CN108184574A - A kind of East African altiplano area wheat furrow-ridge cultural method - Google Patents

A kind of East African altiplano area wheat furrow-ridge cultural method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108184574A
CN108184574A CN201711459458.3A CN201711459458A CN108184574A CN 108184574 A CN108184574 A CN 108184574A CN 201711459458 A CN201711459458 A CN 201711459458A CN 108184574 A CN108184574 A CN 108184574A
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ridge
soil
mulch
film
altiplano
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CN201711459458.3A
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Inventor
熊友才
王建勇
罗崇亮
任爱天
祝英
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Lanzhou University
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Lanzhou University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0268Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
    • A01G13/0275Films
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of East African altiplano area wheat furrow-ridge cultural method, this method includes the following steps:(1) sowing prefinishing soil, ridging, 10~20cm of row spacing, the high 5~10cm in ridge;(2) overlay film is carried out to the furrow on each ridge and each ridge and is managed after overlay film;(3) it broadcasts technology using film lateral sulcus after the completion of coating processing to sow pretreated wheat seed, planting density 320kg/ha is managed after planting;(4) it harvests in due course.The present invention can be good at improving local efficiency of water application, reduces moisture evaporation and soil erosion, accordingly improves the utilization rate of soil nutrient, and finally greatly improve crop yield.

Description

A kind of East African altiplano area wheat furrow-ridge cultural method
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation more particularly to a kind of East African altiplano area wheat furrow-ridge cultivation sides Method.
Background technology
East African altiplano area, especially arid and semi-arid area, climate resources are difficult to make full use of, lack and cope with arid and take place frequently Farming technology and other socio-economic factors result in jointly local severe water and soil erosion, agroecological environment deteriorate so that make Object production level is low, and grain security is by great challenge.In Loess Plateau, ditch ridge film coating technique has obtained large area and has pushed away Extensively, and to drought-hit area high crop yield and stable yields huge impetus is played, but because soil is barren, rainfall is not concentrated, and is usually existed Ridge height and row spacing are increased during ridging, less rainwater is collected, while according to soil moisture and rain event, usually broadcast to reach Kind density is relatively low.In African semiarid zone, wheat growing technique more fall behind, wheat density it is low (160~200 kilograms/ Hectare), although this area's fertile soil, African period in rainy season rainfall is concentrated, water evaporation quantity is big, moisture and nutrient profit It is low with efficiency.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of East African altiplano area wheat furrow-ridge cultural methods, it is intended to solve East African altiplano The problem of regional wheat cultivation yield is very low.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of East African altiplano area wheat furrow-ridge cultural method, this method includes following step Suddenly:
(1) sowing prefinishing soil, ridging, 10~20cm of row spacing, the high 5~10cm in ridge;
(2) overlay film is carried out to the furrow on each ridge and each ridge and is managed after overlay film;
(3) technology is broadcast using film lateral sulcus to sow pretreated wheat seed, plant after the completion of coating processing Density is 320kg/ha, is managed after planting;
(4) it harvests in due course.
Preferably, in step (1), the arrangement soil is specially:Selection topography relatively flat, the soil is porous, has The field of required thickness soil layer is cultivation object, plough horizon is turned over Cultivator after preceding stubble harvest, stubble-cleaning, Sundries in arable layer is cleared up, after it experienced initial stage in rainy season, soil is carried out to clear up again, is flattened.
Preferably, in step (1), the ridging is specially:It is paddled according to crop-planting trend with ridger along micro-ridge Ditching, ridging arranges ridge face so that ridge face is swelled with reshaper.
Preferably, in step (2), the overlay film is specially:It needs to carry out overlay film immediately after the completion of ridging work, cover Before film, first choice opens the shallow ridges of 5cm depths along sample prescription sideline, after mulch expansion, the mulch by sideline is embedded in shallow ridges on one side, is used in combination Soil pressure is real, is fully deployed mulch, and mulch another side is then just placed in other ditch, after fetching earth under film side original place put down and incite somebody to action Mulch is pressed under soil and is fixed;After having covered the first width film, by one side of the second width film and first width film interphase in shallow ridges Connect, film certain width Chong Die with film, and so on the complete entire sample prescription of paving;It to exert oneself to stretch mulch during overlay film to pave, from ridge After face is fetched earth, mulch is flattened.
Preferably, it in step (2), is managed specially after the overlay film:Covering mulch after and mulch confirm and with When ground is adjacent to, the water seepage hole of an a diameter of 3mm is made a call at 50cm among ditch, if arid season when is blocked up with Soil Surrounding Firmly water seepage hole is to prevent invalid evaporation;After the overlay film of field, prevent mulch damaged, mulch breakage is covered tightly in time with fine earth.
Preferably, in step (3), the pretreatment of the wheat seed is specially:It is 25% carbendazim with mass fraction Or mass fraction is dressed seed for 15% triadimefon, the dosage of carbendazim or triadimefon is the 0.2%~0.3% of seed weight.
Preferably, in step (3), the sowing is specially:It is sowed in furrow, depth of planting is 3~5cm.
Preferably, it is described to be after planting managed specially in step (3):The growth of seedling shape in rainy season observation film Condition breaks ground and draws seedling in due course, and progress field looks into seedling and fills the gaps with seedlings after wheat seeding is unearthed, and the row section for disconnected more than the ridge 20cm that is short of seedling is mended with same kind Kind, feeding-up pimple seedling carries out seedling thinning.
Preferably, in step (4), the in due course harvest is specially:After wheat grain filling, observation finds seed and this Kind it is intrinsic when being similar in color and being difficult to break seed with nail, you can harvested.
The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of East African altiplano area wheat furrow-ridge cultural method.East Africa is high The technology of level land cultivation that original area uses, wheat yield is very low, and conventional ditch ridge film-mulching technique is introduced into East Africa Behind highlands, wheat yield is still lower than the wheat yield of Loess Plateau.This is because East African altiplano area and loess There are caused by significant difference for weather, the soil of highlands.Although East African altiplano area is also very arid, it is dropped Rain feature is that flush period is short, concentrate and rainfall is big, and soil is fertile.The ditch ridge film-mulching technique of highlands routine is drawn After entering, rainfall adequately can not be stored well, soil fertility can not also discharge.The present invention according to local climate, Soil characteristic, on the basis of conventional ditch ridge film-mulching technique, by optimizing ditch ridge size and increasing the side of planting density Formula, reduce dry season soil moisture evaporation, increase rainwater-collecting while reduce runoff and soil evaporation, and then increase The soil moisture and nutrient being absorbed and utilized for crop, while soil nutrient status and moisture storage are improved, greatly carry High crop yield.
Compared with the prior art the shortcomings that and deficiency, the invention has the advantages that:The present invention can be good at carrying High locality efficiency of water application, reduces moisture evaporation and soil erosion, accordingly improves the utilization rate of soil nutrient, and final very big Improve crop yield.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure and size of furrow and the cultivation of corn in East African altiplano area wheat furrow-ridge cultural method of the present invention Kind schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, it is right The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only to explain the present invention, not For limiting the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1st, preceding consolidation is broadcast
Selection topography relatively flat, the soil is porous, has the field of certain depth soil thickness as basic demand.Preceding stubble Deep about 30cm is carried out to soil after harvest with Cultivator to turn over, timely stubble-cleaning.And to preceding crop residual, stone in arable layer The sundries such as block, waddy are cleared up.After it experienced certain rainfall at initial stage in rainy season, soil progress is cleared up again in time, is whole It is flat.
In East African altiplano, because soil is fertile, without using inorganic fertilizer, mainly using farm manure, dose is per hectare 2000 ~2500 kilograms or so.
Mulch uses the polyethylene hyaline membrane produced by Lanzhou gold soil Plastics Company and polyethylene black film, thickness to distinguish For 0.008mm and 0.01mm, the mulch of use is special uvioresistant mulch.
2nd, ridging
As shown in Figure 1, moving towards ditching, ridging according to crop-planting, wheat broadcasts technology using film lateral sulcus, changes ditch ridge size Dry farming area row spacing is adjusted to 10~20cm, ridge is to a high-profile to 5~10cm.Ridging is paddled ditching, ridging with ridger along micro-ridge, Ridge face is arranged with reshaper, ridge face is swelled, is conducive to overlay film collection rain.
3rd, overlay film
It needs to carry out overlay film immediately after the completion of ridging work, in order to avoid evaporation of soil water.It is first before wheat carries out overlay film The shallow ridges of 5cm depths is opened in choosing along sample prescription sideline, and after mulch expansion, the mulch by sideline is embedded in shallow ridges, and compact with soil on one side. Mulch is fully deployed, mulch another side is then just placed in other ditch, and original place is put down and by ground after being fetched earth under film side with spade Membrane pressure is fixed under soil.After having covered the first width film, by one side of the second width film, the centre in ditch connects with the first width film, film With film certain width be overlapped as possible for soil moisture conservation, and so on the complete entire sample prescription of paving.It to exert oneself to stretch mulch during overlay film It paves, after fetching earth from ridge face, should flatten immediately.
4th, it is managed after covering
The latter week left and right of mulch is covered, when mulch is confirmed and is adjacent to ground, waddy is used at 50cm among ditch The water seepage hole of an a diameter of 3mm is made a call to, is concentrated convenient for rainfall and oozes storage under season moisture.If periphery can be used in arid season Soil blocks water seepage hole to prevent invalid evaporation.After the overlay film of field, the animals such as livestock and birds is forbidden to trample on entering, mulch is caused to break Damage.It in entire experiment season, needs often carefully to check line by line along furrow, once finding that mulch is damaged, needs to be covered tightly with fine earth in time, Prevent strong wind from taking off film and moisture loss.
5th, it sows as early as possible
It after entirely experimental field coating processing is fully completed, needs to sow as early as possible, to utilize moisture to greatest extent.For small Wheat, 25% carbendazim of wheat seed or the seed dressing of 15% triadimefon, prevention wheat rust, powdery mildew, smut, dosage are before broadcasting The 0.2%~0.3% of seed weight.Sowed in ditch with special hill-drop drill, depth of planting is generally 3~5cm, hill spacing generally by Depending on hill-drop drill specification, after changing ditch ridge size, mu application rate is 320kg/ hectares or so of heavy seeding.
6th, seedling is put in time, is filled the gaps with seedlings and is safeguarded with field
Soil is easily hardened after rainy season, rainfall, therefore, observes seedling growth in film, needs to break ground in due course and draw Seedling, preventing seedling can not be unearthed and yellow, wilting in film.After wheat seeding is unearthed, carries out field and look into seedling and fill the gaps with seedlings, be short of seedling disconnected ridge 20cm Above row section need to be reseeded with same kind, and feeding-up pimple seedling will carry out seedling thinning.
Covering with ground sheeting can effectively inhibit the growth of weeds, therefore only need to carry out chemical weed control before overlay film, Simultaneously in East African altiplano because soil fertility is fertile, it is not required to carry out top dressing processing to crop in the middle and later periods.
Final-period management mainly prevents crop disease, and rust can use 12.5% standing grain fruit profit 30~35g of wettable powder per acre, 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate (section's favour) 8~9g or 20% 45~60ml of triadimefon missible oil carry out spraying prevention.Powdery mildew is used per acre 15% triadimefon 8~10g of wettable powder active ingredient or 50% Piperalin colloidal suspension 100g are watered spraying.Aphid can use 50% 4000 times of liquid of Aphox wettable powder, 10% imidacloprid, 1000 times of liquid, 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 2000 times of liquid are watered spraying.
7th, it harvests in due course
After wheat grain filling, observation finds seed and this kind being similar in color, and be difficult to break seed with nail inherently During grain, it is ready for harvesting.After harvesting wheat, cleared up burying in time with the residual broken mulch of earth's surface in the ground.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is identical with the operation of above-described embodiment 1, is in place of difference, ridging, not overlay film, do not exist directly It is planted on level land, mu application rate is 160~200kg/ hectares (conventional seed planting density) during sowing.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example is identical with the operation of above-described embodiment 1, is in place of difference, during sowing application rate for 160~ 200kg/ hectares (conventional seed planting density).
Comparative example 3
The comparative example is identical with the operation of above-described embodiment 1, is in place of difference, and ditch ridge size is conventional during ridging Row spacing 25~20, ridge it is high by 15~20.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example is identical with the operation of above-described embodiment 1, is in place of difference, not ridging and overlay film.
Effect example
Statistics and analysis is carried out to the result of above-described embodiment 1, comparative example 1~3, it is as a result as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1
As can be seen from Table 1:
(1) embodiment 1 is compared with comparative example 1, and yield increases 65.38%, and ground biomass increases 55.55%, water use efficiency increases 74.40%, and organic carbon increases 1.33%, and total nitrogen increases 5.56%, and full phosphorus increases Add 6.45%.The change that the present invention passes through the variation of ridging size, overlay film and planting density so that yield obtains greatly It improves, and other performances have improvement by a relatively large margin.
(2) comparative example 2 is compared with comparative example 1, and output increased 13.90%, ground biomass improves 27.33%, water use efficiency improves 11.67%, and organic carbon improves 0.39%, and total nitrogen improves 1.32%, full phosphorus drop Low 0.86%.It follows that again compared with the effect of embodiment 1, ridging, epiphragma cultivation are only relied in the comparative example 2 Mode, it is unsatisfactory or even than loess plateau although indices have the raising of certain amplitude compared with level land planting type The yield of the ridging epiphragma cultivation in area is also slightly lower.
(3) comparative example 3 is compared with comparative example 1, and output increased 15.40%, ground biomass improves 10.21%, water use efficiency improves 20.22%, and organic carbon improves 0.49%, and total nitrogen improves 1.28%, full phosphorus drop Low 1.26%.It follows that increasing planting density again compared with the effect of embodiment 1, in the comparative example 3 but using biography It is if the size of ridging of uniting, then more larger than the cultivation technique acquired results gap after identical planting density but ridging size-modify.
(4) comparative example 4 is compared with comparative example 1, and yield reduces 3.90%, and ground biomass reduces 0.23%, water use efficiency reduces 21.23%, and organic carbon reduces 0.41%, and total nitrogen reduces 1.23%, and full phosphorus increases 1.69%.By the way of planting density is increased, indices than the level land planting type in comparative example 1 effect also It is worse.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of East African altiplano area wheat furrow-ridge cultural method, which is characterized in that this method includes the following steps:
(1) sowing prefinishing soil, ridging, 10~20cm of row spacing, the high 5~10cm in ridge;
(2) overlay film is carried out to the furrow on each ridge and each ridge and is managed after overlay film;
(3) it broadcasts technology using film lateral sulcus after the completion of coating processing to sow pretreated wheat seed, planting density For 320kg/ha, it is managed after planting;
(4) it harvests in due course.
2. East African altiplano area wheat furrow-ridge cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), institute Stating arrangement soil is specially:Select topography relatively flat, the soil is porous, have required thickness soil layer field for cultivation object, Plough horizon is turned over Cultivator after preceding stubble harvest, stubble-cleaning clears up the sundries in arable layer, is passing through After having gone through initial stage in rainy season, soil is carried out to clear up again, is flattened.
3. East African altiplano area wheat furrow-ridge cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), institute Stating ridging is specially:Paddled ditching, ridging along micro-ridge with ridger according to crop-planting trend, arrange ridge face with reshaper so that It swells in ridge face.
4. East African altiplano area wheat furrow-ridge cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), institute Stating overlay film is specially:It needs to carry out overlay film immediately after the completion of ridging work, it is preferred to open 5cm depths along sample prescription sideline before overlay film Shallow ridges after mulch expansion, is embedded in the mulch by sideline in shallow ridges, and compact with soil, is fully deployed mulch, mulch is another on one side Side is then just placed in other ditch, and original place puts down and mulch is pressed under soil and is fixed after fetching earth under film side;Cover first After width film, by one side of the second width film, the centre in shallow ridges connects with the first width film, film certain width Chong Die with film, successively class It nappes complete entire sample prescription;It to exert oneself to stretch mulch during overlay film to pave, after fetching earth from ridge face, mulch is flattened.
5. East African altiplano area wheat furrow-ridge cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), institute It is managed specially after stating overlay film:After covering mulch and when mulch is confirmed and is adjacent to ground, among ditch at 50cm The water seepage hole of an a diameter of 3mm is made a call to, blocks water seepage hole with Soil Surrounding to prevent invalid evaporation during if arid season;Field overlay film Afterwards, it prevents mulch damaged, mulch breakage is covered tightly in time with fine earth.
6. East African altiplano area wheat furrow-ridge cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), institute The pretreatment for stating wheat seed is specially:With mass fraction be 25% carbendazim or mass fraction is the seed dressing of 15% triadimefon, more The dosage of bacterium spirit or triadimefon is the 0.2%~0.3% of seed weight.
7. East African altiplano area wheat furrow-ridge cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), institute Stating sowing is specially:It is sowed in furrow, depth of planting is 3~5cm.
8. East African altiplano area wheat furrow-ridge cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), institute It states and is after planting managed specially:The seedling growth in rainy season observation film, breaks ground and draws seedling, wheat seeding carries out after being unearthed in due course Field looks into seedling and fills the gaps with seedlings, and the row section for disconnected more than the ridge 20cm that is short of seedling is reseeded with same kind, and feeding-up pimple seedling carries out seedling thinning.
9. East African altiplano area wheat furrow-ridge cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (4), institute Stating harvest in due course is specially:After wheat grain filling, observation finds being similar in color and being difficult to referring to inherently of seed and this kind When first breaks seed, you can harvested.
CN201711459458.3A 2017-12-28 2017-12-28 A kind of East African altiplano area wheat furrow-ridge cultural method Pending CN108184574A (en)

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CN108934503A (en) * 2017-12-07 2018-12-07 黔西南州农业技术推广站 A kind of crops film side drought resisting collection rain cultural method
CN110050642A (en) * 2019-05-07 2019-07-26 贵州师范大学 A kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region Alfalfa Growing method
CN110786213A (en) * 2019-12-06 2020-02-14 山东农业大学 Winter wheat-summer corn loosening, ridging, film covering and micro-irrigation water and fertilizer integrated cultivation method
CN111699933A (en) * 2020-05-19 2020-09-25 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 Cultivation method for improving light energy interception of wheat
CN112913377A (en) * 2021-02-19 2021-06-08 青海省农林科学院 High-yield cultivation method for winter wheat spring seeds
CN113575325A (en) * 2021-08-16 2021-11-02 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 Wide-narrow row side film furrow double-sowing high-yield cultivation method for coix

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108934503A (en) * 2017-12-07 2018-12-07 黔西南州农业技术推广站 A kind of crops film side drought resisting collection rain cultural method
CN110050642A (en) * 2019-05-07 2019-07-26 贵州师范大学 A kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region Alfalfa Growing method
CN110786213A (en) * 2019-12-06 2020-02-14 山东农业大学 Winter wheat-summer corn loosening, ridging, film covering and micro-irrigation water and fertilizer integrated cultivation method
CN111699933A (en) * 2020-05-19 2020-09-25 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 Cultivation method for improving light energy interception of wheat
CN112913377A (en) * 2021-02-19 2021-06-08 青海省农林科学院 High-yield cultivation method for winter wheat spring seeds
CN113575325A (en) * 2021-08-16 2021-11-02 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 Wide-narrow row side film furrow double-sowing high-yield cultivation method for coix

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