CN110972865A - Gastrodia elata planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a gastrodia elata planting method which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing seeds; s2, asexual propagation; s2.1, culturing the bacterial material; s2.2, planting the gastrodia elata; s2.3, cultivating and managing the sowed gastrodia elata, waiting for the gastrodia elata to grow and forming the gastrodia elata; s3, sexual reproduction; s3.1, hybrid seed production; s3.2, culturing a bacterial bed; s3.3 sowing S3.4 cultivation management is carried out on the sowing of the S3.3, the gastrodia elata is harvested after the gastrodia elata grows and is grown. In the whole breeding process, the gastrodia elata seeds, armillaria mellea and germination bacteria are simultaneously cultured, so that the seed activity of the gastrodia elata seeds is improved, each link of gastrodia elata planting is guaranteed to be smoothly connected, and the gastrodia elata is guaranteed to be smoothly planted.

Description

Gastrodia elata planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a gastrodia elata planting method.

Background

Gastrodia elata, also known as Thymus chinensis, Pleioblastus Amboinicus, Lysimachia christinae Hance, ghost, Mupu, Gastrodia elata, Dingfeng grass, Bailongpi, etc., is a perennial herb of Gastrodia genus of Orchidaceae. Tall gastrodia tuber rhizome is thick and without green leaves, and capsule is oval in shape like egg, and is usually propagated as tuber or seed. Rhizoma gastrodiae is a rare traditional Chinese medicine for treating dizziness, numbness of limbs, infantile convulsion and other symptoms.

The existing gastrodia elata planting mainly takes farmer self-reserving seeds as main seeds, the sexual performance is degraded due to long-term selfing, and the vitality of gastrodia elata seeds is reduced. Some growers do not fully consider the requirements of the gastrodia elata on the natural ecological environment, and blindly introduce the gastrodia elata in large quantities, so that the introduction and cultivation are failed or the yield is reduced, the quality of the gastrodia elata seeds is low, and a standard seed system is not formed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: provides a gastrodia elata planting method, and solves the technical problems of degeneration of gastrodia elata seeds, low gastrodia elata products, poor quality and the like caused by unreasonable planting methods in the conventional gastrodia elata planting method.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the gastrodia elata planting method comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing seeds

S1.1 preparation of strains: culturing Armillaria mellea and germination bacteria;

s1.1, preparing gastrodia elata seeds: putting the germination bacterium strains obtained in the S1.1 and the gastrodia elata fruits into a storage bag, pinching to open gastrodia elata, shaking out seeds, and uniformly mixing the seeds with the germination bacteria; sealing the plastic bag, vacuumizing, applying pressure to the object in the plastic bag, and keeping for 20-28min to obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae seeds;

s2 asexual propagation

S2.1 culture of bacterial Material

S2.1.1 making wood segment base material: in the fungus material making period, sawing a fresh tree stick with the diameter of 6-18cm into tree sections with the length of 40-60 cm, and cutting down a fish scale opening at the bark of the tree stick;

s2.1.2 digging a pit on the ground, wherein the pit depth is 40-60 cm;

s2.1.3 laying wood segment layer: paving a layer of wood section base materials at the bottom of the pit, and filling gaps among the wood section base materials with wet sand;

s2.1.4 laying strain seed layer: paving a layer of armillaria mellea strain on the wood section layer;

s2.1.5, continuously and crossly paving a wood section layer and a strain layer according to S2.1.3 and S2.1.4 until the total height of the paved layer is 5-15 cm away from the pithead;

s2.1.6 covering the uppermost strain layer with wet sand, making the surface of the covered wet sand flush with the ground, and culturing for 40-60 days to obtain Armillaria mellea strain;

s2.2 planting of Gastrodia elata

S2.2.1 digging S2.1.6 bacteria during planting rhizoma Gastrodiae;

s2.2.2 digging planting pits: digging a concave ridge with the depth of 30cm and the width of 1 m;

s2.2.3 placing 1 fungus material as edge fungus material on each side of the bottom of the concave ridge, placing multiple fungus materials and multiple new materials at intervals in sequence between the edge fungus materials, and spacing the two adjacent materials by 2-3 cm;

s2.2.4 sowing the first layer of rhizoma Gastrodiae: placing the seeds of rhizoma Gastrodiae close to the fungus material in parallel; after 1 layer of the seeds are planted, filling gaps among the materials and gaps among the gastrodia elata seeds with the materials by using wet sand soil, and uniformly paving the wet sand soil with the thickness of 1-3 cm;

s.2.2.5 repeating S2.2.4 for second layer seeding;

s2.2.6 covering a second layer of the seeds with wet sandy soil with the thickness of 8-12 cm for sealing and burying;

s2.3, cultivating and managing the sowed gastrodia elata, waiting for the gastrodia elata to grow and forming the gastrodia elata;

s3 sexual reproduction

S3.1 hybrid seed production

S3.1.1 seed selection: digging the gastrodia elata obtained in the step S2.3, and selecting fresh, undamaged and healthy gastrodia elata as seed gastrodia elata;

s3.1.2 companion planting: in the planting period of the gastrodia elata, placing a plurality of fungus materials on the ground, horizontally placing the seed gastrodia elata between the fungus materials with the terminal buds facing upwards, and covering with humus;

s3.1.3 cultivating and managing the sown seed hemp, waiting for the seed hemp to grow and flower;

s3.1.4 pollination: after the gastrodia elata blooms, artificial pollination is carried out so that the flowers are successfully pollinated and fruity;

s3.1.5 collecting seeds from bottom to top when the lower fruit of rhizoma Gastrodiae is mature;

s3.2 culture fungus bed

S3.2.1 digging seedbed: in 3-4 months, selecting a soil with a deep soil layer, leveling, then drilling into concave ridges with the width of 1m, the length of 3-5 m and the depth of 30cm, wherein the ridge width is 30-40 cm, and leveling the bottom of the ridge;

s3.2.2 placing the fungus material on the bottom layer of the seedbed, wherein the distance between the two materials is not more than 1.5cm, and filling the gap with moist sand;

s3.3.3 placing new material on the fungus material, and filling wet sand between the new material and making it flush with the ground;

s3.3.4 waiting for 3-4 months, culturing the new material on the upper layer of the fungus material into new fungus material;

s3.3 sowing

S3.3.1 removing the cultured fungus material on the upper layer of the fungus bed, removing sand in the gaps of the fungus material on the lower layer, filling fallen leaves in the gaps, and spreading the fungus bed;

s3.3.2 uniformly sowing S3.1.5 obtained rhizoma Gastrodiae seeds on fallen leaves, covering with the original upper layer of fungus material, and covering with 10-13 cm thick wet sandy soil;

and S3.4, cultivating and managing the S3.3.2 sowed seeds, waiting for the gastrodia elata to grow and form the gastrodia elata, and harvesting the gastrodia elata.

Further, the germination bacteria are dendrobe lentinus edodes.

Further, in S1.1, the step of culturing the germinal bacteria species is as follows:

A. separating out dendrobe lentinus edodes from the soil of the dry branch and fallen leaf layer and the surface layer in the forest;

B. b, putting the dendrobe lentinus edodes strain obtained in the step a into a slant culture medium, and culturing for 40-50 days in an environment with the temperature of 20 ℃ and the humidity of 35-40%;

C. the dendrobe lentinus edodes is subjected to spore germination and intrabasal hypha growth stage, aerial hypha growth stage, spore formation stage, spore maturation stage and inclined plane aging hypha autolysis stage to obtain spores, and the spores are continuously cultured to selectively breed the dendrobe lentinus edodes with stable character and high efficiency as germination bacteria.

Further, in S1.1, the step of culturing the Armillaria mellea strain is as follows:

a. preparing a bacterium source: collecting fruiting body of Armillaria mellea which develops normally but the umbrella is not unfolded in autumn, and rhizoma Gastrodiae tuber with Armillaria mellea fun rope attached on surface as materials, and performing tissue separation to obtain young Armillaria mellea rope;

b. sterilizing a slant culture medium and an incubator for culturing armillaria mellea;

c. cleaning the young strongylocentrotus nudus obtained in the step a with clear water, inoculating the cleaned young strongylocentrotus nudus to the culture medium treated in the step b, and culturing the culture medium in a constant-temperature incubator at 25 ℃ for 15-25 days to enable the strongylocentrotus nudus to overgrow the whole slant culture medium;

d. and c, separating out armillaria mellea rhizomes from the slant culture medium in the step c, transferring the separated armillaria mellea rhizomes onto a new slant culture medium, and culturing under the same temperature condition to obtain pure armillaria mellea strains.

Further, the step of culturing the armillaria species further comprises a secondary species solid culturing step after step d, wherein the solid secondary species culturing step comprises the following steps:

e. digging a cellar with the length of 6 feet, the width of 2 feet and the depth of 1 foot;

f. paving a layer of pine and cedar sawdust at the bottom of the pit;

g. removing a layer of halimasch strain obtained in the step d;

h. repeating the step f and the step g, and stacking the layers to the soil surface;

i. watering, and maintaining the culture layer at 70-80% humidity.

Further, the step of culturing the Armillaria mellea strain further comprises a secondary strain liquid culture step after the step d, and the liquid secondary strain culture step comprises the following steps:

e', taking 100 ml of the liquid shaking culture medium and filling the liquid shaking culture medium into a 300 ml triangular flask;

f', inoculating the armillaria mellea obtained in the step d into a culture medium;

g', placing the triangular flask in a thermostat with the temperature of 25-26 ℃ for liquid static culture for 20-30 days.

Further, in S2.1.2, a hole is dug on a sunny slope which is permeable to air and beneficial to water.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the gastrodia elata planting method, gastrodia elata seeds, armillaria mellea and germination bacteria are simultaneously cultured in the whole breeding process, so that the seed activity of the gastrodia elata seeds is improved, each link of gastrodia elata planting is guaranteed to be smoothly connected, and the gastrodia elata is guaranteed to be smoothly planted;

2. according to the gastrodia elata planting method, the asexual propagation mode is adopted for the first-step cultivation, and then the sexual propagation technology is optimized, so that the gastrodia elata planting method can effectively prevent the degeneration of gastrodia elata seeds and the reduction of quality and yield caused by asexual propagation, and fundamentally solves the problem of cultivation degeneration of gastrodia elata;

3. the gastrodia elata planting method provided by the invention has the advantages that the germination bacteria and armillaria mellea are artificially cultured, the degeneration of the strains can be effectively prevented, and the genetic stability rate of the strains is ensured.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments are briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts, and the proportional relationship of each component in the drawings in the present specification does not represent the proportional relationship in the actual material selection design, and is only a schematic diagram of the structure or the position, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of example 5.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

The term "connected" in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be any conventional connection means such as integral molding, welding, riveting, etc., and the specific connection means may be suitably selected according to the conventional technical knowledge in the art. All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1.

Example 1

The gastrodia elata planting method comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing seeds

S1.1 preparation of strains: culturing Armillaria mellea and germination bacteria;

s1.1, preparing gastrodia elata seeds: putting the germination bacterium strains obtained in the S1.1 and the gastrodia elata fruits into a storage bag, pinching to open gastrodia elata, shaking out seeds, and uniformly mixing the seeds with the germination bacteria; sealing the plastic bag, vacuumizing, applying pressure to the object in the plastic bag, and keeping for 20-28min to obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae seeds;

s2 asexual propagation

S2.1 culture of bacterial Material

S2.1.1 making wood segment base material: in the fungus material making period, sawing a fresh tree stick with the diameter of 6-18cm into tree sections with the length of 40-60 cm, and cutting down a fish scale opening at the bark of the tree stick;

s2.1.2 digging a pit on the ground, wherein the pit depth is 40-60 cm, and preferably digging a pit on a ventilated and limp sunny slope;

s2.1.3 laying wood segment layer: paving a layer of wood section base materials at the bottom of the pit, and filling gaps among the wood section base materials with wet sand;

s2.1.4 laying strain seed layer: paving a layer of armillaria mellea strain on the wood section layer;

s2.1.5, continuously and alternately paving a wood section layer and a strain layer according to S2.1.3 and S2.1.4 until the total distance between the paved height and the pit opening is 5-15 cm, and the quantity of strain materials placed in each pit is not more than 200;

s2.1.6 covering the uppermost strain layer with wet sand, making the surface of the covered wet sand flush with the ground, and culturing for 40-60 days to obtain Armillaria mellea strain;

s2.2 planting of Gastrodia elata

S2.2.1 digging S2.1.6 bacteria during planting rhizoma Gastrodiae;

s2.2.2 digging planting pits: digging a concave ridge with the depth of 30cm and the width of 1 m;

s2.2.3 placing 1 fungus material as edge fungus material on each side of the bottom of the concave ridge, placing multiple fungus materials and multiple new materials at intervals in sequence between the edge fungus materials, and spacing the two adjacent materials by 2-3 cm;

s2.2.4 sowing the first layer of rhizoma Gastrodiae: placing the seeds of rhizoma Gastrodiae close to the fungus material in parallel; after 1 layer of the seeds are planted, filling gaps among the materials and gaps among the gastrodia elata seeds with the materials by using wet sand soil, and uniformly paving the wet sand soil with the thickness of 1-3 cm;

s.2.2.5 repeating S2.2.4 for second layer seeding;

s2.2.6 covering a second layer of the seeds with wet sandy soil with the thickness of 8-12 cm for sealing and burying;

s2.3, cultivating and managing the sowed gastrodia elata, waiting for the gastrodia elata to grow and forming the gastrodia elata;

s3 sexual reproduction

S3.1 hybrid seed production

S3.1.1 seed selection: digging the gastrodia elata obtained in the step S2.3, and selecting fresh, undamaged and healthy gastrodia elata as seed gastrodia elata;

s3.1.2 companion planting: in the planting period of the gastrodia elata, placing a plurality of fungus materials on the ground, horizontally placing the seed gastrodia elata between the fungus materials with the terminal buds facing upwards, and covering with humus;

s3.1.3 cultivating and managing the sown seed hemp, waiting for the seed hemp to grow and flower;

s3.1.4 pollination: after the gastrodia elata blooms, artificial pollination is carried out so that the flowers are successfully pollinated and fruity;

s3.1.5 collecting seeds from bottom to top when the lower fruit of rhizoma Gastrodiae is mature;

s3.2 culture fungus bed

S3.2.1 digging seedbed: in 3-4 months, selecting a soil with a deep soil layer, leveling, then drilling into concave ridges with the width of 1m, the length of 3-5 m and the depth of 30cm, wherein the ridge width is 30-40 cm, and leveling the bottom of the ridge;

s3.2.2 placing the fungus material on the bottom layer of the seedbed, wherein the distance between the two materials is not more than 1.5cm, and filling the gap with moist sand;

s3.3.3 placing new material on the fungus material, and filling wet sand between the new material and making it flush with the ground;

s3.3.4 waiting for 3-4 months, culturing the new material on the upper layer of the fungus material into new fungus material;

s3.3 sowing

S3.3.1 removing the cultured fungus material on the upper layer of the fungus bed, removing sand in the gaps of the fungus material on the lower layer, filling fallen leaves in the gaps, and spreading the fungus bed;

s3.3.2 uniformly sowing S3.1.5 obtained rhizoma Gastrodiae seeds on fallen leaves, covering with the original upper layer of fungus material, and covering with 10-13 cm thick wet sandy soil;

and S3.4, cultivating and managing the S3.3.2 sowed seeds, waiting for the gastrodia elata to grow and form the gastrodia elata, and harvesting the gastrodia elata.

In the whole breeding process, the gastrodia elata seeds, armillaria mellea and germination bacteria are simultaneously cultured, so that the seed activity of the gastrodia elata seeds is improved, smooth connection of each gastrodia elata planting link is guaranteed, and smooth planting of the gastrodia elata is guaranteed. In the invention, the wood with the armillaria mellea is called as a fungus material, and the fungus material is called as a fresh wood section with the fungus, and the fresh wood section is a fresh wood section, namely the wood without the armillaria mellea.

The prior artificial cultivation of the gastrodia elata adopts an asexual propagation method, and the asexual propagation of multiple generations can degrade gastrodia elata seeds, thereby reducing the yield and the quality of the gastrodia elata. Generally, when asexually propagated hemp seeds are subjected to asexual cultivation, the input-output ratio is about 1: 2, when the first generation of the ramie seeds which have relatively low yield and are propagated sexually are subjected to asexual cultivation, the input-output ratio in 1 year is about 1: 50, about 1 in year 2: 40, the year after year, year by year, the ramie seeds are eliminated in the 4 th year. Therefore, the sexual reproduction can fundamentally solve the problem of gastrodia cultivation degradation. Therefore, the method firstly adopts the asexual propagation mode to carry out the first-step cultivation, and then carries out the optimization of the sexual propagation technology, thereby effectively preventing the degradation of the gastrodia seeds and the reduction of the quality and the yield caused by the asexual propagation and fundamentally solving the degradation problem of the gastrodia cultivation.

Meanwhile, the time for obtaining the next generation of the gastrodia elata by asexual propagation needs 50 days, the propagation time is short, the time cost is low, but the quality of the gastrodia elata is continuously reduced. The sexual propagation time of the gastrodia elata is high in cost, but the problem of the quality reduction of the gastrodia elata can be effectively solved. Therefore, the present invention adopts asexual propagation to expand the number of high quality gastrodia tuber in short time and then sexual propagation to optimize the quality of gastrodia tuber and sesame seed.

Example 2

This example is an example of the germinating bacteria, based on example 1.

In the invention, the germination bacteria are dendrobe lentinus edodes. The main reasons for selecting the dendrobe lentinus edodes as the germination bacteria required by planting the gastrodia elata are as follows:

(1) the dendrobe and lentinus edodes belongs to lentinus edodes fungi, belongs to saprophytic plants, grows on fallen leaves in mountain forests, has strong decomposition capacity on cellulose, leaves fall off on the ground in autumn and winter, contact with withered branches and rotted leaves with soil surface moisture retention, and can invade into gastrodia elata seeds with vitality to ensure that the seeds grow symbiotically;

(2) the dendrobe lentinus edodes is a kind of aerobic fungus which is mainly distributed in dry branches and fallen leaves layer and surface soil in forests, and the growth of the fungus is not influenced by too much culture material or too tight bottle cap in the culture process, so that the dendrobe lentinus edodes is used as the germination fungus of the gastrodia elata, and the dendrobe lentinus edodes is more advantageous and more convenient to plant;

(3) the dendrobe lentinus edodes has no infection capacity on gastrodia tuber, is a weak parasitic bacterium, can only infect basal cells of gastrodia seed embryo, and can simultaneously exist in the same vegetative propagation stem after the armillaria mellea invades the vegetative propagation stem differentiated from the protocorm;

(4) the growth conditions of the dendrobe and lentinus edodes such as the pH value of soil, the optimal growth temperature and the optimal growth humidity are most similar to the optimal growth conditions of the gastrodia elata.

Preferably, the method comprises the following steps of carrying out purification cultivation on dendrobe lentinus edodes in a laboratory:

A. separating out dendrobe lentinus edodes from the soil of the dry branch and fallen leaf layer and the surface layer in the forest;

B. b, putting the dendrobe lentinus edodes strain obtained in the step a into a slant culture medium, and culturing for 40-50 days in an environment with the temperature of 20 ℃ and the humidity of 35-40%; in the process of preparing the slant culture medium, the quality of the sterilized culture medium needs to be strictly controlled, and the culture medium is placed at a proper temperature for a certain time, so that no condensed water appears on the slant, and the water is beneficial to spore growth; the slant culture medium preferably adopts semisynthetic culture medium, and contains potato as main ingredient;

C. the dendrobe lentinus edodes is subjected to spore germination and intrabasal hypha growth stage, aerial hypha growth stage, spore formation stage, spore maturation stage and inclined plane aging hypha autolysis stage to obtain spores, and the spores are continuously cultured to selectively breed the dendrobe lentinus edodes with stable character and high efficiency as germination bacteria.

The artificial culture of the germinating bacteria by the method can effectively prevent the degeneration of the strains and ensure that the genetic stability rate of the germinating bacteria reaches 98 percent.

Example 3

This example is an explanation of the culture of Armillaria mellea strains.

The Armillaria mellea is a saprophytic fungus of Armillaria mellea of the family Burritaceae, which grows in mountain forests, and the stumps, roots, trunks and branches of the early rotten tree and the wet parts of the brook and the brook, the Armillaria mellea is most favored to grow in the slightly acidic soil area, the development stage of the Armillaria mellea can be divided into two parts of mycelium and fruiting body, the high-quality Armillaria mellea is characterized in that ① wood is hard and is not easy to rot, ② mycelium grows vigorously, white growing points are arranged at the tips, the mycelium is uniformly distributed, and ③ fungi are fresh and not rotted and cultured.

The Armillaria mellea is wild, so the Armillaria mellea is inconvenient to collect, the Armillaria mellea is limited in quantity, and the requirement on scientific research and production of the Gastrodia elata cannot be met. Therefore, the isolation and culture of pure species of Armillaria mellea is required to provide species of Armillaria mellea for production

In the invention, the culture steps of the armillaria mellea strain are as follows:

a. preparing a bacterium source: collecting wild tender rhizomes of the Armillaria mellea according to morphological characteristics and ecological characteristics of the Armillaria mellea, preferably collecting fruiting bodies of the Armillaria mellea which develops normally but has not developed in autumn, and tubers of Gastrodia elata with the Armillaria mellea rhizomes attached to the surfaces of the fruiting bodies as materials, and performing tissue separation to obtain tender rhizomes of the Armillaria mellea; tissue isolation must be performed under sterile conditions.

b. Sterilizing a slant culture medium and an incubator for culturing armillaria mellea, wherein the slant culture medium rich in magnesium ions, vitamins, a carbon source and a nitrogen source is used for separation and inoculation;

c. cleaning the young strongylocentrotus nudus obtained in the step a with clear water, inoculating the cleaned young strongylocentrotus nudus to the culture medium treated in the step b, and culturing the culture medium in a constant-temperature incubator at 25 ℃ for 15-25 days to enable the strongylocentrotus nudus to overgrow the whole slant culture medium;

d. and c, separating out armillaria mellea rhizomes from the slant culture medium in the step c, transferring the separated armillaria mellea rhizomes onto a new slant culture medium, and culturing under the same temperature condition to obtain pure armillaria mellea strains.

In the breeding of the strain, the PCR amplification technology is adopted to detect the genetic material of the strain, and the genetic stability of the strain is judged after the continuous culture of various indexes, and the strain is qualified when the stable and invariant rate reaches 98 percent and is used as the strain.

And (3) preservation of armillaria mellea strains: the strain is stored in a refrigerator at 0-5 ℃, and the tube is rotated once every 3-4 months, so that the strain is prevented from aging and variation, and the vigorous vitality of the strain is kept. The tube is changed to a slant culture medium, and the nutrient substances are changed to be new after being consumed, so as to maintain the activity.

Further, the step of culturing the Armillaria mellea strain further comprises a secondary strain culture step after the step d, and the secondary strain culture can adopt a solid culture mode or a liquid culture mode. The purpose of the secondary strain culture is mainly to culture more strains with genetic stability for production.

The secondary strain solid culture step comprises the following steps:

e. digging a cellar with the length of 6 feet, the width of 2 feet and the depth of 1 foot indoors or outdoors;

f. paving a layer of pine and cedar sawdust at the bottom of the pit;

g. removing a layer of halimasch strain obtained in the step d, or directly cutting old mushroom materials into pieces and putting the pieces in the pieces, and watering the pieces thoroughly;

h. repeating the step f and the step g, and stacking the layers to the soil surface;

i. watering, and maintaining the culture layer at 70-80% humidity.

In solid culture, one month to one half month, the growth of halimasch rhizomes is vigorous and dense. The solid culture method has the advantages of convenient material acquisition, simple culture method, good effect and suitability for popularization.

The secondary strain liquid culture step comprises the following steps:

e', taking 100 ml of the liquid shaking culture medium and filling the liquid shaking culture medium into a 300 ml triangular flask;

f', inoculating the armillaria mellea obtained in the step d into a culture medium;

g', placing the triangular flask in a thermostat with the temperature of 25-26 ℃ for liquid static culture for 20-30 days.

The method of liquid static culture adopted in the invention saves agar, does not need a shaking table, and the growth of the armillaria mellea is good, thus being an economic and suitable culture method for popularization.

The liquid culture can also adopt oscillation culture, the main advantage of the liquid oscillation culture is that the culture time is short, the strain can be well cultured within one week of the liquid oscillation culture, and then the wood can be dipped in the bacterial liquid, or the bacterial liquid is poured on the wood for inoculation to culture the bacterial material.

The Armillaria mellea artificially cultured by the method can effectively prevent the degeneration of the strain and ensure that the genetic stability rate of the Armillaria mellea reaches 98 percent.

Example 4

With respect to breeding and planting, the following are noted and suggested:

1. site selection

The planting field of the gastrodia elata seeds meets the following requirements:

(1) the management is standard, the planting field is provided with a greenhouse or a warm shed, so that the gastrodia elata can be protected from wind and sun, and the optimal growth condition of the gastrodia elata is provided;

(2) the periphery of the planting field is not connected with the vegetable field;

(3) the soil of the planting field is loose and the water drainage is good.

2. Bedding making

Making furrow with length of 3-4 m, width of 1m and depth of 15cm in shed or greenhouse, and using humus soil as culture soil for planting hemp and sowing.

3. Seed selection

The seed hemp for producing sexual seeds is arrow hemp, which is harvested in the current year, and arrow hemp with complete individual development, no damage, no disease and pest damage, plump terminal bud and weight over 100 g is selected as mother hemp for cultivating seeds.

4. Planting time of seed ramie

The cultivation of Gastrodia elata is generally from 10 months later to 4 months next. Sowing before the soil is frozen in the last 10 th to last 12 th months is winter planting, and sowing after the soil is thawed in 3-4 months in spring is spring planting.

5 field selection for gastrodia elata cultivation

The cultivation field is selected to satisfy the cool taste of the gastrodia, the PH value, the temperature and the humidity are suitable, and a shady and unshaded sunny slope is preferably selected. Conditions such as soil, weather temperature, humidity and the like in the flat Wu area can meet the optimal requirements of gastrodia elata cultivation.

6. Bed building

The land can be bedded on the spot according to the width of 80cm, the depth of 10cm and the length of no limit; the landscape slope topography of the barren field sloping field builds up ladder type transverse ridges, the distance between each ridge is about 1m, trees and weeds on the edges of the ridges are reserved as far as possible, and shading and ridge collapse prevention are facilitated.

7. Sowing and cultivating

Arranging the fungus section cylinders with the diameter of 5-8 cm and the length of 30cm at the bottom of the furrow according to a square frame shape like a Chinese character 'tian', and arranging 15 fungus sections per square meter. Then, the fungus branches with the diameter of about 2cm and the length of 10cm are scattered in the open spaces of the fungus material frames, and about 2kg of the fungus branches are scattered in the open spaces of each frame and are parallel to the fungus materials. Then, gastrodia elata seeds are dibbled at two ends and two sides of each tube of fungus material, and about 500g of gastrodia elata seeds are sowed at fixed points of every square meter. Finally, filling gaps between the fungus materials and the fungus branches with moist sandy loam or humus soil with the pH value of 5-6 to cover the fungus materials to the depth of 2cm, covering dry branches and leaves with the thickness of 10-20cm on the surface of the full-furrow soil, and weeding, and dredging drainage ditches.

Example 5

Based on the above embodiments, in the actual planting process of gastrodia elata, it is preferable to select an appropriate planting address, and perform operations of weeding, irrigation and drainage, nursing, pest control, etc. according to the existing planting manner, and the specific flow is shown in fig. 1. In fig. 1, the seed collection is to select a seed with excellent quality from seeds as a seed for subsequent sowing.

In the invention, the Pingwu area is selected, and the corresponding gastrodia elata planting instruction is carried out.

In the Pingwu area, the operations of asexual propagation, sexual propagation, seed cultivation and the like are explained as follows:

1. vegetative propagation

(1) Culturing of bacterial material

In 5-8 months, selecting cyclobalanopsis glauca in Pingwu area or planting rhizoma Gastrodiae with agricultural waste straw and miscellaneous tree, adopting tree rod with diameter of 6-18cm, sawing into segments with length of 50cm, and spreading fish scale opening on bark of the tree rod with chopper. And then selecting a ventilating and diuresis-promoting sunny slope, and digging a pit with the pit depth of 50 cm. Firstly, a layer of fresh wood section is paved at the bottom of the pit, and then the gap is filled with wet sand soil. The moisture content of the wet sandy soil is about 65 percent, namely the wet sandy soil can be agglomerated by hand and can be dispersed when falling on the ground. The second layer is spread with strains. Then continuing to form a layer of tree sticks and a layer of strains until the distance between the tree sticks and the pithead is 10 cm. Finally, the wet sand is used for covering and leveling the ground. The fungus material can grow well after being cultured for about 50 days and can be put into use. The quantity of the fungus materials placed in each pit is not more than 200.

(2) Planting of hemp seeds

Gastrodia elata can be planted in spring or winter. Planting in spring for 3-4 months, and planting in winter for 11-12 months. The planting method adopts a method of adding new materials into fungus materials, concave furrows with the depth of 30cm, the width of 1m and the length of the furrows determined by the row direction are dug, 1 fungus material is respectively placed on two sides of the lower layer of each furrow, the middle fungus material and the new materials are placed at intervals, and the interval between every two adjacent materials is 2-3 cm. The row length is determined according to the planting scale self-adaptability, the planting scale is large, the number of required bacteria is large, and the row length can be longer; otherwise, the length can be shortened.

The sown hemp seeds are arranged in parallel close to the fungus materials. After 1 layer of the soil is planted, the gaps are filled with wet sand soil, and then wet sand soil with the thickness of 2cm is uniformly paved. After the seeding of the 1 st layer is finished, the 2 nd layer of mushroom material is put in the same method, the 2 nd layer of gastrodia elata is sowed, and the moist sand is used for filling the gaps. Only 2 layers can be sown in each pit. Finally covering with wet sandy soil with the thickness of about 10cm for sealing and burying.

After several months, mature rhizoma Gastrodiae can be obtained for subsequent sexual reproduction.

2. Sexual reproduction

(1) Hybrid seed production

In winter or spring, selecting fresh, undamaged and strong rhizoma Gastrodiae obtained by asexual propagation, and performing concomitant cultivation with 1 layer of fungus material. During planting, the seeds are laid horizontally with the terminal buds facing upwards and covered with humus soil. And covering the spring planting with moist humus soil with the thickness of 3 cm. The method comprises the steps of firstly covering humus soil with the thickness of about 16cm in winter cultivation, and then digging the humus soil in spring. After the gastrodia elata seedlings emerge, a shady shed is built for shading, and the gastrodia elata is bound and dried to prevent lodging. Watering in proper amount during drought. After the gastrodia elata blooms, artificial pollination is carried out to improve the fruit setting rate. And after 6-7 months, collecting the lower fruits from bottom to top when the lower fruits are ripe upwards successively. After picking fruits, the required fungus materials are prepared, the seeds are shaken out, and then the seeds are sowed.

(2) Culture fungus bed

In 3-4 months, planting land with deep soil layer is selected, the land is leveled and then is made into concave ridges with the width of 1m, the length of 3-5 m and the depth of 30cm, ridge width is 30-40 cm, and the bottom of the ridge is leveled. Selecting high-quality fungus material, placing the fungus material on the bottom layer of the seedling bed, and filling the gap with moist sand soil, wherein the distance between the two materials is not more than 1.5 cm. And placing new materials on the fungus materials, filling wet sand soil between the new materials and enabling the new materials to be matched with the ground. After the gastrodia elata seeds in the hybrid seed production are mature, the gastrodia elata seeds can be used for planting.

(3) Sowing method

And (3) in 7-8 months, seeds in hybrid seed production are mature, when the seeds are mature, the cultured fungus materials on the upper layer of the fungus bed are removed, sandy soil in gaps of the fungus materials on the lower layer is removed, fallen leaves are filled between the gaps, the fungus bed is paved, the gastrodia elata seeds are uniformly sowed on the fallen leaves, the original upper layer fungus materials are covered, and finally, wet sandy soil with the thickness of 10-13 cm is covered. Harvesting and transplanting can be carried out in 11 months in the 2 nd year after sowing.

Example 4

Preferred description about the planting environment of gastrodia elata.

As wild gastrodia elata grows in summer and is cold, the altitude is 1000-1800 m, the annual rainfall is 1400-1600 mm, the air relative humidity is 80-90%, the soil humidity is 50-70%, and the air temperature is no more than 25 ℃. Wild gastrodia elata grows in felled grocery forests and places or bamboo forest lands where lots of stumps and rotten roots remain. The artificial planting of the gastrodia elata can be generally carried out in the area with the altitude of 800-1800 m, but the area with the altitude of 1100-1600 m is more suitable. The altitude of the flat Wu area is 1000 m to 2500 m, the soil is yellow brown soil to dark brown soil, the organic matter content is more than 3.5 percent, the pH value is 5.5 to 6.5, and the area is exposed to the sun with rich humus. The environment of the Pingwu area can meet the growth conditions that the gastrodia elata is favored to grow in the loose, more humus and slightly acidic soil with good air permeability.

In the production area where Pingwu is planted as gastrodia elata, two environments can be adopted for planting:

1. indoor planting

The indoor planting can be selected from a greenhouse, a proper basement, an air-raid shelter, a waste factory building and a waste empty room. The indoor planting of gastrodia elata requires sandy soil, fresh wood, armillaria mellea and gastrodia elata seeds.

2. Outdoor planting

The outdoor planting can be planted in wastelands and mountain forests, wastelands for more than two years are abandoned, and farmlands which do not use chemical fertilizers can be planted for more than two years. Outdoor planting requires fresh wood, Armillaria mellea and rhizoma Gastrodiae seeds.

The following points should be noted when planting the gastrodia elata:

(1) the humidity of the sand is preferably controlled to be 40%, the proper humidity must be achieved, the sand is piled up without water seepage, and the sand is preferably stretched into the sand by hands to be wetted;

(2) the film is not broken in the planting process so as to avoid the loss of moisture;

(3) the water seepage layer at the bottom layer is slightly higher at two sides and lower in the middle to facilitate the seepage of water from the middle;

(4) gastrodia elata can not be used for directly sunning the sun except in winter;

(5) the use of pesticides is prohibited.

Example 5

This example is described with respect to the picking of Gastrodia elata.

During collection, covering soil or covering on the upper part of the planting field is removed, when the planting field is close to a sesame layer, attention needs to be paid to avoid damaging the fungus sticks and the gastrodia tubers, when the fungus sticks and the gastrodia tubers are seen, the fungus sticks can be taken firstly, the gastrodia tubers can be taken firstly, the first layer is taken out, and then the second layer is slowly taken out until the whole piece is taken out. The gastrodia elata is taken from the planting field and gently placed without damaging the tuber of the gastrodia elata.

Example 6

In the whole planting process of the gastrodia elata, the treatment adopts a conventional management mode, and the following management points can be preferably adopted for operation.

1. Temperature management

The method starts from two aspects of high temperature prevention and frost damage prevention. The temperature in summer is controlled within 30 ℃, and the temperature is reduced by adopting the measures of building a shed, spraying water, covering leaves of bean curd and the like. Before winter comes, the low temperature is prevented by grass and fallen leaves or thickening a covering soil layer. When summer comes, attention is paid to shading. The shed is used for shading to avoid high temperature rotten hemp.

2. Moisture management

And controlling the humidity. Cleaning ditches and draining stains in continuous overcast and rainy days, and removing sludge; when the humidity is too high, the surface soil needs to be raked, and the evaporation capacity is increased: the exposed fungus material should be covered with soil in time.

The soil temperature is controlled between 10% and 20% from winter to next spring (before Qingming). The soil humidity can be improved by about 60 percent in 4-6 months. When the gastrodia elata grows in the peak season in 6-8 months, the nutrition accumulation reaches the peak, and at the moment, water is preserved, the temperature is reduced, the soil moisture is preserved, the water is drained, and the comprehensive management is carried out. And when the soil temperature reaches 9 months, the soil humidity of the ridge bed is controlled to be below 40 percent, the soil temperature is reduced to 10 ℃ in the last ten days of 10 months, and the gastrodia elata enters the dormancy stage, so that the gastrodia elata can be uncovered and excavated.

3. Land management

After planting, the furrow soil is not moved, and the weed is immediately pulled out. Covering soil immediately after rain, loosening the surface soil for 1 time every 2 weeks in the growth period.

4. Hazard control

Rhizoma Gastrodiae is mainly affected by rot and sunscald, and its main pests harmful to its growth include Gryllotalpa, Bufo laevigata, aphid, and Formica fusca

(1) The method for preventing and treating the rot disease comprises the following steps: the land selection is proper, the management of indoor and outdoor planting fields is enhanced, drought prevention and waterlogging prevention are well performed, and the humidity is kept stable. Provides the optimal condition for the growth of the Armillaria mellea to inhibit the growth of mixed bacteria. Selecting intact, non-tetanus and fresh-color kenaf as seed hemp, digging and transporting without damaging and solarizing, and the strain quantity is sufficient, and the strain with mixed bacteria can not be used. The culture medium for planting rhizoma Gastrodiae is preferably piled up, sterilized, and air-dried. Loose soil such as clean and sterile humus soil, leaves, sawdust and the like is selected as a filler, and gaps are filled, so that the compaction is not needed, the missing filling is not needed, and the rhizoma gastrodiae is sufficient in nutrition and good in growth after being sowed.

(2) The control method of sunscald comprises the following steps: before stem extraction, a shed is constructed.

(3) The grub control method comprises the following steps: when land preparation and planting and gastrodia elata harvesting are carried out, the grubs dug out are killed: before sowing or planting, a solution of 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution 30 times is sprayed on the bottom and four walls of the cellar, and the solution is mixed in the filling soil. If the cultivation is finished, the medicine can be watered in holes by using 700-1000 times liquid or 90 percent aqueous solution diluted by dipterex 800 times: and a black light lamp is arranged to trap and kill the imagoes.

(4) The control method of scale insects comprises the following steps: when rhizoma Gastrodiae is collected, if tuber or fungus material has mealy scale, the rhizoma Gastrodiae in the hole should be collected separately, and if severe, the fungus stick can be placed in the original hole and burnt with oil to avoid spreading.

(5) The method for preventing and controlling aphids comprises the following steps: spraying 1000 times of 48% lesi missible oil for 1 time every 7 days, and using for 4 times in each season at most; or 3000 times of 20% benezin missible oil, wherein the spraying is carried out once every 7 days, and the spraying is carried out 3 times in each season at most.

(6) The termite control method comprises the following steps: the phototaxis of the termite is utilized to set moth-trapping lamps in the places with the termites in the morning and at the evening every day for trapping and killing the winged termite adults in 4-7 months when the termites fly.

(7) The prevention and control method of mole cricket comprises the following steps: cooking 5kg of blighted grain to be half cooked, or frying 5kg of wheat bran, cake, cottonseed cake, etc., mixing with the medicine (90% of dipterex 150g is mixed with water to be 3 times liquid) to prepare poison bait, and scattering the poison bait at the tunnel where mole cricket moves in the absence of wind and stuffiness at night: the characteristic of strong phototaxis of the mole cricket is utilized, and a black light lamp is arranged to trap and kill adults.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be made by those skilled in the art without inventive work within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.

Claims (7)

1. The gastrodia elata planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing seeds

S1.1 preparation of strains: culturing Armillaria mellea and germination bacteria;

s1.1, preparing gastrodia elata seeds: putting the germination bacterium strains obtained in the S1.1 and the gastrodia elata fruits into a storage bag, pinching to open gastrodia elata, shaking out seeds, and uniformly mixing the seeds with the germination bacteria; sealing the plastic bag, vacuumizing, applying pressure to the object in the plastic bag, and keeping for 20-28min to obtain rhizoma Gastrodiae seeds;

s2 asexual propagation

S2.1 culture of bacterial Material

S2.1.1 making wood segment base material: in the fungus material making period, sawing a fresh tree stick with the diameter of 6-18cm into tree sections with the length of 40-60 cm, and cutting down a fish scale opening at the bark of the tree stick;

s2.1.2 digging a pit on the ground, wherein the pit depth is 40-60 cm;

s2.1.3 laying wood segment layer: paving a layer of wood section base materials at the bottom of the pit, and filling gaps among the wood section base materials with wet sand;

s2.1.4 laying strain seed layer: paving a layer of armillaria mellea strain on the wood section layer;

s2.1.5, continuously and crossly paving a wood section layer and a strain layer according to S2.1.3 and S2.1.4 until the total height of the paved layer is 5-15 cm away from the pithead;

s2.1.6 covering the uppermost strain layer with wet sand, making the surface of the covered wet sand flush with the ground, and culturing for 40-60 days to obtain Armillaria mellea strain;

s2.2 planting of Gastrodia elata

S2.2.1 digging S2.1.6 bacteria during planting rhizoma Gastrodiae;

s2.2.2 digging planting pits: digging a concave ridge with the depth of 30cm and the width of 1 m;

s2.2.3 placing 1 fungus material as edge fungus material on each side of the bottom of the concave ridge, placing multiple fungus materials and multiple new materials at intervals in sequence between the edge fungus materials, and spacing the two adjacent materials by 2-3 cm;

s2.2.4 sowing the first layer of rhizoma Gastrodiae: placing the seeds of rhizoma Gastrodiae close to the fungus material in parallel; after 1 layer of the seeds are planted, filling gaps among the materials and gaps among the gastrodia elata seeds with the materials by using wet sand soil, and uniformly paving the wet sand soil with the thickness of 1-3 cm;

s.2.2.5 repeating S2.2.4 for second layer seeding;

s2.2.6 covering a second layer of the seeds with wet sandy soil with the thickness of 8-12 cm for sealing and burying;

s2.3, cultivating and managing the sowed gastrodia elata, waiting for the gastrodia elata to grow and forming the gastrodia elata;

s3 sexual reproduction

S3.1 hybrid seed production

S3.1.1 seed selection: digging the gastrodia elata obtained in the step S2.3, and selecting fresh, undamaged and healthy gastrodia elata as seed gastrodia elata;

s3.1.2 companion planting: in the planting period of the gastrodia elata, placing a plurality of fungus materials on the ground, horizontally placing the seed gastrodia elata between the fungus materials with the terminal buds facing upwards, and covering with humus;

s3.1.3 cultivating and managing the sown seed hemp, waiting for the seed hemp to grow and flower;

s3.1.4 pollination: after the gastrodia elata blooms, artificial pollination is carried out so that the flowers are successfully pollinated and fruity;

s3.1.5 collecting seeds from bottom to top when the lower fruit of rhizoma Gastrodiae is mature;

s3.2 culture fungus bed

S3.2.1 digging seedbed: in 3-4 months, selecting a soil with a deep soil layer, leveling, then drilling into concave ridges with the width of 1m, the length of 3-5 m and the depth of 30cm, wherein the ridge width is 30-40 cm, and leveling the bottom of the ridge;

s3.2.2 placing the fungus material on the bottom layer of the seedbed, wherein the distance between the two materials is not more than 1.5cm, and filling the gap with moist sand;

s3.3.3 placing new material on the fungus material, and filling wet sand between the new material and making it flush with the ground;

s3.3.4 waiting for 3-4 months, culturing the new material on the upper layer of the fungus material into new fungus material;

s3.3 sowing

S3.3.1 removing the cultured fungus material on the upper layer of the fungus bed, removing sand in the gaps of the fungus material on the lower layer, filling fallen leaves in the gaps, and spreading the fungus bed;

s3.3.2 uniformly sowing S3.1.5 obtained rhizoma Gastrodiae seeds on fallen leaves, covering with the original upper layer of fungus material, and covering with 10-13 cm thick wet sandy soil;

and S3.4, cultivating and managing the S3.3.2 sowed seeds, waiting for the gastrodia elata to grow and form the gastrodia elata, and harvesting the gastrodia elata.

2. The method for planting Gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the germination bacteria are dendrobe lentinus edodes.

3. The method for planting Gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in S1.1, the steps of culturing the germination bacteria strain are as follows:

A. separating out dendrobe lentinus edodes from the soil of the dry branch and fallen leaf layer and the surface layer in the forest;

B. b, putting the dendrobe lentinus edodes strain obtained in the step a into a slant culture medium, and culturing for 40-50 days in an environment with the temperature of 20 ℃ and the humidity of 35-40%;

C. the dendrobe lentinus edodes is cultured to obtain spores, the spores are continuously cultured, and the dendrobe lentinus edodes with stable characters and high efficiency is bred as germination bacteria.

4. The method for planting Gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in S1.1, the culturing of the Armillaria mellea strain comprises the following steps:

a. preparing a bacterium source: collecting fruiting body of Armillaria mellea which develops normally but the umbrella is not unfolded in autumn, and rhizoma Gastrodiae tuber with Armillaria mellea fun rope attached on surface as materials, and performing tissue separation to obtain young Armillaria mellea rope;

b. sterilizing a slant culture medium and an incubator for culturing armillaria mellea;

c. cleaning the young strongylocentrotus nudus obtained in the step a with clear water, inoculating the cleaned young strongylocentrotus nudus to the culture medium treated in the step b, and culturing the culture medium in a constant-temperature incubator at 25 ℃ for 15-25 days to enable the strongylocentrotus nudus to overgrow the whole slant culture medium;

d. and c, separating out armillaria mellea rhizomes from the slant culture medium in the step c, transferring the separated armillaria mellea rhizomes onto a new slant culture medium, and culturing under the same temperature condition to obtain pure armillaria mellea strains.

5. The method for planting Gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the step of culturing the armillaria species further comprises a secondary species solid culture step after the step d, wherein the secondary species solid culture step comprises the following steps:

e. digging a cellar with the length of 6 feet, the width of 2 feet and the depth of 1 foot;

f. paving a layer of pine and cedar sawdust at the bottom of the pit;

g. removing a layer of halimasch strain obtained in the step d;

h. repeating the step f and the step g, and stacking the layers to the soil surface;

i. watering, and maintaining the culture layer at 70-80% humidity.

6. The method for planting Gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the step of culturing the armillaria mellea strain further comprises a secondary strain liquid culture step after the step d, wherein the secondary strain liquid culture step comprises the following steps:

e', taking 100 ml of the liquid shaking culture medium and filling the liquid shaking culture medium into a 300 ml triangular flask;

f', inoculating the armillaria mellea obtained in the step d into a culture medium;

g', placing the triangular flask in a thermostat with the temperature of 25-26 ℃ for liquid static culture for 20-30 days.

7. The method for planting Gastrodia elata as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, wherein: in S2.1.2, digging a pit on a sunny slope which is air permeable and favorable for water.

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