CN108450226A - A method of improving the big tree high position grafting survival rate of oil tea - Google Patents
A method of improving the big tree high position grafting survival rate of oil tea Download PDFInfo
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- CN108450226A CN108450226A CN201810399569.8A CN201810399569A CN108450226A CN 108450226 A CN108450226 A CN 108450226A CN 201810399569 A CN201810399569 A CN 201810399569A CN 108450226 A CN108450226 A CN 108450226A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of the big tree high position grafting survival rate of raising oil tea, including grafting time, Root-stock selection, stock processing, scion acquires, grafting, for the first time around tying up stock, second around tying up stock and foster fertilizing management process, when annual May~fine day in July, select the tea oil tree limb of robust growth on the tea oil tree of 20~30 years age of trees as stock, on the basis of routinely drawing skin cut-grafting method, it is not required to retain nutrition branch and the branch that shades, be used in combination film band from stock base portion from bottom to top a ring immediately a ring with not revealing gap around tying up on back cover moisturizing bag and shade object, when budder survive remove moisturizing bag and shade object after, again with film band around tying up stock, it is managed in conjunction with conventional method after grafting.The present invention can effectively inhibit stock rudiment to sprout, and prevent stock because by sun burns, dehydration, caused stock bark cracks, dead, while effectively reducing and managing and protecting cost after the big tree grafted cucumber of oil tea, and can accelerate oil tea tree crown after grafting and restore to be formed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, are related to a kind of method of the big tree high position grafting survival rate of raising oil tea.
Background technology
Oil tea (Camellia oleiferaAbel. it) is also known as tea seed tree, tea oil tree, is had in Theaceae Camellia Plants
The oil species and the distinctive woody edible oil tannin plant of south China for having higher cultivation economic value, with oil palm, oily olive
Olive, coconut and referred to as four big woody oil tree species of the world.The major product tea oil of oil tea, containing there are many dimensions beneficial to human body to give birth to
Element and trace element, unsaturated fatty acid content reach 90 % or more, are a kind of natural, safety, the high-quality characteristic of health care wood
This high nutrition edible oil is described as " east olive oil " by international market.
In recent years, country, autonomous region pay much attention to camellia oleiferaindustry development, and the development of camellia oleiferaindustry is to safeguarding national grain and oil
The accurate poverty alleviation of safety, boosting and consolidation shake off poverty achievement, the agriculture supply side structural reform of in-depth, high-quality edible oil be provided meet
Consumer demand promotes Green Development and promotes a conservation culture have own strategic significance.Currently, national oil tea cultivated area reaches
More than 6000 ten thousand mu, Guangxi oil tea cultivated area is also up to more than 650 ten thousand mu.Guangxi oil tea cultivated area is only second to Hunan, Jiangxi, but
In existing camellia oleifera lam area, since kind is very different, management is extensive, and the reasons such as age of stand aging cause low yield inefficient,
Low yield forest occupies sizable ratio, and the enthusiasm that not only masses are developed with oil tea adversely affects, but also in certain journey
The development process of camellia oleiferaindustry is constrained on degree.Practice have shown that camellia oleifera cultivar (or strain) can be improved by grafted cucumber, it can
Effectively to improve the yield and quality of tea oil, which is widely used, and can be applied to variety collection, construction oil tea adopts fringe
Garden and low production forest improvement etc..But current existing grafted cucumber technology, managing after grafting is not only of high cost, and oil tea is disconnected
Forest land canopy density reduce after anvil, and stock is serious bark to crack caused by the serious dehydration of stock easily by sun burn, dead,
It causes graft survival rate and storage rate to reduce, finally influences Relationship between Graft Effect.Therefore, how existing grafted cucumber technology is changed
It is good, reduce cost, and effectively prevent to burn stock day, dehydration, improve graft survival rate and storage rate be oil tea grafted cucumber urgently
The key technical problem of solution.
Invention content
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it can effectively inhibit stock rudiment to sprout the present invention provides a kind of, prevent anvil
Wood is because by sun burns, dehydration, caused stock bark cracking is dead, while effectively after the reduction big tree grafted cucumber of oil tea
Cost is managed and protected, and oil tea tree crown after grafting can be accelerated and restore to be formed, reduces and manages and protects cost, and energy after the big tree grafted cucumber of oil tea
Oil tea tree crown restores to be formed after accelerating grafting, the method for improving the big tree high position grafting survival rate of oil tea.
To achieve the goals above, technical scheme is as follows：
A method of improving the big tree high position grafting survival rate of oil tea, including the processing of grafting time, Root-stock selection, stock, scion
Acquisition, grafting, for the first time around tying up stock, second around tying up stock and foster fertilizing management process, when annual May~fine day in July,
Select the tea oil tree limb of robust growth on the tea oil tree of 20~30 years age of trees as stock, in the base for routinely drawing skin cut-grafting method
It on plinth, is not required to retain nutrition branch and the branch that shades, is used in combination sealed polyethylene plastic band from a stock base portion ring immediately one from bottom to top
Ring with not revealing gap around tying up on back cover moisturizing bag and shade object, when budder survive remove moisturizing bag and shade object after, then with poly- second
Alkene plastics film band is managed after grafting in conjunction with conventional method around stock is tied up；It mainly includes the following steps that：
（1）Grafting time：It is grafted when being selected in annual May~fine day in July；
（2）Root-stock selection：Select 20~30 years age of trees tea oil tree, on every plant of tea oil tree select 2~4 be evenly distributed, give birth to
Long healthy and strong tea oil tree limb is as stock；
（3）Stock processing：It is sawed-off in smooth place's saw of the liftoff high 40 cm~80cm of the tea oil tree limb of selection, simultaneously will
With saw, from limb base portion, all saw removes remaining limb；
（4）Scion acquires：Acquire excellent camellia oleifera cultivar tree crown periphery 0.2~0.3cm of middle and upper part thick semi-lignified or lignifying,
It grows normal fringe bar and makees scion, scion cutting surface is whittled into long 2~3cm, retains one leaf of a bud, if blade is excessive, it can prune 1/3~
1/2 blade；
（5）Grafting：It is grafted using conventional drawing skin cut-grafting method, is fixed scion and stock branch bondage with grafting membrane；
（6）For the first time around tying up stock：With 0.06~0.09mm of thickness, the sealed polyethylene plastic band of 5~12 cm of width is from anvil
Immediately a ring is with not revealing gap around tying up for a ring from bottom to top for the wooden base portion, and the grafting membrane of binding scion is connected when with grafting,
Then upper moisturizing bag is covered at scion position, then object shade of shading on moisturizing bag outer layer cover；
（7）Second around tying up stock：When budder survive remove moisturizing bag and shade object after, when grafting tight bind fringe grafting membrane shadow
It rings to release the grafting membrane tightly tied up in time when scion basal growth, 0.06~0.09mm of thickness, the poly- second of 2~3cm of width is used in combination
Alkene plastics film band gently around tie up release grafting membrane after exposed stock；
（8）Foster fertilizing management：Routine Management, annual weeding is combined to combine fertilising 1~2 time, generally pass through 3~4 years after grafting
It manages and protects tree crown to be gradually restored, at this time around tying up the sealed polyethylene plastic of stock also gradually natural degradation, oil tea after 4~5 years
The best fruiting period can be entered.
Above step（3）The stock processing is to remove all limbs in addition to stock from base portion saw, is not required to retain battalion
Support branch and shade branch.
Above step（6）, step（7）It is according to stock size and to tie up away from width to select the width of sealed polyethylene plastic band
To determine.
Above step（6）The shade object is Compositions of Bamboo Shoot Shell or brown paper.
Above step（6）, step（7）It selects around the sealed polyethylene plastic band of stock is tied up to be degradable.
Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the advantage that and has the beneficial effect that：
1, the present invention does not have to retain nutrition branch and shade branch, can effectively reduce tea oil tree nutrient and moisture damage when disconnected anvil is grafted
Consumption, can accelerate to survive, and be conducive to scion growth, meanwhile, using sealed polyethylene plastic around the grafted cucumber method for tying up stock,
Stock moisture content can be effectively lockked, stock is overcome and breaks and easily burnt by day after anvil, easy dehydration causes cion survival rate and storage rate low etc.
Technical problem can effectively improve oil tea and change hat survival rate and storage rate, and stock rudiment can effectively be inhibited to sprout, and it is big to reduce oil tea
Cost is managed and protected after tree grafted cucumber, and oil tea tree crown after grafting can be accelerated and restore to be formed, enters operation period ahead of time.
2, convenient material drawing of the present invention, process is simple, and cion survival rate and storage rate are high, the rapid-result new high yield tree crown of grafting,
Fast up to production, method is direct, with clearly defined objective, and the big tree grafted cucumber production practices of oil tea carried out by the invention are significantly improving
On the basis of grafted cucumber survival rate and storage rate, actively promote the realization of the target of high-yield tea-oil Efficient Cultivation, have compared with
Good economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1：
The big tree of oil tea is carried out in the towns the Tou Pai villages Tong Fu of Guangxi Gold show county change hat grafting in the fine day in May, 2009 to June.Selection 20
The tea oil tree of year age of tree, selects 2 to be evenly distributed, the tea oil tree limb of robust growth is as stock on every plant of tea oil tree.
The smooth place saw of the liftoff high 40cm~50cm of tea oil tree limb of selection is sawed-off, at the same by remaining limb with saw from limb
All saw removes base portion, is not required to retain nutrition branch and the branch that shades.
Acquire the thick semi-lignifieds of excellent camellia oleifera cultivar tree crown periphery 0.2~0.3cm of middle and upper part, the normal fringe bar of growth connects
Scion cutting surface is whittled into long 2~3cm by fringe, and 1/3 blade can be pruned if blade is excessive by retaining one leaf of a bud.Using routine
The method for drawing skin cut-grafting is grafted, and is fixed scion and stock branch bondage with grafting membrane.With 0.06~0.07mm of thickness, root
According to stock size and ties up the sealed polyethylene plastic band away from width selection width 5~7 cm a ring is tight from bottom to top from stock base portion
A ring is connect with not revealing gap around tying up, until being connected with the grafting membrane of binding scion when grafting, is then protected on the cover of scion position
Wet bag, then brown paper shades on moisturizing bag outer layer cover.Remove moisturizing bag and after brown paper when buddering to survive, when grafting tight bind
The grafting membrane of fringe will release the grafting membrane tightly tied up in time when influencing scion basal growth, and 0.06~0.07mm of thickness, root is used in combination
According to stock size and tie up away from width selection width 2~3cm sealed polyethylene plastics band gently around tie up release grafting membrane after exposed anvil
Wood.Selected above around the sealed polyethylene plastic band of stock is tied up is degradable.
Routine Management, annual weeding is combined to combine fertilising 1~2 time after grafting, in October, 2009, investigation, as a result showed grafting
Cion survival rate up to 97%, plant graft survival rate is investigated up in December, 100%, 2010, oil tea grafting scion storage rate
Up to 94%, plant grafts storage rate up to 99%.Tree crown was managed and protected by 3~4 years to be gradually restored, at this time around the polyethylene for tying up stock
Plastic film also gradually natural degradation.
Embodiment 2：
The big tree of oil tea is carried out in the Guangxi Tianyang County Zhenbas Yu Feng mausoleum village Ba Miaotun change hat grafting in the fine day in June, 2009.Selection
The tea oil tree of 25 years age of trees selects 3 to be evenly distributed on every plant of tea oil tree, the tea oil tree limb of robust growth is as stock.
It is sawed-off in smooth place's saw of the liftoff high 60cm~70cm of the tea oil tree limb of selection, at the same by remaining limb with saw from branch
All saw removes in butt portion, is not required to retain nutrition branch and the branch that shades.
Acquire the thick lignifyings of excellent camellia oleifera cultivar tree crown periphery 0.2~0.3cm of middle and upper part, the normal fringe bar of growth connects
Scion cutting surface is whittled into long 2~3cm by fringe, and 1/2 blade can be pruned if blade is excessive by retaining one leaf of a bud.Using routine
The method for drawing skin cut-grafting is grafted, and is fixed scion and stock branch bondage with grafting membrane.With thickness 0.08mm, according to stock
Size and the sealed polyethylene plastic band away from width selection width 8~10 cm is tied up from a stock base portion ring immediately one from bottom to top
Ring around tying up, until being connected with the grafting membrane of binding scion when grafting, then covers upper moisturizing bag with not revealing gap at scion position,
Compositions of Bamboo Shoot Shell is shaded on moisturizing bag outer layer cover again.Remove moisturizing bag and after Compositions of Bamboo Shoot Shell when buddering to survive, when grafting tight bind fringe
Grafting membrane will release the grafting membrane tightly tied up in time when influencing scion basal growth, and thickness 0.08mm is used in combination, according to stock size
And tie up away from width selection width 2~3cm sealed polyethylene plastics band gently around tie up release grafting membrane after exposed stock.It is selected above
It is degradable around the sealed polyethylene plastic band of stock is tied up.
Combine Routine Management, annual weeding that fertilising 1~2 time, the investigation of in September, 2009 is combined as a result to show grafting after grafting
Cion survival rate up to 97%, plant graft survival rate is investigated up in November, 99%, 2010, oil tea grafting scion storage rate reach
95%, plant grafts storage rate up to 98%, managed and protected tree crown by 3~4 years and is gradually restored, and is moulded at this time around the polyethylene for tying up stock
Expect film also gradually natural degradation.
Embodiment 3：
When fine day in July, 2016 the Guangxi Xilin County towns Ba Da carry out oil tea it is big tree change hat grafted.Selection 30 years
The tea oil tree of the age of tree selects 4 to be evenly distributed on every plant of tea oil tree, the tea oil tree limb of robust growth is as stock.It is selecting
Smooth place's saw of the liftoff high 70cm~80cm of tea oil tree limb selected is sawed-off, at the same by remaining limb with saw from limb base
All saw removes in portion, is not required to retain nutrition branch and the branch that shades.
Acquire the thick semi-lignifieds of excellent camellia oleifera cultivar tree crown periphery 0.2~0.3cm of middle and upper part, the normal fringe bar of growth connects
Scion cutting surface is whittled into long 2~3cm by fringe, and 1/3 blade can be pruned if blade is excessive by retaining one leaf of a bud.Using routine
The method for drawing skin cut-grafting is grafted, and is fixed scion and stock branch bondage with grafting membrane.With 0.08~0.09mm of thickness, root
According to stock size and the sealed polyethylene plastic band away from width selection width 10~12 cm is tied up from a stock base portion ring from bottom to top
Immediately a ring is with not revealing gap around tying up, until being connected with the grafting membrane of binding scion when grafting, then on the cover of scion position
Moisturizing bag, then brown paper shades on moisturizing bag outer layer cover.Moisturizing bag is removed when buddering to survive and after brown paper, and when grafting tightly ties up
The grafting membrane of scion will release the grafting membrane tightly tied up in time when influencing scion basal growth, and 0.08~0.09mm of thickness is used in combination,
According to stock size and tie up away from width selection width 2~3cm sealed polyethylene plastics band gently around tie up release grafting membrane after it is exposed
Stock.Selected above around the sealed polyethylene plastic band of stock is tied up is degradable.
Combine Routine Management, annual weeding that fertilising 1~2 time, the investigation of in September, 2016 is combined as a result to show grafting after grafting
Cion survival rate up to 96%, plant graft survival rate is investigated up in December, 99%, 2017, oil tea grafting scion storage rate reach
94%, plant grafts storage rate up to 96%.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method improving the big tree high position grafting survival rate of oil tea, it is characterised in that：Including grafting time, Root-stock selection,
Stock processing, scion acquisition, grafting, for the first time around tying up stock, second around tying up stock and foster fertilizing management process, annual 5
When fine day in the moon~July, select the tea oil tree limb of robust growth on the tea oil tree of 20~30 years age of trees as stock, in routine
Draw skin cut-grafting method on the basis of, be not required to retain nutrition branch and shade branch, be used in combination sealed polyethylene plastic band from stock base portion by
Immediately a ring removes moisturizing bag and screening to a upward ring with not revealing gap around moisturizing bag and shade object on back cover is tied up when buddering to survive down
After shady object, then it is managed in conjunction with conventional method after grafting around stock is tied up with sealed polyethylene plastic band；It include mainly following step
Suddenly：
（1）Grafting time：It is grafted when being selected in annual May~fine day in July；
（2）Root-stock selection：Select 20~30 years age of trees tea oil tree, on every plant of tea oil tree select 2~4 be evenly distributed, give birth to
Long healthy and strong tea oil tree limb is as stock；
（3）Stock processing：It is sawed-off in smooth place's saw of the liftoff high 40 cm~80cm of the tea oil tree limb of selection, simultaneously will
With saw, from limb base portion, all saw removes remaining limb；
（4）Scion acquires：Acquire excellent camellia oleifera cultivar tree crown periphery 0.2~0.3cm of middle and upper part thick semi-lignified or lignifying,
It grows normal fringe bar and makees scion, scion cutting surface is whittled into long 2~3cm, retains one leaf of a bud, if blade is excessive, it can prune 1/3~
1/2 blade；
（5）Grafting：It is grafted using the conventional method for drawing skin cut-grafting, is fixed scion and stock branch bondage with grafting membrane；
（6）For the first time around tying up stock：With 0.06~0.09mm of thickness, the sealed polyethylene plastic band of 5~12 cm of width is from anvil
Immediately a ring is with not revealing gap around tying up for a ring from bottom to top for the wooden base portion, and the grafting membrane of binding scion is connected when with grafting,
Then upper moisturizing bag is covered at scion position, then object shade of shading on moisturizing bag outer layer cover；
（7）Second around tying up stock：When budder survive remove moisturizing bag and shade object after, when grafting tight bind fringe grafting membrane shadow
It rings to release the grafting membrane tightly tied up in time when scion basal growth, 0.06~0.09mm of thickness, the poly- second of 2~3cm of width is used in combination
Alkene plastics film band gently around tie up release grafting membrane after exposed stock；
（8）Foster fertilizing management：Routine Management, annual weeding is combined to combine fertilising 1~2 time, managed and protected by 3~4 years after grafting
Tree crown is gradually restored, at this time around tying up the sealed polyethylene plastic of stock also gradually natural degradation, oil tea after 4~5 years
Into the best fruiting period.
2. a kind of method improving the big tree high position grafting survival rate of oil tea according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
（3）The stock processing is to remove all limbs in addition to stock from base portion saw, is not required to retain nutrition branch and the branch that shades.
3. a kind of method improving the big tree high position grafting survival rate of oil tea according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
（6）, step（7）The width of selection sealed polyethylene plastic band is determined away from width according to stock size and tying up.
4. a kind of method improving the big tree high position grafting survival rate of oil tea according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Shade object be Compositions of Bamboo Shoot Shell or brown paper.
5. a kind of method improving the big tree high position grafting survival rate of oil tea according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
（6）, step（7）It selects around the sealed polyethylene plastic band of stock is tied up to be degradable.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN109197205A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-01-15 | 谢裕大茶叶股份有限公司 | The engrafting method of tea tree |
| CN109197207A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-01-15 | 云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | A kind of method of herb mixtures tea high position grafting |
| CN110754282A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-02-07 | 安徽裕民生态农业有限公司 | Camellia oleifera grafting propagation method |
| CN111937610A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-17 | 信阳农林学院 | Grafting method for camellia oleifera trees |
| CN112262671A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-26 | 百色市林业科学研究所 | Grafting method for camellia oleifera trees |
| CN113491205A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-10-12 | 彭水苗族土家族自治县林业科技推广站 | Camellia oleifera hard branch grafting method |
| CN114916363A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-19 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Simple and efficient camellia oleifera large tree seed changing method |
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| CN109197205A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-01-15 | 谢裕大茶叶股份有限公司 | The engrafting method of tea tree |
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| CN112262671A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-26 | 百色市林业科学研究所 | Grafting method for camellia oleifera trees |
| CN113491205A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-10-12 | 彭水苗族土家族自治县林业科技推广站 | Camellia oleifera hard branch grafting method |
| CN114916363A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-19 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Simple and efficient camellia oleifera large tree seed changing method |
| CN114916363B (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2023-12-01 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Simple and efficient camellia oleifera big tree seed changing method |
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Application publication date: 20180828 |