CN108271644B - Planting method capable of effectively promoting sugarcane tillering - Google Patents
Planting method capable of effectively promoting sugarcane tillering Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000209051 Saccharum Species 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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Abstract
Can be provided withThe planting method for effectively promoting sugarcane tillering comprises the following steps: (1) selecting healthy sugarcane seed stems, and cutting into sections for later use; (2) preparing soil, tilling to 30-50cm, opening planting furrows at a row spacing of 110-120cm, wherein the furrow depth is 25-30cm, the furrow bottom width is 20-25cm, and the furrow bottom is smooth and loosens soil in a fine crushing manner; (3) seeding, wherein buds are towards two sides, and then the seed stems are covered with soil; (4) reasonable close planting, the planting density of the big stem variety sugarcane is 52500-2The planting density of the medium and small stem variety of the sugarcane is 60000-67500 buds/hm2(ii) a (5) 60-75kg/hm of base fertilizer applied urea2450 kg/hm of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or calcium superphosphate2And potassium chloride 150 kg/hm2Or the compound fertilizer is 450-kg/hm2(ii) a (6) And applying 500-900 g/mu of sugarcane tillering promoting fertilizer, uniformly mixing the sugarcane tillering promoting fertilizer with 2kg of fine soil before application, and then uniformly spreading the sugarcane tillering promoting fertilizer in rows. The planting method of the invention can promote early tillering at the same time, so that tillering and main seedlings grow synchronously, and the difference between the tillering and the main seedlings is small in jointing stage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sugarcane planting, and particularly relates to a planting method capable of effectively promoting sugarcane tillering.
Background
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is the most important sugar crop in China, cane sugar accounts for more than 90% of the total yield of sugar in China, and cane sugar in Guangxi accounts for more than 65% of the total yield in China, so that the stable supply of cane sugar in Guangxi plays a very important role in the sugar market in China. Perennial root sugarcane cultivation is a main planting mode for Guangxi sugarcane production, the cultivation area accounts for 50-60% of the total planting area of the sugarcane, the perennial root age of Guangxi is generally 2-3 years, and the yield is obviously reduced by the third year. The proportion of the sugarcane and the age limit of the perennial root are still on a low level relative to foreign countries. Therefore, how to prolong the perennial root age of sugarcane and improve the yield of perennial sugarcane to achieve double effects is an important subject to be deeply discussed.
Tillering is an important link of sugarcane growth, and has important significance on sugarcane growth and yield. The tillering stage of the sugarcane is a key stage for forming a reasonable group structure and is also a key stage for increasing the yield of the sugarcane. Meanwhile, with the vigorous popularization of the mechanized planting of sugarcane in China, the requirement of sugarcane tillering regulation in production becomes more urgent, and the tillering habit of sugarcane is utilized, so that the early tillering is promoted on the basis of depending on the main stem, the line can be closed as soon as possible, and the later tillering is inhibited, thereby ensuring the stable and increased yield of sugarcane stems in unit area under the conditions that the line spacing is widened and the bud amount in unit area of variety is greatly reduced. The tillering fertilizer is applied at the early stage of sugarcane tillering, so that the tillering number is obviously increased, the ineffective tillering number is easily increased after too late fertilization, and the tillering fertilizer competes with other grown stems for nutrition, thereby reducing yield. Therefore, the regulation and control of tillering are of great significance to the high-yield cultivation of the sugarcane.
At present, the problems of sugarcane production are mainly that few tillers are produced, tillering grows slowly, and main stems cannot be caught up, so that ineffective tillering is caused.
To date, several inventions have been made to promote plant tillering. For example, CN201310302220.5 and CN20150528855.6 rice tillering fertilizers can promote the tillering growth of rice; and CN201410047678.5 sugarcane tillering fertilizer is only to soak sugarcane seed stems by paclobutrazol and lacks of nutrient fertilizer for late growth of sugarcane. The invention can promote crop tillering, but the invention aiming at the early growth of sugarcane tillering is rarely reported.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method capable of effectively promoting tillering of sugarcane, which combines the physiological characteristics of the sugarcane with the nutritional requirements, adopts a sampling and chemical control means to promote tillering, early tillering, promotes the emergence of main stems and tillering stems, improves the effective tillering number, reduces the seed quantity and the pesticide application quantity, and achieves the purposes of improving the yield and reducing the seed quantity and the pesticide (double reduction).
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a planting method capable of effectively promoting sugarcane tillering comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting healthy sugarcane seed stems, and cutting into sections for later use;
(2) preparing soil, tilling to 30-50cm, opening planting furrows at a row spacing of 110-120cm, wherein the furrow depth is 25-30cm, the furrow bottom width is 20-25cm, and the furrow bottom is smooth and loosens soil in a fine crushing manner;
(3) seeding, wherein buds are towards two sides, and then the seed stems are covered with soil;
(4) reasonable close planting, the planting density of the big stem variety sugarcane is 52500-2The planting density of the medium and small stem variety of the sugarcane is 60000-67500 buds/hm2；
(5) 60-75kg/hm of base fertilizer applied urea2450 kg/hm of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or calcium superphosphate2And potassium chloride 150 kg/hm2Or the compound fertilizer is 450-kg/hm2；
(6) And applying 500-900 g/mu of sugarcane tillering promoting fertilizer, uniformly mixing the sugarcane tillering promoting fertilizer with 2kg of fine soil before application, and then uniformly spreading the sugarcane tillering promoting fertilizer in rows.
Preferably, the large-stem variety in the step (4) is a sugarcane variety with the diameter of more than 3 cm; the medium stem variety refers to a sugarcane variety with the diameter of 2.5-3 cm; the small stem variety refers to a sugarcane variety with the diameter of less than 2.5 cm.
Preferably, the NPK content of the compound fertilizer in the step (5) is 10-10-10.
Preferably, the sugarcane tillering-promoting fertilizer in the step (6) is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.2-2.0% of uniconazole, 5-20% of glutamic acid, 15-20% of calcium chloride, 15-20% of magnesium sulfate, 15-20% of zinc sulfate, 4-10% of boric acid, 2-3% of EDTA-Fe, 2-3% of manganese sulfate, 10-20% of silicon fertilizer and 100% of bentonite supplement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the uniconazole is used for controlling vegetative growth, inhibiting cell elongation, shortening internodes, dwarfing plants, promoting lateral bud growth and flower bud formation, enhancing stress resistance, having high activity (6-10 times of paclobutrazol), having little residue in soil and promoting plant tillering. Other trace elements and silicon fertilizer can raise the comprehensive nutrients for plant growth. Glutamic acid can promote synthesis of endogenous hormones of plants, increase tillering and increase chlorophyll content. The synergistic effect of uniconazole and glutamic acid has the effects of promoting the tillering of sugarcane, advancing the tillering, strengthening the root system of plants and vigorous growth. Tillering begins to occur after the conventional planting main seedlings grow to 3-leaf age, and the growth of tillering stems lags behind that of main stems; the medicament of the invention can promote tillering and early development at the same time, so that tillering and main seedlings grow synchronously, and the tillering and main seedlings have small difference in jointing stage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison of a field planted conventionally and by the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the scope of the examples.
Example 1:
a planting method capable of effectively promoting sugarcane tillering comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting healthy sugarcane seed stems, and cutting double-bud segments for later use;
(2) preparing soil, tilling till the tilling depth reaches more than 30-40cm, forming planting trenches, forming the planting trenches with the row spacing of 110-120cm, the trench depth of 25-30cm, the trench bottom width of 20-25cm, flattening the trench bottoms and loosening the soil in a fine crushing manner; wherein, the specific deep ploughing degree required by the land preparation needs to be adjusted according to the local conditions, the ploughing depth reaches 30-40cm, the condition is preferably more than 50cm, and the ploughing layer reaches deep, loose, broken and flat.
(3) Seeding, wherein buds are towards two sides, and then the seed stems are covered with soil;
(4) reasonable close planting, 45000-;
(5) a large amount of fertilizers: 60-75kg of urea (3-5 kg per mu), 450-600kg of calcium magnesium phosphate (or calcium superphosphate) (30-40 kg per mu), 150-225kg of potassium chloride (10-15 kg per mu) or 450-600kg of compound fertilizer (10-10-10) (30-40 kg per mu) is applied to each hectare of base fertilizer;
(6) the sugarcane tillering promoting fertilizer is applied by 500-900g per mu (mixed with 2kg of fine soil before application) and then uniformly spread in rows.
Comparison:
a planting method capable of effectively promoting sugarcane tillering comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting healthy sugarcane seed stems, and cutting into sections for later use;
(2) preparing soil, tilling till the tilling depth reaches more than 30-40cm, forming planting trenches, forming the planting trenches with the row spacing of 110-120cm, the trench depth of 25-30cm, the trench bottom width of 20-25cm, flattening the trench bottoms and loosening the soil in a fine crushing manner; wherein, the specific deep ploughing degree required by the land preparation needs to be adjusted according to the local conditions, the ploughing depth reaches 30-40cm, the condition is preferably more than 50cm, and the ploughing layer reaches deep, loose, broken and flat.
(3) Seeding, wherein buds are towards two sides, and then the seed stems are covered with soil;
(4) reasonable close planting, 44000 and 45000 buds per hectare;
(5) a large amount of fertilizers: 60-75kg of urea (3-5 kg per mu) is applied to the base fertilizer per hectare, 600kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (or calcium superphosphate) (30-40 kg per mu), 150-225kg of potassium chloride (10-15 kg per mu), or 600kg of compound fertilizer (10-10-10) (30-40 kg per mu).
TABLE 1 sugarcane index determination by the planting method of the present invention
As can be seen from table 1, the emergence rate, the number of useful stems, the tillering rate and the yield of the sugarcane in example 1 are all significantly higher than those of the control, and the cane sugar in example 1 is equivalent to that of the control.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the sugarcane dwarfing and tillering by the method of the present invention are much; the main stem and the tillering stem grow simultaneously in the elongation stage by adopting the invention, and no great difference exists.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. A planting method capable of effectively promoting sugarcane tillering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting healthy sugarcane seed stems, and cutting into sections for later use;
(2) preparing soil, tilling to 30-50cm, opening planting furrows at a row spacing of 110-120cm, wherein the furrow depth is 25-30cm, the furrow bottom width is 20-25cm, and the furrow bottom is smooth and loosens soil in a fine crushing manner;
(3) seeding, wherein buds are towards two sides, and then the seed stems are covered with soil;
(4) reasonable close planting, the planting density of the big stem variety sugarcane is 52500-2The planting density of the medium and small stem variety of the sugarcane is 60000-67500 buds/hm2；
(5) 60-75kg/hm of base fertilizer applied urea2450 kg/hm of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or calcium superphosphate2And potassium chloride 150 kg/hm2Or the compound fertilizer is 450-kg/hm2；
(6) Applying 500-900 g/mu of sugarcane tillering promoting fertilizer, uniformly mixing the sugarcane tillering promoting fertilizer with 2kg of fine soil before application, and then uniformly spreading the sugarcane tillering promoting fertilizer in rows; the sugarcane tillering-promoting fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.2-2.0% of uniconazole, 5-20% of glutamic acid, 15-20% of calcium chloride, 15-20% of magnesium sulfate, 15-20% of zinc sulfate, 4-10% of boric acid, 78-3% of EDTA-Fe2, 2-3% of manganese sulfate, 10-20% of silicon fertilizer and 100% of bentonite supplement;
wherein, the big stem variety in the step (4) refers to a sugarcane variety with the diameter of more than 3 cm; the medium stem variety refers to a sugarcane variety with the diameter of 2.5-3 cm; the small stem variety refers to a sugarcane variety with the diameter of less than 2.5 cm;
wherein the NPK content of the compound fertilizer in the step (5) is 10-10-10.
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| CN109197484B (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2020-10-16 | 云南农业大学 | Method for improving conservation survival rate of sugarcane wild species resource |
| CN110301237B (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2021-12-31 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for cutting and seed reproduction by sugarcane autumn and winter bamboo shoots |
| CN110506600A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-29 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所 | Utilize the method for sugarcane health seedling ineffective tillering nursery |
| CN113016549B (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2022-08-19 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Cultivation method for promoting tillering and stem forming of sugarcane and internode sugar accumulation under continuous cropping obstacle |
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| CN105940894A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-09-21 | 贵州省印江县依仁食品有限公司 | Sweet potato cultivation method |
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| CN102408278A (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2012-04-11 | 苏建平 | Seedling strengthening nutrient agent special for paddy rice |
| CN102487958A (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2012-06-13 | 南京同凯兆业生物技术有限责任公司 | Tillering accelerant for plants |
| CN104094719A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-10-15 | 覃柏鸿 | Pollution-free fertilizing method for sugarcane |
| CN107432170A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-12-05 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所 | A kind of method for improving sugarcane seedling stem and breeding yield and harvesting in advance |
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