CN105165384B - A kind of light simple efficient cultivation method of Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco - Google Patents
A kind of light simple efficient cultivation method of Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1438—Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
A kind of light simple efficient cultivation method of Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco disclosed by the invention, is related to technical field of economic crop cultivation, its planting process is as follows：(i), plough deeply and sun the earth which has been ploughed up；(ii), floating seedlings：(1), Flotage seedling raising pool arranges；(2), floating seedlings are sowed；(3), seedling is controlled；(4), sand culture hardening；(iii), vega arranges：(1), vega ridging；(2), cave is opened：1., open kind of a plant hole；2., open fertilising cave；3., fertilising；(iv), tobacco seedlings are transplanted；(v) mulch, is covered：(1), overlay film；(2), film mouth is opened；(3), rupture of membranes；(vi), insect pest preventing and controlling；(vii), suckering；(viii), other management.With saving of labor, high-quality, efficient, the features such as being adapted to flue-cured tobacco large-scale production in Tobacco-rice rotation area, be suitable on the south China the Changjiang river vast Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco gently simple Efficient Cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of economic crop cultivation, and in particular to a kind of light simple Efficient Cultivation of Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco
Method.
Background technology
With the fast development of urbanization in the past 10 years and the decline of kind cigarette comparative effectiveness, tobacco grower troop and planting scale with
There occurs obvious change, producing region tobacco grower troop to be gradually reduced, at the same time, tobacco planting scale progressively expands, per family
Scale is by traditional 3-5 mus, and progressively developing into current each producing region, area has all reached 50 mu or so substantially per family, up to a hundred mu
Farmer also occupies no small ratio.Rapid with scale per family expands and the continuous improvement of labor cost, causes to bake
Cigarette planting cost increases substantially, and asks the problem of work is difficult, recruitment is expensive more and more prominent in cured tobacco production.Intensive cultivation traditional at the same time
Spy's flue-cured tobacco cultivation technology is increasingly difficult to implement completely and promote and apply.Therefore, it is badly in need of being directed to current cured tobacco production present situation, grinds
Study carefully it is a set of it is easy to operate, the amount of labour used is few, the light simple efficiency cultivation technology for high that is adapted to do mechanization operation, ensures the higher yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco,
It is modern tobacco agriculture to realize that tobacco grower easily plants that cigarette, quality of tobacco are excellent, planting scale is stable, the target of cigarette district sustainable development
Solid foundation is established in industry development.
A kind of disclosed " the Yunnan Tobacco Planting Area light environment that adapts to of Chinese patent (number of patent application 201310310612.6)
Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method ", the described method includes transplanting, overlay film period management, field management process under floating seedlings, site preparation ridging, film.
Sowing time is mid-December to mid-February, using floating plate floating seedlings method, hardening 8-14 days before transplanting；Then hack store moisture in the soil,
Site preparation ridging, inorganic fertilizer and decomposed cake fertilizer are applied after mixing；Transplanting time is mid-March to mid-April, plants smoke density and is
1000-1200 plants/acre, pour 1.5-2.5kg root waters for every plant after tobacco seedlings transplanting, be covered with color mulch；After transplanting top dressing twice,
Draw seedling during teleblem at the top of 15-25 days tobacco seedlings；Take off mulch when cigarette strain enters prosperous long mid-term within the 30-40 days, timely ridging, weeding,
Watering, topping stay leaf and smear wooden fork.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide one kind to have saving of labor, high-quality, efficient, is adapted to flue-cured tobacco scale in Tobacco-rice rotation area
The cultivation technique of production.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is that a kind of light letter of invention Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco is efficient
Cultural method, its planting process are as follows：
(i), plough deeply and sun the earth which has been ploughed up：
Before make to plough deeply in time after rice harves to sun the earth which has been ploughed up, ploughed depth 15-25cm, the time of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up for 2-4 months, becomes solarization
Upturned soil field；
(ii), floating seedlings：
(1), Flotage seedling raising pool arranges：5-10 days before tobacco seed sowing, agricultural film antiseep is spread in floating seedlings bottom of pond,
The river sand of 3-5cm thickness is spread on film, then to irrigating nutritive liquid for floating breeding in Flotage seedling raising pool to 8-12cm depths
Water level；
(2), floating seedlings are sowed：December, early and middle ten days, educating for the floating seedling tray equipped with seedling medium was sown into by tobacco seed
In seedling cave, the nutritive liquid for floating breeding face being then positioned over seedlings nursing plate in Flotage seedling raising pool carries out floating seedlings；
(3), seedling is controlled：When tobacco seedlings length to 51 heart of leaf, DA-6 and concentration that leaf surface spraying concentration is 0.04-0.06g/L are
The cycocel mixed solution of 0.4-0.6g/L, dosage spray above-mentioned mixed solution 2.5- every time for tobacco seedlings needed for per hectare crop field
3.5kg, sprays twice, is spaced 8-10 days altogether, is handled by controlling seedling, improves seedling quality；
(4), sand culture hardening：8-12 days before transplanting, a part of water in Flotage seedling raising pool is discharged, reservation exceedes sand bed 1-
3cm water layers, allow in sand the liquid manure possessed to supply tobacco seedling growth, carry out sand culture hardening；Treat tobacco seedlings 7-8 leaves wholeheartedly, more than stalk 9cm
When, become tobacco seedlings to be transplanted；
(iii), vega arranges：
(1), vega ridging：15-25 days before tobacco seedlings transplanting, the field that will sun the earth which has been ploughed up is high by line-spacing 115-125cm ridgings, ridge
25-35cm, ridge bottom width 85-95cm；
(2), cave is opened：
1., open kind of a plant hole：The kind plant hole of diameter 5-7cm, depth 9-11cm are opened according to strain spacing 40-60cm；
2., open fertilising cave：Around kind of a plant hole center, fluting width 2-4cm, groove depth 7-9cm, groove outer rim are away from kind of a plant hole center
The annular fertilization cave of point 14-16cm；
3., fertilising：The amount of nitrogenous fertilizer as used in being calculated per hectare purity nitrogen 127.5-142.5kg, by nitrogen：Phosphorus pentoxide：Oxidation
Potassium=1：0.8-1.1：Phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount used in the pure nutrients ratio calculating of 2.5-3.0, the nitrogen that will be mixed according to the above ratio
P-K fertilizer is applied in opened fertilising cave according to the usage ratio of each fertilising cave 7.73-8.64g purity nitrogens；
(iv), tobacco seedlings are transplanted：
In 5-15 days March, healthy and strong consistent tobacco seedlings to be transplanted are transplanted into kind of plant hole, one plant are planted per cave, transplanting depth
For 8-10cm, meanwhile, every plant of band fertilizer root water for pouring 0.5-1.5kg；
(v) mulch, is covered：
(1), overlay film：After transplanting, take advantage of when vega soil is sufficiently humidified so as to and cover mulch in time, allow at the top of tobacco seedlings away from membrane plane it
Between keep 5-10cm high growing space；
(2), film mouth is opened：When local temperature in the shed is more than 35 DEG C, the film mouth of 0.5-1.0cm is being opened above tobacco seedlings at film surface,
So as to ventilation, reduce temperature in the shed；
(3), rupture of membranes：10-20 days after transplanting, treat the tobacco seedlings 1-2 piece blade tip teleblems of more than half and do not drop significantly
During warm process, rupture of membranes is carried out, rupture of membranes bore is 8-12cm, and seedling is dug out out of film, then builds root and stem of certain plants soil dressing with the flat bank of hand, makes
The full not ponding of whole ridge body, film mouth are obturaged；
(vi), insect pest preventing and controlling：
Insect pest preventing and controlling conventionally carry out；
(vii), suckering：
When the flowers are in blossom at first center of the cigarette strain of 40-60% in vega puts, in the weather of no rainfall carrying out topping smears
Wooden fork, and it is interior when 24 is small after wooden fork is smeared in topping, spray 340-360 times of liquid of 25% flumetralim, every plant of dosage 15-20ml；
(viii), other management：
Other cultivation managements being not involved with are same as the prior art.
The purity nitrogen in npk fertilizer in the fertilising step is the inorganic states nitrogenous fertilizer and 40-20% by 60-80%
Organic nitrogenous fertilizer supply.
Purity nitrogen in the inorganic states nitrogenous fertilizer is supplied by the nitrate fertilizer of 40-60% and the ammonium fertilizer of 60-40%.
The organic nitrogenous fertilizer is the decomposed of one or more compositions in rapeseed cake fertilizer, sesame cake fertilizer, soybean cake fertilizer
Cake fertilizer, when for it is two or more when, the ratio of each component is equal portions or other ratios.
Band fertilizer root water in the tobacco seedlings transplant step is that the tobacco that weight concentration is 0.2-0.4% special carries seed manure
Or the aqueous solution of special tobacco seedling fertilizer.
The overlay film step is mulch Wheat straw mulching.
Mulch in the overlay film step is timing degradative plastic film.
Soil in the overlay film step is sufficiently humidified so as to, and refers to that relative moisture of the soil reaches more than 80%.
It is described to open opening kind of a plant hole, opening fertilising cave and the three small step of fertilising is using opening cave-applied fertilizer equipment integrating in the step of cave
Synchronously complete.
Gently simple efficient cultivation method compared with existing flue-cured tobacco cultivation technology, has following the Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco of the present invention
Advantage：
First, discharging a part of water in Flotage seedling raising pool before transplanting, the liquid manure possessed is allowed in sand to supply tobacco seedling growth,
Sand culture hardening is carried out, the hardening link in traditional floating seedlings technology is eliminated, while saving of labor, has reached good hardening
Effect；
Second, being handled when tobacco seedlings length to 51 heart of leaf using foliage-spray DA-6 and the control of cycocel progress, promote tobacco seedlings
Robust growth, without leaf-cutting during floating seedlings, had not only saved the leaf-cutting recruitment in conventional art, but also reached strong sprout purpose；
Third, kind of plant hole and fertilising cave are separated, compared with the prior art, during tobacco seedlings transplanting kind of plant hole, tobacco seedlings not with fertilizer
Directly contact, burn root phenomenon so as to avoid fertilizer, tobacco seedlings transplanting is fast and facilitates；
Fourth, fertilising cave is annular groove, annular groove is 14-16cm away from tobacco seedlings central point, and fertilising band is in root system compact district
Domain, compared with prior art, the distributed areas of such fertilizer placement and root system match, and are particularly conducive to root system to fertilizer
Absorb, so as to considerably improve the utilization rate of fertilizer；
Fifth, by means of opening cave-applied fertilizer equipment integrating, by tobacco planting all required N P and K inorganic fertilizer and decomposed cake
In fertile disposable uniformly application fertilising cave, compared with existing multi-period, more number fertilizer practice, single fertilization is realized,
On the one hand process is simplified, avoids the recruitment repeatedly applied fertilizer, on the other hand apply fertilizer ahead of time, fertilizer is supplied ahead of time, is conducive to cigarette
Strain early growth and quick tiller and dry-matter accumulation；
Sixth, compared with the conventional mulch of existing covering, present invention covering Biodegradable mulch, can voluntarily degrade, without taking off
Film link, had both saved and has taken off film recruitment, and due to biological mulch film this season, that is, degradable, thus can effectively avoid the white of conventional mulch
Color pollutes；
Seventh, in flue-cured tobacco time of infertility Wheat straw mulching Biodegradable mulch, thus, while soil suitable humidity is kept,
Weeds can effectively be suppressed, save a large amount of recruitments of time of infertility removing weeds, reduce the pollution by pesticides of herbicide；
Eigth, using Suckering agents spray process to replace existing Suckering agents cup leaching method, light letter is efficient, with existing inhibiting sprout phase
Than, can save about 30% the amount of labour used and Suckering agents dosage.
Therefore, the light simple efficient cultivation method of Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco of the invention, link closely " light letter " and " efficient " two high point
Key innovates main points, in nursery, opens the links such as cave, fertilising, covering, plant protection, suckering, takes multiple spot technological innovation, simplify technology
Link, saved labor, it is achieved thereby that light letter efficiently produces purpose.
Gently simple efficient cultivation method is applied to cured tobacco production to the Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco of the present invention, and flue-cured tobacco can be promoted good
Growth, it is compared to routine techniques：In terms of work is subtracted, per hectare can save 54.9 works of recruitment；High-quality aspect, first-class cigarette ratio
21.2% is improved, score of smokeing panel test improves 14.3%；Efficiently aspect, the per hectare output value improve 4332.0 yuan, reduce recruitment cost
2250 yuan/hm2。
Following table 1 is the Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco of present invention when gently simple efficient cultivation method is applied to cured tobacco production, is tried
Test flue-cured tobacco economic characters investigation result a little：
1 testing site flue-cured tobacco economic characters investigation result of table
Following table 2 is the Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco of present invention when gently simple efficient cultivation method is applied to cured tobacco production, is tried
Test tobacco sensory quality smoking result a little：
2 testing site tobacco sensory quality smoking result of table
Embodiment
Embodiment one：
Gently simple efficient cultivation method, its planting process are as follows for the Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco of the present embodiment：
(i), plough deeply and sun the earth which has been ploughed up：
Before make to plough deeply in time after rice harves to sun the earth which has been ploughed up, ploughed depth 20cm, the time of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up for 3 months, becomes field of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up；
(ii), floating seedlings：
(1), Flotage seedling raising pool arranges：7 days before tobacco seed sowing, black agricultural membrane antiseep is spread in floating seedlings bottom of pond,
The river sand of 4cm thickness is spread on film, then to perfusion nutritive liquid for floating breeding in Flotage seedling raising pool to the water level of 10cm depths；
(2), floating seedlings are sowed：December 10, tobacco seed is sown into the nursery of the floating seedling tray equipped with seedling medium
In cave, the nutritive liquid for floating breeding face being then positioned over seedlings nursing plate in Flotage seedling raising pool carries out floating seedlings；
(3), seedling is controlled：When tobacco seedlings length to 51 heart of leaf, DA-6 and concentration that leaf surface spraying concentration is 0.05g/L are 0.5g/L
Cycocel mixed solution, dosage sprays above-mentioned mixed solution 3kg for tobacco seedlings needed for per hectare crop field, sprays altogether twice every time,
Interval 9 days, is handled by controlling seedling, promotes tobacco seedlings robust growth, improves seedling quality, and leaf-cutting nurturing staff is exempted from realization；
(4), sand culture hardening：10 days before transplanting, a part of water in Flotage seedling raising pool is discharged, reservation exceedes sand bed 2cm water
Layer, allows in sand the liquid manure possessed supply tobacco seedling growth, progress sand culture hardening；When tobacco seedlings 7-8 leaves wholeheartedly, more than stalk 9cm when, into
For tobacco seedlings to be transplanted；
(iii), vega arranges：
(1), vega ridging：20 days before tobacco seedlings transplanting, the field that will sun the earth which has been ploughed up is by line-spacing 120cm ridgings, the high 30cm in ridge, ridge bottom width
90cm；
(2), cave is opened：
1., open kind of a plant hole：The kind plant hole of diameter 6cm, depth 10cm are opened according to strain spacing 50cm；
2., open fertilising cave：Around kind of a plant hole center, fluting width 3cm, groove depth 8cm, groove outer rim are away from kind of a plant hole central point 15cm
Annular fertilization cave；
3., fertilising：The amount of nitrogenous fertilizer as used in being calculated per hectare purity nitrogen 135kg, nitrogenous fertilizer is by inorganic states nitrogenous fertilizer and organic nitrogenous fertilizer
Form, the purity nitrogen ratio (weight) that both are supplied is 70%：30%；Inorganic states nitrogenous fertilizer is by nitrate fertilizer and ammonium fertilizer structure
Into the purity nitrogen ratio (weight) that both supply is 50%：50%；Organic nitrogenous fertilizer for decomposed rapeseed cake fertilizer or sesame cake fertilizer or
Soybean cake fertilizer is (i.e.：Decomposed cake fertilizer)；By nitrogen：Phosphorus pentoxide：Potassium oxide=1：0.95：2.7 pure nutrients ratio (weight) meter
Phosphate fertilizer used in calculation and potash fertilizer amount, by the nitrate fertilizer for making nitrogenous fertilizer and ammonium fertilizer, make the calcium superphosphate of phosphate fertilizer and make potash fertilizer
After potassium sulfate and decomposed cake fertilizer are sufficiently mixed, by cave-applied fertilizer equipment integrating is opened while cave is opened, according to each fertilising
The usage ratio of the 8.18 grams of purity nitrogens in cave, by the disposable uniformly application annular fertilization groove of fertilizer used in cigarette strain；
(iv), tobacco seedlings are transplanted：
March 10, healthy and strong consistent tobacco seedlings to be transplanted are transplanted into kind of plant hole, one plant is planted per cave, transplanting depth is
8-10cm, meanwhile, every plant of band fertilizer root water for pouring 1kg；Band fertilizer root water used is that the tobacco that weight concentration is 0.3% is special
With the aqueous solution for carrying seed manure or special tobacco seedling fertilizer；
(v) mulch, is covered：
(1), overlay film：After transplanting, when vega soil is sufficiently humidified so as to, i.e., relative moisture of the soil reaches more than 80%, covering is fixed
When degradative plastic film (：Biodegradable mulch), tobacco seedlings top is allowed away from the growing space that 8cm high is kept between membrane plane；
(2), film mouth is opened：When local temperature in the shed is more than 35 DEG C, the film mouth of 0.8cm is being opened above tobacco seedlings at film surface, to lead to
Wind ventilation, reduce temperature in the shed；
(3), rupture of membranes：10-20 days after transplanting, treat the tobacco seedlings 1-2 piece blade tip teleblems of more than half and do not drop significantly
During warm process, rupture of membranes is carried out in time, and rupture of membranes bore is 10cm, and seedling is dug out out of film, then builds root and stem of certain plants soil dressing with the flat bank of hand, makes
The full not ponding of whole ridge body, film mouth are obturaged；Thereafter, Wheat straw mulching Biodegradable mulch, flue-cured tobacco harvest after biological mulch film voluntarily
Degraded, without manually taking off film, without weeding；
(vi), insect pest preventing and controlling：
Insect pest preventing and controlling conventionally carry out, and plant protection service agreement is signed by cigarette district specialty plant protection team and tobacco grower, unified
Purchase medicine, unified prevention；
(vii), suckering：
When the flowers are in blossom at first center of 50% cigarette strain in vega puts, in the weather of no rainfall carrying out topping smears wooden fork,
And it is interior when 24 is small after wooden fork is smeared in topping, spray 25% flumetralim, 350 times of liquid, every plant of dosage 18ml；
(viii), other management：
Other cultivation managements being not involved with are same as the prior art.
Embodiment two：
Gently simple efficient cultivation method, its planting process are as follows for the flue-cured tobacco of the Tobacco-rice rotation of the present embodiment：
(i), plough deeply and sun the earth which has been ploughed up：
Before make to plough deeply in time after rice harves to sun the earth which has been ploughed up, ploughed depth 15cm, the time of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up for 2 months, becomes field of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up；
(ii), floating seedlings：
(1), Flotage seedling raising pool arranges：5 days before tobacco seed sowing, black agricultural membrane antiseep is spread in floating seedlings bottom of pond,
The river sand of 3cm thickness is spread on film, then to perfusion nutritive liquid for floating breeding in Flotage seedling raising pool to the water level of 8cm depths；
(2), floating seedlings are sowed：December 1, tobacco seed is sown into the nursery of the floating seedling tray equipped with seedling medium
In cave, the nutritive liquid for floating breeding face being then positioned over seedlings nursing plate in Flotage seedling raising pool carries out floating seedlings；
(3), seedling is controlled：When tobacco seedlings length to 51 heart of leaf, DA-6 and concentration that leaf surface spraying concentration is 0.04g/L are 0.4g/L
Cycocel mixed solution, dosage sprays above-mentioned mixed solution 2.5kg for tobacco seedlings needed for per hectare crop field, sprays two altogether every time
It is secondary, it is spaced 8 days, is handled by controlling seedling, promote tobacco seedlings robust growth, improve seedling quality, leaf-cutting nurturing staff is exempted from realization；
(4), sand culture hardening：8 days before transplanting, a part of water in Flotage seedling raising pool to be discharged, reservation exceedes sand bed 1cm water layers,
Allow in sand the liquid manure possessed to supply tobacco seedling growth, carry out sand culture hardening；When tobacco seedlings 7-8 leaves wholeheartedly, more than stalk 9cm when, become and treat
Transplant tobacco seedlings；
(iii), vega arranges：
(1), vega ridging：15 days before tobacco seedlings transplanting, the field that will sun the earth which has been ploughed up is by line-spacing 115cm ridgings, the high 25cm in ridge, ridge bottom width
85cm；
(2), cave is opened：
1., open kind of a plant hole：The kind plant hole of diameter 5cm, depth 9cm are opened according to strain spacing 40cm；
2., open fertilising cave：Around kind of a plant hole center, fluting width 2cm, groove depth 7cm, groove outer rim are away from kind of a plant hole central point 12cm
Annular fertilization cave；
3., fertilising：The amount of nitrogenous fertilizer as used in being calculated per hectare purity nitrogen 127.5kg, nitrogenous fertilizer is by inorganic states nitrogenous fertilizer and organic nitrogen
Fertilizer is formed, and the purity nitrogen ratio (weight) that both are supplied is 60%：40%；Inorganic states nitrogenous fertilizer is by nitrate fertilizer and ammonium fertilizer structure
Into the purity nitrogen ratio (weight) that both supply is 40%：60%；Organic nitrogenous fertilizer for decomposed rapeseed cake fertilizer or sesame cake fertilizer or
Soybean cake fertilizer is (i.e.：Decomposed cake fertilizer)；By nitrogen：Phosphorus pentoxide：Potassium oxide=1：0.8：2.5 pure nutrients ratio (weight) calculates
Phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount used, by the nitrate fertilizer for making nitrogenous fertilizer and ammonium fertilizer, makees the calcium superphosphate of phosphate fertilizer and does potash fertilizer use
Potassium sulfate and after decomposed cake fertilizer is sufficiently mixed, by cave-applied fertilizer equipment integrating is opened while cave is opened, according to each fertilising cave
The usage ratio of 7.73g purity nitrogens, by the disposable uniformly application annular fertilization groove of fertilizer used in cigarette strain；
(iv), tobacco seedlings are transplanted：
March 5, healthy and strong consistent tobacco seedlings to be transplanted are transplanted into kind of plant hole, one plant is planted per cave, transplanting depth is
8-10cm, meanwhile, every plant of band fertilizer root water for pouring 0.5kg；Band fertilizer root water used is the tobacco that weight concentration is 0.2%
The special aqueous solution for carrying seed manure or special tobacco seedling fertilizer；
(v) mulch, is covered：
(1), overlay film：After transplanting, when vega soil is sufficiently humidified so as to, i.e., relative moisture of the soil reaches more than 80%, covering is fixed
When degradative plastic film (：Biodegradable mulch), tobacco seedlings top is allowed away from the growing space that 5cm high is kept between membrane plane；
(2), film mouth is opened：When local temperature in the shed is more than 35 DEG C, the film mouth of 0.5cm is being opened above tobacco seedlings at film surface, to lead to
Wind ventilation, reduce temperature in the shed；
(3), rupture of membranes：10-20 days after transplanting, treat the tobacco seedlings 1-2 piece blade tip teleblems of more than half and do not drop significantly
During warm process, rupture of membranes is carried out in time, and rupture of membranes bore is 8cm, and seedling is dug out out of film, then builds root and stem of certain plants soil dressing with the flat bank of hand, makes
The full not ponding of whole ridge body, film mouth are obturaged；Thereafter, Wheat straw mulching Biodegradable mulch, flue-cured tobacco harvest after biological mulch film voluntarily
Degraded, without manually taking off film, without weeding；
(vi), insect pest preventing and controlling：
Insect pest preventing and controlling conventionally carry out, and can sign plant protection service agreement, system by cigarette district specialty plant protection team and tobacco grower
One purchase medicine, unified prevention；
(vii), suckering：
When the flowers are in blossom at first center of 40% cigarette strain in vega puts, in the weather of no rainfall carrying out topping smears wooden fork,
And it is interior when 24 is small after wooden fork is smeared in topping, spray 25% flumetralim, 340 times of liquid, every plant of dosage 15ml；
(viii), other management：
Other cultivation managements being not involved with are same as the prior art.
Embodiment three：
Gently simple efficient cultivation method, its planting process are as follows for the flue-cured tobacco of the Tobacco-rice rotation of the present embodiment：
(i), plough deeply and sun the earth which has been ploughed up：
Before make to plough deeply in time after rice harves to sun the earth which has been ploughed up, ploughed depth 25cm, the time of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up for 4 months, becomes field of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up；
(ii), floating seedlings：
(1), Flotage seedling raising pool arranges：10 days before tobacco seed sowing, black agricultural membrane antiseepage is spread in floating seedlings bottom of pond
Leakage, spreads the river sand of 5cm thickness on film, then to perfusion nutritive liquid for floating breeding in Flotage seedling raising pool to the water of 12cm depths
Position；
(2), floating seedlings are sowed：December 20, tobacco seed is sown into the nursery of the floating seedling tray equipped with seedling medium
In cave, the nutritive liquid for floating breeding face being then positioned over seedlings nursing plate in Flotage seedling raising pool carries out floating seedlings；
(3), seedling is controlled：When tobacco seedlings length to 51 heart of leaf, DA-6 and concentration that leaf surface spraying concentration is 0.06g/L are 0.6g/L
Cycocel mixed solution, dosage sprays above-mentioned mixed solution 3.5kg for tobacco seedlings needed for per hectare crop field, sprays two altogether every time
It is secondary, it is spaced 10 days, is handled by controlling seedling, promote tobacco seedlings robust growth, improve seedling quality, leaf-cutting nurturing staff is exempted from realization；
(4), sand culture hardening：12 days before transplanting, a part of water in Flotage seedling raising pool is discharged, reservation exceedes sand bed 3cm water
Layer, allows in sand the liquid manure possessed supply tobacco seedling growth, progress sand culture hardening；When tobacco seedlings 7-8 leaves wholeheartedly, more than stalk 9cm when, into
For tobacco seedlings to be transplanted；
(iii), vega arranges：
(1), vega ridging：25 days before tobacco seedlings transplanting, the field that will sun the earth which has been ploughed up is by line-spacing 125cm ridgings, the high 35cm in ridge, ridge bottom width
95cm；
(2), cave is opened：
1., open kind of a plant hole：The kind plant hole of diameter 7cm, depth 11cm are opened according to strain spacing 60cm；
2., open fertilising cave：Around kind of a plant hole center, fluting width 4cm, groove depth 9cm, groove outer rim are away from kind of a plant hole central point 16cm
Annular fertilization cave；
3., fertilising：The amount of nitrogenous fertilizer as used in being calculated per hectare purity nitrogen 142.5kg, nitrogenous fertilizer is by inorganic states nitrogenous fertilizer and organic nitrogen
Fertilizer is formed, and the purity nitrogen ratio (weight) that both are supplied is 80%：20%；Inorganic states nitrogenous fertilizer is by nitrate fertilizer and ammonium fertilizer structure
Into the purity nitrogen ratio (weight) that both supply is 60%：40%；Organic nitrogenous fertilizer for decomposed rapeseed cake fertilizer or sesame cake fertilizer or
Soybean cake fertilizer is (i.e.：Decomposed cake fertilizer)；By nitrogen：Phosphorus pentoxide：Potassium oxide=1：1.1：3 pure nutrients ratio (weight) calculates institute
With phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount, by the nitrate fertilizer for making nitrogenous fertilizer and ammonium fertilizer, make the calcium superphosphate of phosphate fertilizer and make potash fertilizer
After potassium sulfate and decomposed cake fertilizer are sufficiently mixed, by cave-applied fertilizer equipment integrating is opened while cave is opened, according to each fertilising cave
The usage ratio of 8.64g purity nitrogens, by the disposable uniformly application annular fertilization groove of fertilizer used in cigarette strain；
(iv), tobacco seedlings are transplanted：
March 15, healthy and strong consistent tobacco seedlings to be transplanted are transplanted into kind of plant hole, one plant is planted per cave, transplanting depth is
8-10cm, meanwhile, every plant of band fertilizer root water for pouring 1.5kg；Band fertilizer root water used is the tobacco that weight concentration is 0.4%
The special aqueous solution for carrying seed manure or special tobacco seedling fertilizer；
(v) mulch, is covered：
(1), overlay film：After transplanting, when vega soil is sufficiently humidified so as to, i.e., relative moisture of the soil reaches more than 80%, covering is fixed
When degradative plastic film (：Biodegradable mulch), tobacco seedlings top is allowed away from the growing space that 10cm high is kept between membrane plane；
(2), film mouth is opened：When local temperature in the shed is more than 35 DEG C, the film mouth of 1cm is being opened above tobacco seedlings at film surface, to divulge information
Ventilation, reduce temperature in the shed；
(3), rupture of membranes：10-20 days after transplanting, treat the tobacco seedlings 1-2 piece blade tip teleblems of more than half and do not drop significantly
During warm process, rupture of membranes is carried out in time, and rupture of membranes bore is 12cm, and seedling is dug out out of film, then builds root and stem of certain plants soil dressing with the flat bank of hand, makes
The full not ponding of whole ridge body, film mouth are obturaged；Thereafter, Wheat straw mulching Biodegradable mulch, flue-cured tobacco harvest after biological mulch film voluntarily
Degraded, without manually taking off film, without weeding；
(vi), insect pest preventing and controlling：
Insect pest preventing and controlling conventionally carry out, and can sign plant protection service agreement, system by cigarette district specialty plant protection team and tobacco grower
One purchase medicine, unified prevention；
(vii), suckering：
When the flowers are in blossom at first center of 60% cigarette strain in vega puts, in the weather of no rainfall carrying out topping smears wooden fork,
And it is interior when 24 is small after wooden fork is smeared in topping, spray 25% flumetralim, 360 times of liquid, every plant of dosage 20ml；
(viii), other management：
Other cultivation managements being not involved with are same as the prior art.
The light simple efficient cultivation method of the flue-cured tobacco of the Tobacco-rice rotation of the present invention, is suitable for vast Tobacco-rice rotation on the south China the Changjiang river
The light simple Efficient Cultivation of area's flue-cured tobacco.
Claims (8)
1. the light simple efficient cultivation method of a kind of Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco, it is characterised in that planting process is as follows：
(i), plough deeply and sun the earth which has been ploughed up：
Before make to plough deeply in time after rice harves to sun the earth which has been ploughed up, ploughed depth 15-25cm, the time of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up for 2-4 months, becomes field of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up；
(ii), floating seedlings：
(1), Flotage seedling raising pool arranges：5-10 days before tobacco seed sowing, agricultural film antiseep is spread in floating seedlings bottom of pond, thin
The river sand of 3-5cm thickness is spread above film, then to perfusion nutritive liquid for floating breeding in Flotage seedling raising pool to the water level of 8-12cm depths；
(2), floating seedlings are sowed：December, tobacco seed, was sown into the nursery cave of the floating seedling tray equipped with seedling medium by early and middle ten days
Interior, the nutritive liquid for floating breeding face being then positioned over seedlings nursing plate in Flotage seedling raising pool carries out floating seedlings；
(3), seedling is controlled：When tobacco seedlings length to 51 heart of leaf, DA-6 and concentration that leaf surface spraying concentration is 0.04-0.06g/L are 0.4-
The cycocel mixed solution of 0.6g/L, dosage spray above-mentioned mixed solution 2.5-3.5kg every time for tobacco seedlings needed for per hectare crop field,
Spray twice, be spaced 8-10 days altogether；
(4), sand culture hardening：8-12 days before transplanting, a part of water in Flotage seedling raising pool is discharged, reservation exceedes sand bed 1-3cm water
Layer, allows in sand the liquid manure possessed supply tobacco seedling growth, progress sand culture hardening；When tobacco seedlings 7-8 leaves wholeheartedly, more than stalk 9cm when, become
Tobacco seedlings to be transplanted；
(iii), vega arranges：
(1), vega ridging：15-25 days before tobacco seedlings transplanting, the field that will sun the earth which has been ploughed up is by line-spacing 115-125cm ridgings, the high 25-35cm in ridge,
Ridge bottom width 85-95cm；
(2), cave is opened：
1., open kind of a plant hole：The kind plant hole of diameter 5-7cm, depth 9-11cm are opened according to strain spacing 40-60cm；
2., open fertilising cave：Around kind of a plant hole center, fluting width 2-4cm, groove depth 7-9cm, groove outer rim are away from kind of a plant hole central point 14-
The annular fertilization cave of 16cm；
3., fertilising：The amount of nitrogenous fertilizer as used in being calculated per hectare purity nitrogen 127.5-142.5kg, by nitrogen：Phosphorus pentoxide：Potassium oxide=
1:0.8-1.1:Phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer amount used in the pure nutrients ratio calculating of 2.5-3.0, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer that will be mixed according to the above ratio
Material is applied in opened fertilising cave according to the usage ratio of each fertilising cave 7.73-8.64g purity nitrogens；
(iv), tobacco seedlings are transplanted：
In 5-15 days March, healthy and strong consistent tobacco seedlings to be transplanted are transplanted into kind of plant hole, one plant are planted per cave, transplanting depth 8-
10cm, meanwhile, every plant of band fertilizer root water for pouring 0.5-1.5kg；
Band fertilizer root water in the tobacco seedlings transplant step is that the tobacco that weight concentration is 0.2-0.4% special carries seed manure or tobacco
The aqueous solution of special seed manure；
(v) mulch, is covered：
(1), overlay film：After transplanting, take advantage of when vega soil is sufficiently humidified so as to and cover mulch in time, allow at the top of tobacco seedlings away from being protected between membrane plane
Hold the growing space of 5-10cm high；
(2), film mouth is opened：When local temperature in the shed is more than 35 DEG C, the film mouth of 0.5-1.0cm is being opened above tobacco seedlings at film surface, to lead to
Wind ventilation, reduce temperature in the shed；
(3), rupture of membranes：10-20 days after transplanting, the tobacco seedlings 1-2 piece blade tip teleblems of more than half are treated and without obvious temperature-fall period
When, rupture of membranes is carried out, rupture of membranes bore is 8-12cm, and seedling is dug out out of film, then builds root and stem of certain plants soil dressing with the flat bank of hand, makes whole ridge body
Full not ponding, film mouth are obturaged；
(vi), insect pest preventing and controlling：
Insect pest preventing and controlling conventionally carry out；
(vii), suckering：
When the flowers are in blossom at first center of the cigarette strain of 40-60% in vega puts, in the weather of no rainfall carrying out topping smears wooden fork, and
It is interior when 24 is small after wooden fork is smeared in topping, spray 340-360 times of liquid of 25% flumetralim, every plant of dosage 15-20ml.
2. the light simple efficient cultivation method of Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The fertilising step
In npk fertilizer in purity nitrogen be by 60-80% inorganic states nitrogenous fertilizer and 40-20% organic nitrogenous fertilizer supply.
3. the light simple efficient cultivation method of Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The inorganic nitrogen
Purity nitrogen in fertilizer is supplied by the nitrate fertilizer of 40-60% and the ammonium fertilizer of 60-40%.
4. the light simple efficient cultivation method of Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The organic
Nitrogenous fertilizer is one or more decomposed cake fertilizer formed in rapeseed cake fertilizer, sesame cake fertilizer, soybean cake fertilizer, when for it is two or more when,
It the ratio of each component is equal portions or other ratios.
5. the light simple efficient cultivation method of Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The overlay film step
Suddenly it is mulch Wheat straw mulching.
6. according to the light simple efficient cultivation method of the Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco of claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that：The overlay film
Mulch in step is timing degradative plastic film.
7. the light simple efficient cultivation method of Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The overlay film step
In soil be sufficiently humidified so as to, refer to that relative moisture of the soil reaches more than 80%.
8. the light simple efficient cultivation method of Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described to open cave step
In open kind of a plant hole, open fertilising cave and the three small step of fertilising is synchronously completed using opening cave-applied fertilizer equipment integrating.
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| CN105766278B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2018-12-25 | 广东省烟草南雄科学研究所 | The strong sprout method of leaf-cutting is substituted in a kind of tobacco plant nursery |
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| CN106747770A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of Tobacco-rice rotation special potassium fertilizer and its anniversary one-time use method |
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| CN107926187A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-20 | 赵常宏 | A kind of fertilizer fertilizing method of tobacco planting |
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| CN108739207A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-11-06 | 河南农业大学 | Flue-cured tobacco drought resisting and water saving cultivation method |
| CN111869531B (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2022-03-15 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Simple and efficient flue-cured tobacco cultivation method without film connection and in upper compartment |
| CN111887119A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-06 | 广西中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for transplanting tobacco seedlings in high-altitude mountain area |
| CN113748809B (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-12-13 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Flue-cured tobacco seedling transplanting device and method under mulch |
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