CN105009894A - Cotton plantation method suitable for saline-alkali dry land - Google Patents
Cotton plantation method suitable for saline-alkali dry land Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention provides a cotton plantation method suitable for a saline-alkali dry land. The method comprises the following steps: digging multiple sawing trenches arranged in parallel in an arable land; respectively arranging a first ridge and a second ridge whose directions are consistent with the direction of the sawing trenches at the two sides of each sawing trench, wherein only one ridge is arranged between every two adjacent plantation trenches; and sawing cotton seeds in the sawing trenches, and carrying out film mulching on all the sawing trenches and the second ridges of every two adjacent sawing trenches. The method provided by the invention can effectively utilize limited precipitation in the plantation period of cotton, accumulates rainfall in the sawing trenches, and has moisture increasing, salt pressing and seed retention effects. At the same time, the evaporation amount of the large ridge of nudation is large, salt in soil is concentrated towards the ridges, salt threats at the roots of cotton seedlings are reduced, the rate of emergence of the cotton seedlings planted in the saline-alkali dry land of a coastal region is greatly improved, and the output of cotton is also substantially improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cotton planting field, in particular to a kind of cotton planting method being applicable to saline and alkaline nonirrigated farmland.
Background technology
There is a large amount of saline and alkaline nonirrigated farmland in Bohai Rim, the saline and alkaline type of this Soils In The Region is various, Spring sowing date drought, and freshwater resources are seriously deficient, and land resources utilization rate is low, and grain yield is low and unstable.And cotton drought resisting Salinity adaptability is strong, there is the title of saline land pioneer crop, can normal growth in the soil of salt content less than 0.3%.Therefore a large amount of cottons has been planted by this area.
At present, be mainly direct seeding tectorial membrane cropping pattern in the sowing cotton seed method of coastal saline-alkali nonirrigated farmland extensive use, its method of operating is: after the moisture creating of arable land, rotary-tillage suppressing, uses the direct after planting overlay film of existing cotton planter, a machine duplicate rows, little line width 40 ~ 60cm, large line width 60 ~ 80cm.There is following shortcoming in this method: namely after cotton emerges, drop on a small amount of rainwater on mulch film and can not penetrate in soil in time due to the insulating effect of mulch film, be stored on mulch film or flow to bare area in the ranks, become invalid precipitation, spring limited rainwater is made not play the benefit moisture in the soil in cotton shoot root portion pressure salt action, the salt content of soil can not get improving, thus cause cotton emergence rate and planting percent undesirable, output of cotton is lower.
In view of this, special proposition the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods being applicable to the cotton in saline and alkaline nonirrigated farmland, the method can effectively utilize precipitation limited in cotton's seeding time, by rain water-harvesting in seed furrow, plays the effect increasing moisture in the soil, press salt, keep a full stand of seedings.The large ridge evaporation discharge of bare area is large simultaneously, and the salinity in soil is concentrated on ridge, reduces the Salt Strees Condition in cotton shoot root portion, the cotton emergence rate of planting in the saline and alkaline nonirrigated farmland of coastal region is improved greatly, thus output of cotton is also significantly improved.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy by the following technical solutions:
Be applicable to the cotton planting method in saline and alkaline nonirrigated farmland, comprise the steps:
(1) in arable land, excavate the seed furrow of multiple arranged in parallel;
(2), be respectively arranged with in the both sides of all seed furrows and move towards the first consistent alley and the second alley with described seed furrow, the height of described first alley is greater than the height of described second alley, and only arranges an alley between two often adjacent plantation ditches;
(3), by cotton seeds be seeded in seed furrow, and by all seed furrows and the second alley overlay film of being in often between adjacent two seed furrows.
Adopt cotton planting method provided by the invention when coastal saline-alkali nonirrigated farmland plant cotton, owing to covering two row seed furrows under plastic foil, namely have employed " the two ditch of a film " implantation methods, and there is height higher than the second alley of seed furrow between two row seed furrows, therefore, landing rainwater on the plastic film in the seed furrow of the second alley both sides, can be pooled to cotton seedling root along hole of emerging by potential barrier everywhere.This is not only the moisture that Cotton Seedling-Growth provides necessary, the salinity in cotton seedling root soil can also be pressed to deep soil.
Meanwhile, due to the impermeable role of plastic foil, after rain, the evaporation of moisture is mainly carried out at the first alley place.Therefore, according to the moisture-salt transport rule of " salt is walked with water ", the salt branch of Young Cotton seedling root moves in the top topsoil of the first alley with moisture evaporation, thus reach the salt content reduced in cotton seedling root soil, alleviate the object of coercing suffered by cotton seedling, the cotton emergence rate of planting in saline and alkaline nonirrigated farmland is improved greatly, thus output of cotton is also significantly improved.
The cotton planting method being applicable to saline and alkaline nonirrigated farmland provided by the invention, Overall Steps can adopt and manually operate, and also can adopt integrated machine, will dig seed furrow, ridging, sowing and overlay film institutional operation, more time saving and energy saving.
Preferably, the face, ridge of described first alley and described second alley is all in arch.
Become invalid precipitation in order to avoid rainwater is deposited in plastic film, preferably, the outer surface of cupular part of described second alley is arch, thus makes rainwater by the physical features of the second alley, more easily flows to seed furrow.
In saline and alkaline nonirrigated farmland during plant cotton, cotton root usually can not robustly grow because of the salinity piled up in soil, and in order to overcome this problem, in cotton planting method provided by the invention, preferably the outer surface of cupular part of described first alley is arch.Outer surface of cupular part is the first high in the middle of alley of arch, and distant with cotton root, when moisture evaporates, the salt branch at root place moves to root position far away, thus alleviates the coercion of salinity to root growth.
Further preferably, the aspect ratio of described first alley and described second alley is: (8 ~ 10): (15 ~ 20).
More preferably, the distance between often adjacent seed furrow is equal, and the distance of every adjacent rows seed furrow is 4 ~ 6 times of described seed furrow width.
Preferably, the height of described first alley is 15 ~ 20cm.
In order to ensure the emergence rate of cotton seeds, preferably, the degree of depth of described seed furrow is 8 ~ 10cm.
Because cotton is sun plant, in order to ensure sufficient illumination, the quality of the growth and cotton that are conducive to cotton improves, and the distance of the preferred adjacent rows seed furrow of the present invention is 60 ~ 70cm, and the width of seed furrow is 13 ~ 15cm.Meanwhile, the setting of this line-spacing and width also can meet the harvesting width of existing large-scale cotton picking machine, prepares for realizing harvesting mechanization.
After planting, soil horizon provides sufficient moisture for it to cotton seeds, but if sowing depth is not suitable for, the top soil ability of cotton seedling cannot break through soil horizon, thus causes emergence rate to decline.In cotton planting method provided by the invention, preferably, in step (3), the degree of depth of described sowing is 2.5 ~ 3.5cm, thus the emergence rate of cotton seeds.
Preferably, before step (1), also comprise the steps: arable land to carry out rotary tillage.
Preferably, after step (2), before step (3), also comprise the steps: to water in seed furrow, the water yield 10 ~ 20m
3/ mu.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) " the two ditch of a film " implantation methods is adopted, namely cover the implantation methods of two row seed furrows with plastic foil simultaneously, owing to there is height higher than the second alley of seed furrow between two row seed furrows, therefore, landing rainwater on the plastic film in the seed furrow of the second alley both sides, can be pooled to cotton seedling root along hole of emerging by potential barrier everywhere.This is not only the moisture that Cotton Seedling-Growth provides necessary, the salinity in cotton seedling root soil can also be pressed to deep soil.
(2) in the present invention, due to the impermeable role of plastic foil, after rain, the evaporation of moisture is mainly carried out at the first alley place.Therefore, according to the moisture-salt transport rule of " salt is walked with water ", the salt branch of Young Cotton seedling root moves in the top topsoil of the first alley with moisture evaporation, thus reach the salt content reduced in cotton seedling root soil, alleviate the object of coercing suffered by cotton seedling, the cotton emergence rate of planting in the saline and alkaline nonirrigated farmland of coastal region is improved greatly, thus output of cotton is also significantly improved.
(3) in the present invention, the outer surface of cupular part of the second alley is curved, and avoiding rainwater to be deposited in plastic film becomes invalid precipitation, thus makes rainwater by the second alley physical features, more easily flows to seed furrow.
(4) in the present invention, the outer surface of cupular part of the first alley is arch, thus makes in the middle of the first alley high, distant with cotton root, when moisture evaporates, the salt branch at root place moves to root position far away, thus alleviates the coercion of salinity to root growth.
(5) in the present invention, the width of seed furrow is 13 ~ 15cm, and the degree of depth is 8 ~ 10cm, ensures the emergence rate of cotton seeds.The line-spacing of adjacent rows seed furrow is set to 60 ~ 70cm simultaneously, ensure as cotton growth provides sufficient illumination, the quality of the growth and cotton that are conducive to cotton improves, and this line-spacing also can meet the harvesting width of existing large-scale cotton picking machine, prepares for realizing harvesting mechanization.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below.
Fig. 1 is existing cotton planting method schematic cross-section, i.e. direct seeding tectorial membrane implantation methods schematic cross-section.
Fig. 2 is cotton planting method schematic cross-section provided by the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the Cotton rhizosphere soil moisture content of experimental group and control group and the comparing result of electrical conductivity in process of the test in 2014.
Fig. 4 be experimental group and control group in process of the test in 2014 seedling stage diverse location soil salt content comparing result.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiment of the present invention are described in detail, but it will be understood to those of skill in the art that the following example only for illustration of the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention.Unreceipted actual conditions person in embodiment, the condition of conveniently conditioned disjunction manufacturer suggestion is carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, be and can buy by commercially available the conventional products obtained.
In embodiment provided by the present invention, the field management in the period such as flower bud phase, flowering and boll-setting period, the term of opening bolls after the seedling management of cotton and cotton emerge is conventional method, does not repeat one by one at this.
Embodiment 1
Adopt method provided by the invention plant cotton in coastal saline-alkali nonirrigated farmland, specifically comprise the steps:
In arable land, excavate the seed furrow of multiple arranged in parallel, the width of seed furrow is set to 13cm, and the degree of depth is set to 8cm, and the distance of every adjacent rows seed furrow is all identical, is set to 60cm.If arable area is less, artificial method can be adopted to carry out the excavation work of above-mentioned seed furrow.If arable area is comparatively large, machinery can be adopted to carry out, according to the distance between the width of the good seed furrow of above-mentioned standard configuration and the degree of depth and adjacent rows seed furrow.
First alley and the second alley are set respectively in the both sides of all seed furrows, the height (height of alley and alley peak are with the distance between alley bottom surface) of described first alley is 15cm, the height of described second alley is 8cm, and only arranges an alley between two often adjacent plantation ditches.The bottom width of described first alley and the second alley is identical with the distance between adjacent rows seed furrow, and the first alley all moves towards consistent with described seed furrow with the trend of the second alley.
Finally, be seeded in by cotton seeds in seed furrow, seed random distribution, not in lines, seeding quantity controls at every mu of 1.5 ~ 2kg.After sowing, by all seed furrows and the second alley overlay film of being in often between adjacent two seed furrows, that is, under two row seed furrows of the second alley and both sides being covered same plastic foil, then not overlay film on the first alley.When rainfall, rainwater falls on the plastic film, can easily flow to the seed furrow of the second alley both sides, be pooled to cotton seedling root along hole of emerging due to the reason of the second alley physical features.
Embodiment 2
Adopt method provided by the invention plant cotton in coastal saline-alkali nonirrigated farmland, specifically comprise the steps:
Adopt machinery to carry out rotary tillage to soil, and spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer equably according in arable land after rotary tillage of the standard of 20 ~ 30 kilograms every mu, guarantee the fertility of soil.
Then, in arable land, excavate the seed furrow of multiple arranged in parallel, the width of seed furrow is set to 15cm, and the degree of depth is set to 10cm, and the distance of every adjacent rows seed furrow is all identical, is 70cm.
First alley and the second alley are set respectively in the both sides of all seed furrows, the height (height of alley and alley peak are with the distance between alley bottom surface) of described first alley is 20cm, the height of described second alley is 10cm, and only arranges an alley between two often adjacent plantation ditches.The bottom width of described first alley and the second alley is identical with the distance between adjacent rows seed furrow, and the first alley all moves towards consistent with described seed furrow with the trend of the second alley.
If seedtime rainfall is less, then after setting up alley, need irrigate arable land, guarantee the emergence rate of cotton.Irrigation can adopt land for growing field crops flood irrigation, or in order to economize on water, can only irrigate seed furrow, the water rate control of irrigation is at 10 ~ 20m
3/ mu.
Finally, be seeded in by cotton seeds in seed furrow, seed random distribution, not in lines, seeding quantity controls at every mu of 1.5 ~ 2kg.After sowing, by all seed furrows and the second alley overlay film of being in often between adjacent two seed furrows, that is, under two row seed furrows of the second alley and both sides being covered same plastic foil, then not overlay film on the first alley.When rainfall, rainwater falls on the plastic film, can easily flow to the seed furrow of the second alley both sides, be pooled to cotton seedling root along hole of emerging due to the reason of the second alley physical features.
Experimental example
Test in 2013 is carried out in slight alkaline land, soil salt content 0.2%; Test in 2014 is carried out in heavy salinized ground, soil salt content 0.4%.
Using cotton planting method provided by the present invention as experimental group, as a control group, both contrast existing cotton planting method (i.e. direct seeding tectorial membrane cropping pattern).
The cotton planting method of experimental group, with embodiment 2, first, adopts machinery to carry out rotary tillage to soil, and spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer equably according in arable land after rotary tillage of the standard of 20 ~ 30 kilograms every mu, guarantees the fertility of soil.
Then, in arable land, excavate the seed furrow of multiple arranged in parallel, the width of seed furrow is set to 15cm, and the degree of depth is set to 10cm, and the distance of every adjacent rows seed furrow is all identical, is 70cm.First alley and the second alley are set respectively in the both sides of all seed furrows, the height (height of alley and alley peak are with the distance between alley bottom surface) of described first alley is 20cm, the height of described second alley is 10cm, and only arranges an alley between two often adjacent plantation ditches.The bottom width of described first alley and the second alley is identical with the distance between adjacent rows seed furrow, and the first alley all moves towards consistent with described seed furrow with the trend of the second alley.
After setting up alley, irrigate seed furrow, the water rate control of irrigation is at 10 ~ 20m
3/ mu.
Finally, be seeded in by cotton seeds in seed furrow, seed random distribution, not in lines, seeding quantity controls at every mu of 1.5 ~ 2kg.After sowing, by all seed furrows and the second alley overlay film of being in often between adjacent two seed furrows, that is, under two row seed furrows of the second alley and both sides being covered same plastic foil, then not overlay film on the first alley.When rainfall, rainwater falls on the plastic film, can easily flow to the seed furrow of the second alley both sides, be pooled to cotton seedling root along hole of emerging due to the reason of the second alley physical features.
As shown in Figure 2, horizontal line is ground, arable land to its cross sectional representation, and be 5. the second alley, be 6. seed furrow, its degree of depth does not represent in the diagram, is 7. the first alley, is 8. mulch film, is 9. cotton seedling.
The implantation methods of control group comprises the steps:
Adopt machinery to carry out rotary tillage to soil, and spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer equably according in arable land after rotary tillage of the standard of 20 ~ 30 kilograms every mu, guarantee the fertility of soil.
Then, the direct after planting overlay film of existing cotton planter is used, a machine duplicate rows, little line width 40 ~ 60cm, large line width 60 ~ 80cm.Seeding quantity controls at every mu of 2 ~ 3kg.
After sowing, before overlay film, sowing row is irrigated, and then overlay film.
Its cross sectional representation as shown in Figure 1, is 1. cotton seedling, is 2. that cotton planting is capable, be 3. mulch film is 4. in the ranks bare area.
1, cotton shoot survival percent contrast
Sow 20 days " Invest, Then Investigate " emergence rates, its planting percent of device " Invest, Then Investigate " of buddingging.The formula that the basis of emergence rate and planting percent is following:
Emergence rate=several ÷ of emerging (actual Seeding Quantity × percentage of seedgermination),
Planting percent=number of seedling ÷ (actual Seeding Quantity × percentage of seedgermination).
The comparing result of experimental group and control group is as shown in table 1
The comparing result of table 1 emergence rate and planting percent
As can be seen from the comparing result of table 1, in the process of the test of 2013 and 2014, the emergence rate of experimental group and planting percent are all higher than control group.In 2013, the soil salt content of experimental field was lower, although the emergence rate of experimental group and planting percent are all higher than control group, advantage is not very remarkable.But in 2014, when the soil salt content of experimental field is higher, now, the emergence rate of control group is only 32.20%, planting percent is only 30.00%, visible, in the saline and alkaline nonirrigated farmland that salt content is larger, traditional cotton planting method by soil middle and high concentration coercing of salt content and cause emergence rate and planting percent lower.And the emergence rate of experimental group is on 2 times of control group, illustrate that the cotton planting method of " the two ditch of a film " provided by the invention effectively can utilize precipitation, reduce salinity in soil to the coercion of cotton seedling, thus greatly improve emergence rate and planting percent.
2, soil alkaline component content and moisture contrast
As seen from Figure 3, May 11 was to June 4, the water content of the Cotton rhizosphere soil of the two ditch ridge culture (referred to as MO) of one film is higher than general planting technology (referred to as TP), collection rain successful, due to the pressure salt action of rainwater, the electrical conductivity of the Cotton rhizosphere soil of the two ditch ridge culture of one film is reduced, reduces the Saline Alkali Stress to cotton.
As seen from Figure 4, in the seedling stage of cotton growth, below the cotton plant rhizosphere earth's surface of the two ditch ridge culture of one film, 10-20cm soil salt content is significantly lower than general planting technology, and cotton seedling main root system now is just distributed in the 10-20cm soil of below earth's surface, reduce the impact of salinity on Developmental of Cotton.(note: Z – 10 represent below cotton plant rhizosphere earth's surface 10cm, M – 10 represent overlay film in the ranks 10cm, W – 10 below earth's surface represent bare area 10cm below earth's surface in the ranks.)
3, output of cotton contrast
Table 2 experiment degree in 2014 and the output of cotton of contrast groups and the contrast of cotton proterties
| Experimental group | Control group | |
| Single boll weight/g | 6.1±0.3 | 6.1±0.2 |
| Seed refers to/g | 10.7±0.5 | 10.5±0.1 |
| Ginning outturn/% | 42.6±0.8 | 42.7±0.9 |
| Suede length/mm | 29.4±0.7 | 29.3±0.3 |
| Single-strain bell-forming/ | 13.3±0.8 | 11.2±0.5 |
| Theoretical yield/(kg/ mu) | 5149.0±220.5 | 4468.0±286.5 |
| Actual production/(kg/ mu) | 4850.6±263.5 | 3958.5±224.2 |
As can be seen from the above table, the output of cotton of experimental group is the highest up to 1.4 of the output of control group times, can be significantly higher than control group.
Although illustrate and describe the present invention with specific embodiment, however it will be appreciated that can to make when not deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention many other change and amendment.Therefore, this means to comprise all such changes and modifications belonged in the scope of the invention in the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. be applicable to the cotton planting method in saline and alkaline nonirrigated farmland, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) in arable land, excavate the seed furrow of multiple arranged in parallel;
(2), be respectively arranged with in the both sides of all seed furrows and move towards the first consistent alley and the second alley with described seed furrow, the height of described first alley is greater than the height of described second alley, and only arranges an alley between two often adjacent plantation ditches;
(3), by cotton seeds be seeded in seed furrow, and by all seed furrows and the second alley overlay film of being in often between adjacent two seed furrows.
2. implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the face, ridge of described first alley and described second alley is all in arch.
3. implantation methods according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the aspect ratio of described first alley and described second alley is (8 ~ 10): (15 ~ 20).
4. implantation methods according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the distance between often adjacent seed furrow is equal, and the distance of every adjacent rows seed furrow is 4 ~ 6 times of described seed furrow width.
5. the implantation methods according to any one of claim 1-4, is characterized in that, the height of described first alley is 15 ~ 20cm.
6. implantation methods according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the degree of depth of described seed furrow is 8 ~ 10cm.
7. implantation methods according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the distance of seed furrow described in adjacent rows is 60 ~ 70cm, and the width of described seed furrow is 13 ~ 15cm.
8. implantation methods according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in step (3), the degree of depth of described sowing is 2.5 ~ 3.5cm.
9. implantation methods according to claim 5, is characterized in that, before step (1), also comprises the steps: arable land to carry out rotary tillage.
10. implantation methods according to claim 5, is characterized in that, after step (2), before step (3), also comprises the steps: to water in seed furrow, the water yield 10 ~ 20m
3/ mu.
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| CN105830844A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-08-10 | 山东省果树研究所 | Method for planting tea trees in weak-saline-alkali soil |
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| CN106961962A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-07-21 | 合肥云都棉花有限公司 | One implantation methods grown cotton |
| CN107135782A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-09-08 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Cultural method of the South Sinkiang without film cotton |
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| CN105815063A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-08-03 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Method for sowing cotton test field |
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| CN108702889A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-10-26 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | A kind of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore low cost, the method for quick ecological reparation |
| CN108934889A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-07 | 哈密国家农业科技园区管委会 | A kind of method of desulfurized gypsum improvement alkali-affected soil plant cotton |
| CN112292953A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-02-02 | 陕西秦草生态环境科技有限公司 | Deep soil improving and utilizing method |
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