CN107432170A - A kind of method for improving sugarcane seedling stem and breeding yield and harvesting in advance - Google Patents
A kind of method for improving sugarcane seedling stem and breeding yield and harvesting in advance Download PDFInfo
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- CN107432170A CN107432170A CN201710599180.3A CN201710599180A CN107432170A CN 107432170 A CN107432170 A CN 107432170A CN 201710599180 A CN201710599180 A CN 201710599180A CN 107432170 A CN107432170 A CN 107432170A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method for improving sugarcane seedling stem and breeding yield and harvesting in advance, including following steps：Step A：Seed selection health seedling one-level seedling stem, segment are stand-by；Step B:Site preparation, tilling depth open kind of a planting ditch up to 40 more than cm, and kind of a planting ditch is opened by the cm of line-spacing 120, the cm of ditch depth 25 30, the cm of ditch bottom width 20 25, and bottom of trench is smooth, in small, broken bits loosens the soil；Step C:Sow, bud covers seedling stem with hack immediately to both sides；Step D:Rational close planting；Step E:Sow after earthing, using the mL of 80% acetochlor ec 600, be watered 750~1125 kg and be made into herbicide mixed liquor, uniformly sprinkling plantation row ditch；Step F:Film is taken off before cultivation and banking, urea is imposed with reference to intertillage and earths up;Step G:In every mu of late tillering state with being dissolved in 600 800mL water after the g of gibberellin 3, calcium nitrate 300g, the g of potassium nitrate 200, boric acid 60g, the clear 35g of sugarcane borer, Prochloraz 200mg mixing.This method can promote sugarcane production to develop, and can shift to an earlier date 6 10 days and harvest, and improve breeding efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural economy crop-planting technical field, and in particular to be that a kind of sugarcane seedling stem that improves breeds production
Amount and the method harvested in advance.
Background technology
Sugarcane is perennial tall and big solid draft, containing abundant sugar, moisture, is also contained to human metabolism very
The materials such as beneficial various vitamins, fat, protein, organic acid, calcium, iron, are mainly used in refining sugar, and sugarcane is pacified in China's grain
Played an important role in complete.The vegetative propagation of sugarcane system, breeding coefficient is low, and one mu of sugarcane, which breeds seedling stem, can about plant 5 mu or so,
And China's sugarcane acreage is more than 20,000,000 mu, if the popularization for the improved Varieties that to update need to be formed it is certain
Scale, the purpose for improving promotion rate can be reached.And sugarcane seedling stem is bred and needs the time particularly to exist at 6-8 months
When summer breeds, to autumn and winter because the low sugarcane production of temperature is slow, sugarcane afterbody internode can not jointing, cause afterbody internode contract
Short to cut kind, seed quality and breeding coefficient are significantly affected, and on the one hand have impact on the timely sale of next year seedling stem, another
Aspect also have impact on sugarcane propagation of seed stock coefficient.Therefore, take necessary cultivation technique measure reduce sowing quantity, increase tiller,
Promote internode elongation, reach and harvest and accelerate in advance the purpose that sugarcane seedling stem is bred, just seem extremely important.
There are some researches show gibberellin can improve the content of auxin in plant, and then the elongation of regulation cell, rush
Enter the division of cell, reach the effect extended between stem；Gibberellin can stimulate sugarcane internode elongation to improve yield；Gibberellin exists
Breaking dormancy, internode or column cap elongation, young sprout growth elongation, shortening germination number of days etc. is promoted to be used widely.Nitric acid
Calcium not only ensures nitrate nitrogen highest content, and preferably solves the problems, such as calcium poor fluidity, and there is good plant physiology to adjust
Section act on, can effectively prevent plant physiology venereal disease do harm to, promote crop growth, improve quality and yield, be widely used in fruit,
The crops such as vegetables, tobacco and cotton.Contain potassium oxide and nitrogen in potassium nitrate, be a kind of pure efficient dual element fertilizer, can fill
Divide and be absorbed by crops and utilize, improve agricultural output and quality.Mixing between other chemicals such as gibberellin and calcium, potassium should
It is better than single hormone or chemical substance treatment with effect, main efficacy results have：Improve germination percentage, improve supporting for low temperature and drought stresses
Anti- ability, shorten the time of fringe, shorten germination number of days, the intensity of variation for improving water absorbing capacity and alleviating membrane permeability, increase and plant
Plant height degree, enhancing development etc..
But it up to the present, yet there are no gibberellin+calcium nitrate+potassium nitrate+boric acid+6 kinds of agricultural chemicals+Prochloraz mixed chemical
Matter is reported applied to the correlative study of crops simultaneously.Therefore, exploitation improves sugarcane seedling stem yield and the method harvested in advance tool
It is of great importance.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention discloses a kind of method for improving sugarcane seedling stem and breeding yield and harvesting in advance,
Including following steps：
Step A：Seed selection health seedling one-level seedling stem, segment are stand-by；
Step B:Site preparation, tilling depth reach more than 30-40 cm, open kind of a planting ditch, and kind of a planting ditch, ditch depth 25- are opened by line-spacing 110-120 cm
30 cm, ditch bottom width 20-25 cm, bottom of trench is smooth, in small, broken bits loosens the soil；Wherein, site preparation requires that specific deep ploughing degree must suit measures to local conditions,
Tilling depth reaches 30-40 cm, and have ready conditions best 50 more than cm, and arable layer reaches deep, loose, broken, flat.
Step C:Sow, bud covers seedling stem with hack immediately to both sides；
Step D:Rational close planting, the big stem kind of per hectare（More than diameter 3cm）52500-60000 buds, medium and small stem product（Central diameter kind
Diameter is in 2.5-3cm；Below the cm of path kind diameter 2.5）Kind 60000-67500 buds;
Step E:Fertilising, base manure per hectare apply 60~75kg of urea（Mu applies 3~5 kg）, calcium magnesium phosphate（Or calcium superphosphate）450-
600 kg（Mu applies 30-40 kg）, the kg of potassium chloride 150~225（Mu applies 10~15 kg）, or composite fertilizer（10-10-10）
450-600 kg（Mu applies 30-40 kg）；
Wherein, it is quick-fried using tiller to promote tiller agent, buys in Wuhan magnificence legendary god of farming's bioengineering Co., Ltd.
Fertilising, base manure per hectare apply 75~150kg of urea, calcium magnesium phosphate or calcium superphosphate 600-750 kg, potassium chloride 225
~300 kg, or composite fertilizer（Mass ratio 10：10：10）600-750 kg.
Step F:Sow after earthing, using 80% acetochlor ec 500-600 mL, be watered 750~1125 kg and be made into and remove
Careless agent mixed liquor, uniformly sprinkling plantation row ditch, then covers milky photodegradative herbicidal plastic film；Again with same weeding after epiphragma
Agent mixed liquor sprays sugarcane row surface with management of weeds, and sugarcane field surface should not be set foot on again after spray.
Wherein, 80% acetochlor ec is 800g/L.Milky photodegradative herbicidal plastic film is purchased from market.Herbicide uses
80% diuron wettable powder, 100-130g/ mus are sprayed.Composite fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus, the mass ratio of potassium three are 10：10：
10。
Step G:Film is taken off before cultivation and banking, the kg of urea per hectare 225~375 is imposed with reference to intertillage（Every mu 15~25
kg）And 10-20kg/ mus are applied potassium sulfate and earthed up;
Step H:In every mu of sugarcane late tillering state with the g of gibberellin 3, calcium nitrate 300g, the g of potassium nitrate 200, the g of boric acid 60, sugarcane
The unmanned planes of 600-800mL water combinations P20 2017 are dissolved in after the clear 35g of snout moth's larva, Prochloraz 200mg mixing precisely to spray.
Wherein, when late tillering state, refers to that every plant of sugarcane occur grows 12-13 piece true leaves.Sugarcane borer is bought clearly in market,
Its main component High-chlorine emamectin benzoate.
Wherein, gibberellin, which has, promotes internode elongation effect；Calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate do not only have nitrate nitrogen highest content, and
And be nitrogen, potassium, calcium composite fertilizer, good water solubility, it is easy to plant absorption, there is good plant physiology adjustment effect, strengthens plant
The abilities such as drought resisting, cold-resistant, salt resistance alkali, disease and insect resistance, there is good plant physiology adjustment effect；
Sugarcane borer is to have efficient, low toxicity, low-residual insecticide clearly, and the epidermis that may penetrate into plant kills subepidermal insect, right
The various pests of current sugarcane of mainly causing harm have high insecticidal activity, especially to Lepidoptera（Chilo infuscatellus, bar snout moth's larva, yellow snout moth's larva,
Pink rice borer etc.）, Homoptera（Woolly aphid worm etc.）, Isoptera（Termite）, Thysanoptera（Thrips etc.）, Orthoptera（Mole cricket）And coleoptera
（Sugarcane tortoise, longicorn etc.）Insect preventive effect it is notable.By gibberellin, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, boric acid, the cleer and peaceful Prochloraz of sugarcane borer by certain
Concentration ratio sprays after being dissolved in water with reference to unmanned plane, can not only promote sugarcane internode elongation and grow, and can play preventing and treating
Pest and disease damage effect, it is finally reached the effect for improving sugarcane seedling stem yield and harvesting in advance.This method program is simple, and cost is low, should
Use significant effect.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1. this method program is simple, cost is low, and application effect is notable；
2. this method can promote sugarcane production to develop, 6-10 days can be shifted to an earlier date and harvested, improve breeding efficiency；
3. this method can promote sugarcane internode elongation, avoid, because low temperature causes afterbody internode can not draw away, influenceing seed quality；
4. this method can save sowing quantity more than 35%.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is general planting and uses the leaf phase comparison diagram after present invention plantation.
Fig. 2 is general planting and the comparison diagram using the amount of sowing after present invention plantation.
Fig. 3 is general planting and uses the sugarcane comparison diagram after present invention plantation.
Embodiment
The preferably embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail below：
Embodiment 1
(1) kind such as the fast osmanthus sugar 40 of seed selection high yield and high sugar early growth, osmanthus sugar 42, osmanthus sugar 47, osmanthus sugar 49 is good
Health seedling one-level seedling stem, two bud sections are chopped to, load snakeskin bag；
(2) site preparation requires that specific deep ploughing degree must suit measures to local conditions, and tilling depth reaches 30-40 cm, arable layer reach it is deep, loose, broken,
It is flat；
（3）Kind of a planting ditch is opened, kind of a planting ditch is opened by the cm of line-spacing 120, it is desirable to which ditch depth 25-30 cm, ditch bottom width 20-25 cm, bottom of trench are put down
It is whole, in small, broken bits to loosen the soil；
（4）To sow, seedling stem is discharged with row ditch into 45 degree of single files, and bud will be in close contact with soil, not make somebody a mere figurehead to both sides, sugarcane kind, under
Seedling stem is covered after kind with hack immediately；
（5）Rational close planting, the big stem kind 52500-60000 of per hectare（Every mu of 3500-4000）Bud, medium and small stem kind 60000-
67500（Every mu of 4000-4500）Bud;
(6) apply fertilizers scientifically, fertilising will be adhered to based on base manure, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer compounding application principle.Base manure typically requires
Per hectare applies 60~75kg of urea（Mu applies 3~5 kg）, calcium magnesium phosphate（Or calcium superphosphate）450-600 kg（Mu applies 30-40
kg）, the kg of potassium chloride 150~225（Mu applies 10~15 kg）, or composite fertilizer（10-10-10）450-600 kg（Mu applies 30-40
kg）；, every mu plus 900-1200g rush tiller agent and fertilizer are mixed thoroughly, impose on and plant sugarcane ditch bottom, and fully mixed thoroughly with soil；
（7）Sow after earthing, the mL of 80% acetochlor ec 600, be watered 750~1125 kg and be made into herbicide mixed liquor, uniformly
Sprinkling plantation row ditch, then covers milky photodegradative herbicidal plastic film.Also other sugarcane fields herbicides special, by specification can be selected
Operated.Sugarcane row surface is sprayed with management of weeds with same herbicide mixed liquor again after epiphragma, should not be set foot on again after spray
Sugarcane field surface；
（8）Film is taken off before cultivation and banking, the kg of urea per hectare 225~375 is imposed with reference to intertillage（Every mu of 15~25 kg）And
Ridging.It is recommended that disposably complete this operation using intertillage fertilising banking machine；
（9）In late tillering state（That is Early period of cane elongation）Every mu with the g of gibberellin 3, calcium nitrate 300g, the g of potassium nitrate 200, boric acid 60
G, sugarcane borer is clear（High chlorine emamectin benzoates）The unmanned planes of 600-800mL water combinations P20 2017 essence is dissolved in after 35g, Prochloraz 200mg mixing
Standard sprays.
Embodiment 2
Conventional cane planting method is as follows：
(1) for site preparation tilling depth up to 30 more than cm, arable layer reaches deep, loose, broken, flat；Specific deep ploughing degree must suit measures to local conditions, depending on
The depth of former arable layer, depending on soil property.Deep ploughing should not destroy original soil layer, and should be advisable with reference to fertilizer is increased.
(2) kind of a planting ditch is opened:Kind of a planting ditch is opened by the cm of line-spacing 120, it is desirable to ditch depth 25-30 cm, ditch bottom width 20-25 cm, bottom of trench
It is smooth, in small, broken bits to loosen the soil.
（3）Sow
Seedling stem is discharged with isosceles triangle duplicate rows, and bud is to both sides, and sugarcane kind will be in close contact with soil, not make somebody a mere figurehead, immediately with broken after sowing
Soil covering seedling stem.
（4）Rational close planting
Arid hillside field is with 1.2~1.5 meters of line-spacing, the big stem kind 9000-105000 buds of per hectare（Every mu of 6000-7000 bud）, medium and small stem
Kind 105000-120000 buds（Every mu of 7000-8000 bud）Left and right.
（5）Fertilising
Applying fertilizer will adhere to based on base manure, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer compounding application principle.Base manure typically requires that per hectare applies urea
75~150kg（Mu applies 5~10 kg）, calcium magnesium phosphate（Or calcium superphosphate）750 kg（Mu applies 50 kg）, potassium chloride 225~300
kg（Mu applies 15~20 kg）, or composite fertilizer（10-10-10）600-750 kg（Mu applies 40-50 kg）, every mu plus 5 kg drought resistings
Water-loss reducer and fertilizer are mixed thoroughly, are imposed on and are planted sugarcane ditch bottom, and are fully mixed thoroughly with soil.Advocate intelligent fertilizing.Will be according to different sugarcanes
The uptake characters and biological nitrogen fixation characteristic of kind, discriminatively scientific and reasonable fertilising.
（6）Control of insect
When sugarcane is sowed, subterranean pest-insect and snout moth's larva are prevented and treated with reference to applying pesticide.
Apply rich red 350 granules in 5% ground by the kg of per hectare 60 after setting kind, 60 kg 10% ethoprophos granule or
The furan first mixture of 90 kg 3%, which spreads fertilizer over the fields, plants sugarcane ditch preventing and treating subterranean pest-insect.
（7）Herbicide spraying and covering mulch film
Sow after earthing two days, 40% atrazine of per hectare（Atrazine）The g of suspending agent 2250~3000, add 80% second careless
The mL of amine missible oil 600, it is watered 750~1125 kg and is made into herbicide mixed liquor, uniformly sprinkling plantation row ditch, then covers mulch film
（Soil will moisten during epiphragma, otherwise want water drenching）.Also other sugarcane fields herbicides special can be selected, by specification is operated.Lid
Sugarcane row surface is sprayed with management of weeds with same herbicide mixed liquor again after film.
As shown in figure 1, left figure, which is general planting, have tiller also to 7 leaf phases, right figure piece is long to apply the rush tiller 7 leaf phases of agent
Go out 3-4 tiller.
Shown in Fig. 2, left figure is that the general planting amount of sowing has put 2-3 rows, and right figure is a 45 degree of pendulum kind method amount of sowing thin plantings
Single file.
Shown in Fig. 3, left figure is sprays rush elongation agent, and right figure is general planting, and its top internode elongation substantially shortens.
Embodiment 1 and the yield of embodiment 2 and the contrast of harvest time are as shown in table 1：
Table 1
| Yield（Kg/ mus） | Volume increase（%） | Implantation time | Harvest time | In advance harvest number of days (my god) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 5416.7±13.9 | 8.33 | On June 18th, 2016 | On 2 15th, 2016 | 8 |
| Embodiment 2 | 5000.3±15.2 | 0 | On June 18th, 2016 | On 2 23rd, 2016 | 0 |
Above content is to combine specific preferred embodiment further description made for the present invention, it is impossible to assert this hair
Bright specific implementation is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, do not taking off
On the premise of from present inventive concept, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, should all be considered as belonging to the protection of the present invention
Scope.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. method for improving sugarcane seedling stem and breeding yield and harvesting in advance, it is characterised in that including following steps：Step A：Seed selection health seedling one-level seedling stem, segment are stand-by；Step B:Site preparation, tilling depth reach more than 30cm-40 cm, open kind of a planting ditch, and kind of a planting ditch, ditch depth are opened by line-spacing 110-120 cm 25-30 cm, ditch bottom width 20-25 cm, bottom of trench is smooth, in small, broken bits loosens the soil；Step C:Sow, bud covers seedling stem with hack immediately to both sides；Step D:Rational close planting, the big stem kind 52500-60000 buds of per hectare, medium and small stem kind 60000-67500 buds;Step E:Fertilising, base manure per hectare apply 60~75kg of urea, and mu applies 3~5 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate（Or calcium superphosphate）450- 600 kg, mu apply 30-40 kg, the kg of potassium chloride 150~225, and mu applies 10~15 kg, or composite fertilizer（10-10-10）450- 600 kg, mu apply 30-40 kg；Every mu plus 900-1200g rush tiller agent and fertilizer are mixed thoroughly, are imposed on and are planted sugarcane ditch bottom, and are filled with soil Divide and mix thoroughly；Step F:Sow after earthing, using the mL of 80% acetochlor ec 600, be watered 750~1125 kg and be made into herbicide mixing Liquid, uniformly sprinkling plantation row ditch, then covers milky photodegradative herbicidal plastic film；Again with herbicide mixed liquor sprinkling sugarcane after epiphragma Row surface is with management of weeds；Step G:Film is taken off before cultivation and banking, the kg of urea per hectare 225~375 is imposed with reference to intertillage and earths up;Step H:It is clear with the g of gibberellin 3, calcium nitrate 300g, the g of potassium nitrate 200, the g of boric acid 60, sugarcane borer in every mu of late tillering state 600-800mL water is dissolved in after 35g, Prochloraz 200mg mixing to spray.
- 2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step A, the health seedling using osmanthus sugar No. 40, Osmanthus sugar 42, osmanthus sugared at least one of No. 47 and osmanthus sugar 49.
- 3. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step C, seedling stem is discharged with row ditch into 45 degree of single files.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108271644A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-07-13 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所 | A kind of implantation methods that can effectively facilitate sugarcane tiller |
| CN109553480A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-02 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Sugarcane yield and sugar increasing growth promoter based on precise spraying of unmanned aerial vehicle and application method thereof |
| CN110692480A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-01-17 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for increasing sugarcane yield and prolonging perennial root life by obliquely cutting and reseeding sugarcane |
| CN114600770A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-06-10 | 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所 | Breeding method for obtaining high-brix and ultrahigh-sugar sugarcane germplasm by utilizing compact planting of hybrid nursery |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108271644A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-07-13 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所 | A kind of implantation methods that can effectively facilitate sugarcane tiller |
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| CN109553480A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-02 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Sugarcane yield and sugar increasing growth promoter based on precise spraying of unmanned aerial vehicle and application method thereof |
| CN110692480A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-01-17 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for increasing sugarcane yield and prolonging perennial root life by obliquely cutting and reseeding sugarcane |
| CN114600770A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-06-10 | 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所 | Breeding method for obtaining high-brix and ultrahigh-sugar sugarcane germplasm by utilizing compact planting of hybrid nursery |
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