-2.5L of the diluted liquid medicine is poured on each plant, and the watermelons are not watered before fruit setting;
(6) building a composite cultivation shed frame and guiding the vines to be put on the shed: the composite cultivation shed frame comprises a plurality of side-by-side arch supports, each arch support comprises an arch ring at the upper part, an upright post connected to the end part of the arch ring, and a cross rod connected between the upright posts, a transverse beam piece is connected between the side-by-side arch rings, and a plurality of vine climbing hanging belts are connected on the transverse beam piece;
the vine climbing hanging belt is in a long and flat strip shape, a plurality of hollowed through holes are formed in the vine climbing hanging belt and are arranged into horizontal long waist holes, each two up-and-down aligned through holes form a hanging structure, the two through holes forming one hanging structure are close to each other, a space is formed between the two through holes, and the hanging structures are uniformly arranged from one end of the vine climbing hanging belt to the other end at intervals;
the hanging structure is connected with a multifunctional hanging piece, the multifunctional hanging piece is connected by two forked support legs to form an inverted V shape, the lower end parts of the two support legs extend upwards from bottom to top to form a hook body, one support leg penetrates through the two through holes from top to bottom, and the hook body of the multifunctional hanging piece is used for hanging a mesh bag serving as a fruit support;
a multifunctional hanging part is connected to a first hanging structure of the vine climbing hanging belt close to the upper end, the included angle position of the upper end of the multifunctional hanging part is hung to the first hanging structure, meanwhile, the multifunctional hanging part and the upper end of the vine climbing hanging belt encircle a cross beam piece from top to bottom, in addition, two hook bodies of the multifunctional hanging part are hung to a second hanging structure, the second hanging structure is positioned below the first hanging structure, and then the upper end of the vine climbing hanging belt is hung to the cross beam piece in an encircling manner;
the hanging structure of the vine climbing hanging belt close to the lower end is connected with a multifunctional hanging piece, two hook bodies of the multifunctional hanging piece are hung on the hanging structure, and the tip end of the multifunctional hanging piece is vertically inserted into soil downwards;
each melon seedling is matched with at least one vine climbing hanging belt, the whole watermelon branch adopts a mode of putting two vines on a shelf and climbing one vine, redundant lateral vines are completely removed in the early growth stage, a small amount of lateral vines are left after the watermelon grows, when the watermelon grows to 0.9-1.2 kg, the melon starts to be hung, young melons are placed in a special plastic net bag, and the plastic net bag is evenly hung on a multifunctional hanging piece on the vine climbing hanging belt and basically kept at the same height;
(7) and (3) pollination and fruit retention: performing artificial supplementary pollination in the flowering period, namely selecting male flowers and female flowers which are in blooming, picking 1 male flower at 7-10 am, and applying pollen on the heads of female flower columns, wherein 2-3 female flowers can be fertilized in 1 male flower; or 1-2 boxes of bees are placed in each mu of land in the full-bloom period, and the bees are utilized for supplementary pollination;
(8) and (3) long-season cultivation: under the condition of a facility greenhouse, by enhancing the management of rich water and branches, 4-5 batches of watermelon are continuously harvested in the growing period of facility mini-watermelon spanning three seasons of spring, summer and autumn.
2. The method for cultivating small-sized watermelons in a vertical frame and climbing combined mode according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the watermelon field is a leisure land or a wasteland, the rotation period of the field where the watermelons are planted is more than 5 years, and the previous crops are beans or grain crops.
3. The method for cultivating the small-sized watermelons in the vertical frame and climbing ground combined mode according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), good fruit bearing performance, high fruit commodity rate, good yield, 2-3kg of weight of a single watermelon, low-temperature and weak light resistance and outstanding comprehensive resistance are selected.
4. The method for cultivating mini-watermelon in a vertical frame and climbing combined mode according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), grafted seedlings are selected and grafted by a grafting method, one leaf of each stock seedling is one heart, and cotyledons of each scion seedling are basically flattened.
5. The method for cultivating small-sized watermelons in a vertical frame and climbing composite mode according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient soil for growing the watermelons is 1000kg of field soil, 200kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1.0kg of compound fertilizer according to a formula, wherein N is P2O5∶K2O is 15: 15, and the trace elements in Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, greenhouse, etc. are not less than 500 ppm.
6. The method for cultivating the mini-watermelon by combining the vertical frame and the ground climbing according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), 25-40 kg of quicklime or 25kg of lime nitrogen and 1000kg of decomposed chicken manure are applied to each mu; 100kg of rape seed cakes, 15kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 15kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N: P) are applied to each mu one week before field planting2O5∶K2O is 15: 15), 10kg of potash fertilizer, 20kg of phosphate fertilizer and 300g of boric fertilizer, the fertilizers are applied, and then harrowing and harrowing are carried out for 1 time to prepare ridging with the width of 2.5m, the width of each shed is 2 ridges, and the width of each furrow is 30 cm; during planting, holes are drilled at a plant spacing of 45-55 cm, and 450-550 plants are planted per mu.
7. The method for cultivating mini-watermelon in a vertical and climbing combined manner according to claim 1, wherein in the step (7), 3-4 days after the watermelon is set, whether the watermelon is set successfully is checked, and pollination and fruit setting are continued when the next female flower blooms if the watermelon is not set.
8. The method for cultivating mini-watermelon in a vertical frame and climbing combined mode according to claim 1, wherein in the step (8), by utilizing the unlimited growth and strong branching of the watermelon, after the watermelon is ripe and harvested, the watermelon is harvested, and through the steps of enhancing the management of fertilizer and water, cutting off aged tendrils and tendrils, and enabling the adventitious tendrils of the watermelon to bear fruits again, multiple harvesting is achieved, and 4-5 batches are harvested.
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| JP2005312391A (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-10 | Tetsuya Murakami | Plant growth inducing device |
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| CN105940941A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-09-21 | 镇江中和园林有限公司 | Watermelon planting management method |
| CN206674628U (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-11-28 | 浙江省农村发展集团上虞有限公司 | The climing rope hook of Special-purpose hanger of cultivated plant |
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| US4703584A (en) * | 1984-08-07 | 1987-11-03 | Les Toles Inoxydables Et Speciales Ugine Gueugnon | Sliding vine post and method |
| JPH0998672A (en) * | 1995-10-04 | 1997-04-15 | Sanwa Corp:Kk | Binding tool for supporting post or the like |
| JP2005312391A (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-10 | Tetsuya Murakami | Plant growth inducing device |
| CN201341349Y (en) * | 2008-12-24 | 2009-11-11 | 龙学标 | Vine plant rope-climbing frame |
| CN102450152A (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-16 | 柏建余 | Cultivation technology for watermelon |
| CN103430793A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-12-11 | 安徽省滨江农业科技有限公司 | Watermelon suspension cultivation method and cultivation pergola thereof |
| CN105940941A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-09-21 | 镇江中和园林有限公司 | Watermelon planting management method |
| CN206674628U (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-11-28 | 浙江省农村发展集团上虞有限公司 | The climing rope hook of Special-purpose hanger of cultivated plant |
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| CN108782059A (en) | 2018-11-13 |
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