CN111699933A - Cultivation method for improving light energy interception of wheat - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving the light energy interception of wheat. According to the invention, wheat seeds are sown in the soils with different heights during sowing, so that the difference of upper and lower spaces is generated between seed rows, the surface area of a farmland is increased, the wheat canopy is staggered, the light interception amount is obviously increased on the basis of the same variety without increasing the labor intensity, the conversion of light energy to chemical energy is further promoted, the light energy utilization rate and the yield of wheat are improved, and the contradiction of insufficient farmland is relieved. The method is simple, and does not need additional operation and complex cultivation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wheat planting, in particular to a cultivation method for improving the light energy interception of wheat.
Background
Sunlight is used as the power of photosynthesis of wheat, the amount of intercepted amount of sunlight is the key of the exertion of the yield level of wheat, and the amount of substances synthesized by photosynthesis of wheat in a unit population in the growth period of wheat and a dry matter determines the yield of the wheat. Thus, wheat yield is mainly determined by the reasonable degree of the population, i.e., the size, composition, distribution and dynamic changes of the population. The reasonable group structure means that the leaves with the most vigorous light and functions in the group can obtain sufficient light energy, which is also the key of cultivation.
Most of the traditional wheat planting is to plant wheat in flat ridges, and the growth vigor of the wheat is basically completely consistent. In recent years, due to the reduction of the cultivated land area, in order to improve the wheat yield, the fertilizing and close planting degree is continuously increased, so that the wheat canopy is more and more dense, and the canopy is more and more not beneficial to obtaining light energy. A large number of researches show that the regular wheat canopy is not beneficial to improving the light interception of wheat, field closure and poor ventilation and light transmission conditions are easily caused, and if the water and fertilizer management measures are not proper, lodging in the later growth period of wheat plants is easily caused, so that the yield is reduced. Most of dry matters formed by wheat grains are formed by photosynthesis after ear-heading and flowering, so the canopy structure, light interception and distribution conditions at the moment are critical to the accumulation and distribution of photosynthetic products, the growth and development of populations and the premature senility conditions, and the final yield.
On the basis of the above, patent application with publication number CN108323388A proposes a method of alternately planting high-stalk and low-stalk wheat varieties in an interlaced manner to increase the density, the lighting amount and the yield, but with the improvement of the living standard of people, the requirements on the wheat quality are higher and higher, and the harvest quality cannot be guaranteed due to the mixed variety. More importantly, if the growth periods of the wheat are inconsistent, late harvest of one variety is easily caused, and the seed falling rate and the pre-harvest germination rate are high.
In order to increase the light interception of tea trees, patent application with publication number CN109247171A proposes a method for planting tea trees in wave-making furrows, which belongs to perennial woody crops, and the number of individual leaves and canopy are significantly higher than those of wheat, so the requirements of furrowing and ridge height and ridge width are completely different from those of wheat. That is, the corrugated grooves are formed on the ridge surface, and the wave-shaped grooves are reserved for additional fertilization. The planting measures are not suitable for wheat. If the wheat is planted according to the measures, the production cost of the wheat is obviously increased, and the enthusiasm of grain production is reduced.
In order to improve the canopy structure and increase the light energy interception, the prior background technology also increases the light energy utilization rate of wheat by the technologies of co-seeding different varieties of wheat in the same row, paving a reflective panel on the ground surface and the like. The light energy capture amount of the wheat canopies can be increased by mixed sowing of different varieties, but the quality of the wheat of different varieties is mixed after harvesting, the taste of the ground flour is uneven, the quality is reduced although the yield is improved, and the practical production significance of the mixed sowing of different varieties is not great. The laying of the reflective panel on the ground surface can greatly increase the labor intensity and the production cost of wheat, and the laying is time-consuming and labor-consuming in production, is rare and is only seen in scientific research documents.
How to improve the existing wheat cultivation method, improve the light energy interception of the wheat and achieve the effect of finally improving the yield of the wheat is the technical problem to be solved by the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cultivation method for improving the light energy interception of wheat aiming at the defects. According to the invention, wheat seeds are sown in the soils with different heights during sowing, so that the difference of upper and lower spaces is generated between seed rows, the surface area of a farmland is increased, the wheat canopy is staggered, the light interception amount is obviously increased on the basis of the same variety without increasing the labor intensity, the conversion of light energy to chemical energy is further promoted, the light energy utilization rate and the yield of wheat are improved, and the contradiction of insufficient farmland is relieved. The method of the invention is simple and does not need additional operation and complex cultivation.
The technical scheme of the cultivation method for improving the light energy interception of the wheat is that wheat seeds are sown in the soil with different heights during sowing, so that an upper space and a lower space are different between seed rows.
And (4) setting the cultivated land into a wide-narrow row furrow structure.
And ridging the wide rows of the cultivated land, wherein the narrow rows are ditches.
The ridge width is 8-10cm, and the furrow width is 5-7 cm.
The height difference between the ridge top and the ditch bottom is 8-10 cm.
One row of wheat is planted at the ridge top, and two rows of wheat are planted at the ditch bottom.
The sowing depth of wheat planted at the ridge top is 5-6cm, the sowing depth of wheat planted at the ditch bottom is 4-5cm, and the height difference of wheat seeds planted at the ridge top and the ditch bottom is 6-10 cm.
Selecting a multi-spike type variety with high tillering and ear forming rate for wheat, wherein the harvest population is 45-50 ten thousand spikes/mu, and the plant height of the wheat variety is 80-85 cm.
The basic seedlings are controlled to be 18-20 thousands of plants per mu during sowing, and the cultivation method needs to adopt small water seepage in an irrigation mode to promote the combination of water and soil and forbid flood irrigation.
The soil is loam, and the volume weight of 0-10cm of soil is 0.85-0.90g/cm3。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the cultivation method for improving the light energy interception of the wheat combines the light energy acceptance condition between the wheat population and the individual, changes the original flat furrow making mode into a wide-narrow row furrow planting mode, improves the light energy acquisition of the winter wheat population, and establishes a reasonable wheat population structure.
The illumination has two main functions in the growth and development process of wheat: firstly, energy is provided for photosynthesis, and light energy is converted into chemical energy to be stored in organic compounds such as starch and the like; secondly, regulating the growth and development process of wheat. The full illumination in the early growth and development stage of the wheat is beneficial to tillering and development of the wheat; the light irradiation in the middle growth period of the wheat can influence the differentiation of the wheat ears; in the later stage of growth, the illumination has important influence on the formation and filling of grains, and the illumination time and the illumination intensity directly determine the yield of wheat grains. Therefore, the invention fully utilizes the wide and narrow rows of the land to increase the contact area of the wheat canopy and the illumination so as to obtain more illumination for photosynthesis and has positive effect on the yield improvement.
According to the invention, wheat seeds are sown in the soils with different heights during sowing, so that the difference of upper and lower spaces is generated between seed rows, the surface area of a farmland is increased, the wheat canopy is staggered, the light interception amount is obviously increased on the basis of the same variety without increasing the labor intensity, the conversion of light energy to chemical energy is further promoted, the light energy utilization rate and the yield of wheat are improved, and the contradiction of insufficient farmland is relieved. The method of the invention is simple and does not need additional operation and complex cultivation. Not only can obviously improve winter wheat population, but also improves the light energy capture rate of Huang-Huai-Hai plain wheat, and provides a foundation for increasing yield and efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of wide and narrow row planting according to the present invention.
Wherein, 1-soil, 2-ridge, 3-ridge top, 4-wheat, 5-ditch and 6-ditch bottom.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
for better understanding of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
Traditional flat bed planting methods (planting of 150cm in width, 10 rows of wheat and 10 kg/mu in sowing amount) and comparative tests of the invention were carried out in autumn in 2012 by golden sea planting ltd, leizhou, mountains.
The cultivation method for improving the light energy interception capacity of the wheat provided by the invention is characterized in that cultivated land is set to be a wide-narrow row furrow structure.
And (3) ridging the wide rows of the cultivated land by 2, and forming the narrow rows by 5.
The width of the ridge 2 is 8cm, and the width of the groove 5 is 5 cm.
The height difference between the ridge top 3 and the ditch bottom 6 is 8 cm.
One row of wheat is planted at the ridge top 3, and two rows of wheat are planted at the ditch bottom 6.
The sowing depth of wheat 4 planted on the ridge top 3 is 6cm, the sowing depth of wheat 4 planted on the furrow bottom 6 is 4cm, and the height difference of wheat 4 seeds planted on the ridge top 3 and the furrow bottom 6 is 6 cm.
The cultivation method needs irrigation by adopting small water seepage, promotes the combination of water and soil, and prohibits large water flood irrigation.
The soil 1 is loam, and the volume weight of the soil 1 of 0-10cm is 0.85-0.90g/cm3。
The test varieties are: jimai 22 (multi-panicle variety) was sown 10/6 days 2012. The seeding rate is 10 kg/mu, and the basic seedlings are 19.36 ten thousand plants/mu in 10 months and 15 days. Wheat in a test field is harvested in 2013 in 6-8 months, and three 2m wheat fields are selected in the traditional flat-bed planting and the planting method2The yield of the land plot after manual harvest (table 1) is respectively 1, 2 and 3 of the traditional planting, and a, b and c of the invention are compared, and the invention is mainly characterized in that the yield is improved by increasing the ear number per mu from 46.2 ten thousand/mu of the traditional planting to 52.3 ten thousand/mu, the increase range is 13.0%, the ear number is reduced by 1.6%, the thousand grain weight is increased by 0.1 g/1000 grains, the yield is increased by 64.2 kg/mu, and the yield increase range is 11.7%.
Wheat yield meter for 12012-year Jinhai test field
As can be seen from the table 1, the invention increases the surface area of the land by changing a simple planting mode, improves the light energy interception of wheat under the condition of increasing the ear capacity per unit area, obtains obvious yield increase and provides a technical choice for the tight balance state of farmlands in China.
Example 2
The experimental field of crop research institute of academy of agricultural sciences in Shandong province in autumn in 2018 is subjected to the repeated verification test of the invention:
the cultivation method for improving the light energy interception capacity of the wheat provided by the invention is characterized in that cultivated land is set to be a wide-narrow row furrow structure.
And (3) ridging the wide rows of the cultivated land by 2, and forming the narrow rows by 5.
The width of the ridge 2 is 10cm, and the width of the groove 5 is 7 cm.
The height difference between the ridge top 3 and the groove bottom 6 is 10 cm.
One row of wheat is planted at the ridge top 3, and two rows of wheat are planted at the ditch bottom 6.
The seeding depth of wheat 4 planted on the ridge top 3 is 5cm, the seeding depth of wheat 4 planted on the trench bottom 6 is 5cm, and the height difference of wheat 4 seeds planted on the ridge top 3 and the trench bottom 6 is 10 cm.
The cultivation method needs irrigation by adopting small water seepage, promotes the combination of water and soil, and prohibits large water flood irrigation.
The soil 1 is loam, and the volume weight of the soil 1 of 0-10cm is 0.85-0.90g/cm3。
The test varieties are: and (4) planting Jimai 44 in 2018, sowing the seeds at 13 days in 10 months, wherein the sowing amount is 11.3 kg/mu, the basic seedlings are 20.45 thousands of plants/mu in 22 days in 10 months, the seedlings are overwintering in 25 days in 11 months, and the seedlings are harvested in 5 days in 6 months in 2019. Three 2m flat-bed planting methods are selected for the traditional flat-bed planting and the planting method2The artificial harvesting of the plots is respectively traditional planting 1, 2 and 3 and the invention a, b and c, and the inventors investigated indexes such as SPAD value, tillering and ear forming rate, light energy utilization rate, yield and the like during the test period (tables 2, 3 and 4). Compared with the traditional planting method, the chlorophyll SPAD values of the booting stage and the flowering stage are improved by 2.32% and 2.19% respectively; the basic seedlings, the population and the ear number per mu are improved, and the comparison shows that the basic seedlings are increased by 5.14 percent compared with the traditional planting basic seedlings, the maximum basic seedlings in spring are increased by 7.75 percent, the ear number per mu is increased by 10.26 percent, the tillering and ear forming rate is also improved, and the population increase and development are effectively promoted; in addition, compared with the traditional planting, the light energy utilization rate of the group in the jointing-booting stage, the flowering-grouting stage and the grouting-maturation stage is respectively improved by 15.05 percent, 5.63 percent and 6.25 percent, and the light energy utilization rate of the seed grains is improved by 17.07 percent, which shows that the conversion of the light energy of the seed grains to the chemical energy is remarkably promoted.
TABLE 22018 SPAD values of wheat treated differently in the trial of Odondo provincial academy of agriculture in 2019
TABLE 32018 seed tillering and ear forming rates of wheat treated differently in Odongtao farm institute of Shandong province of 2019
TABLE 42018 utilization of light energy in different treatment areas tested by Odondo province farm college 2019
| Utilization rate of group light energy | |||||
| Treatment of | Joint-booting period | Ear-blossom period | Flowering-filling phase | Grouting-maturation phase | Seed grain light energy utilization rate |
| Tradition planting 1 | 0.19 | 2.46 | 0.73 | 0.32 | 0.40 |
| |
0.19 | 2.90 | 0.76 | 0.34 | 0.40 |
| Tradition planting 3 | 0.20 | 2.96 | 0.65 | 0.30 | 0.42 |
| Average | 0.19 | 2.77 | 0.71 | 0.32 | 0.41 |
| Invention a | 0.20 | 2.72 | 0.75 | 0.31 | 0.45 |
| Invention b | 0.21 | 2.82 | 0.71 | 0.37 | 0.50 |
| Invention c | 0.25 | 2.90 | 0.80 | 0.35 | 0.47 |
| Average | 0.22 | 2.81 | 0.75 | 0.34 | 0.48 |
Therefore, the invention increases the staggered layer and the light receiving area of the plants and promotes the increase of chlorophyll through the change of a simple planting mode, the content of the chlorophyll determines the speed of photosynthesis, in addition, the earning rate and the light energy utilization rate are also improved, obviously, the invention can improve the photosynthesis speed of wheat and further utilize the light energy.
Example 3
In the autumn of 2018, a farmland water and nitrogen supply capacity evaluation and verification test is carried out at mazhuangzhou yueyueyang professional cooperative in tai an city: the cultivation method was the same as in example 1.
The test varieties are: taimai 18 (a big ear type variety) is sown in 2018, 10 months and 7 days, the sowing amount is 12 kg/mu, 20 days in 10 months and 20 days survey that basic seedlings are 20.87 thousand plants/mu, 20 days in 11 months enter into overwintering, 6 months and 7 days in 2019, and the water content (table 5) and the nitrogen condition (table 6) before and after soil irrigation in the wheat jointing stage of the test field are surveyed during the test period. The invention changes the traditional flat ridge into a wide and narrow ridge row, and the corresponding irrigation mode needs to be changed from large water flood irrigation into small water seepage irrigation to promote the combination of water and soil. After the soil water content is measured in the jointing stage, the soil water content is obviously higher than that of the traditional planting method before and after the soil layers of 20-40cm are irrigated and after the soil layers of 40-60cm are irrigated, the soil water content is respectively higher than that of the traditional planting method by 38.75 percent, 17.31 percent and 20.83 percent, and the difference distance between other soil layers is small, so that the water distribution of the soil under the new invention is more uniform compared with that of the traditional planting soil, and the wheat root growth is more facilitated. From the point of nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, the nitrogen content of stems and leaves and seeds can be increased, the N absorption amount is increased, on the basis, the partial production capacity of the nitrogen fertilizer is improved by 1.8%, the N absorption is increased by 4.08%, and the yield is improved by 2%.
Table 52018 + 2019 Taian Yueyuei agricultural Cooperation agency of Tai province before and after jointing stage irrigation of wheat
TABLE 62018 comparison of nitrogen fertilizer utilization by wheat cooperative in Taian Yueyuengyo agricultural society of 2019
The invention does not simply carry out simple ridging and intercropping on the flat bed produced in the prior art, but deeply matches the relationship between the photosynthetic rule and the cultivation mode of wheat on the basis of combining the development characteristics and the illumination condition of wheat, and enlarges the planting and illumination contact area of crops as much as possible on the basis of limited ploughing, thereby improving the yield.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method for improving the light energy interception of wheat is characterized in that wheat seeds are sown in soils with different heights during sowing, so that an upper space difference and a lower space difference are generated between seed rows.
2. The cultivation method for improving the light energy interception capacity of wheat according to claim 1, wherein the cultivated land is set to be a wide-narrow row furrow structure.
3. The cultivation method for improving the light energy interception capacity of wheat according to claim 2, wherein wide rows of cultivated land are ridged, and narrow rows are furrows.
4. The cultivation method for improving the light energy interception of wheat as claimed in claim 3, wherein the ridge width is 8-10cm and the furrow width is 5-7 cm.
5. The cultivation method for improving the light energy interception capacity of wheat according to claim 3, wherein the height difference between the ridge top and the groove bottom is 8-10 cm.
6. The cultivation method for improving the light energy interception capacity of wheat according to claim 3, wherein one row of wheat is planted at the ridge top and two rows of wheat are planted at the furrow bottom.
7. The cultivation method for improving the light energy interception of wheat as claimed in claim 6, wherein the seeding depth of wheat planted at the ridge top is 5-6cm, the seeding depth of wheat planted at the trench bottom is 4-5cm, and the height difference between the ridge top and the trench bottom is 6-10 cm.
8. The cultivation method for improving the light energy interception capacity of wheat according to claim 1, wherein a multi-spike type variety with high tillering and heading rate is selected for wheat, the harvest population is 45-50 ten thousand spikes/mu, and the plant height of the wheat variety is 80-85 cm.
9. The cultivation method for improving the light energy interception capacity of wheat according to claim 1, wherein the number of basic seedlings is controlled to be 18-20 ten thousand per mu during sowing, and the cultivation method needs irrigation by adopting small water seepage to promote the combination of water and soil and forbid flood irrigation.
10. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil is loam, and the volume weight of 0-10cm of the soil is 0.85-0.90g/cm3。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115735689A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-07 | 河南联邦种业有限公司 | Mixed sowing and yield increasing cultivation method for wheat high and short stalk variety |
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Application publication date: 20200925 |