CN105145215A - Culturing method maintaining eating quality of south round-grained nonglutinous No.46 paddy rice - Google Patents
Culturing method maintaining eating quality of south round-grained nonglutinous No.46 paddy rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a culturing method maintaining eating quality of south round-grained nonglutinous No.46 paddy rice. A culturing area is selected at the northern latitude of 31.4 to 32.4 degrees; broadcasting time is May, 10th to May, 30th each year; broadcasting time is advanced with increase of latitude; and nitrogen application rate is 225.0kg/hm<2>. By the use of the culturing method, high yield of the paddy rice No.46 with excellent quality can be ensured and great rice eating quality can be guaranteed; economic benefits of planting excellent rice varieties with eating quality is increased for farmers and higher demands for rice varieties are met for consumers; large-scale plantation and industrialization exploitation can be facilitated; blind application of fertilizers during fertilizer optimization can be reduced; excessive energy waste and environment pollution can be avoided; and the culturing method has great practicality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rice cultivating technique field, be specifically related to a kind of cultivation method keeping southern round-grained rice 46 rice taste quality.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the raising of living standards of the people and the improvement of economic condition, the requirement of consumer to rice quality is more and more higher, and quality-improving becomes one of important goal of current rice breeding.More research shows, rice taste quality, except outside the Pass having with breediness, also by environmental factor and cultivation condition considerable influence, is a kind of polygenic system and the interactive result of environmental factor.
The adaptability of different ecological type rice varieties to different ecological environment also exists difference, and its Grain Quality Traits in Rice can change because planting the change of region.Jiangsu Province be Chinese Japonica Rice main product ground one of, nearly 5 ° of north and south latitude difference (31 ° of N ~ 36 ° N), weather and soil types difference obvious.Research shows, the susceptibility of different rice varieties to Jiangsu areal variation have power point, in processing quality regional representation in Soviet Union of ripe intermediate keng rice and Japonica rice rice be excellent.On the other hand, seedtime also has considerable influence to Grain Quality Traits in Rice.Different ecological type rice varieties is with the postponement of seedtime, and the variation tendency of quality trait is inconsistent.Same kind late sowing is compared with early sowing, and quality trait is also widely different, and as mid-early maturity or medium variety postpone date of seeding, meter Zhi Ke obviously improves, and middle-late ripening variety postpones date of seeding then rice matter decline.
In addition, the reasonable utilization of fertile amount is vital link in rice cultivating method, and wherein nitrogen is unmatched in the effect that the paddy rice whole puberty plays, and is closely connected with rice growth, Yield and qualities.There is consistent view in the impact of amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer on rice quality, as lift-augmented mechanism can improve head rice rate and protein content, increases gelatinization point, shorten gel consistence etc., but have larger difference on the impact of Cooking Quality because test kind is different.Therefore, about the impact of nitrogenous fertilizer on paddy rice particularly excellent flavour rice Cooking Quality proterties, remain in inconsistent result.
South round-grained rice 46 utilizes Molecular Marker Assisted Selection Technology Jiangsu high yield japonica rice kind and Japanese excellent flavour japonica rice variety to be organically combined, the excellent flavour japonica rice new varieties selected, this kind rice quality is excellent, reach national secondary superior rice standard, and Cooking Quality is splendid.Southern round-grained rice 46 rice repeatedly obtained all kinds of honor in recent years, deeply liked by consumer, was described as Jiangsu " the niciest rice ".But existing culture technique, southern round-grained rice 46 Cooking Quality is not performed to ultimate attainment, therefore also need further to innovate its cultivation method.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: for the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of cultivation method keeping southern round-grained rice 46 rice taste quality, effectively improves the Cooking Quality of southern round-grained rice 46 paddy rice.
Technical scheme: in order to realize foregoing invention object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Keep a cultivation method for southern round-grained rice 46 rice taste quality, north latitude 31.4 ° ~ 32.4 ° is elected in cultivation area as; Sowing time be annual May 10 to May 30, latitude is higher, the sowing time can corresponding in advance; Amount of nitrogen is 225.0kg/hm
2.
The cultivation method of described maintenance south round-grained rice 46 rice taste quality comprises the following steps:
1) plough in time and harrow a field, tilling depth 10-15cm after stubble results before land for growing field crops; Use sufficient basal plane fertilizer before transplanting, upper water harrows a field, and removes field residue, weeds simultaneously, and site preparation quality requires that difference of height is within 3cm; When planting, land for growing field crops will sink real 1-2 days, prevent field excessively rotten, cross and stick with paste and gush mud pressure seedling phenomenon; Carry out thin water after the leveling of field shallow slotting, the field depth of water rests in 1-3cm, carries out the shallow slotting technology of 2-3cm, grasps and can floats, more shallow better, reduces and lacks cave and drift seedling rate;
2) sow the bud paddy that paddy adopts germination rate more than 90%, sow mid-May; The clean seedling plate of the water-raised seedling amount of broadcasting 290 ~ 310kg/hm
2; The clean seedling plate of the half dry rice seedling amount of broadcasting 600 ~ 750kg/hm
2; Mould plate seedling raising and often should coil 100 ~ 120g, land for growing field crops sowing quantity 45 ~ 60kg/hm
2;
3) the transplanting rice length of time rice seedlings grow controls at 28 ~ 32 days, row, spacing in the rows 25cm × 13cm; The transplanting length of time rice seedlings grow controls at 18-20 days, distance between rows and hills 30cm × 13cm, 240,000 ~ 270,000 caves/hm
2, the seedling number 4-5 strain of every cave, participates basic stem tiller seedling 1,050,000-120 ten thousand/hm
2; Seedling number discharges water when reaching expection spike number 80% and puts field, and peak seedling controls at 3,750,000 ~ 4,200,000/hm
2;
4) accurate quantification fertilising, many organic fertilizers, later stage Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer; On fertilizer application, according to " front heavy, in steady, rear benefit, control nitrogen, phosphorization, increasing potassium " fertilization principle, early execute tillering fertilizer, shooting stage steady nitrogen fertilizer application, later stage benefit executes ear manuer; Water starch management grasp shallow water in early stage duty is filled with and is promoted that morning is sent out, and mid-term, dry wet strong stalk strengthened root, and later stage moistening irrigation is lived ripe in old.
5) before sowing, with medicament seed soaking prevents and treats bakanae disease; According to the timely prevention and elimination of disease and pests of prediction of local plant protection department between breeding time; To pay attention to especially preventing and treating small brown rice planthopper after nursery period and transplanting, prevent black streak dwarf from occurring; Middle and later periods and fringe phase will be paid special attention to prevent and treat banded sclerotial blight and rotten neck.
Step 4) in, base fetilizer for tillering and ear manuer ratio are 8:2.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art; the cultivation method of maintenance of the present invention southern round-grained rice 46 rice taste quality; make excellent flavour rice south round-grained rice 46 under the prerequisite of high yield; ensure that preferably rice eating-quality; not only increase the economic benefit of Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households excellent flavour rice kind; and meet the requirements at the higher level of consumer to rice quality, be conducive to its large-scale planting and industrialization development.Meanwhile, the blindness decreasing fertilizer in fertilizer optimizing process is used, and avoids too much energy resource consumption and environmental pollution, has good practicality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is growing way figure between N fertilization experimental field.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1
Keep a cultivation method for southern round-grained rice 46 rice taste quality, comprise the following steps:
1) meticulous wholely, Bao Shui shallow insert
Plough in time after stubble results before land for growing field crops and harrow a field, tilling depth 10-15cm.Use sufficient basal plane fertilizer before transplanting, upper water harrows a field, and removes field residue, weeds simultaneously, and site preparation quality requires that difference of height is within 3cm.When planting, land for growing field crops will sink real 1-2 days, prevent field excessively rotten, cross and stick with paste and gush mud pressure seedling phenomenon.Carry out thin water after the leveling of field shallow slotting, the field depth of water rests in 1-3cm, carries out the shallow slotting technology of 2-3cm, grasps and can floats, more shallow better, reduces scarce cave and drift seedling rate as far as possible.The principle that the fertile manure use of basal plane and inorganic fertilizer combine.
2) proper seeding, cultivates strong seedling
Advocate accurate quantification light seeding, sowing paddy adopts the bud paddy of germination rate more than 90%, is suitable for sow mid-May.The clean seedling plate of the water-raised seedling amount of broadcasting 300kg/hm
2left and right.The clean seedling plate of the half dry rice seedling amount of broadcasting 600 ~ 750kg/hm
2.Mould plate seedling raising and often should coil 100 ~ 120g, land for growing field crops sowing quantity 45 ~ 60kg/hm
2, light seeding can be reached and educate strong seedling.
3) of the right agely to plant, rational close planting
The tillering ability of south round-grained rice 46 is general, therefore must ensure the planting density be suitable for.The transplanting rice length of time rice seedlings grow controls at about 30 days, row, spacing in the rows 25cm × 13cm; The transplanting length of time rice seedlings grow controls at 18-20 days, distance between rows and hills 30cm × 13cm, 240,000 ~ 270,000 caves/hm
2, the seedling number 4-5 strain of every cave, participates basic stem tiller seedling 1,050,000-120 ten thousand/hm
2.Seedling number discharges water when reaching expection spike number 80% and puts field, and peak seedling controls at 3,750,000 ~ 4,200,000/hm
2.
4) rich water quality management
For keeping the best Cooking Quality of high-grade rice, need accurate quantification to apply fertilizer, many organic fertilizers, particularly later stage are tried one's best Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer.On fertilizer application, grasp " front heavy, in steady, rear benefit, control nitrogen, phosphorization, increasing potassium " fertilization principle, early execute tillering fertilizer, shooting stage steady nitrogen fertilizer application, later stage benefit executes ear manuer.Base fetilizer for tillering and ear manuer ratio are advisable with 8:2, and accomplish that N, P, K collocation uses.Base manure is used before transplanting, executes the organic commercial fertilizer 5000.0kg/hm of nitrogen content 1.0%
2make base manure (purity nitrogen 50.0kg/hm
2), N P and K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N:P:K=15:15:15) 400.0kg/hm of 45%
2(purity nitrogen 60.0kg/hm
2) rotary tillage enters mud; Nutriment in a fertilizer of tillering is used for 2 times, the 1st 5-7 days after transplanting, every hm
2execute urea 75.0kg (the purity nitrogen 35.0kg/hm of nitrogen content 46.7% respectively
2), the 2nd time after transplanting 15 ~ 20 days, every hm
2execute urea 75.0kg (the purity nitrogen 35.0kg/hm of nitrogen content 46.7% respectively
2), early send out short object of tillering to reach.Ear manuer fall 4 leaf Leaf-Age-Periods apply, every hm
2execute the organic commercial fertilizer 1500kg/hm of nitrogen content 1.0%
2(purity nitrogen 15.0kg/hm
2)
,, N P and K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N:P:K=15:15:15) 200.0kg/hm of 45%
2(purity nitrogen 30.0kg/hm
2).Water starch management grasp shallow water in early stage duty is filled with and is promoted that morning is sent out, and mid-term, dry wet strong stalk strengthened root, and later stage moistening irrigation is lived ripe in old.
5) disease pest and weed control
Before sowing, with medicament seed soaking prevents and treats the seed-borne diseases such as bakanae disease.According to the timely prevention and elimination of disease and pests of prediction of local plant protection department between breeding time.To pay attention to especially preventing and treating small brown rice planthopper after nursery period and transplanting, prevent black streak dwarf from occurring.Middle and later periods and fringe phase will be paid special attention to prevent and treat banded sclerotial blight and rotten neck.
Embodiment 2
Adopt the method for embodiment 1, under Lianyungang of Jiangsu (34.5 °), Huaian (33.5 °), Yangzhou (32.4 °), Changshu (31.7 °) and Suzhou (31.4 °) 5 latitudes, cultivated area is set respectively.Each pilot arrange May 10, May 20, May 30, June 9, June 19, June 29 and July 97 seedtimes.Result of the test is as follows:
1) seedtime and region are to the variance analysis of southern round-grained rice 46 Cooking Quality
Each Cooking Quality proterties between date of seeding and intersite effect difference be all remarkable or extremely significant, on the reciprocal effects of date of seeding with intersite, isolating protein content performance difference significantly outside, all the other all show difference extremely remarkable (table 1).
The variance analysis of southern round-grained rice 46 rice eating-quality under the different seedtime of table 1 and region
* the significance in 0.05 and 0.01 level is illustrated respectively in * *.
2) region is sowed on the impact of southern round-grained rice 46 Cooking Quality
South with touchdown point is moved, and amylose content is in the variation tendency of first falling rear liter, minimum with Changshu point, and the difference between other 4 regions reaches significance level.Protein content is also in the variation tendency of falling after rising, and Changshu point is the highest, Lianyun Harbour and Huaiyin minimum.Gel consistence is in the variation tendency of falling after rising, and Yangzhou point is the highest, Suzhou and Changshu point lower.Gelatinization point (abatement value) in the variation tendency that reduces gradually, Lianyun Harbour and Huaiyin the highest, Suzhou is minimum.Taste quality in the variation tendency of first to fall rear liter, Lianyun Harbour and Huaiyin the highest, Changshu point minimum (table 2).The Cooking Quality proterties of comprehensive different geographical, has best Cooking Quality when southern round-grained rice 46 is planted in the North Jiangsu Area such as Lianyun Harbour and Huaiyin.But due to ripe late round-grained rice type in southern round-grained rice 46 genus, breeding time is longer, plants safe maturation there is risk in Lianyun Harbour and Huaian, is not suitable in these area plantations.When planting in Operation in Yangzhou Area, early sowing early to plant, cross the safe maturation of late sowing kind and there is risk.Therefore, considering that under the prerequisite that safety is ripe, the best cultivated area keeping southern round-grained rice 46 excellent flavour quality is south Jiangsu province, Operation in Yangzhou Area plantation in Soviet Union at this point within the scope of territory, can moved northward in right amount, latitude scope is north latitude 31.4 ° ~ 32.4 °, but will note broadcasting the cultivation time.
The Multiple range test of region to southern round-grained rice 46 Cooking Quality sowed by table 2
Between same column different letter representation process, difference reaches the significance of 0.05.
3) seedtime is on the impact of southern round-grained rice 46 Cooking Quality
Each sowing areal setting May 10, May 20, May 30, June 9, June 19, June 29 and July 97 seedtimes.Amylose content is postponed with seedtime, the variation tendency that aggregate performance is fallen after rising, and lower when (May 10) and (July 9) sowing the latest the earliest, between all the other 5 seedtimes, difference is not remarkable.Protein content is postponed overall in rising trend with seedtime, wherein between front 5 periods, difference is not remarkable, and between June 29 and July 9, difference is not remarkable, but processes significant difference with first 5.Gel consistence is not obvious with date of seeding postponement Changing Pattern, and May 10 is the highest, and July 9 is minimum.Gelatinization point (abatement value) is postponed overall in rising trend with date of seeding, except difference between May 30 date of seeding, June 9, June 19 is not remarkable, between all the other dates of seeding, difference all reaches significance level.Rice Taste quality is postponed overall in the variation tendency of falling after rising with date of seeding, between May 10 to June 19 4 date of seeding Taste quality higher, June 29 and Taste quality on July 9 lower (table 3).Therefore, the features such as each Cooking Quality proterties of Integrated comparative and breeding time thereof, keep the suitableeest seedtime of southern round-grained rice 46 excellent flavour about 20 days May, can postpone till May 30 at the latest in southern area of Jiangsu Province.
Table 3 seedtime is to the Multiple range test of southern round-grained rice 46 Cooking Quality
Between same column different letter representation process, difference reaches the significance of 0.05.
4) amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is on the impact of southern round-grained rice 46 Cooking Quality
Amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer arranges 0 at Yangzhou point, 150,187.5,225.0,262.5,300,337.5kg/hm
2deng 7 kinds of nitrogen amount applied.
With the increase of amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, southern round-grained rice 46 amylose content is downward trend, and the amylose content wherein do not executed under nitrogen condition is 337.5kg/hm than amount of nitrogen
2high by 7.85% under condition.Protein content is the trend risen gradually, wherein amount of nitrogen 337.5kg/hm
2protein content under condition is than high by 23.04% under not executing nitrogen condition.With the increase of amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, gel consistence shortens gradually, and the gel consistence wherein not executing nitrogen condition is 337.5kg/hm than amount of nitrogen
2under length 16.75%.Gelatinization point (abatement value) reduces gradually, does not wherein execute nitrogen condition than amount of nitrogen 337.5kg/hm
2under high by 25.15%.Increase with amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, Taste quality is in first raising the variation tendency reduced afterwards, (table 4).For seeking the optimal balance point of Taste quality and output, it is 225.0kg/hm that research finds at amount of nitrogen
2treatment conditions under, excellent flavour rice kind south round-grained rice 46 Taste quality compared with the highest Taste quality when not executing nitrogen, all there is not significant difference statistically.And at same nitrogen amount applied, the actual production of southern round-grained rice 46 and amount of nitrogen are at 300.0kg/hm
2maximum output under condition is compared, and there is not significant difference (table 5) too.Therefore, amount of nitrogen is selected to be 225.0kg/hm
2as under guarantee excellent flavour rice high yield prerequisite, the best amount of nitrogen of more excellent Cooking Quality, between experimental field, growing way figure as shown in Figure 1.
Table 4 amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is to the Multiple range test of southern round-grained rice 46 Cooking Quality
Between same column different letter representation process, difference reaches the significance of 0.05.
Table 5 amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is to the comparison of southern round-grained rice 46 Yield and its components factor
Between same column different letter representation process, difference reaches the significance of 0.05.
5) the southern the suitableeest base fetilizer for tillering of round-grained rice 46 Cooking Quality and the ratio of ear manuer is kept
By at total amount of nitrogen 225.0kg/hm
2under base fetilizer for tillering is set and ear manuer ratio is 6:4,7:3,8:2,10:0 tetra-kinds of processing horizontals, according to the measurement result of each quality trait, the Cooking Quality of southern round-grained rice 46 is reduction trend with the increase of ear manuer amount of application, wherein optimum not execute ear manuer Cooking Quality.Therefore, for keeping the excellent flavour characteristic of southern round-grained rice 46, the amount of application of ear manuer should be reduced, but comprehensive yield traits, base fetilizer for tillering and ear manuer ratio are that 8:2 is more suitable, can obtain high yield, can keep again preferably Cooking Quality (table 6).
Table 6 Time of Applying Nitrogen Fertilizer is to the comparison of southern round-grained rice 46 yield and quality
Between same column different letter representation process, difference reaches the significance of 0.05.
Claims (4)
1. keep a cultivation method for southern round-grained rice 46 rice taste quality, it is characterized in that, north latitude 31.4 ° ~ 32.4 ° is elected in cultivation area as; Sowing time is that annual May 10 was to May 30; Amount of nitrogen is 225.0kg/hm
2.
2. the cultivation method of maintenance according to claim 1 southern round-grained rice 46 rice taste quality, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) plough in time and harrow a field, tilling depth 10-15cm after stubble results before land for growing field crops; Use sufficient basal plane fertilizer before transplanting, upper water harrows a field, and removes field residue, weeds simultaneously, and site preparation quality requires that difference of height is within 3cm; When planting, land for growing field crops will sink real 1-2 days, prevent field excessively rotten, cross and stick with paste and gush mud pressure seedling phenomenon; Carry out thin water after the leveling of field shallow slotting, the field depth of water rests in 1-3cm, carries out the shallow slotting technology of 2-3cm, grasps and can floats, more shallow better, reduces and lacks cave and drift seedling rate;
2) sow the bud paddy that paddy adopts germination rate more than 90%, sow mid-May; The clean seedling plate of the water-raised seedling amount of broadcasting 290 ~ 310kg/hm
2; The clean seedling plate of the half dry rice seedling amount of broadcasting 600 ~ 750kg/hm
2; Mould plate seedling raising and often should coil 100 ~ 120g, land for growing field crops sowing quantity 45 ~ 60kg/hm
2;
3) the transplanting rice length of time rice seedlings grow controls at 28 ~ 32 days, row, spacing in the rows 25cm × 13cm; The transplanting length of time rice seedlings grow controls at 18-20 days, distance between rows and hills 30cm × 13cm, 240,000 ~ 270,000 caves/hm
2, the seedling number 4-5 strain of every cave, participates basic stem tiller seedling 1,050,000-120 ten thousand/hm
2; Seedling number discharges water when reaching expection spike number 80% and puts field, and peak seedling controls at 3,750,000 ~ 4,200,000/hm
2;
4) accurate quantification fertilising, many organic fertilizers, later stage Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer; On fertilizer application, according to " front heavy, in steady, rear benefit, control nitrogen, phosphorization, increasing potassium " fertilization principle, early execute tillering fertilizer, shooting stage steady nitrogen fertilizer application, later stage benefit executes ear manuer;
5) before sowing, with medicament seed soaking prevents and treats bakanae disease; According to the timely prevention and elimination of disease and pests of prediction of local plant protection department between breeding time; To pay attention to especially preventing and treating small brown rice planthopper after nursery period and transplanting, prevent black streak dwarf from occurring; Middle and later periods and fringe phase will be paid special attention to prevent and treat banded sclerotial blight and rotten neck.
3. the cultivation method of maintenance according to claim 1 southern round-grained rice 46 rice taste quality, is characterized in that: in step 4), and base fetilizer for tillering and ear manuer ratio are 8:2.
4. the cultivation method of maintenance according to claim 1 southern round-grained rice 46 rice taste quality, is characterized in that: water starch management grasp shallow water in early stage duty is filled with and promoted that morning is sent out, and mid-term, dry wet strong stalk strengthened root, and later stage moistening irrigation is lived ripe in old.
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| CN114503891A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-17 | 中国水稻研究所 | Method for improving taste of rice by precisely applying panicle fertilizer based on N supply capacity of soil |
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| CN114503891A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-17 | 中国水稻研究所 | Method for improving taste of rice by precisely applying panicle fertilizer based on N supply capacity of soil |
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Application publication date: 20151216 |