CN108349799A - 夹层玻璃 - Google Patents
夹层玻璃 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108349799A CN108349799A CN201680067691.4A CN201680067691A CN108349799A CN 108349799 A CN108349799 A CN 108349799A CN 201680067691 A CN201680067691 A CN 201680067691A CN 108349799 A CN108349799 A CN 108349799A
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- face
- glass plate
- angle
- high reflection
- wedge
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 10
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- QLZJUIZVJLSNDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylidenebutanoyloxy)ethyl 2-methylidenebutanoate Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(=C)CC QLZJUIZVJLSNDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006244 ethylene-ethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
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Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Instrument Panels (AREA)
Abstract
本夹层玻璃是具备第一玻璃板,和第二玻璃板,和位于上述第一玻璃板和上述第二玻璃板之间、粘接上述第一玻璃板和上述第二玻璃板的中间膜的夹层玻璃,在将相对于来自光源的可见光的入射角的光反射率为1%以上的面设为高反射面时,在作为上述第一玻璃板的外侧的面的高反射面、和作为上述第二玻璃板的外侧的面的高反射面之间具有1个以上的上述高反射面,配置在邻接的上述高反射面之间的部分具备楔角。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及夹层玻璃。
背景技术
近年,正在逐步导入使图像反射在车辆的挡风玻璃上、在驾驶员的视野中显示规定的信息的抬头显示器(以下称HUD),但是在驾驶员识别车外的风景和通过HUD显示的信息时,有时双重图像成为问题。
在对于车辆的驾驶员而言成为问题的双重图像中,有透视双重图像和反射双重图像,在挡风玻璃中存在使用HUD的HUD显示区域和不使用HUD的HUD显示外区域(透视区域)的情况下,虽然在HUD显示区域中也存在透视双重图像的问题,但大体上反射双重图像成为主要问题,在HUD显示外区域中存在透视双重图像的问题。
已知通过在挡风玻璃使用楔状的夹层玻璃可减少这样的反射双重图像或透视双重图像。例如,提出了用2块玻璃板夹持中间膜、整体上制成楔状的夹层玻璃(例如,参照专利文献1)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利特开平07-175007号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的技术问题
但是,通常在车辆的挡风玻璃中,使用用2块玻璃板夹持中间膜的结构的夹层玻璃,包括对任一块玻璃板与中间膜的交界面实施了高反射处理的夹层玻璃,对一块玻璃板与中间膜的交界面、以及另一块玻璃板与中间膜的交界面实施了高反射处理的夹层玻璃。
在这些情况下,上述的反射双重图像成为反射三重图像或反射四重图像,但在以往的楔状的夹层玻璃中,无法减少反射三重图像以上的反射多重图像。
本发明是鉴于上述问题而产生的发明,其课题是提供能够减少反射三重图像以上的反射多重图像的、具有楔角的夹层玻璃。
解决技术问题所采用的技术方案
本夹层玻璃是具备第一玻璃板,和第二玻璃板,和位于上述第一玻璃板和上述第二玻璃板之间、粘接上述第一玻璃板和上述第二玻璃板的中间膜的夹层玻璃,在将相对于来自光源的可见光的入射角的光反射率为1%以上的面设为高反射面时,在作为上述第一玻璃板的外侧的面的高反射面、和作为上述第二玻璃板的外侧的面的高反射面之间具有1个以上的上述高反射面,配置在邻接的上述高反射面之间的部分具备楔角。
发明的效果
如果采用本公开的技术,则可提供能够减少反射三重图像以上的反射多重图像的、具有楔角的夹层玻璃。
附图说明
图1是对双重图像的概念进行说明的图。
图2是对车辆用的挡风玻璃进行说明的图。
图3是与图2的XZ平面平行的部分的剖面图。
图4是例示挡风玻璃的图。
图5是例示高反射膜与具备楔角的部分的位置关系的图(其1)。
图6是例示高反射膜与具备楔角的部分的位置关系的图(其2)。
图7是例示高反射膜的位置与反射多重图像的角度的关系的图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图对用于实施本发明的方式进行说明。各附图中,有时对相同结构部分标注相同符号,省略其重复说明。另外,此处,以车辆用的挡风玻璃为例进行说明,但不受此所限,本实施方式的玻璃在车辆用的挡风玻璃以外也能够适用。
[反射双重图像、透视双重图像]
首先,对反射双重图像和透视双重图像的概念进行说明。图1是对双重图像的概念进行说明的图,图1(a)表示反射双重图像,图1(b)表示透视双重图像。另外,图1中,将搭载挡风玻璃20的车辆的前后方向作为X,将车辆的左右方向作为Y,将垂直于XY平面的方向作为Z(之后的图也相同)。
如图1(a)所示,HUD的光源10射出的光线11a的一部分被车辆的挡风玻璃20的内表面21反射,作为光线11b(一次光线)被导至驾驶员的眼30,在挡风玻璃20前方作为像11c(虚像)被驾驶人观察到。
此外,从HUD的光源10射出的光线12a的一部分从车辆的挡风玻璃20的内表面21侵入内部发生折射,其一部分被外表面22反射。进而,其一部分从内表面21向车辆的挡风玻璃20的外部射出,发生折射,作为光线12b(二次光线)被导至驾驶人的眼30,作为像12c(虚像)被驾驶人观察到。另外,挡风玻璃20的厚度固定,内表面21和外表面22平行。
这样,驾驶员所观察到的像11c和像12c这2个像是反射双重图像。此外,光线11b(一次光线)和光线12b(二次光线)所成的角度为反射双重图像的角度α。反射双重图像的角度α越接近于零则越优选。
此外,如图1(b)所示,从光源40射出的光线41a的一部分从车辆的挡风玻璃20的外表面22侵入到内部,发生折射。进而,其一部分从内表面21向挡风玻璃20的外部射出,作为光线41b被导至驾驶人的眼30,作为像41c被驾驶人观察到。
此外,从光源40射出的光线42a的一部分从车辆的挡风玻璃20的外表面22侵入内部发生折射,其一部分被内表面21反射。进而,其一部分被外表面22反射,进一步,其一部分发生折射,从内表面21向挡风玻璃20的外部射出,发生折射,作为光线42b被导至驾驶员的眼30,作为像42c被驾驶员观察到。
这样,驾驶员所观察到的像41c和像42c这2个像是透视双重图像。此外,光线41b(一次光线)和光线42b(二次光线)所成的角度为透视双重图像的角度η。透视双重图像的角度η越接近于零则越优选。
[挡风玻璃(夹层玻璃)]
图2是例示车辆用的挡风玻璃的图,是示意地表示从车辆前方观察挡风玻璃的情况的图。此外,图3是与图2的XZ平面平行的部分的剖面图。另外,图2中,为了方便起见,用梨皮状花纹表示HUD显示区域。
如图2(a)所示,挡风玻璃20具有使用HUD的HUD显示区域A和不使用HUD的HUD显示外区域B(透视区域)。HUD显示区域A位于挡风玻璃20的下方,HUD显示外区域B与HUD显示区域A邻接,位于比挡风玻璃20的HUD显示区域A更上方。C是HUD显示区域A和HUD显示外区域B的边界。但是,HUD显示区域也可例如图2(b)所示的HUD显示区域A1和HUD显示区域A2那样,分开配置于多处。或者,HUD显示区域也可以仅是HUD显示区域A1和HUD显示区域A2的何一个。另外,HUD显示区域A、A1、A2是本发明的抬头显示器所使用的区域的代表性一例。
如图3所示,挡风玻璃20是具备作为第一玻璃板的玻璃板210、和作为第二玻璃板的玻璃板220、和中间膜230的夹层玻璃。
在该夹层玻璃中,玻璃板210以及220的厚度从一端到相向的另一端变化,且具有由于制造时的延伸而产生的筋纹。中间膜230位于玻璃板210与玻璃板220之间,是例如以使玻璃板210的筋纹与玻璃板220的筋纹正交的方式粘接玻璃板210和玻璃板220的厚度固定的膜。
这样,在图3的例中,玻璃板210以及220从剖面看形成为楔状。玻璃板210中,将挡风玻璃20的作为内表面21的面和与中间膜230相接的面所成的角称为楔角δg1。此外,玻璃板220中,将挡风玻璃20的作为外表面22的面和与中间膜230相接的面所成的角称为楔角δg2。
图3中,由于中间膜230的厚度是均匀的,玻璃板210的楔角δg1与玻璃板220的楔角δg2之和等于挡风玻璃20的内表面21和外表面22所成的楔角δ(夹层玻璃整体的楔角)。另外,玻璃板210的楔角δg1和玻璃板220的楔角δg2可以相同或不同。
此外,作为玻璃板210的一个面的挡风玻璃20的内表面21和作为玻璃板220的一个面的挡风玻璃20的外表面22可以是平面也可以是弯曲面。挡风玻璃20例如可制成在垂直方向上弯曲的形状。另外,t表示挡风玻璃20的局部厚度(该部分中的玻璃板210、玻璃板220、以及中间膜230的总厚度)。
玻璃板210以及220那样厚度从一端到相向的另一端变化的玻璃可通过钻研由浮法制造时的条件而得。即通过调整配置于熔融金属上前进的玻璃带的两端部的多个辊的周速度,使宽度方向的玻璃剖面为凹形状或凸形状、或者锥形状,将具有任意的厚度变化的部位切出即可。
玻璃板210以及220分别由于通过浮法制造时的延伸,相对于前进方向平行地加入筋状的细小凹凸(筋纹)。在作为车辆用的挡风玻璃使用时,如果相对于观察者的视线在水平方向上观察该筋纹,则发生变形,识别性变差。
作为粘接玻璃板210和玻璃板220的中间膜230,大多使用热塑性树脂,例如可例举塑性聚乙烯醇缩醛类树脂、塑性聚氯乙烯类树脂、饱和聚酯类树脂、塑性饱和聚酯类树脂、聚氨酯类树脂、塑性聚氨酯类树脂、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物类树脂、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物类树脂等以往用于这种用途的热塑性树脂。
其中,从可得到透明性、耐候性、强度、粘接力、耐穿透性、冲击能量吸收性、耐湿性、隔热性、以及隔音性等诸性能的平衡良好的中间膜的方面出发,适合使用塑性聚乙烯醇缩醛类树脂。这些热塑性树脂可以单独使用,也可以2种以上并用。上述塑性聚乙烯醇缩醛类树脂中的“塑性”是指通过增塑剂的添加而变为塑性。其它的塑性树脂也相同。
作为上述聚乙烯醇缩醛类树脂,可例举使聚乙烯醇(以下,根据需要也称为“PVA”)和甲醛反应而得的聚乙烯醇缩甲醛树脂、使PVA和乙醛反应而得的狭义的聚乙烯醇缩醛类树脂、使PVA和正丁醛反应而得的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂(以下,根据需要也称为“PVB”)等,尤其从透明性、耐候性、强度、粘接力、耐穿透性、冲击能量吸收性、耐湿性、隔热性、以及隔音性等诸性能的平衡优良的方面出发,可例举PVB作为优选的树脂。另外,这些聚乙烯醇缩醛类树脂可以单独使用,也可以2种以上并用。
通常HUD的光源位于车内下方,从那里向夹层玻璃进行投影。由于投影像被玻璃的背面和表面所反射,为了使两个反射像重合,玻璃的厚度需要相对于投影方向平行地变化。由于玻璃板210在与筋纹正交的方向上厚度发生变化,因此为了作为信息投影玻璃使用,筋纹方向与投影方向正交、即筋纹与车内观察者的视线水平,成为识别性变差的方向。
为了改善识别性,使用玻璃板210、玻璃板220、中间膜230制作的夹层玻璃优选以使玻璃板210和玻璃板220的筋纹正交的方式配置玻璃板210和玻璃板220。通过该配置,玻璃板210单独劣化的变形由于筋纹正交的玻璃板220、以及粘接玻璃板210和玻璃板220的中间膜230的存在而被缓和,识别性得到改善。
进一步,车辆用的玻璃通常在弯曲形状的状态下使用。玻璃的成形通常如下进行:在将各个玻璃板隔着中间膜230进行粘接前,一边对玻璃加热至约550℃到700℃左右使其软化一边制成任意的形状。弯曲的程度记作最大弯曲深度、或者横向弯曲量。此处,最大弯曲深度(横向弯曲量)是将以凸状弯曲的夹层玻璃以凸部侧向下的方式配置的同时、在该夹层玻璃中的一对相向的长边的中点之间拉直线连接时,以mm单位表示从弯曲部的底部中的最深的点起到该直线的垂线的长度。
制成夹层玻璃时成为变形的原因的产生于表面的筋状的细小凹凸由于成形工序而被拉伸,因此最大弯曲深度(横向弯曲量)越大则识别性越好。本发明中的玻璃板210、玻璃板220的最大弯曲深度没有一定的限定,优选10mm以上,更优选12mm以上,进一步优选15mm以上。
如前所述,通常,作为车辆的挡风玻璃的夹层玻璃,包括对任一块玻璃板与中间膜的交界面实施了高反射处理的夹层玻璃。或者,对一块玻璃板与中间膜的交界面、以及另一块玻璃板与中间膜的交界面实施了高反射处理的夹层玻璃。
图4中,例示了挡风玻璃。图4所示的挡风玻璃20A中,对作为玻璃板220与中间膜230的交界面的2面P2、以及作为玻璃板210与中间膜230的交界面的3面P3实施了高反射处理。另一方面,作为外表面的1面P1、以及作为内表面的4面P4成为玻璃与空气的交界面由于折射率的差而成为高反射面。
图4中,仅图示了1面P1所反射的像I1和4面P4所反射的像I4,但实际上,由于存在2面P2所反射的像I2和3面P3所反射的像I3,因此可看见四重的像(反射四重图像)。此时,将来自光源的光(可见光)最初入射的4面P4所反射的像I4(主像)与其它面所反射的像In(n=1、2、3的任一个)所成的角度θ的最大值定义为反射多重图像的角度的最大值。此外,对于反射多重图像的角度,将相对于像I4(主像),像In在上侧的情况定义为,将其相反的情况定义为负。
此外,本实施方式中,高反射面是指相对于来自光源10的光线的入射角的可见光反射率(根据JIS R3106测定(其中,对来自光源的光线的入射角进行测定))为1%以上的面。在通过实施高反射处理制成高反射面的情况下,可涂布反射率高的材料来形成膜,也可层压反射率高的膜来形成膜。作为形成的膜的具体例,可例举以银为主要成分的热射线反射膜等。
本实施方式中,在外表面(高反射面)与内表面(高反射面)之间具有1个以上的高反射面的挡风玻璃中,配置在邻接的高反射面之间的部分具备楔角。
例如,在图4的例中,配置在邻接的高反射面1面P1和2面P2之间的部分(玻璃板220)具备楔角。此外,配置在邻接的高反射面2面P2和3面P3之间的部分(中间膜230)具备楔角。进一步,配置在邻接的高反射面3面P3和4面P4之间的部分(玻璃板210)具备楔角。
这样,通过配置在邻接的高反射面之间的部分具备楔角、将各个楔角设定为适当的值,可将1面、2面、3面、以及4面的反射像全部设为几乎重叠的像。即,可减少以往的技术不能减少的、反射三重图像以上的反射多重图像的角度的最大值。
作为图4以外的情形,有时对作为玻璃板220与中间膜230的交界面的2面P2实施高反射处理。此外,有时对作为玻璃板210与中间膜230的交界面的3面P3实施高反射处理。进一步,有时中间膜230由第一中间膜以及第二中间膜构成、在第一中间膜与第二中间膜之间存在高反射面。
在以上各种情况下,配置具备楔角的玻璃板或具备楔角的中间膜的位置汇总于图5以及图6。另外,图5以及图6中,各面的栏的斜线表示该面为高反射面。此外,各面的栏的留白表示该面不是高反射面。此外,○表示相应的栏的玻璃板或中间膜具备楔角。
如图5的1所示,在1面P1、2面P2、以及4面P4为高反射面的情况下,位于邻接的高反射面1面P1和2面P2之间的玻璃板220必须具备楔角。此外,位于邻接的高反射面2面P2和4面P4之间的中间膜230和玻璃板210的至少一方必须具备楔角。但是,也可以中间膜230和玻璃板210双方具备楔角。
此外,如图5的2所示,在1面P1、3面P3、以及4面P4为高反射面的情况下,位于邻接的高反射面1面P1和3面P3之间的玻璃板220和中间膜230的至少一方必须具备楔角。但是,也可以玻璃板220和中间膜230双方具备楔角。此外,位于邻接的高反射面3面P3和4面P4之间的玻璃板210必须具备楔角。
此外,如图5的3所示,在1面P1、2面P2、3面P3、以及4面P4为高反射面的情况下,位于邻接的高反射面1面P1和2面P2之间的玻璃板220必须具备楔角。此外,位于邻接的高反射面2面P2和3面P3之间的中间膜230必须具备楔角。此外,位于邻接的高反射面3面P3和4面P4之间的玻璃板210必须具备楔角。另外,图5的3的情形与图4所说明的情形相同。
此外,如图6所示,在1面P1、中间膜2301(第一中间膜)与中间膜2302(第二中间膜)的膜间、以及4面P4为高反射面的情况下,位于邻接的高反射面1面P1与膜间之间的玻璃板220和中间膜2301的至少一方必须具备楔角。但是,也可以玻璃板220和中间膜2301双方具备楔角。此外,位于作为邻接的高反射面的膜间与4面P4之间的中间膜2302和玻璃板210的至少一方必须具备楔角。但是,也可以中间膜2302和玻璃板210双方具备楔角。挡风玻璃20A中,抬头显示器所使用的区域优选具备上述的楔角。
另外,在玻璃板210或220中设置楔角的情况下,楔角优选大于0mrad且在1.0mrad以下,更优选0.05mrad以上0.7mrad以下。此外,玻璃板210以及220的厚度优选在玻璃板210以及220的整个区域中为1.0mm以上4.0mm以下。此外,在中间膜230、中间膜2301、或中间膜2302中设置楔角的情况下,楔角优选大于0mrad且在1.0mrad以下,更优选0.05mrad以上0.7mrad以下。
挡风玻璃20A中,抬头显示器所使用的区域优选具备上述的楔角。另外,上述楔角可以不固定、缓慢变化,在该情况下,上述楔角的角度的平均值优选在上述范围内。
此外,中间膜230的厚度、或中间膜2301与中间膜2302的各自厚度在中间膜230、或中间膜2301与中间膜2302的合计的整个区域中优选为0.3mm以上2.0mm以下。此外,夹层玻璃的楔角δ(玻璃板的楔角与中间膜的楔角的合计)优选1.2mrad以下。这些均为使反射多重图像的角度的最大值在允许范围内的必须的数值。
[实施例]
实施例中,在1面P1以及4面P4为高反射面的情况,1面P1、2面P2、以及4面P4为高反射面的情况,1面P1、3面P3、以及4面P4为高反射面的情况这3种情况下,通过计算求出4面P4与各面的反射多重图像的角度的最大值。结果示于图7以及表1~3。另外,作为比较例1计算了常规膜(无楔角),作为比较例2计算了楔中间膜(仅中间膜230为楔膜)。
此处,反射多重图像的角度的最大值优选在±2.7[分]以下。这基于从目视所允许的水平和眼的分辨率的角度出发进行分析而得的结果。更优选±1.8[分]以下,这是基于从目视的不快感和眼的分辨率的角度出发进行分析而得的结果。进一步优选±1.4[分]以下,这相当于汽车的普通驾驶证所要求的最低视力0.7的分辨率。
[表1]
如图7(a)以及表1所示可知,在1面P1以及4面P4为高反射面的情况下,常规膜(比较例1)中不能将反射多重图像的角度的最大值抑制在±2.7[分]以下,但在仅将中间膜230作为楔膜的情况(比较例2)、将玻璃板220以及中间膜230作为楔膜的情况(实施例)下,可充分地将反射多重图像的角度的最大值抑制在±2.7[分]以下。
[表2]
如图7(b)以及表2所示,1面P1、2面P2、以及4面P4为高反射面的情况下,在常规膜(比较例1)中,不能将反射多重图像的角度的最大值充分抑制在±2.7[分]以下。此外,在仅将中间膜230作为楔膜的情况(比较例2)下,4面P4和1面P1的反射多重图像的角度为0.70[分],在±2.7[分]以下,但4面P4和2面P2的反射多重图像的角度为-3.21[分],不能将反射多重图像的角度的最大值充分抑制在±2.7[分]以下。
与此相对,在将玻璃板220以及中间膜230作为楔膜的情况(实施例)下,4面P4和1面P1的反射多重图像的角度为0.70[分],4面P4和2面P2的反射多重图像的角度为0.41[分],可将反射多重图像的角度的最大值充分抑制在±2.7[分]以下。
[表3]
如图7(c)以及表3所示,在1面P1、3面P3、以及4面P4为高反射面的情况下,在常规膜(比较例1)中,4面P4和1面P1的反射多重图像的角度、4面P4和3面P3的反射多重图像的角度的均超过±2.7[分],不能将反射多重图像的角度的最大值充分抑制在±2.7[分]以下。
此外,在仅将中间膜230作为楔膜的情况(比较例2)下,4面P4和1面P1的反射多重图像的角度为0.70[分],可充分抑制在±2.7[分]以下,但4面P4和3面P3的反射多重图像的角度为2.75[分],不能将反射多重图像的角度的最大值充分抑制在±2.7[分]以下。
与此相对,在将中间膜230以及玻璃板210作为楔膜的情况(实施例)下,4面P4和1面P1的反射多重图像的角度为0.70[分],4面P4和3面P3的反射多重图像的角度为-0.27[分],可将反射多重图像的角度的最大值充分抑制在±2.7[分]以下。
如上所述,在使用作为以往技术的不具备楔角的常规膜的方法、或仅将中间膜制成楔膜的方法中,除了挡风玻璃的外表面(高反射面)和内表面(高反射面)以外在内表面和外表面之间具有1个以上的高反射面的情况下,不能充分抑制反射多重图像的角度的最大值。即,不能形成各高反射面的反射像全部重叠的像。
与此相对,如实施例所述,在邻接的高反射面之间,一定具有具备楔角的玻璃板或具备楔角的中间膜、将各个楔角设定为适当的值的情况下,即使是在1面以及4面以外设有高反射面的挡风玻璃,也可将反射多重图像的角度的最大值充分抑制在±2.7[分]以下。即,可形成各高反射面的反射像全部几乎重叠的像。其中,表1~3所示的实施例的楔角的值的组合为一例,能够采用可将反射多重图像的角度的最大值抑制在±2.7[分]以下的各种楔角的值的组合。
以上,对优选的实施方式等进行了详细说明,但不受上述的实施方式等所限,可在不超出专利申请的范围中记载的范围内对上述实施方式等施加各种的变形以及替换。
本国际申请主张基于2015年11月24日提出的日本国专利申请
2015-228631号的优先权,并在此援引日本国专利申请2015-228631号的全部内容。
符号说明
10,40 光源
11a,11b,12a,12b,41a,41b,42a,42b 光线
11c,12c,41c,42c 像
20,20A 挡风玻璃
21 内表面
22 外表面
30 眼
210,220 玻璃板
230,2301,2302 中间膜
A,A1,A2HUD 显示区域
B HUD 显示外区域
C 边界
Claims (8)
1.一种夹层玻璃,其是具备第一玻璃板,和第二玻璃板,和位于所述第一玻璃板和所述第二玻璃板之间、粘接所述第一玻璃板和所述第二玻璃板的中间膜的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,
在将相对于来自光源的可见光的入射角的光反射率为1%以上的面设为高反射面时,在作为所述第一玻璃板的外侧的面的高反射面和作为所述第二玻璃板的外侧的面的高反射面之间具有1个以上的所述高反射面,
配置在邻接的所述高反射面之间的部分具备楔角。
2.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,
所述夹层玻璃具有抬头显示器所使用的区域,
所述区域中,配置在邻接的所述高反射面之间的部分具备楔角,
所述部分包括所述第一玻璃板或所述第二玻璃板,
所述第一玻璃板或所述第二玻璃板的楔角大于0mrad且在1.0mrad以下。
3.如权利要求2所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,
所述部分包括所述中间膜,
所述中间膜的楔角大于0mrad且在1.0mrad以下。
4.如权利要求1到3中任一项所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,来自所述光源的可见光最初入射的高反射面所反射的像与其它高反射面所反射的像所成的角度的最大值在±2.7分以下。
5.如权利要求4所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,来自所述光源的可见光最初入射的高反射面所反射的像与其它高反射面所反射的像所成的角度的最大值在±1.8分以下。
6.如权利要求5所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,来自所述光源的可见光最初入射的高反射面所反射的像与其它高反射面所反射的像所成的角度的最大值在±1.4分以下。
7.如权利要求1到6中任一项所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述第一玻璃板、所述第二玻璃板、所述中间膜的楔角的合计在1.2mrad以下。
8.如权利要求1到7中任一项所述的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,所述中间膜包括第一中间膜以及第二中间膜,所述第一中间膜和所述第二中间膜之间存在所述高反射面。
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